{ "source": { "pdf_url": "https://ignca.gov.in/Asi_data/66132.pdf", "note": "Fresh gazetteer review layer rebuilt from strict structured LLM extraction. Minor scan artifacts may be corrected where obvious; modern-place matching is populated by the enrichment script." }, "places": [ { "id": "alsu-or-alsoa", "historical_name": "ALSU (or Alsoa)", "modern_name": "Aloosa", "pdf_page": 121, "pdf_viewer_page": 135, "latitude": 34.42, "longitude": 74.53, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloosa", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Aloosa%20Bandipora%20Wular%20Lake", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Alsu/Alsoa is described about a mile north-west of Wular Lake on the road toward Lolab; modern Aloosa near Bandipora preserves the name and setting.", "blurb": "A considerable village, about a mile from the north-western shore of the Wular lake. The houses are scattered on the slope of the hill. There is a road leading from it to Lalpur, which is the chief town in the Lolab valley, and about 10 miles distant towards the north-west. The village is supplied with water from a stream; there are no shops, and supplies are not usually procurable.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Aloosa%20Bandipora%20Wular%20Lake", "source_latitude": 34.416667, "source_longitude": 74.583333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 25'. Long. 74° 35'.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "strong", "reviewed_at": "2026-06-04 manual disambiguation batch 10", "google_place_id": "ChIJn4VR15kN4TgR0DF00v3eb4c", "features": [ "village", "spring", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A considerable village, about a mile from the north-western shore of the Wular lake." }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "The village is supplied with water from a stream" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "There is a road leading from it to Lalpur" } ], "feature_notes": "Road leads from village to Lalpur, but village itself is settlement on a hill slope supplied by a stream.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "amrawati", "historical_name": "AMRAWATI", "modern_name": "Amrawati", "pdf_page": 121, "pdf_viewer_page": 135, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small stream which flows into the Manas Bal lake at the northern extremity. The ground over which it flows is so white that it looks at a distance like a foaming cataract, and this is the very spot where Karkoa is said to have turned the waters into milk. (Hügel.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "amrgarh", "historical_name": "AMRGARH", "modern_name": "Amrgarh", "pdf_page": 121, "pdf_viewer_page": 135, "latitude": 33.0439278, "longitude": 74.1863754, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghsar_Fort", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Bagsar+Fort/@33.0439278,74.1863754,3168m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m15!1m8!3m7!1s0x391fb35fd6dd39db:0x2cefddd7e1a12984!2sBaghsar!3b1!8m2!3d33.0434711!4d74.1988555!16s%2Fg%2F1tgnkgl7!3m5!1s0x391fb34560bbe0c3:0x8ae26905854245cd!8m2!3d33.0395667!4d74.2063118!16s%2Fg%2F11k47klrfk?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A fort on the Adidak ridge, about 9 miles north-east of Bhimber, and about 4 miles distant from the road leading into Kashmir. The fort was built by Dhian Sing. Vigne, who examined it through his telescope, gives the following description of it: It is apparently built on a ridge over the precipitous bank of a ravine to the westward of it, but is commanded from other eminences at no great distance. It seemed to be of stone and of very solid masonry, with curtains and towers formed on a rectangular outline. (Vigne—all good.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Bagsar+Fort/@33.0439278,74.1863754,3168m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m15!1m8!3m7!1s0x391fb35fd6dd39db:0x2cefddd7e1a12984!2sBaghsar!3b1!8m2!3d33.0434711!4d74.1988555!16s%2Fg%2F1tgnkgl7!3m5!1s0x391fb34560bbe0c3:0x8ae26905854245cd!8m2!3d33.0395667!4d74.2063118!16s%2Fg%2F11k47klrfk?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.033333, "source_longitude": 74.266667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 2'. Long. 74° 16'.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "fort" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "A fort on the Adidak ridge... It is apparently built on a ridge over the precipitous bank of a ravine... It seemed to be of stone and of very solid masonry, with curtains and towers formed on a rectangular outline." } ], "feature_notes": "Entry is a fort described in detail on a ridge.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "amranath", "historical_name": "AMRANATH", "modern_name": "Amarnath Temple", "pdf_page": 121, "pdf_viewer_page": 135, "latitude": 34.2154614, "longitude": 75.5039495, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarnath_Temple", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Shri+Amarnath+Cave+Temple/@34.2154614,75.5039495,1563m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m12!1m5!3m4!2zMzTCsDEyJzU1LjYiTiA3NcKwMzAnMjEuNCJF!8m2!3d34.21544!4d75.50594!3m5!1s0x38e24fca96056755:0xdfd15d625912515e!8m2!3d34.2156918!4d75.5041201!16zL20vMDdnZHFr?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research: source describes the celebrated Amarnath cave; mapped to modern Amarnath Temple/Cave. Coordinates from GIS coordinate listing; review before marking final.", "blurb": "This lofty mountain is situated on the confines of Kashmir, to the north-east, near the source of the Sind river. The celebrated cave, which is annually visited not only by the Hindús of Kashmir, but by the pilgrims of that faith from Hindustan, of every rank and caste, is an enormous fissure on the south side of the mountain, situated in a deep and narrow valley, which is bounded by steep and lofty mountains, and traversed by a torrent which flows from a very large glacier at its upper end.\n\nThe opening of the cave is about 200 or 300 feet above the torrent, and the path leading up to it is steep and rocky; it passes straight inwards for about 75 feet, and then turns to the right for about 125 feet; the height of the cave varies from 10 to 50 feet, and large drops of water are constantly trickling down from its roof. The inner portion is intensely cold, and contains two large blocks of transparent ice, which have been formed by the freezing of the water which oozes through the rock, and behind which the pilgrims throw their offerings, consisting usually of money, fruit, grain, and flowers.\n\nA small Brahmini bull carved in stone is placed in the middle of the cavern, and broken pieces of stones lie scattered about in all directions. The great festival takes place in the Hindi month Sawan, the day depending upon the moon's age (in 1870 it occurred on the 11th August). The origin of the pilgrimage is thus accounted for:—\"The Angel of Death appeared to the divinities and told them that he would destroy them. They were much troubled at this threat, and proceeded to the place of abode of Soami Shruj—that is, of the Lord Siva—and entreated his protection.\n\nSiva appeared to them with a bright and pleasant countenance, and showing them great favour, inquired into their state and circumstances with much anxiety. The divinities represented that the Angel of Death was at enmity with them, and that they dreaded his power; upon which Siva, of his great mercy and kindness, bestowed upon them the water of immortality, by which they were freed from the persecution of the Angel of Death. Siva afterwards again went to his devotional abstractions at his abode, and was again sought for by the divinities, but they could not see him.\n\nThey were therefore in great distress, and lifted up their hands in prayer, and entreated him to show himself to them; whence the pilgrimage and the prayer at Ammáth. The former, it is added, is called Linga-Kar.” After performing their ablutions and prostrations at Ganesh Bal, in the Lidár valley, the pilgrims proceed to Palgám, and thence follow up the defile to the right to a place in the forest called Chandanwári. The only dwelling to be found on the way beyond Palgám is about 3 miles thence up the defile. Afterwards the path, though worn by the pilgrimages of ages, is rocky and fatiguing, though usually in no way dangerous.\n\nA second and steep ascent begins from Chandanwári, after which the pilgrims find themselves in a long open valley formed between the mountain peaks rising to a thousand feet above it on each side, the valley itself being elevated above the limit of forest. Having performed their ablutions in the Shísha Nág, they encamp on the grassy plain to the north of the lake; on the next stage they cross another ridge by an easy pass to the north-east of the Sachkach mountain, and descend into the grassy valley of the five-streams, encamping for the night at the foot of the spur forming the southern boundary of the Ammáth valley.\n\nNext morning, long before day-break, the camp is astir, and old and young of both sexes, hale and decrepid, begin their last and by far the most toilsome ascent. The long train of pilgrims winds slowly over the lofty spur, descending its steep side into the narrow valley at the foot of the Amrnáth mountain, and performing their ablutions in the Amar Veyut, the stream which flows at the bottom, the men divest themselves of all clothing, and enter the cave either entirely naked, or with pieces of birch-bark, which do duty for fig-leaves. The women content themselves for the most part with laying aside all superfluous articles of clothing, and shrouding themselves in a long sheet or blanket.\n\nWhen the pilgrims reach the cave, they commence shouting, clapping their hand, and calling upon the deity (Siva). Asa darshan payarek—“Show yourself to us”—is the universal and simultaneous exclamation and prayer of prostrate thousands. Vigne then goes on to say, “the cave is much frequented by rock pigeons, who are affrighted by the noise, rush out tumultuously, and are the answer to the prayer. In the body of one or other of these resides the person of their divinity, and Shar or Siva, the destroyer, and the all-powerful, is considered to be present and incarnate as the harmless dove. If there happens to be no pigeon in the cave at the time, the pilgrims are much disappointed.”\n\nBut it seems hardly probable that pigeons would select an icy cavern in a dreary solitude, far removed from human habitations in which to make their nests; it may therefore be surmised that the attendant Brahmins and priests, who make no little profit out of the credulity that prompts this annual pilgrimage, take means to ensure that there shall be no disappointment in the appearance of a pigeon at the auspicious moment in answer to the supplications of the multitude.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Shri+Amarnath+Cave+Temple/@34.2154614,75.5039495,1563m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m12!1m5!3m4!2zMzTCsDEyJzU1LjYiTiA3NcKwMzAnMjEuNCJF!8m2!3d34.21544!4d75.50594!3m5!1s0x38e24fca96056755:0xdfd15d625912515e!8m2!3d34.2156918!4d75.5041201!16zL20vMDdnZHFr?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 34.216667, "source_longitude": 75.533333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 13'. Long. 75° 32'. Elev. of survey station 16,442 feet; of snowy peak 17,321 feet.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "mountain", "religious_site", "spring", "river_or_lake", "pass" ], "primary_feature": "mountain", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "This lofty mountain is situated on the confines of Kashmir.." }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "The celebrated cave... annually visited by the Hindús of Kashmir and pilgrims... the cave contains large blocks of transparent ice... Pilgrims perform ablutions and prayers there." }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "Pilgrims perform their ablutions in the Shísha Nág" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "There is a torrent which flows from a very large glacier at its upper end." }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "Next stage they cross another ridge by an easy pass to the north-east of the Sachkach mountain." } ], "feature_notes": "Mountain with a famous cave pilgrimage site and includes springs and a river/torrent and a pass on pilgrims' route.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "anaikot", "historical_name": "ANAIKOT", "modern_name": "Angaikot", "pdf_page": 123, "pdf_viewer_page": 137, "latitude": 34.5195227, "longitude": 75.182992, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Angaikot%20Gurez&query_place_id=ChIJ1aRjvx7F4zgRgKBPUrznEAk", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 candidate: Angaikot is a strong spelling-survival candidate for Anaikot/Agaeikot in the Gurez/Tilail context.", "blurb": "A village towards the eastern end of the Tilail valley; it is called in the Dard dialect Agaeikot, and consists of three houses, scattered high on the hill side, around the ruins of an old fort. The Raman river is usually bridged below this village.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Angaikot%20Gurez&query_place_id=ChIJ1aRjvx7F4zgRgKBPUrznEAk", "source_latitude": 34.533333, "source_longitude": 75.233333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 32'. Long. 75° 14'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "fort", "village", "river_or_lake", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "ANAIKOT. Anaikot. Fort / historic site. A village towards the eastern end of the Tilail valley; it is called in the" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "llage towards the eastern end of the Tilail valley; it is called in the Dard dialect Agaeikot, and consists of three" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "scattered high on the hill side, around the ruins of an old fort. The Raman river is usually bridged below this vil" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" }, "google_place_id": "ChIJ1aRjvx7F4zgRgKBPUrznEAk" }, { "id": "anar", "historical_name": "ANAR", "modern_name": "Anar", "pdf_page": 123, "pdf_viewer_page": 137, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village situated about 3 miles north of Chownuk, on the right bank of the Punch Toi, which is here high and steep. With the exception of three Hindi shop-keepers, the inhabitants are all Mahomedans of the Jat and Sao castes, and number about 50 families, including a blacksmith, a carpenter, and three dyers. There is a kotwali and a masjid in the village; also a baoli and two wells.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.333333, "source_longitude": 73.783333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 20'. Long. 73° 47'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": ", and three dyers. There is a kotwali and a masjid in the village; also a baoli and two wells." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "bout 3 miles north of Chownuk, on the right bank of the Punch Toi, which is here high and steep. With the exceptio" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "anatnag", "historical_name": "ANATNAG", "modern_name": "Anantnag", "pdf_page": 123, "pdf_viewer_page": 137, "latitude": 33.73527778, "longitude": 75.14777778, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anantnag", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=12876740308206560324&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Anantnag. Score 100; review before marking final.", "blurb": "Is the Kashmiri name given to the celebrated spring at Islamabad, which issues from the foot of the table-land, to the westward of which the town stands. Its waters are received into tanks, whose sides are built up with stone, embellished with a wooden pavilion, and overshadowed with large chunar trees. The name of the spring is derived from Anat Nag, or Ananta Nag, the spring of Anant, the serpent of Vishnu, and the emblem of eternity; it is esteemed sacred by the Hindus. About 100 yards east of the Anat Nag is another spring called the Saunt Pookur, the water of which is held in great estimation for drinking purposes. Two other springs rise close by, the Sulik Nag and the Mulik Nag; both flow into the same tank; the Sulik Nag is sulphurous, while the Mulik Nag bubbles up in the form of a fountain, and is pure and fresh.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=12876740308206560324", "source_latitude": 33.733333, "source_longitude": 75.216667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 44'. Long. 75° 13'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJUYATqoEF4jgRRCSbHxZfs7I", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 100, "match_distance_km": 6.289931268386971, "features": [ "spring" ], "primary_feature": "spring", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "spring", "quote": "Is the Kashmiri name given to the celebrated spring at Islamabad... Its waters are received into tanks... Name of the spring is derived from Anat Nag... esteemed sacred by the Hindus." } ], "feature_notes": "Entry is the spring itself, sacred and supplied to tanks.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "anatn-g", "historical_name": "ANATNÁG", "modern_name": "Anantnag", "pdf_page": 124, "pdf_viewer_page": 138, "latitude": 33.73528, "longitude": 75.14778, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anantnag", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=33.73528,75.14778", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research: source says Anatnag/Islamabad chief town; mapped to modern Anantnag. Coordinates from Wikipedia; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A pargana and one of the three zillahs in the Mirzí division; also the chief town of the pargana, situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, towards the south-east end of the valley of Kashmír. Its ancient name was Anyech; it is now called Islamabad by Mahomedans, and Anatnág by Hindús and Sikhs. See \"ISLAMABAD.\"", "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anantnag", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "town" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "...the chief town of the pargana, situated on the right bank of the Jhelam..." } ], "feature_notes": "Entry is the chief town in the pargana and recognized as a town.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "anchar", "historical_name": "ANCHAR", "modern_name": "Anchar", "pdf_page": 124, "pdf_viewer_page": 138, "latitude": 34.0963289, "longitude": 74.8792209, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchar_Lake", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=4393546446217394876&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Anchar, Srinagar 191121. Score 122; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A lake, or more correctly a morass, lying to the north-west of the city of Srinagar; it is caused by the overflow of the waters of the Sind river. In shape it is triangular, the apex pointing towards the city; its greatest length is about 7 miles, and the greatest breadth about 5. The Nail Mar canal, which flows through the northern portion of the city, empties itself into the Anchar lake. (Ince,—Journal Asiatic Society.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=4393546446217394876&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.166667, "source_longitude": 74.833333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 10'.\tLong. 74° 50'.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJM1zY6AGG4TgRvLr3_jYD-Tw", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 122, "match_distance_km": 8.88879265830196, "wikipedia_title": "Anchar Lake", "wikipedia_match_score": 99, "wikipedia_match_distance_km": 10.65477395277208, "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "A lake, or more correctly a morass, lying to the north-west of the city of Srinagar... Its greatest length is about 7 miles, and the greatest breadth about 5." } ], "feature_notes": "Entry is a lake/morass formed by river overflow.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "andra", "historical_name": "ANDRA", "modern_name": "Andrah Kalan", "pdf_page": 124, "pdf_viewer_page": 138, "latitude": 33.179921, "longitude": 73.8037852, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrah_Kalan", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Andrah+Kalan/@33.179921,73.8037852,3163m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x391fe9f2cb07cfcd:0xa838b06375721c0f!8m2!3d33.1799219!4d73.8140849!16s%2Fm%2F05pdjzm?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Andrah Kalan. Score 76; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village situated in a pretty little valley a few miles south-west of Poni; it lies on the road from Akniír to Rajauri, but affords little accommodation. (Vigne.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Andrah+Kalan/@33.179921,73.8037852,3163m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x391fe9f2cb07cfcd:0xa838b06375721c0f!8m2!3d33.1799219!4d73.8140849!16s%2Fm%2F05pdjzm?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.066667, "source_longitude": 74.716667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 4'.\tLong. 74° 43'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJzc8Hy_LpHzkRDxxydWOwOKg", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 76, "match_distance_km": 84.9911808852764, "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village situated in a pretty little valley a few miles south-west of Poni." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "It lies on the road from Akniír to Rajauri" } ], "feature_notes": "Village located on a road route but not described as a town.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ans", "historical_name": "ANS", "modern_name": "Ans", "pdf_page": 124, "pdf_viewer_page": 138, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This river takes its rise on the southern slopes of the Pansál range, at the foot of the Rúpri pass, and as the Panchgabbar stream flows for some distance in a south-westerly direction, it then turns due east and receives by its left bank the waters of the Chúni Perai stream, which flows from the foot of the Búdií pass, and a few miles further on is joined on the same bank by the Golfágarh stream; from this point the river bends to the south, and flowing continuously towards that point, empties itself into the Chenáb near the fort of Arnas, on the right bank; in lat. 33° 11', long. 74° 51', a few miles north of the town of Riassi.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "fort", "town", "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "1', long. 74° 51', a few miles north of the town of Riassi." }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "akes its rise on the southern slopes of the Pansál range, at the foot of the Rúpri pass, and as the Panchgabbar stre" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ANS. Ans. Fort / historic site. This river takes its rise on the southern slopes of the Pansál range, at the" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ara", "historical_name": "ARA", "modern_name": "Ara", "pdf_page": 124, "pdf_viewer_page": 138, "latitude": 32.7635731, "longitude": 73.2101837, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=5568612814520912657&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Ara, Pakistan. Score 96; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village situated on the right bank of the Punch Toí, about a mile north of Chowmuk, on the road to Sensar. It is shaded by fine trees; there are about 20 houses in the village; the inhabitants are all Mohamedans, including three Syuds.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=5568612814520912657&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.3, "source_longitude": 73.8, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 18'.\tLong. 73° 48'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJKZuubxIxIDkREQs13dmvR00", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 96, "match_distance_km": 81.12375522839531, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "a. Village. A village situated on the right bank of the Punch Toí, about a mile north of Chowmuk, on the road to S" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "Toí, about a mile north of Chowmuk, on the road to Sensar. It is shaded by fine trees; there are about 20 houses" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "arabul", "historical_name": "ARABUL", "modern_name": "Arabul", "pdf_page": 124, "pdf_viewer_page": 138, "latitude": 33.651057, "longitude": 74.7837032, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Aharbal+Waterfall/@33.651057,74.7837032,791m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e1fcaaca60c81d:0x91dbe833c17bed62!8m2!3d33.6510526!4d74.7862781!16s%2Fg%2F1yw0_tgpl?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A celebrated water-fall, formed by the Veshau river in a rocky gorge, about 2 miles south of the village of Sedau, in the Ardwin pargana, and 6 miles south-west of Shupian. A good view of the fall may be obtained from the right bank of the river, which flows in a deep channel about 40 feet wide.\n\nIt first drops over a ledge of rock about 15 feet high, in a series of cascades, which are caught in a large pool, the lower end of which is closed by rocky walls, which jut out from either side of the gorge; the water rises to within a few feet of the top of these walls; between them is an opening about 12 feet wide, through which the collected waters rush, falling some 25 feet in a sheet of white foam. The rocks on the left bank of the river are bare and precipitous; those on the right bank are almost as steep, but are clothed with forest. Numbers of pigeons fly about the falls.\n\nVigne remarks that in spring, during the melting of the snows, the rush of water is tremendous; but the beauty of the place is not owing to its volume, or the height of its fall, which does not exceed 25 feet, but to its dark, deep, and precipitous sides, the thick pine forest that surrounds it, and the relief that is afforded by the snows of the Pir Panjâl, rising majestically behind it. Arabul is a place of peculiar sanctity with the Hindûs, and as such is frequently visited by them; and the precipice overhanging its flood has been upon several occasions the last resting place for the feet of the Hindû suicide.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Aharbal+Waterfall/@33.651057,74.7837032,791m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e1fcaaca60c81d:0x91dbe833c17bed62!8m2!3d33.6510526!4d74.7862781!16s%2Fg%2F1yw0_tgpl?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.666667, "source_longitude": 71.816667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 40'.\tLong. 71° 49'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "forest" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "A celebrated water-fall, formed by the Veshau river in a rocky gorge." }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "The rocks on the right bank are almost as steep, but are clothed with forest." } ], "feature_notes": "Entry is waterfall feature of river gorge with forest on the bank.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "aramp-tra", "historical_name": "ARAMPŪTRA", "modern_name": "Arampūtra", "pdf_page": 125, "pdf_viewer_page": 139, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, about a mile west of Srinagar, on the path to Sybûg. It consists of a few huts on the edge of a morass. A little tobacco is grown near this village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.1, "source_longitude": 74.816667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 6'. Long. 74° 49'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ra. Village. A village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, about a mile west of Srinagar, on the path to Sybû" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "elam, about a mile west of Srinagar, on the path to Sybûg. It consists of a few huts on the edge of a morass. A li" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "aramp-ra", "historical_name": "ARAMPŪRA", "modern_name": "Arampūra", "pdf_page": 125, "pdf_viewer_page": 139, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "See 'Kûlangam.'", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.416667, "source_longitude": 74.333333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 25'. Long. 74° 20.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "Defaulted to village because no explicit feature evidence was found." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "arat", "historical_name": "ARAT", "modern_name": "Arath", "pdf_page": 125, "pdf_viewer_page": 139, "latitude": 34.0723855, "longitude": 74.6363472, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Arath+budgam/@34.0723855,74.6363472,14732m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e199bc8e2459bf:0x3ea42bd0ff545e82!8m2!3d34.0860389!4d74.6555141!16s%2Fg%2F11kphggv2v?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch: Historical Arat is best read as modern Arath near Kawoosa/Hokersar in Budgam; gazetteer setting west of the Hokarsar marsh matches the existing Google candidate.", "blurb": "A small village which lies on the western edge of the Hokarsar morass, north of the road from Srinagar, towards Makahâma. It contains about half a dozen houses and a government stable.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Arath+budgam/@34.0723855,74.6363472,14732m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e199bc8e2459bf:0x3ea42bd0ff545e82!8m2!3d34.0860389!4d74.6555141!16s%2Fg%2F11kphggv2v?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 34.083333, "source_longitude": 74.7, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 5'. Long. 74° 42'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJectQjsaZ4TgR4AqbzgxZv2s", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 90, "match_distance_km": 4.247888007707927, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A small village which lies on the western edge of the Hokarsar morass... It contains about half a dozen houses and a government stable." } ], "feature_notes": "Entry is a small settlement (village).", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "arats", "historical_name": "ARATS", "modern_name": "Arhama / Lar", "pdf_page": 125, "pdf_viewer_page": 139, "latitude": 34.266, "longitude": 74.754, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Arhama%20Lar%20Ganderbal", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Arats is the tehsil village of Lar pargana on the left bank of the Sind north of Srinagar; modern Arhama/Lar area is the closest name-and-position match.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the Sind river, north of Srinagar; it is the tehsîl of the Lar pargana. Much of the pulp used in the paper factories in Srinagar is prepared in this village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.233333, "source_longitude": 74.816667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 14'. Long. 74° 49'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "strong", "reviewed_at": "2026-06-04 manual disambiguation batch 10", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ar. Village. A village situated on the left bank of the Sind river, north of Srinagar; it is the tehsîl of the Lar" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ardwin", "historical_name": "ARDWIN", "modern_name": "Arwin", "pdf_page": 125, "pdf_viewer_page": 139, "latitude": 33.7823026, "longitude": 75.0673193, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=14638845495771975944&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Arwin 192124. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A pargana in Miraj, included in the Shupian zillah. It comprises the district on the left bank of the Veshau river. The tehsîl is at Mohunpûra. The Ardwin pargana is said to have been the first formed.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=14638845495771975944&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "Coordinate line not present.", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJO0VMU1cb4jgRCNFQIWugJ8s", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "arhpal", "historical_name": "ARHPAL", "modern_name": "Aripal", "pdf_page": 125, "pdf_viewer_page": 139, "latitude": 34.0170778, "longitude": 75.0694728, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Aripal+192123/@34.0170778,75.0694728,783m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e223e5eb7e3afd:0xbeba8e1ffa6e2e20!8m2!3d34.0175364!4d75.0713355!16s%2Fg%2F11jlwbm30z?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 8: Historical Arhpal lies on the western side of the Tral valley and is likely modern Aripal/Aripal Tral, preserving the name and relative position. Coordinate is a modern Aripal locality candidate pending user review.", "blurb": "A village which lies on the western side of the Trâl valley, towards its northern extremity; distant about 7 miles from Trâl, by a good road, and 13 from Tsûrus or Sûrsî, the nearest point on the Jhelam. It is very prettily situated on the left bank of a mountain stream, which seems here to be called the Chulabal nala, and which flows past the village in numerous channels. On the bank of the stream is an expanse of smooth green turf, shaded by some noble trees, which are frequented by an unusual number of birds of variegated plumage; on the right bank of the stream, to the west of the village, is a remarkable spring of pure cold water, which is an object of great veneration to Hindûs. It gushes out of a cleft in the precipitous rocky cliff at the foot of the Mainzawan mountain. The water first flows into a natural rocky basin about 3 feet square, and then again disappears, under the side of the cave, before joining the stream, to which it contributes a considerable volume of water. The spring is shaded by thick trees; in the face of the rock over the pool into which the water rises, some rough recesses have been cut, in which to place votive offerings to the god of the fountain. The spring may be reached from the village by fording the stream, or by crossing a kûanal bridge a short distance to the north of it. Arhpal contains about 12 families, including a krimkash, or silk-worm rearer, a carpenter, a blacksmith, and a gardener. A government flatûrie is being built in the village, but at present silk-worms are not reared in any great numbers in this neighbourhood.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Aripal+192123/@34.0170778,75.0694728,783m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e223e5eb7e3afd:0xbeba8e1ffa6e2e20!8m2!3d34.0175364!4d75.0713355!16s%2Fg%2F11jlwbm30z?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 34.016667, "source_longitude": 75.116667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 1'. Long. 75° 7'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_status": "strong", "match_score": 92, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "spring", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village which lies on the western side of the Trâl valley" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "It is very prettily situated on the left bank of a mountain stream, which seems here to be called the Chulabal nala, and which flows past the village in numerous channels." }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "On the right bank of the stream, to the west of the village, is a remarkable spring of pure cold water, which is an object of great veneration to Hindûs." }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "The spring may be reached from the village by fording the stream, or by crossing a kûanal bridge a short distance to the north of it." } ], "feature_notes": "The entry describes Arhpal as a village on a stream with a notable spring and a nearby bridge.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "arigam", "historical_name": "ARIGAM", "modern_name": "Arigam", "pdf_page": 126, "pdf_viewer_page": 140, "latitude": 33.9287408, "longitude": 74.688345, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=3962231421385418996&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Arigam 191111. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "Called also Yarigam. A small village in Púnch, situated on the steep slopes of the hill, in a narrow valley to the west of the Tosha Maidan pass, above the right bank of the Dali Nar stream, about 21 miles north-east of Púnch by a fair path. But few trees grow in the vicinity of the village, and dry crops are alone cultivated. On the slopes of the mountains above the village are numerous doks and pasture lands. It contains about 25 houses, six being those of Gójars; the remainder are inhabited by Kashmiri Mohamedans. Coolies and some supplies procurable.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=3962231421385418996&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.85, "source_longitude": 74.383333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 51'. Long. 74° 23'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJf2FAjmKT4TgR9KiRJXys_DY", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A small village in Púnch, situated on the steep slopes of the hill... Contains about 25 houses..." } ], "feature_notes": "Entry is identified as a small village.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "arihel", "historical_name": "ARIHEL", "modern_name": "Arihal", "pdf_page": 126, "pdf_viewer_page": 140, "latitude": 33.811916, "longitude": 74.8914438, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arihal", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=112652697525489387&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Arihal 192302. Score 100; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A large village in the Shukrá pargana, of which it is the tehsil. It is situated in the valley north-east of Shupian, on a branch from the Rembiára river.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=112652697525489387&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.816667, "source_longitude": 74.933333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 49'. Long. 74° 56'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJDccFUMf24TgR6w7_Egg5kAE", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 100, "match_distance_km": 3.9058599129082756, "wikipedia_title": "Arihal", "wikipedia_match_score": 110, "wikipedia_match_distance_km": 49.8153962592853, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A large village in the Shukrá pargana..." } ], "feature_notes": "Entry is a large village and tehsil of the pargana.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "aripanthan", "historical_name": "ARIPANTHAN", "modern_name": "Aripanthan", "pdf_page": 126, "pdf_viewer_page": 140, "latitude": 34.0587189, "longitude": 74.5781408, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=10937160222442532981&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch: Historical Aripanthan aligns with modern Aripanthan/Aripathan in Budgam; same SW Kashmir valley setting near Magam/Beerwah and existing Google candidate retained.", "blurb": "This village is situated at the foot of the wudar or table-land just west of the Baba Hanat-ú-dín hill. It is divided into two separate mahallas or districts, of which that to the west is the largest, containing about 130 houses; in the eastern division there are about 20 houses; the inhabitants are all zemindars, and include a carpenter and a potter. The road from Makaháma to Drang passes up between the two divisions of the village. Rice is extensively cultivated on the plain below the village, and dry crops, including a little cotton, on the table-land above.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=10937160222442532981&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.066667, "source_longitude": 74.616667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 4'. Long. 74° 37'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ89eD87Si4TgRdTA4VkaZyJc", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 94, "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "This village is situated at the foot of the wudar or table-land... divided into two separate mahallas or districts." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "The road from Makaháma to Drang passes up between the two divisions of the village." } ], "feature_notes": "Village split by road passing through it.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "arnas", "historical_name": "ARNAS", "modern_name": "Arnas", "pdf_page": 126, "pdf_viewer_page": 140, "latitude": 33.1845244, "longitude": 74.8243939, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=3127700123584262856&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch: Historical Arnas aligns with modern Arnas in Reasi district on/near the Chenab north of Reasi; existing Google candidate retained.", "blurb": "A village on the right bank of the Chenáb, close to the confluence of the Ans, and about 9 miles due north of Riasi. The river, which is here about 200 yards wide, is crossed in a boat. Arnas lies on the way to Kúri, which is four marches distant. Vigne remarks that this is the only way by which cannon on wheels could have a chance of passing into Kashmir without making a road on purpose for them!", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=3127700123584262856&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.183333, "source_longitude": 74.866667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 11'. Long. 74° 52'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ39v1pONyHjkRyHIv7rDSZys", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 94, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village on the right bank of the Chenáb..." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "The river, which is here about 200 yards wide, is crossed in a boat." }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "The river... is crossed in a boat." } ], "feature_notes": "Village beside a river, with a boat crossing (ferry).", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "aro", "historical_name": "ARO", "modern_name": "Aro", "pdf_page": 126, "pdf_viewer_page": 140, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The site of a village on the left bank of the Lidar, north-west of Palgám, now deserted.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.083333, "source_longitude": 75.316667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 5'. Long. 75° 19'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Village. The site of a village on the left bank of the Lidar, north-west of Palgám, now deserted." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "arpat", "historical_name": "ARPAT", "modern_name": "Arpat", "pdf_page": 126, "pdf_viewer_page": 140, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This river, which is one of the head waters of the Jhelam, takes its rise in the Hairbal Ki Galli, in lat. 33° 50', long. 75° 28', and flows in a south-westerly directi[on] through the Kuthár pargana, receiving by its left bank a considerable stream near the village of Rishpira; it joins the Jhelam near Islamabad. Throughout the greater part of its course the Arpat is fordable; it is also crossed by numerous bridges, the largest of which is just south of Islamabad, on the road to Vernág.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "\"direction\" fixed from obvious OCR break.", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "he Jhelam, takes its rise in the Hairbal Ki Galli, in lat. 33° 50', long. 75° 28', and flows in a south-westerly di" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ARPAT. Arpat. Village. This river, which is one of the head waters of the Jhelam, takes its rise in" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "the greater part of its course the Arpat is fordable; it is also crossed by numerous bridges, the largest of which is" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "of which is just south of Islamabad, on the road to Vernág." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "arrah", "historical_name": "ARRAH", "modern_name": "Arrah", "pdf_page": 126, "pdf_viewer_page": 140, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A river which takes its rise in the Mar Sar, a tarn situated among the mountains forming the southern boundary of the Sind valley, lat. 34° 9', long. 75° 10'; after a course of about 20 miles from east to west it empties itself into the Dal or City lake.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "city" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "city", "quote": "t to west it empties itself into the Dal or City lake." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "arway", "historical_name": "ARWAY", "modern_name": "Arway", "pdf_page": 127, "pdf_viewer_page": 141, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A pargana in Miraj, included in the Shahir-i-kas zillah; it is a very small district, and has no separate tehsil.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "Defaulted to village because no explicit feature evidence was found." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ashar", "historical_name": "ASHAR", "modern_name": "Ashar", "pdf_page": 127, "pdf_viewer_page": 141, "latitude": 33.4719898, "longitude": 75.182992, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=4726779252079060351&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Ashar, 182146. Score 122; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A considerable village situated on the slope on the western side of the Banihal valley, about a mile west of Seril. The village is well-wooded, and there is much cultivation about it. Some few of the houses have pent roofs. Like all the other villages in the Banihal valley, the inhabitants are almost without exception Mahomedans.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=4726779252079060351&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.466667, "source_longitude": 75.216667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 28'. Long. 75° 13'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJMfFIAVzwHTkRf-Xbq6_kmEE", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 122, "match_distance_km": 3.179162564088805, "features": [ "village", "forest" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A considerable village situated on the slope on the western side of the Banihal valley..." }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "The village is well-wooded..." } ], "feature_notes": "Village with extensive woodland (forest presence).", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ashdari", "historical_name": "ASHDARI", "modern_name": "Ashdari", "pdf_page": 127, "pdf_viewer_page": 141, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village on the right bank of the Chenab, about 3 miles from the boundary between Kishtwar and Chamba. Ashdari lies on the road from Kishtwar to Lahaul. Coolies and some supplies are procurable. (Allgood—Mackay.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.166667, "source_longitude": 76.333333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 10'. Long. 76° 20'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "dari. Village. A small village on the right bank of the Chenab, about 3 miles from the boundary between Kishtwar a" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "en Kishtwar and Chamba. Ashdari lies on the road from Kishtwar to Lahaul. Coolies and some supplies are procurable" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ashkot", "historical_name": "ASHKOT", "modern_name": "Ashkot Neelum valley", "pdf_page": 127, "pdf_viewer_page": 141, "latitude": 34.4848193, "longitude": 73.8285019, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=14754860066038053873&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 candidate batch: Historical Ashkot is a Lower Drawar village along the left bank of the Kishen Ganga; modern Ashkot in Neelum Valley preserves the name and river-valley setting. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A village in lower Drawar, which stretches for a considerable distance along the left bank of the Kishen Ganga river. The inhabitants are all Gujars and Paharis, and include a blacksmith, a carpenter, and a leather worker. There are about 30 houses in all, in the village, and also some mills. Both rice and dry crops are cultivated.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=14754860066038053873&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.483333, "source_longitude": 73.883333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 29'. Long. 73° 53'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJe4CPb6a_4DgR8XvLMg7Lw8w", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 68, "match_distance_km": 5.028324285015498, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in lower Drawar" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "which stretches for a considerable distance along the left bank of the Kishen Ganga river" } ], "feature_notes": "The village extends along the river bank.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "aso", "historical_name": "ASO", "modern_name": "Aso", "pdf_page": 127, "pdf_viewer_page": 141, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Basoli district, situated on the left bank of the Siowa river, on the path leading to Badrawar over the Chatardhar pass; it consists of a row of dirty huts, with a few walnut trees about them.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.733333, "source_longitude": 75.866667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 44'. Long. 75° 52'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ath leading to Badrawar over the Chatardhar pass; it consists of a row of dirty huts, with a few walnut trees abou" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "n the Basoli district, situated on the left bank of the Siowa river, on the path leading to Badrawar over the Chat" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "on the left bank of the Siowa river, on the path leading to Badrawar over the Chatardhar pass; it consists of a ro" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "astan-marg", "historical_name": "ASTAN MARG", "modern_name": "Astanmarg", "pdf_page": 127, "pdf_viewer_page": 141, "latitude": 34.1904887, "longitude": 74.9040698, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=27499723602196723&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Astanmarg, 191121. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "An elevated plain to the north of the Lidar valley, enclosed by lofty mountains, and above the region of forest. The path by which the pilgrims return annually from Amrnath passes through this desolate valley. (Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=27499723602196723&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.1, "source_longitude": 75.5, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 6'. Long. 75° 30'.", "admin_status": "Pass / route", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJG64YXTSB4TgR8_i6WNqyYQA", "finalized": false, "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "features": [ "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "admin_status: Pass / route" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "An elevated plain to the north of the Lidar valley, enclosed by lofty mountains, and above the region of forest. The" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ASTAN MARG. Astanmarg. Pass / route. An elevated plain to the north of the Lidar valley, enclosed by" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "athur", "historical_name": "ATHUR", "modern_name": "Athur", "pdf_page": 127, "pdf_viewer_page": 141, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the stream, towards the northern end of the Nowbug valley, about 5 miles north-east of the village of Nowbug; it contains about nine families, four being zemindars and five Gujars.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.683333, "source_longitude": 75.45, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 41'. Long. 75° 27'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ur. Village. A village situated on the left bank of the stream, towards the northern end of the Nowbug valley, abo" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "atooli", "historical_name": "ATOOLI", "modern_name": "Atholi, Paddar", "pdf_page": 127, "pdf_viewer_page": 141, "latitude": 33.315, "longitude": 76.388, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atholi", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Atholi%20Paddar%20Kishtwar", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Atooli is opposite Gulabgarh at the junction of the Botna/Paddar stream and Chenab; this matches modern Atholi in Paddar.", "blurb": "This village is situated on the left bank of the Chandra Bhaga or Chenab, opposite the Golab Garh Fort and the junction of the Botna or Pader stream; it lies on the path from Kishtwar towards Lahaul. A few years ago there was a wooden bridge below the village over the Chenab, which was practicable for horses; this has been replaced by a rope suspension bridge. Coolies and some supplies procurable. (Allgood—Mackay.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Atholi%20Paddar%20Kishtwar", "source_latitude": 33.266667, "source_longitude": 76.216667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 16'. Long. 76° 13'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "strong", "reviewed_at": "2026-06-04 manual disambiguation batch 10", "features": [ "village", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "google_place_id": "ChIJ97jk22w8HTkR6jiTdwtsiLc", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "This village is situated on the left bank of the Chandra Bhaga or Chenab." }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "...there was a wooden bridge below the village... this has been replaced by a rope suspension bridge." } ], "feature_notes": "Village beside river with named wooden then suspension bridge.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "atsun", "historical_name": "ATSUN", "modern_name": "Atsun", "pdf_page": 127, "pdf_viewer_page": 141, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a pargana in Miraj, included in the Shahir-i-khas zillah; it lies on the right bank of the Jhelam, to the south-west of the Anchar lake; the tehsil is at Bagwanpura.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Lake / spring / water site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: Lake / spring / water site" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "ATSUN. Atsun. Lake / spring / water site. The name of a pargana in Miraj, included in the Sha" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "atwat", "historical_name": "ATWAT", "modern_name": "Atwat", "pdf_page": 127, "pdf_viewer_page": 141, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Khuihama pargana, situated on the right bank of the Bandipira nala; it lies on the footpath between Bandipira and Gurais.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.483333, "source_longitude": 74.766667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 29'. Long. 74° 46'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the Khuihama pargana, situated on the right bank of the Bandipira nala; it lies on the footpath between Bandipira" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "awantipur", "historical_name": "AWANTIPUR", "modern_name": "Awantipora", "pdf_page": 128, "pdf_viewer_page": 142, "latitude": 33.9232602, "longitude": 75.012846, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awantipora", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8618382744062750883&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Awantipora 192122. Score 100; review before marking final.", "blurb": "This village, which occupies the site of one of the most famous of the ancient capitals of Kashmir, lies on the right bank of the Jhelam, midway between Islamabad and Srinagar. The village is situated at a bend of the river, on the right bank of a little stream. The houses are scattered over the bare and parched plain at the foot of the Wastarwan mountain, a rocky hill which rises to a considerable height above the village. Awantipur is distant 18 miles by land from Srinagar; the journey by boat occupies about 15 hours. Bij-Béhára is 9 miles by land above Awantipur, or 10 hours' journey by boat. Islamabad lies 17 miles to the south-east by road.\n\nTrál is about 6 miles to the east by a fair path, and Pa Yech about the same distance to the south-west by a good road from the left bank of the Jhelam, which is crossed by a ferry. Including the neighbouring village of Boo, Awantipur contains about 40 houses, the inhabitants being all Mohamedans, and of the following occupations: three potters, ten horse-keepers, a carpenter, an oilman, a bunia, baker, milkman, cow-keeper, a leather-worker, and five boatmen in charge of the ferry. The rest of the residents are zemindars, and there are also a number of fishermen. Near the bank of the river is a very ancient mosque, now unused, which is built of alternate layers of hewn timber and stone.\n\nOutside the wood-work is much decayed, but inside it is in fair preservation, especially the roof, which is designed with great taste; it is said to have been built by the same architect that planned the Jamma Masjid at Srinagar. West of the village is the famous ziarát of Syud Hussein Muntaki, who is asserted to have married a daughter of King Badshah and to have lived and died here. The ancient capital of Awantipur was called after its founder, the famous King Avanti-varmma, who reigned from A. D. 854 to 883.\n\nThe whole neighbourhood is strewn with ruins, but the only traces that remain of its former greatness are the two temples which he founded, one before his accession to the throne, the other and larger one subsequently. Both were dedicated to Mahadeva, the former under the title of Avanti-Swami, the latter under that of Avantiswara. These two temples are situated on the bank of the river, one at Awantipur, and the other about three-quarters of a mile to the north, near the village of Jaubior.\n\nThey are now shapeless masses of ruins, but the gateways of both are standing, and the colonnade of the smaller temple, which had been completely buried under ground, has recently been partially excavated. The style corresponds with that of the Martand quadrangle; but the semi-attached pillars of the arched recesses are enriched with elaborate carvings of very varied character, while the large detached columns are somewhat less elegantly proportioned.\n\nThe writer in the Calcutta Review, from whose description the above account has been extracted, is of opinion that the silting up of the Awantipur quadrangle can only be explained by the supposition that all the Kashmiri temples were originally surrounded by artificial lakes. Forster, who visited Awantipur in May 1783, calls the place Bhyteepoor.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8618382744062750883", "source_latitude": 33.916667, "source_longitude": 75.05, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 55'. Long. 75° 3'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJo3bM23Qf4jgRo3A3jnGlmnc", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 100, "match_distance_km": 3.3796895478604037, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "religious_site", "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "This village... lies on the right bank of the Jhelam... The houses are scattered over the bare and parched plain." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Situated at a bend of the river, on the right bank of a little stream." }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "Near the bank of the river is a very ancient mosque... Outside the wood-work is much decayed, but inside it is in fair preservation." }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "The whole neighbourhood is strewn with ruins... The only traces... are the two temples... They are now shapeless masses of ruins, but the gateways... are standing." }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "...crossed by a ferry." } ], "feature_notes": "Village with ancient mosque (still preserved), archaeological ruins of old temples, located by river and served by ferry crossing.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "awatkula", "historical_name": "AWATKULA", "modern_name": "Awatkula", "pdf_page": 128, "pdf_viewer_page": 142, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village in the Uttar pargana, on the left bank of the Pohru river, about 20 hours' journey by boat from the village of Dubgao, on the Jhelam; the river, however, is only navigable as high up as this point at certain", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.45, "source_longitude": 74.333333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 27'. Long. 74° 20'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "Continuation not found in next page top_continuation.", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "e village in the Uttar pargana, on the left bank of the Pohru river, about 20 hours' journey by boat from the vill" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "baba-hanaf-u-d-n", "historical_name": "BABA HANAF-U-DÎN", "modern_name": "Baba Hanaf-U-Dîn", "pdf_page": 129, "pdf_viewer_page": 143, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A hog-backed hill, which forms a conspicuous object in the level of the valley of Kashmír. It is situated at the edge of a low table-land on the south-west side of the valley, about 10 miles west of Srinagar. The hill lies east and west, the sides are bare, and on the north very steep, and deeply scored with rain channels. The shrine of Baba Hanaf-ú-dîn is on the summit, surrounded by a clump of trees; there is little to repay an ascent, excepting the advantages which the elevation offers with reference to a survey of the surrounding country.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.05, "source_longitude": 74.65, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 3'. Long. 74° 39'. Elev. 6,042 feet.", "admin_status": "Shrine / sacred site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "religious_site", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "admin_status: Shrine / sacred site" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ms a conspicuous object in the level of the valley of Kashmír. It is situated at the edge of a low table-land on the" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "baba-kaim-u-d-n", "historical_name": "BABA KAIM-U-DÎN", "modern_name": "Baba Kaim-U-Dîn", "pdf_page": 129, "pdf_viewer_page": 143, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The Zíarat or shrine of Baba Kaim-ú-dín is very picturesquely situated on the summit of a hillock, in the midst of the fine forest to the west of Kúrí, some distance from the right bank of the Veshaít.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.616667, "source_longitude": 74.9, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 37'. Long. 74° 54'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Shrine / sacred site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "religious_site", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "admin_status: Shrine / sacred site" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "west of Kúrí, some distance from the right bank of the Veshaít." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "baba-khipura", "historical_name": "BABA KHIPURA", "modern_name": "Baba Khipura", "pdf_page": 129, "pdf_viewer_page": 143, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Bangíl pargana, south of the Chandarsír hill, adjoining Mohúmpúr, with which it is included.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.116667, "source_longitude": 74.516667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 7'. Long. 74° 31'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "babor", "historical_name": "BABOR", "modern_name": "Babor", "pdf_page": 129, "pdf_viewer_page": 143, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated 3 koss east of Doda, on the path towards Kishtwár; it lies some distance above the right bank of the Chenáb, just to the east of a very violent torrent; a single frail spar is the only bridge thrown across the gulph. (Hervey.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.15, "source_longitude": 75.633333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 9'. Long. 75° 38'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "twár; it lies some distance above the right bank of the Chenáb, just to the east of a very violent torrent; a sing" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "nt torrent; a single frail spar is the only bridge thrown across the gulph. (Hervey.)" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "illage situated 3 koss east of Doda, on the path towards Kishtwár; it lies some distance above the right bank of t" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "badar", "historical_name": "BADAR", "modern_name": "AL BADAR MASJID SITEN", "pdf_page": 129, "pdf_viewer_page": 143, "latitude": 33.6728302, "longitude": 74.899291, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=7425891926714078776&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: NH 444, Dangam, 192231. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village situated some distance from the right bank of the Golábgarh stream, on the pony road from Golábgarh fort towards Búdíl. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=7425891926714078776&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.383333, "source_longitude": 74.883333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 23'. Long. 74° 53'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ4ZzNSQD54TgRONY7AF0RDmc", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": 32.22458772976694, "features": [ "fort", "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "BADAR MASJID SITEN. Fort / historic site. A village situated some distance from the right bank of the Golábgarh strea" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "BADAR. AL BADAR MASJID SITEN. Fort / historic site. A village situated some distance fro" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "llage situated some distance from the right bank of the Golábgarh stream, on the pony road from Golábgarh fort tow" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "right bank of the Golábgarh stream, on the pony road from Golábgarh fort towards Búdíl. (Montgomerie.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "baderakal", "historical_name": "BADERAKAL", "modern_name": "Baderakal", "pdf_page": 129, "pdf_viewer_page": 143, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A place of Hindú worship in the parganas of Mochipúra. It is simply a collection of four or five large stones, a Stonehenge in miniature, near a spring in the middle of the forest. (Vigne.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.4, "source_longitude": 74.3, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 24'. Long. 74° 18'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Lake / spring / water site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: Lake / spring / water site" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "BADERAKAL. Baderakal. Lake / spring / water site. A place of Hindú worship in the parganas of Mochipú" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "badjaran", "historical_name": "BADJARAN", "modern_name": "Badjaran", "pdf_page": 129, "pdf_viewer_page": 143, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated about 6 miles north-west of Doda, lying on the spur, some distance above the path to Buglí. There is a Hindú temple in the village, and 12 houses, most of which are built of brick; the inhabitants are principally Hindús.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.166667, "source_longitude": 75.533333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 10'. Long. 75° 32'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "e above the path to Buglí. There is a Hindú temple in the village, and 12 houses, most of which are built of brick;" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "lying on the spur, some distance above the path to Buglí. There is a Hindú temple in the village, and 12 houses," } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "badkhol", "historical_name": "BADKHOL", "modern_name": "Badkhol", "pdf_page": 129, "pdf_viewer_page": 143, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This torrent drains the Búranambal valley, to the west of the Uttar pargana, and joining the Rangwari and Bangas streams, in lat. 34° 27', long. 74° 2', forms the Kamil river. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "badran", "historical_name": "BADRAN", "modern_name": "Badran", "pdf_page": 129, "pdf_viewer_page": 143, "latitude": 34.0756009, "longitude": 74.5749819, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badran,_Jammu_and_Kashmir", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=5790634523979531270&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch: Historical Badran aligns with modern Badran in Budgam; Wikipedia and Google candidate both support the modern name/location near the Sukhnag/Budgam area.", "blurb": "A village lying some little distance from the left bank of the Suknág river, which is crossed by a kadal bridge just to the east of the village. All the inhabitants are Mohamedans, and number 20 families of zemindars, a mulla, a leather-worker, a potter, and a watchman.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=5790634523979531270&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.083333, "source_longitude": 74.616667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat 34° 5'. Long 74° 37' Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "Entry cuts off at page bottom.", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJOUYBQryi4TgRBsTpYWt3XFA", "finalized": true, "wikipedia_title": "Badran, Jammu and Kashmir", "wikipedia_match_score": 125, "wikipedia_match_distance_km": 1.153631424842245, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 95, "features": [ "village", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village lying some little distance from the left bank of the Suknág river" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "which is crossed by a kadal bridge just to the east of the village" } ], "feature_notes": "The entry is primarily a village with a bridge located just east of it over the river.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "badraw-r", "historical_name": "BADRAWÁR", "modern_name": "Bhaderwah", "pdf_page": 130, "pdf_viewer_page": 144, "latitude": 32.9796, "longitude": 75.7178, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhaderwah", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Bhaderwah%2C%20Doda%2C%20Jammu%20and%20Kashmir", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A province lying to the south-east of the territories of His Highness the Maharajah of Kashmír, where they abut on the state of Chamba. It is a very mountainous district, and consequent on the difficulties of the passes, and of the passage of the Chandra Bhága river, which flows to the north, it is not traversed by any important or much frequented routes. The drainage of the district flows into the Chandra Bhága, the principal channels by which it is absorbed being the Karney Gad and Kar Gad streams, whose united waters flow into that river near the Zunglwar valley, and the Nerú river, which joins it almost opposite Doda. The valleys of Badrawár are exceedingly fruitful, producing rice in large quantities, beyond the requirements of the inhabitants; the surplus is exported to less favoured districts. The tobacco grown in this district is highly esteemed, and likewise finds its way in small quantities to the neighbouring local markets. The fruit of Badrawár is said to rival in excellence that grown in the valley of Kashmír; honey is plentiful, and of a superior flavor. Iron is found in places on the mountains forming the southern boundary of the province; the ore is smelted in the villages on the north side of the Padri pass. Vigne describes this district as a famous place for the capture of hawks; they are taken in nets set open like a school boy’s sparrow trap, and baited with a live pigeon. In the valleys a species of holly (krusus) is very abundant, and is used as fodder for goats; it is doubtful if it ever produces red berries. The manner of preserving hay seems peculiar to this district, and differs from that practised in Kashmír: a double row of poles are fixed in the ground, usually under the protection of trees; between these poles the hay is built up into a wall about 20 feet high; a cross pole running along the top supports a narrow roof over the stack, which is generally about 20 feet long and 2 broad. The valleys are thickly studded with villages, and the hedgerows and more open country about them have been likened to a cultivated and hilly district in England. The houses are generally low single-storied buildings of mud and timber, a large stone with a hole in it, or a ghurra fixed on the flat roof, supplying the place of a chimney; a few of the better sort of houses are double-storied, and have pent roofs, but such dwellings are not common. This district seems to experience a rainfall similar to that of the Panjáb, but in the month of May, thunderstorms, accompanied by heavy showers of rain, are of frequent occurrence, and the atmospheric disturbance often continues for many days. The inhabitants of this Alpine Panjáb are generally Hindús; they are a well made and active race, shorter and stouter than the inhabitants of the plains, handsomer in their features, lighter in complexion, and milder and more obliging in their manners. Their language, which is a patois, or dialect of Hindustani, varies very considerably in different localities.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "strong", "geocode_source": "manual web review", "review_note": "Historical Badrawar/Badrawár province corresponds to the Bhaderwah/Bhadarwah hill principality and region adjoining Chamba; pinned to modern Bhaderwah town as the present-day anchor for the region.", "reviewed_at": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 9", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "the villages on the north side of the Padri pass. Vigne describes this district as a famous place for the capture" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "es, and of the passage of the Chandra Bhága river, which flows to the north, it is not traversed by any important o" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "badraw-r-2", "historical_name": "BADRAWĀR", "modern_name": "Bhaderwah", "pdf_page": 131, "pdf_viewer_page": 145, "latitude": 32.98, "longitude": 75.7153, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhaderwah", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Bhaderwah%2C%20Doda%2C%20Jammu%20and%20Kashmir", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual research: BADRAWAR/Bhadarwah mapped to modern Bhaderwah, a town and tehsil in Doda district. Coordinates corrected from the earlier Bhadra candidate.", "blurb": "The chief town in the province of the same name is situated in a beautiful and highly cultivated valley, lying about a quarter of a mile to the west of the left bank of the Nerū river, which flows beneath the town in a deep channel between high banks strewn with large boulders; it is crossed by two kadal bridges, one to the north-east of the town, below the village of Harīpur, and the other to the south-east, on the path leading to the village of Dredja; the river may also be forded in places. Badrawār is distant 103 miles north-east of Jamū, 46 miles south of Kishtwār, 60 miles north-west of Chamba, and 65 miles north of Basaoli. There are over 400 houses in the town, 200 being inhabited by Hindūs; there are also 60 Hindū shop-keepers in the bāzār, and 50 shāl-bāfs, besides 160 other Mohammedan families; there are said to be about 400 looms, but of this number only about half are in work. The houses are built of undressed stones and mud, connected by layers of timber, and are generally single-storied, with flat roofs; a few of the better sort are double-storied, and have pent roofs. The streets are roughly paved with stones, and are uneven and dirty. Supplies are cheap and plentiful, rice being exported in considerable quantities. There are said to be seven springs in the town, which is also abundantly supplied with water by a channel flowing from the Nerū river, from the neighbourhood of the village of Monda. The shawls manufactured in Badrawār are of a coarse description; the shāl-bāfs, however, enjoy considerable freedom, and their earnings average four and a half rupees per mensem (British currency). Vigne states that the town is celebrated for the manufacture of very prettily carved combs, cut from the wood of the byr-apple, or jujube.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=473257160069093878", "source_latitude": 32.983333, "source_longitude": 75.75, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 59'. Long. 75° 45'. Elev. 5,427 feet.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJZfkIONK6HTkR9hlUMeFYkQY", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 96, "match_distance_km": 29.77085877613646, "features": [ "town", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "The chief town in the province of the same name" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "lying about a quarter of a mile to the west of the left bank of the Nerū river" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "it is crossed by two kadal bridges" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "There are said to be seven springs in the town" } ], "feature_notes": "Badrawār is identified as the chief town, situated next to a river with two bridges crossing it and multiple springs within.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bagh", "historical_name": "BAGH", "modern_name": "Bagh", "pdf_page": 132, "pdf_viewer_page": 146, "latitude": 34.4, "longitude": 73.933333, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=34.4,73.933333", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Manually confirmed for display at the coordinates printed with this Karnao-valley entry in the 1871 gazetteer. This is distinct from the Poonch Bagh entry.", "blurb": "A village in the Karnao valley, situated in a clump of walnut trees on the left bank of the Shamsahaharri steam, about 2 miles east of the fort. It contains eight houses, inhabited by Gújars. On the path opposite the village, on the right bank of the stream, is a bunnia’s shop.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=34.4,73.933333", "source_latitude": 34.4, "source_longitude": 73.933333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 24'. Long. 73° 56'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": true, "finalized": true, "match_status": "confirmed", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "fort", "village", "garden", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "BAGH. Bagh. Fort / historic site. A village in the Karnao valley, situated in a clump of walnut trees on the" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "BAGH. Bagh. Fort / historic site. A village in the Karnao valley, situ" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "rt / historic site. A village in the Karnao valley, situated in a clump of walnut trees on the left bank of the Sham" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "s eight houses, inhabited by Gújars. On the path opposite the village, on the right bank of the stream, is a bunni" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bagh-2", "historical_name": "BAGH", "modern_name": "Bagh", "pdf_page": 132, "pdf_viewer_page": 146, "latitude": 33.9735, "longitude": 73.7918, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagh,_Azad_Kashmir", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=7414756054439768228&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Bagh. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village in Pínch, situated near the junction of the Ramkot and Malwan streams; it lies on one of the paths from Pínch to Mari.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=7414756054439768228", "source_latitude": 33.983333, "source_longitude": 73.833333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 59'. Long 73° 50'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJR2vEhk9m4DgRpDAPsViB5mY", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in Pínch" } ], "feature_notes": "No other features are described for Bagh, only its location and village status.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "baghobal", "historical_name": "BAGHOBAL", "modern_name": "Baghobal", "pdf_page": 132, "pdf_viewer_page": 146, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Diosir pargana, situated about half a mile east of Kúri, just south of the path to Hanjipúr.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.616667, "source_longitude": 74.933333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 37'. Long. 74° 56'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "half a mile east of Kúri, just south of the path to Hanjipúr." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bagni", "historical_name": "BAGNI", "modern_name": "Bagni", "pdf_page": 132, "pdf_viewer_page": 146, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Kishtwár, situated on the slope of the mountain above the left bank of the Chandra Bhága, about 12 miles north-east of Kishtwár, on the path towards Lahaul. Bagni is a small village, and but scanty supplies are obtainable, and a few coolies. Water and fuel abundant. (Allgood—Mackay.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.35, "source_longitude": 75.916667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 21'. Long. 75° 55'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "on the slope of the mountain above the left bank of the Chandra Bhága, about 12 miles north-east of Kishtwár, on t" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "out 12 miles north-east of Kishtwár, on the path towards Lahaul. Bagni is a small village, and but scanty supplies" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bagu", "historical_name": "BAGU", "modern_name": "Bagu", "pdf_page": 132, "pdf_viewer_page": 146, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village lying in the valley above the left bank of the Lider Khol stream, about seven miles north-west of Doda, on the path to Kashmir by the Brári Bal pass. It contains about 45 houses, most of which are clustered in the village itself, the remainder being scattered in the fields around it; with one exception the houses are all single-storied, built of mud in timber frames, with flat roofs; the double-storied house, which is the largest, is inhabited by the lambardar, Sūfa, a son-in-law of the vazir Lalji. A Kashmīrī pandit resides in the village; the rest of the population are about equally divided between Hindūs and Mohamedans. There is a considerable amount of cultivation about the village, which is well supplied with water from a rill which flows down through it from the hill side to the east; there is also a spring to the north. In the middle of the village, by the path just above it, is a fine chunar tree, beneath which is a takhtposh and a small Hindu temple; the usual encamping ground is close to this tree; it is very confined, but well shaded. Coolies and supplies are procurable.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.166667, "source_longitude": 75.516667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 10'. Long. 75° 31'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "serai", "religious_site", "pass", "river_or_lake", "spring", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "khtposh and a small Hindu temple; the usual encamping ground is close to this tree; it is very confined, but well shaded. Cool" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "eath which is a takhtposh and a small Hindu temple; the usual encamping ground is close to this tree; it is very con" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "da, on the path to Kashmir by the Brári Bal pass. It contains about 45 houses, most of which are clustered in the" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "BAGU. Bagu. Village. A village lying in the valley above the left bank of the Lider Khol stream, about seven miles n" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "the hill side to the east; there is also a spring to the north. In the middle of the village, by the path just abov" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bahadurkot", "historical_name": "BAHADURKOT", "modern_name": "Bahadurkot", "pdf_page": 133, "pdf_viewer_page": 147, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Karnao district, situated on a sloping shelf of the mountains, which drops abruptly into the Kaji Nag stream by its left bank. It is divided from Ekbot on the north by a deep ravine, a similar ravine running to the south of it. Below the village is a kadal over the stream, called the Sherole bridge. There are 16 houses in the village, inhabited by Mohamedan zemindars of the Kokur and Gingeri castes.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.366667, "source_longitude": 73.833333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 22'. Long. 73° 50'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "spring", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "untains, which drops abruptly into the Kaji Nag stream by its left bank. It is divided from Ekbot on the north by" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "untains, which drops abruptly into the Kaji Nag stream by its left bank. It is divided from Ekbot on the north by" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "to the south of it. Below the village is a kadal over the stream, called the Sherole bridge. There are 16 houses i" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bailah", "historical_name": "BAILAH", "modern_name": "Baila", "pdf_page": 133, "pdf_viewer_page": 147, "latitude": 33.7426473, "longitude": 74.2678169, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2739134208101574051&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Baila. Score 102; review before marking final.", "blurb": "This village, which is situated on the left bank of the stream, about 11 miles north-east of Punch, contains about 40 houses, and is inhabited exclusively by Mohamedans.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2739134208101574051&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.783333, "source_longitude": 74.283333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 47'. Long. 74° 17'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJRzphtmPM4TgRo-UDugxcAyY", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 102, "match_distance_km": 4.74597325394776, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "This village, which is situated on the left bank of the stream" } ], "feature_notes": "The entry is clearly a village on the stream bank, no other features described.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bailheran", "historical_name": "BAILHERAN", "modern_name": "Bailheran", "pdf_page": 133, "pdf_viewer_page": 147, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the Sunkig river, at the confluence of a stream just south of the road from Srinagar to Patan. It contains 13 houses, six being inhabited by zemindars and seven by shal-bafs. There is much rice cultivation about the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.133333, "source_longitude": 74.683333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 8'. Long. 74° 41'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "an. Village. A village situated on the left bank of the Sunkig river, at the confluence of a stream just south of" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "he confluence of a stream just south of the road from Srinagar to Patan. It contains 13 houses, six being inhabite" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bainch", "historical_name": "BAINCH", "modern_name": "Bhenchh", "pdf_page": 133, "pdf_viewer_page": 147, "latitude": 33.6926133, "longitude": 74.1297554, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Bhenchh+185101/@33.6926133,74.1297554,6289m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e0324a32a4bb1d:0x20ed18b57be9d30f!8m2!3d33.6813895!4d74.1533563!16s%2Fg%2F12hv1n3v_?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 candidate: Bhenchh is a strong modern-name candidate for Bainch in the Poonch/Haveli context.", "blurb": "A village in the Haveli pargana, situated above the left bank of the Siran river, about 3 miles south-east of Punch. It contains about 20 houses, Mohamedans.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Bhenchh+185101/@33.6926133,74.1297554,6289m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e0324a32a4bb1d:0x20ed18b57be9d30f!8m2!3d33.6813895!4d74.1533563!16s%2Fg%2F12hv1n3v_?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.75, "source_longitude": 74.15, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 45'. Long. 74° 9'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in the Haveli pargana" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "situated above the left bank of the Siran river" } ], "feature_notes": "Features classified by LLM from the gazetteer entry context.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" }, "google_place_id": "ChIJHbukMkoy4DgRD9Ppe7UY7SA" }, { "id": "bairparan", "historical_name": "BAIRPARAN", "modern_name": "Bairparan", "pdf_page": 133, "pdf_viewer_page": 147, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Sind valley, containing about six houses, situated above the path and the right bank of the river, about 2 miles south-west of Gagganpir.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.283333, "source_longitude": 75.233333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 17'. Long. 75° 14'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": ". Bairparan. Village. A village in the Sind valley, containing about six houses, situated above the path and the rig" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "aining about six houses, situated above the path and the right bank of the river, about 2 miles south-west of Gagg" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bakai", "historical_name": "BAKAI", "modern_name": "Bakai", "pdf_page": 133, "pdf_viewer_page": 147, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Jami, situated on the slope of the hill, about a quarter of a mile above the left bank of the Pinkta stream, on the road between Mir and Landra. There is a jhoki of clear cold water in the village, shaded by some fine trees. Bakal contains a mixed population of Mohamedans and Hindus of the Thakur caste.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.116667, "source_longitude": 75.2, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 7'. Long. 75° 12'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "l, about a quarter of a mile above the left bank of the Pinkta stream, on the road between Mir and Landra. There i" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "the left bank of the Pinkta stream, on the road between Mir and Landra. There is a jhoki of clear cold water in t" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "rakthaor-dard-babator", "historical_name": "RAKTHAOR (DARD BABATOR)", "modern_name": "Rakthaor", "pdf_page": 133, "pdf_viewer_page": 147, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Gurais valley, situated on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga river, about 2 miles north of Kanzalwan. It contains 13 houses, inhabited by zemindars, a mula, shepherd, blacksmith, and a butcher. The village stands on a low sloping bank at some little distance from the river, and the rocky and precipitous mountains which rise on the right bank; to the south and west the mountains are clothed with forest, and south and south-east the grassy downs of Burrindat and Yizmar afford splendid pasturage. There is a little cultivation around the village, and the fields stretch for a considerable distance along the bank of the river, on the side of the hill to the north. The village is well supplied with water from the Shalapút stream, which flows just to the south of it, and by the Geshárt, which drains the mountains to the west; two other small streams, the Zebbin Nar and Mukkur Kurt, irrigate the fields to the north. The Kishen Ganga is bridged about 3 miles north of Bakthaor, on the path to Thaobut, and frequently also at the village itself; during the winter months the river can be forded at this point. A track leading to the Mutsil valley lies over the mountain ranges to the west. The most convenient place for encamping is to the south-east of the village, by the kadal bridge over the Shalapút stream, near the ziarat of Baba Daoud Khaki, which is shaded by a clump of willows.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.683333, "source_longitude": 74.716667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 41'. Long. 74° 43'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "l bridge over the Shalapút stream, near the ziarat of Baba Daoud Khaki, which is shaded by a clump of willows." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Rakthaor. Village. A village in the Gurais valley, situated on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga river, about 2 mil" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "is to the south-east of the village, by the kadal bridge over the Shalapút stream, near the ziarat of Baba Daoud Kh" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ged about 3 miles north of Bakthaor, on the path to Thaobut, and frequently also at the village itself; during the" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bal", "historical_name": "BAL", "modern_name": "Bal", "pdf_page": 134, "pdf_viewer_page": 148, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Naoshera district, situated above the right bank of the Rud stream, on the main road between Poni and Rajaoir, about 14 miles west of the former place. (Hügel.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.083333, "source_longitude": 74.483333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 5'. Long. 74° 29'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Naoshera district, situated above the right bank of the Rud stream, on the main road between Poni and Rajaoir, abo" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "e right bank of the Rud stream, on the main road between Poni and Rajaoir, about 14 miles west of the former place" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "balagran", "historical_name": "BALAGRAN", "modern_name": "Balgran", "pdf_page": 134, "pdf_viewer_page": 148, "latitude": 34.44244, "longitude": 73.6904092, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=11060237849229267733&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Balgran. Score 100; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village lying in a narrow grassy valley, some distance above the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river, on the path towards Mozafarabad. Above the village the valley is terraced into numerous fields, and below it rice is extensively cultivated; the fields stretching for a considerable distance westward along the hill side, amid which are a few scattered huts called Mira. Balagran pays an assessment of Rs. 300 (Kashmir currency) annually. The inhabitants number 10 families of Gújars, eight zemindars, among whom are some carpenters, six oil-sellers, who are also zemindars, a barber, a blacksmith, two weavers, and a mulla; there are also three Syuds and four Korashis. During the heat of summer, nearly all the inhabitants betake themselves to the Buttungi Dok, a pasture land on the mountains to the east. There are some shady trees in the village, but the only eligible spot for encamping, which is near the masjid, is very confined. There is a good supply of water from the stream, and also from a spring. Coolies and supplies are generally procurable.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=11060237849229267733&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.433333, "source_longitude": 73.716667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 26'. Long. 73° 43'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJMTX-Y8aX4DgRFROkZrnbfZk", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 100, "match_distance_km": 2.612284142148798, "features": [ "village", "spring", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village lying in a narrow grassy valley" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "and also from a spring" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "a good supply of water from the stream" } ], "feature_notes": "Balgran is a village with a stream flowing by it and a spring providing water supply.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "balah-ma", "historical_name": "BALAHÁMA", "modern_name": "Balhama", "pdf_page": 134, "pdf_viewer_page": 148, "latitude": 34.034103, "longitude": 74.9329241, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Balhama+191101/@34.034103,74.9329241,3132m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e18996a1b2d4a3:0x1058c4795a72ab9c!8m2!3d34.0341039!4d74.9432238!16s%2Fg%2F11h0s9tb3?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 7: Historical Balahama is about 2 miles north-east of Pampore on the saffron/table-land edge; modern Balhama/Balhuma near Pampore matches this setting. Coordinates use published saffron-soil survey points for Balhuma around 34.029, 74.952.", "blurb": "A large village situated on the edge of a wular, about 2 miles north-east of Pampúr. It contains two masjids, and 25 houses inhabited by Mohamedan zemindars, 30 shál-báfs, 3 pandits (Brahmins), a Mohamedan fakir, a mulla, dúm, cow-keeper, milk-seller, a carpenter, and a blacksmith. A stream flows on the east side of the village; under the trees on its banks are some ancient stones carved with representations of the Hindi mythology, and there are said to be others in the temple. On the table-land above the village dry crops are cultivated, and in the valley below it are extensive rice-fields.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Balhama+191101/@34.034103,74.9329241,3132m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e18996a1b2d4a3:0x1058c4795a72ab9c!8m2!3d34.0341039!4d74.9432238!16s%2Fg%2F11h0s9tb3?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 34.033333, "source_longitude": 74.983333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 2'. Long. 74° 59'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_status": "strong", "match_score": 94, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A large village situated on the edge of a wular" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "A stream flows on the east side of the village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "under the trees on its banks are some ancient stones carved with representations of the Hindi mythology, and there are said to be others in the temple" } ], "feature_notes": "The village includes a temple with ancient carved stones on the stream bank.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "balar", "historical_name": "BALAR", "modern_name": "Balar", "pdf_page": 134, "pdf_viewer_page": 148, "latitude": 33.1424, "longitude": 73.7426751, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/33%C2%B008'32.6%22N+73%C2%B044'42.9%22E/@33.1424,73.7426751,791m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m4!3m3!8m2!3d33.1424!4d73.74525?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMi4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Naoshera, lying about 3 miles south of Mirpúr, at the foot of the low ridge, which is crossed by the road to the Gatíala ferry. It is divided into 10 moras or districts, and contains 50 houses in all. There are two reservoirs in the village, there being a scarcity of water in the neighbourhood.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/33%C2%B008'32.6%22N+73%C2%B044'42.9%22E/@33.1424,73.7426751,791m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m4!3m3!8m2!3d33.1424!4d73.74525?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMi4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.166667, "source_longitude": 73.8, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 10'. Long. 73° 48'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in Naoshera" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "lying about 3 miles south of Mirpúr, at the foot of the low ridge" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "It is divided into 10 moras or districts, and contains 50 houses in all. There are two reservoirs in the village" } ], "feature_notes": "Balar is a village with two reservoirs present; note that the reservoirs constitute water bodies.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "balt-l", "historical_name": "BALTÁL", "modern_name": "Baltal", "pdf_page": 134, "pdf_viewer_page": 148, "latitude": 34.2582672, "longitude": 75.415535, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltal,_Jammu_and_Kashmir", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=16484945280868330483&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Baltal 191202. Score 100; review before marking final.", "blurb": "An encamping ground at the foot of the Zoji-la pass, at the eastern extremity of the Sind valley. It lies at the confluence of the stream which flows down from the pass and that which debouches from a gorge to the south, the combined waters forming the Sind river. In the early part of the season the cave of Amrnâth and the Lidar valley may be reached through this gorge, the path lying over the snow drifts, which arch the Panjitarnî stream; but when this covering melts, it becomes a matter of great difficulty to make the passage, the mountains on either side of the narrow gorge through which the torrent flows being rugged and in places almost perpendicular. Wood, water, and forage are obtainable, but no supplies.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=16484945280868330483&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.25, "source_longitude": 75.466667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 15'. Long. 75° 28'.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJwxZ_F-RL4jgR86voV2RKxuQ", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 100, "match_distance_km": 4.788509927000548, "wikipedia_title": "Baltal, Jammu and Kashmir", "wikipedia_match_score": 125, "wikipedia_match_distance_km": 0.14724429075163625, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "mountain" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the combined waters forming the Sind river" }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "the mountains on either side of the narrow gorge through which the torrent flows" } ], "feature_notes": "Baltál is the confluence forming the Sind river at the foot of the Zoji-la mountain pass.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bamay", "historical_name": "BAMAY", "modern_name": "Bomai", "pdf_page": 135, "pdf_viewer_page": 149, "latitude": 34.3641357, "longitude": 74.3838251, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Bomai+193201/@34.3641357,74.3838251,1560m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e105440479d06f:0xf50cae754fde94f4!8m2!3d34.3653952!4d74.3895359!16s%2Fm%2F0_v4v7p?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 8: Historical Bamay is about 7 miles north of Sopore in Zainagir at the foot of the Lolab-separating range; modern Bomai/Bomai Sopore matches the name shift and location.", "blurb": "A large village, situated about 7 miles north of Sopûr, in the Zainagîr pargana, at the foot of the range which separates that pargana from the Lolâb valley.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Bomai+193201/@34.3641357,74.3838251,1560m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e105440479d06f:0xf50cae754fde94f4!8m2!3d34.3653952!4d74.3895359!16s%2Fm%2F0_v4v7p?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 34.366667, "source_longitude": 74.433333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 22'. Long. 74° 26'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_status": "strong", "match_score": 93, "features": [ "village", "mountain" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A large village, situated about 7 miles north of Sopûr" }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "at the foot of the range which separates that pargana from the Lolâb valley" } ], "feature_notes": "Bomai is a large village situated at the foot of a mountain range.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bamun", "historical_name": "BAMUNÛ", "modern_name": "Bamunû", "pdf_page": 135, "pdf_viewer_page": 149, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village of mud-built houses with thatched roofs, about 2 miles south of Pakapûra, on the path between Shupian and Chrâr.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.8, "source_longitude": 74.8, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 48'. Long. 74° 48'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "fs, about 2 miles south of Pakapûra, on the path between Shupian and Chrâr." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "banag-nd", "historical_name": "BANAGÛND", "modern_name": "Banagûnd", "pdf_page": 135, "pdf_viewer_page": 149, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This village consists of two or three huts; it is situated near the left bank of a branch of the Dûdûh Ganga, about 4 miles north of Chrâr.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.9, "source_longitude": 75.3, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 54'. Long. 74° 78'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "or three huts; it is situated near the left bank of a branch of the Dûdûh Ganga, about 4 miles north of Chrâr." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bandakot", "historical_name": "BANDAKOT", "modern_name": "Bandakot", "pdf_page": 135, "pdf_viewer_page": 149, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village near the foot of the pass leading into the Gûrâis valley. It is 41 miles from Bundapûra, on the north shore of the Wular lake, and lies on the banks of a charming rivulet, completely shut in by a high range of mountains. Bandakot was the residence of a Malek, some of whose family were in existence when Vigne visited the place. (Hugel—Vigne).", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.483333, "source_longitude": 74.716667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 29'. Long. 74° 43'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ot. Village. A village near the foot of the pass leading into the Gûrâis valley. It is 41 miles from Bundapûra, on" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "he foot of the pass leading into the Gûrâis valley. It is 41 miles from Bundapûra, on the north shore of the Wular l" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bandapur", "historical_name": "BANDAPUR", "modern_name": "Banderpora, Pulwama", "pdf_page": 135, "pdf_viewer_page": 149, "latitude": 33.966, "longitude": 74.955, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Banderpora%20Pulwama%20Pampore%20Awantipora", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Bandapur is between Awantipura and Pampur on the left bank of the Jhelum; modern Banderpora/Banderpur in the Pampore-Awantipora belt is the likely match.", "blurb": "A village situated at the confluence of a small stream, on the left bank of the Jhelam, between Awantípúr and Pampúr.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.95, "source_longitude": 75.016667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 57'. Long. 75° 1'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "strong", "reviewed_at": "2026-06-04 manual disambiguation batch 10", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Pulwama. Village. A village situated at the confluence of a small stream, on the left bank of the Jhelam, between Awantí" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bandak-t", "historical_name": "BANDAKÛT", "modern_name": "Bhandarkoot", "pdf_page": 135, "pdf_viewer_page": 149, "latitude": 33.333, "longitude": 75.756, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhandarkoot", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Bhandarkoot%2C%20Kishtwar", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the right bank of the Chandra Bhâga, just above the confluence of the Maru Wardwan river. Below the village is a rope-bridge across the Chenâb, on the path to Kishtwâr, which lies about 6 miles to the south. (Hervey).", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.533333, "source_longitude": 75.783333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 32'. Long. 75° 47'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "strong", "geocode_source": "manual web review", "review_note": "Bandakût is described on the Chenab above the Maru-Wardwan confluence and near Kishtwar; this matches modern Bhandarkoot/Bandarkoot on the Kishtwar-Sinthan road.", "reviewed_at": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 9", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "t. Village. A village situated on the right bank of the Chandra Bhâga, just above the confluence of the Maru Wardw" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "Wardwan river. Below the village is a rope-bridge across the Chenâb, on the path to Kishtwâr, which lies about 6 mi" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "is a rope-bridge across the Chenâb, on the path to Kishtwâr, which lies about 6 miles to the south. (Hervey)." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bandergund", "historical_name": "BANDERGUND", "modern_name": "Bande", "pdf_page": 135, "pdf_viewer_page": 149, "latitude": 34.1224699, "longitude": 74.0153231, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=17116601993757463016&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Bande 193123. Score 90; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village situated just south-west of Trigumma, on the right bank of the Kamil. The small branch which leaves the main stream at this village is called the Gretwari. (Montgomerie).", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=17116601993757463016&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.5, "source_longitude": 74.2, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 30'. Long. 74° 12'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ_dOyJDNY4DgR6BGoX9Niiu0", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 90, "match_distance_km": 45.27661382438041, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "d just south-west of Trigumma, on the right bank of the Kamil. The small branch which leaves the main stream at th" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bandi-or-bandinar", "historical_name": "BANDI or BANDINAR", "modern_name": "Bandi Or Bandinar", "pdf_page": 135, "pdf_viewer_page": 149, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village of four houses in Lower Drawar, situated above the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river. It is watered by a small stream which flows down from the hills. There are some wild fruit and other trees about the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.466667, "source_longitude": 73.866667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 28'. Long. 73° 52'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "s in Lower Drawar, situated above the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river. It is watered by a small stream which" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bandi", "historical_name": "BANDI", "modern_name": "Bandi", "pdf_page": 135, "pdf_viewer_page": 149, "latitude": 34.0649901, "longitude": 74.0751743, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=16023262023594202127&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Bandi, Saidpora 193123. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village in the Peliasa or Beliasa district, north of the Jhelam. It is situated near a path into the Karnao valley, which lies over the mountains to the north.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=16023262023594202127&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.233333, "source_longitude": 73.833333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 14'. Long. 73° 50'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJaTR_-dhQ4DgRD9RWY-oPXt4", "finalized": false, "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "e Peliasa or Beliasa district, north of the Jhelam. It is situated near a path into the Karnao valley, which lies ov" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "north of the Jhelam. It is situated near a path into the Karnao valley, which lies over the mountains to the nort" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bandi-2", "historical_name": "BANDI", "modern_name": "Bandi", "pdf_page": 135, "pdf_viewer_page": 149, "latitude": 34.0649901, "longitude": 74.0751743, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=16023262023594202127&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Bandi, Saidpora 193123. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A large village on the slope of the hill above the left bank of the Ningil stream, almost opposite to Kountra, on the road between Sopûr and Gulmarg. It contains about 40 houses, the inhabitants being mostly zemindars; there are also three carpenters, a bunnia, and two weavers.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=16023262023594202127&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.133333, "source_longitude": 74.433333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 8'. Long. 74° 26'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "Continuation not found in next page top_continuation.", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJaTR_-dhQ4DgRD9RWY-oPXt4", "finalized": false, "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "age on the slope of the hill above the left bank of the Ningil stream, almost opposite to Kountra, on the road bet" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "stream, almost opposite to Kountra, on the road between Sopûr and Gulmarg. It contains about 40 houses, the inhab" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bandi-3", "historical_name": "BANDI", "modern_name": "Bandi", "pdf_page": 136, "pdf_viewer_page": 150, "latitude": 34.0649901, "longitude": 74.0751743, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=16023262023594202127&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Bandi, Saidpora 193123. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "This village lies in a narrow valley above the path from Pûnch to Mandi, about 9 miles from the former and 3 from the latter place. It contains 20 houses inhabited by Mahomedan zemindars, and produces rice and dry crops.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=16023262023594202127&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.783333, "source_longitude": 74.25, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 47'. Long. 74° 15'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJaTR_-dhQ4DgRD9RWY-oPXt4", "finalized": false, "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ndi. Village. This village lies in a narrow valley above the path from Pûnch to Mandi, about 9 miles from the former" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "s village lies in a narrow valley above the path from Pûnch to Mandi, about 9 miles from the former and 3 from the" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bandi-4", "historical_name": "BANDI", "modern_name": "Bandi", "pdf_page": 136, "pdf_viewer_page": 150, "latitude": 34.4478302, "longitude": 73.4896276, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Tarkh%C4%81n+B%C4%81ndi/@34.4478302,73.4896276,390m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e0a03dc58b601f:0xc62002828e4990b7!8m2!3d34.4477945!4d73.4913062!16s%2Fg%2F1v7pwvt5?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Bandi, Saidpora 193123. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river, about 3 miles north of Mozafarabad. The valley of the Kishen Ganga here opens out into a wide and level plain. There are very few trees near the village, but the land is said to be very fruitful, producing rice, as well as some cotton and other dry crops. There are about 30 houses in the village, five belonging to Syuds, and five to Gújars; there is also a blacksmith and a bunnia. Syud Mír Gholám Sammardáni, originally an inhabitant of Peshawar, has been lambardar of Bandi for twenty years.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Tarkh%C4%81n+B%C4%81ndi/@34.4478302,73.4896276,390m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e0a03dc58b601f:0xc62002828e4990b7!8m2!3d34.4477945!4d73.4913062!16s%2Fg%2F1v7pwvt5?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 34.4, "source_longitude": 73.516667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 24'. Long. 73° 31'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJaTR_-dhQ4DgRD9RWY-oPXt4", "finalized": false, "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "i. Village. A village situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river, about 3 miles north of Mozafarabad. Th" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bandip-ra", "historical_name": "BANDIPÚRA", "modern_name": "Bandipore", "pdf_page": 136, "pdf_viewer_page": 150, "latitude": 34.4081118, "longitude": 74.6419368, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandipore", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Plan+Bandipora+193502/@34.4081118,74.6419368,3118m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m15!1m8!3m7!1s0x38e17cb31df660e9:0x33f2785bf1964c82!2sBandipore!3b1!8m2!3d34.5052269!4d74.6868815!16s%2Fm%2F04jbzqt!3m5!1s0x38e16ded885df867:0x8ca411dacdd5564c!8m2!3d34.4188383!4d74.6356515!16s%2Fg%2F11b6yc2zmn?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Bandipore. Score 100; review before marking final.", "blurb": "Was once a large and flourishing town on the north-east side of the Wular lake, but is now much dilapidated. It is situated about 2 miles from the margin of the lake, between two of its feeders, the Bandipúra and Erin nalas; when the water is high, boats can ascend to within short distance of the place by means of the former of these streams. The town contains nothing of interest, but occupies an important position as the starting point for the Gúrais valley, and for Gilgit and Iskardo. Srinagar is distant 35 miles south-east by water from Bandipúra, and Gúrais 36 miles north-east by a good road. A road also lies from this place over the mountains to the Gangabal lake on the top of Haramûk. The distance by land to Sopúr is about 16 miles; the road leads round the northern shores of the lake, and is mostly smooth and level. There is a shady encamping ground in front of the village. Supplies abundant. With reference to the waters of the lake having receded from the village, Vigne attributes the diminution to the wearing away of the rocky bottom of the bed of the Jhelum, in the Baramúla pass, and anticipates that in after ages, in the common course of events, the lake will be drained altogether.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Plan+Bandipora+193502/@34.4081118,74.6419368,3118m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m15!1m8!3m7!1s0x38e17cb31df660e9:0x33f2785bf1964c82!2sBandipore!3b1!8m2!3d34.5052269!4d74.6868815!16s%2Fm%2F04jbzqt!3m5!1s0x38e16ded885df867:0x8ca411dacdd5564c!8m2!3d34.4188383!4d74.6356515!16s%2Fg%2F11b6yc2zmn?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 34.416667, "source_longitude": 74.683333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 25'. Long. 74° 41'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJ6WD2HbN84TgRgkyW8Vt48jM", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 100, "match_distance_km": 9.852784163533823, "wikipedia_title": "Bandipore", "wikipedia_match_score": 124, "wikipedia_match_distance_km": 10.254270947995341, "features": [ "town", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "Was once a large and flourishing town" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "on the north-east side of the Wular lake, but is now much dilapidated" } ], "feature_notes": "Bandipúra is a town near the Wular lake and the feeders of the lake.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bandor", "historical_name": "BANDOR", "modern_name": "Bandor na Gali", "pdf_page": 136, "pdf_viewer_page": 150, "latitude": 33.5388889, "longitude": 74.175, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=11277070571561248042&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Bandor na Gali, Gohlad 185211. Score 90; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village in Púnch, on the slope of the hill above the right bank of the Púnch Toi. It contains 20 houses.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=11277070571561248042&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.6, "source_longitude": 73.966667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 36'. Long. 73° 58'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJK5Qy7wgr4DgRKmXrtO8zgJw", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 90, "match_distance_km": 20.463130106841668, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in Púnch" } ], "feature_notes": "No additional features described; only village status given.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ban-d-sar", "historical_name": "BAN DÚSAR", "modern_name": "Devsar", "pdf_page": 136, "pdf_viewer_page": 150, "latitude": 33.634184, "longitude": 75.081929, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devsar,_Jammu_and_Kashmir", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Devsar%2C%20Kulgam", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the Diosur pargana, about 3 miles south-east of Kúlgam and 10 miles north-west of Shahabad. The village lies to the north of a range of low hills, on the bank of a cool and clear stream which flows in front of it. Supplies are not very abundant. There are some very eligible spots for encamping. (Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.633333, "source_longitude": 75.116667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 38'. Long. 75° 7'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "strong", "geocode_source": "manual web review", "review_note": "Ban Dúsar lies in Diosur pargana near Kulgam and Shahabad; modern Qasba/Bona Devsar preserves the likely name and position. Coordinate from a modern Devsar geocoding source.", "reviewed_at": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 9", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "hahabad. The village lies to the north of a range of low hills, on the bank of a cool and clear stream which flows" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "BAN DÚSAR. Devsar. Village. A small village in the Diosur pargana, about 3" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bangas", "historical_name": "BANGAS", "modern_name": "Bangus", "pdf_page": 136, "pdf_viewer_page": 150, "latitude": 34.38111111, "longitude": 74.07, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangus_Valley", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=15797808360485880378&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Bangus. Score 100; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A valley in the mountains south-west of Shaldrán, in which the Bangas stream, one of the head waters of the Kamil river, rises. On the Bangas maidan there is an abundance of excellent grass in summer, and it is much frequented by Gújars.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=15797808360485880378&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.366667, "source_longitude": 74.083333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 22'. Long. 74° 5'. Elev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJjS8bUQvl4DgROgJ15AAXPds", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 100, "match_distance_km": 2.371692989036415, "wikipedia_title": "Bangus Valley", "wikipedia_match_score": 102, "wikipedia_match_distance_km": 1.208002475361074, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "mountain", "forest" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Bangas stream, one of the head waters of the Kamil river" }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "A valley in the mountains south-west of Shaldrán" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "On the Bangas maidan there is an abundance of excellent grass in summer, and it is much frequented by Gújars" } ], "feature_notes": "Bangas is a valley with a stream (river headwaters) in a mountainous area with meadow grass land frequented by Gújars, indicative of forest or grassland.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bangil", "historical_name": "BANGIL", "modern_name": "Bangil", "pdf_page": 136, "pdf_viewer_page": 150, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A pargana in the Patan zillah, of the Kamráj division; it lies on the south-west side of the valley of Kashmír, between Firozpúr and Patan, sloping down from the mountains to the morass on the left bank of the Jhelam. It is naturally an arid district, intersected by narrow and shallow ravines, but by means of irrigation a considerable amount of rice is cultivated round the villages; dry crops and a little cotton are also grown. The tehsil is at Lolpúr.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "sion; it lies on the south-west side of the valley of Kashmír, between Firozpúr and Patan, sloping down from the mou" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bani", "historical_name": "BANI", "modern_name": "Bani", "pdf_page": 137, "pdf_viewer_page": 151, "latitude": 32.707901, "longitude": 75.815626, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bani,_India", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.app.goo.gl/97ZRmqKh1oDVV6cj6", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual research: BANI maps to modern Bani town/tehsil in Kathua district; existing coordinates and Wikipedia candidate retained.", "blurb": "A village in the Basaoli district, most pleasantly situated in a flat plain on the left bank of the Siowa, at a bend of the stream, which is usually fordable, but is crossed by a kadal bridge at the north end of the village. Just above the bridge is a Hindú temple, of the usual pagoda form common to these hills; it is surrounded by fine shady trees and adorned with some quaint carvings. There is much cultivation round the village, which contains about 20 houses, a third of the inhabitants being Mahomedans. On the bank of the stream is a long strip of fine turf shaded by trees, which forms a convenient spot for encamping. Supplies and coolies are obtainable.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=14233987756167303551", "source_latitude": 32.7, "source_longitude": 75.85, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 42'. Long. 75° 51'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJa2apiPrzHDkRf5GcB3NIicU", "finalized": true, "wikipedia_title": "Bani, India", "wikipedia_match_score": 97, "wikipedia_match_distance_km": 1.705740544581047, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 92, "features": [ "village", "bridge_or_ferry", "religious_site", "forest", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in the Basaoli district" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "crossed by a kadal bridge at the north end of the village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "Just above the bridge is a Hindú temple" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "surrounded by fine shady trees" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "on the left bank of the Siowa" } ], "feature_notes": "Bani is a village by a stream with a bridge, contains a Hindu temple, and is shaded by trees.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "banih-l", "historical_name": "BANIHĀL", "modern_name": "Banihal", "pdf_page": 137, "pdf_viewer_page": 151, "latitude": 33.4393621, "longitude": 75.1943612, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banihal", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1687266117972588914&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch: Entry describes the historical Banihal district/pargana; pinned to modern Banihal town as the strongest present-day equivalent for the district name.", "blurb": "A populous and well cultivated district, which lies to the south of the Pansāl range, between Naoshera and Kishtwār; it comprises the valleys of the Mohu and Banihāl streams, which are enclosed by lofty mountains. In the time of the emperor Akbar, Banihāl was constituted a pargana and esteemed an integral part of Kashmīr. Traces of the connectionship exist to this day, a large proportion of the inhabitants being Mahomedans, and in dress, appearance, and language, assimilating to Kashmīris.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1687266117972588914&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJwYuCUzPuHTkRcvlOQ5hfahc", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 91, "match_distance_km": null, "wikipedia_title": "Banihal", "wikipedia_match_score": 135, "wikipedia_match_distance_km": 2.215645641560623, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "This village may be considered a continuation of Adilkut" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "It is situated on the left bank of the stream" } ], "feature_notes": "Banihāl village described with no additional features clearly part of it.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "banih-l-2", "historical_name": "BANIHĀL", "modern_name": "Banihal", "pdf_page": 137, "pdf_viewer_page": 151, "latitude": 33.4393621, "longitude": 75.1943612, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banihal", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1687266117972588914&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 manual candidate batch: Historical Banihal/Banihāl entry aligns with modern Banihal in Ramban on the Kashmir-Jammu road and pass corridor; public references identify Banihal as the town and pass on this route. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "This stream takes its rise on the slopes of the Pansāl range, south-west of Vernāg, and flowing in a southerly direction unites with the Mohu, near the village of Nachilāna, in Lat. 33° 22', Long. 75° 13', forming the Bichhlár river, an affluent of the Chenāb. The high road from Jamú to Kashmīr follows the banks of this stream throughout its entire course, crossing it by a bridge between the villages of Tatí and Banihāl.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1687266117972588914&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJwYuCUzPuHTkRcvlOQ5hfahc", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "wikipedia_title": "Banihal", "wikipedia_match_score": 135, "wikipedia_match_distance_km": 2.215645641560623, "features": [ "village", "bridge_or_ferry", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "between the villages of Tatí and Banihāl." }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "crossing it by a bridge between the villages of Tatí and Banihāl." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "This stream takes its rise on the slopes of the Pansāl range... forming the Bichhlár river" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "The high road from Jamú to Kashmīr follows the banks of this stream throughout its entire course" } ], "feature_notes": "The village is named as a place between two villages connected by a bridge on a high road following a stream.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "banh-l", "historical_name": "BANHĀL", "modern_name": "Banihal", "pdf_page": 137, "pdf_viewer_page": 151, "latitude": 33.4393621, "longitude": 75.1943612, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banihal", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1687266117972588914&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Banihal 182146. Score 100; review before marking final.", "blurb": "This village may be considered a continuation of Adilkut, from which it is distant a few hundred yards north. It is situated on the left bank of the stream, on the road from Jamú to Kashmīr, by the Banihal pass, about 10 miles south of Vernāg. The baradari, a large red brick building, occupies an airy situation towards the northern end of the village; it contains a long room, about 50 feet by 20, with three small chambers communicating with it. The inhabitants are nearly all Mahomedans. Supplies and coolies obtainable.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1687266117972588914&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.45, "source_longitude": 75.266667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 27'. Long. 75° 16'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJwYuCUzPuHTkRcvlOQ5hfahc", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 100, "match_distance_km": 6.8122389897676285, "wikipedia_title": "Banihal", "wikipedia_match_score": 135, "wikipedia_match_distance_km": 2.215645641560623, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "This village may be considered a continuation of Adilkut... It is situated on the left bank of the stream... The baradari... towards the northern end of the village" } ], "feature_notes": "No mention of fort, serai, religious site, or other features within the village. The pass is a nearby feature but not part of the village itself.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "banh-l-2", "historical_name": "BANHĀL", "modern_name": "Banihal", "pdf_page": 137, "pdf_viewer_page": 151, "latitude": 33.42, "longitude": 75.2, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banihal", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1687266117972588914&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Banihal 182146. Score 100; review before marking final.", "blurb": "The name of the pass by which the main road from Jamú to Kashmīr crosses the Pansāl range, about 6 miles south-west of Vernāg, in the Shahbad valley. On the south side, the ascent, which is neither very steep nor very rough, is about 2 1/2 miles; the descent on the north side to the village of Wūmū is somewhat less, but the gradients are much steeper. The geological formation of the mountain is the amygdaloidal trap; the south side is quite bare of trees, and is covered with grass and grey rocks. The top is level, and there are two ponds of water on it, and a stone hut used as a dāk station at the north end, from whence a glorious view of the plains of Kashmīr bursts suddenly upon those who are entering the valley by this route; looking in the opposite direction appears a vast and dreary sea of mountains, rising one beyond the other in immense waves, with nothing to break the melancholy sameness. On the north the forest extends for a long way up the mountain sides. Camels can enter Kashmír by this route, and the traffic on the road is always considerable, as it is passable all the year round for laden ponies, except when there is much snow accompanied with a high wind; at such times incautious travellers not unfrequently lose their lives in attempting the passage. The line of road on the north side of the pass seems capable of considerable improvement. (Vigne.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1687266117972588914", "source_latitude": 33.516667, "source_longitude": 75.266667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 31'. Long. 75° 16'. Elev. 9,200 feet.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "The last sentence is incomplete and continues onto the next page.", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJwYuCUzPuHTkRcvlOQ5hfahc", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 100, "match_distance_km": 10.902407767527128, "features": [ "pass", "mountain", "forest", "spring", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "The name of the pass by which the main road from Jamú to Kashmīr crosses the Pansāl range" }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "The geological formation of the mountain is the amygdaloidal trap" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "On the north the forest extends for a long way up the mountain sides" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "there are two ponds of water on it" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "the main road from Jamú to Kashmīr crosses the Pansāl range" } ], "feature_notes": "The entry is primarily a mountain pass with road, forest on slopes, and ponds (springs).", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "banjil", "historical_name": "BANJIL", "modern_name": "Banjal", "pdf_page": 138, "pdf_viewer_page": 152, "latitude": 32.6616336, "longitude": 75.7981902, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=3107360903484721384&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Banjal. Score 100; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village in the Basali district, consisting of a few scattered houses, situated high-up on the southern slopes of the Rāmratchan mountain. The path between Basoli and Badrawār crosses the range by the Banjil Galli, just to the east of this village.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=3107360903484721384&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 32.65, "source_longitude": 75.85, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 39'. Long. 75° 51'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJl27uU4X0HDkR6MgkOUeQHys", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 100, "match_distance_km": 5.019871119064855, "features": [ "village", "mountain" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in the Basali district" }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "situated high-up on the southern slopes of the Rāmratchan mountain" } ], "feature_notes": "Banjal is a village located on mountain slopes.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bankroar", "historical_name": "BANKROAR", "modern_name": "Bankroar", "pdf_page": 138, "pdf_viewer_page": 152, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village containing 15 houses, situated above the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river, about 2 miles west of Balagran, on the path leading to Mozafarabad. There are a few trees, and much arable land about the place, part of which is cultivated by the farmers of neighbouring villages, the extent of cultivation depending upon the quantity of water obtainable; there is usually but a scanty supply from a rill which flows down to the west. From this village, Baran, in Lower Drawar, may be reached by the path along the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, or by that lying over the Chowgalli spur.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.033333, "source_longitude": 73.7, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 2'. Long. 73° 42'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "taining 15 houses, situated above the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river, about 2 miles west of Balagran, on the" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ver, about 2 miles west of Balagran, on the path leading to Mozafarabad. There are a few trees, and much arable la" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "banmaittu", "historical_name": "BANMAITTU", "modern_name": "Banmaittu", "pdf_page": 138, "pdf_viewer_page": 152, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the Nowbūg Nai, containing three houses, situated above the right bank of the stream just west of the path lying up the valley towards the Margan pass.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.683333, "source_longitude": 75.45, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 41'. Long. 75° 27'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "path lying up the valley towards the Margan pass." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ning three houses, situated above the right bank of the stream just west of the path lying up the valley towards t" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "e right bank of the stream just west of the path lying up the valley towards the Margan pass." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "banm-la", "historical_name": "BANMŪLA", "modern_name": "Banmūla", "pdf_page": 138, "pdf_viewer_page": 152, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village in the Diosur pargana, situated in an uninteresting valley by the path between the Bringhin-Lannow valley, and Hanupūr.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.6, "source_longitude": 75.05, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 36'. Long. 75° 3'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "iosur pargana, situated in an uninteresting valley by the path between the Bringhin-Lannow valley, and Hanupūr." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "situated in an uninteresting valley by the path between the Bringhin-Lannow valley, and Hanupūr." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bannalp-ra", "historical_name": "BANNALPŪRA", "modern_name": "Bannalpūra", "pdf_page": 138, "pdf_viewer_page": 152, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A Gūjar village situated on the slopes of the mountains north-west of the Wular Lake; it lies about a mile north-west of Alsū, on the path towards the Lolāb valley.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.433333, "source_longitude": 74.566667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 26'. Long. 74° 34'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "es of the mountains north-west of the Wular Lake; it lies about a mile north-west of Alsū, on the path towards the" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ies about a mile north-west of Alsū, on the path towards the Lolāb valley." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "banskor", "historical_name": "BANSKOR", "modern_name": "Banskor", "pdf_page": 138, "pdf_viewer_page": 152, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Basoli district, situated on the slopes of the mountain above the right bank of the Siowa stream. The path for cattle from Basoli to Badrawār passes through this village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.716667, "source_longitude": 75.85, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 43'. Long. 75° 51'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the slopes of the mountain above the right bank of the Siowa stream. The path for cattle from Basoli to Badrawār" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ove the right bank of the Siowa stream. The path for cattle from Basoli to Badrawār passes through this village." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "banyir", "historical_name": "BANYIR", "modern_name": "Banyir", "pdf_page": 138, "pdf_viewer_page": 152, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name given to the marshy plain which lies between the two branches of the Jhelam, which it forms just before entering the Wular Lake.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.333333, "source_longitude": 74.683333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 20'. Long. 74° 41'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Lake / spring / water site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: Lake / spring / water site" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "BANYIR. Banyir. Lake / spring / water site. The name given to the marshy plain which lies betwe" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bao-fort", "historical_name": "BAO FORT", "modern_name": "Bao Fort", "pdf_page": 138, "pdf_viewer_page": 152, "latitude": 32.7263032, "longitude": 74.8775818, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahu_Fort", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Bahu+Fort,+Gorkha+Nagar,+Jammu,+180006/@32.7263032,74.8775818,795m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x391e8364abe210bb:0x6c5c91f85e558409!8m2!3d32.7263032!4d74.8801567!16s%2Fm%2F05p743l?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "See JAMŪ.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Bahu+Fort,+Gorkha+Nagar,+Jammu,+180006/@32.7263032,74.8775818,795m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x391e8364abe210bb:0x6c5c91f85e558409!8m2!3d32.7263032!4d74.8801567!16s%2Fm%2F05p743l?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 32.733333, "source_longitude": 74.933333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 44'. Long. 74° 56'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "fort" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" } ], "feature_notes": "Features classified by LLM from the gazetteer entry context.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bapumreshi", "historical_name": "BAPUMRESHI", "modern_name": "Baba Reshi", "pdf_page": 138, "pdf_viewer_page": 152, "latitude": 34.058975, "longitude": 74.4244917, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baba_Reshi", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=34.058975,74.4244917", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research: source names the shrine of Baba Paiyam-ud-din below Gulmarg; mapped to modern Baba Reshi. Coordinates from Wikipedia; review before marking final.", "blurb": "The name vulgarly applied to the shrine of Baba Paiyām-ú-dīn, which is prettily situated on a grassy slope surrounded by forest, on the top of the lower range of hills, below the northern end of the Gulmarg strath. The situation is cool and healthy, and the rainfall is considerably less than on the Gulmarg, which is 1,000 feet higher. Bapumreshi is distant about 24 miles east from Srinagar, 14 miles south-west from Patan, and 16 miles south from Sōpūr. Around the shrine is a cluster of buildings, built of timber, the lintels and door-posts of which are embellished with some elegant carvings.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baba_Reshi", "source_latitude": 34.083333, "source_longitude": 74.433333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 5'. Long. 74° 26'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Shrine / sacred site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "religious_site", "forest" ], "primary_feature": "religious_site", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "The name vulgarly applied to the shrine of Baba Paiyām-ú-dīn" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "surrounded by forest" } ], "feature_notes": "Shrine with surrounding forest area", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bar", "historical_name": "BAR", "modern_name": "Bar", "pdf_page": 139, "pdf_viewer_page": 153, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "There is a masjid, and four houses for the accommodation of travellers, with the necessary offices. Slips of paper, containing prayers, vows, and notifications of pilgrimages made to the shrine by important personages, are pasted on the entrance, and an inscription affixed to the carved doorway states that it was added (in the year 1849 A.D.) by Subbúr Reshi, the present khalífa or superior of the brotherhood. From the month of April to the end of October, a mela or fair, which is largely attended for purposes of trade, is held every Monday and Thursday of each week; a religious festival takes place in the month of December, on the anniversary of the saint's death, which is held to have occurred in A.D. 1475. Baba Paiyám-ú-dín was a disciple of Zaina Sháh, whose ziarát is at the village of Eishmakan, in the Lidar valley. There are 40 Reshis or priests attached to the shrine, who are bound to a life of celibacy; any member infringing this rule is summarily expelled the community. They hold different ranks, and are recruited by children devoted by the vows of their grateful parents to a religious life. The novices are at first employed as shepherds, or labourers, or in menial offices about the shrine; all vacancies occurring among the Reshis are filled by selection from among them, the lot being supposed to be guided by visions and dreams vouched to the members of the brotherhood. Persons coming to make their vows at the shrine present the right leg, head, and skin of a sheep to the priests; the remainder they keep for themselves. Presents of money and other valuables are also made; nothing is permitted to be taken away, and should any pilgrim possess any surplus at the expiration of his visit, he is expected to bestow it for the benefit of the shrine; indigent travellers, on the other hand, are entertained at the expense of the community. The fame of the shrine is not confined to Mohamedans, as among the pilgrims are many Hindús, the women even vowing to dedicate the object of their prayers to the service of the saint. The revenues of the neighbouring villages of Tsontputhar, Alputhar, and Nambalnár, on the road towards Kountra and Hajibal, and Wangil, on the way to Khipír, are devoted to the support of the shrine. Bapurneshi is well supplied with water from a rill which flows down from the mountains. There is a small wooden pavilion for the accommodation of European visitors.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "serai", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "d, and four houses for the accommodation of travellers, with the necessary offices. Slips of paper, containing prayers," }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "BAR. Bar. Village. There is a masjid, and four houses for the accommodation of travellers, with the ne" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "s at the village of Eishmakan, in the Lidar valley. There are 40 Reshis or priests attached to the shrine, who are b" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "d, and four houses for the accommodation of travellers, with the necessary offices. Slips of paper, containing prayers," }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "sonages, are pasted on the entrance, and an inscription affixed to the carved doorway states that it was added (in the ye" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "barachar", "historical_name": "BARACHAR", "modern_name": "Barachar", "pdf_page": 139, "pdf_viewer_page": 153, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This village lies above the right bank of the Dali-Nar stream, about 16 miles north-east of Púneh, above the path towards the Tosha Maidan. It contains 15 houses, 10 being inhabited by Kashmiri zemindars and 5 by Gújars. There are a few small walnut trees about the village; dry crops alone are raised.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.816667, "source_longitude": 74.333333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 49'. Long. 74° 20'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Village. This village lies above the right bank of the Dali-Nar stream, about 16 miles north-east of Púneh, above" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "out 16 miles north-east of Púneh, above the path towards the Tosha Maidan. It contains 15 houses, 10 being inhabit" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "baramgala", "historical_name": "BARAMGALA", "modern_name": "Baramgala", "pdf_page": 139, "pdf_viewer_page": 153, "latitude": 33.616667, "longitude": 74.433333, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=16244830588103031562&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Baramgala, Chananser 185121. Score 122; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small village on the road between Bhimber and Kashmír, situated in a deep gorge at the foot of the Ruttan pir pass, near the confluence of the Chitta Pani (Síran or Púnch river), with the Purnoi stream, a dashing mountain torrent which flows from the south-east. Baramgala is distant 70 miles north-east of Bhimber, and 80 miles south-west of Srinagar.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=16244830588103031562&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.6, "source_longitude": 74.45, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 36'. Long. 74° 27'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJtRQH9Tza4TgRCvtH4Fk7ceE", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 122, "match_distance_km": 2.4118531862986337, "features": [ "village", "mountain", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A small village" }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "situated in a deep gorge at the foot of the Ruttan pir pass" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "near the confluence of the Chitta Pani (Síran or Púnch river), with the Purnoi stream" } ], "feature_notes": "Village located in mountainous gorge at confluence of mountain streams", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bar-2", "historical_name": "BAR", "modern_name": "Bar", "pdf_page": 140, "pdf_viewer_page": 154, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The village lies in the territory of the Rajah of Púnch; it is situated upon a small plateau, which is surrounded by high and rugged mountains about 150 feet above the left bank of the Chitta river. Just below the village, on the opposite bank of the river, there is an old stone fort, which is built on a lofty and commanding peak. The village contains about 40 flat-roofed cottages, and is inhabited by both Hindús and Mohamedans, among whom are some blacksmiths and náflbands. In the rains, the climate is said to be very unhealthy, fevers and dysentery prevailing. The hills above, to the north, are crowded with Gújars; the pasturage is rank, and not to be compared with that on the opposite side of the valley. In these hills is a vast quantity of iron ore, not merely in the rocks, but the soil resembles gravel, and this is impregnated with it; there are villages high up, consisting entirely of miners and blacksmiths. Around these villages are innumerable excavations; they are mostly some 12 feet in diameter and from 3 to 8 in depth. In this locality the compass is of course useless. A beautiful water-fall to the north-east of the village is worthy the attention of the traveller. There is a bungalow for visitors; the encamping ground is very limited. Supplies and coolies are obtainable. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "fort", "village", "serai", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "BAR. Bar. Fort / historic site. The village lies in the territory of the Rajah of Púnch; it is situated upon" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "the village is worthy the attention of the traveller. There is a bungalow for visitors; the encamping ground is very l" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ged mountains about 150 feet above the left bank of the Chitta river. Just below the village, on the opposite bank" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "the village is worthy the attention of the traveller. There is a bungalow for visitors; the encamping ground is very l" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "baramula", "historical_name": "BARAMULA", "modern_name": "Baramulla", "pdf_page": 140, "pdf_viewer_page": 154, "latitude": 34.198, "longitude": 74.364, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baramulla", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=890850437338151896&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Baramulla. Score 100; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A town situated at the mouth of the gorge by which the river Jhelam leaves the valley of Kashmír. The insincere character of the inhabitants is supposed to have earned for the place the name it bears; the Mohamedans, however, usually call it Waramúl. Baramúla is the tehsíl station of the Kruhín pargana; it extends for about a mile along the right bank of the Jhelam, but has little depth. The hills by which it is almost surrounded are bare and without beauty. The Jhelam flows in a broad stream, about 150 yards wide.\n\nThe stillness of its current is a striking contrast to the angry torrent it becomes a few miles lower down, where it ceases to be navigable, and does not again become so until it reaches Oin, in lat. 33° 40', long. 73° 50'. At the east end of the town it is crossed by a bridge having a span of 146 yards and a breadth of 16 feet, of similar construction to those at Srinagar. Baramúla is distant 104 miles (10 marches) from Mari by the old road viá Danna, and 11 marches by the new; it is the easiest of all the routes from Kashmír to the Panjáb, and is practicable for horses throughout the year.\n\nBy land Baramúla is distant about 31 miles from Srinagar, but the journey may be accomplished by water in about 20 hours; the return passage by the Nóri canal route takes about six hours less. Sopúr is 6 hours' journey by boat above Baramúla. A very tolerable road connects Baramúla with Abbotabad, distant 125 miles (nine regular marches). There are two roads between Baramúla and Gulmarg, which is distant about 15 miles; from Gulmarg, Sófran on the Bhimber and Púnch road may be reached in four marches. The town of Baramúla contains about 850 houses, and the inhabitants are said to number 8,000, a considerable proportion being Hindús, a number of whom are Brahmins.\n\nThe houses are mostly three or four stories high, and are built chiefly of wood with pent-roofs; the roofs are covered with birch bark, which is overlaid with earth, and which, owing to the moisture of the climate, is usually clothed with grass and flowers. To the west of the town, on the right bank of the river, is the cantonment, a small enclosure with a windmill-like tower. On the same bank of the river, at the north end of the bridge, are traces of some ruins forming a quadrangle. The fort, which contains a small garrison, has lately been completed. It is situated on the left bank of the river, at the south end of the bridge, and abutting on to it.\n\nIt is a square work, with a bastion tower at each corner, surrounded by a shallow dry ditch on all except the river face. The walls, which are about 30 feet high, are built of rubble, strengthened by horizontal bands of timber, at intervals of about four feet, and are pierced for musketry; the bastions at the west end are embrasured, and it is said that guns will be mounted on them; but they must necessarily be of very small calibre. The entrance is on the north side facing the bridge, and is covered by a loopholed wall. The fort is commanded by superior heights on the north-west at a distance of about 1,000 yards, and at about half that distance on the south-west.\n\nIn addition to the water of the Jhelam, there are numerous wells in the town, which, judging from the length of the leverpole, must be of unusual depth; there is, however, a great want of trees and shade in the town. On the left bank of the river, just east of the fort is a large garden, enclosed by a line of poplars, which forms a convenient spot for encamping; there is also a baradari. Baramula is a customs post, and a place of considerable trade; coolies, boats, and supplies are always obtainable.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=890850437338151896", "source_latitude": 34.216667, "source_longitude": 74.383333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 13'. Long. 74° 23'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJ3Tl3rmgH4TgR2LuKucDvXAw", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 100, "match_distance_km": 3.6416597309964835, "features": [ "town", "fort", "bridge_or_ferry", "garden", "river_or_lake", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "A town situated at the mouth of the gorge" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "The fort, which contains a small garrison, has lately been completed. It is situated on the left bank of the river, at the south end of the bridge, and abutting on to it." }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "At the east end of the town it is crossed by a bridge having a span of 146 yards and a breadth of 16 feet" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "On the left bank of the river, just east of the fort is a large garden, enclosed by a line of poplars" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "The Jhelam flows in a broad stream, about 150 yards wide." }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "On the same bank of the river, at the north end of the bridge, are traces of some ruins forming a quadrangle" } ], "feature_notes": "Town on river with notable fort, bridge, garden, and ruins", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "b-ran", "historical_name": "BÁRAN", "modern_name": "Báran", "pdf_page": 141, "pdf_viewer_page": 155, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Lower Dráwar, situated above the right bank of the Kishen Ganga; it stretches for a considerable distance up the hill side and along it. It contains about 40 houses, most of the inhabitants being pahári zemindars of the Kulgan caste; there are also two Kashmiri weavers, a blacksmith, and a carpenter. There is a mosque in the village, and a ruined house which belonged to Shere Ahmad Khán, the late Rajah of Karnac. There are a few mulberry and other fruit trees about the village; there is also a good deal of makai grown and some little rice. A small clump of trees on the path at the north end of the village affords a shady spot for encamping. A good supply of water is obtainable from small rills which flow down through deep channels to the north and south of the village. This village was formerly connected by a bridge with Mirpúr, on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, of which now only traces of the piers remain.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.433333, "source_longitude": 73.85, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 26'. Long. 73° 51'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": ", a blacksmith, and a carpenter. There is a mosque in the village, and a ruined house which belonged to Shere Ahmad" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "e in Lower Dráwar, situated above the right bank of the Kishen Ganga; it stretches for a considerable distance up" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "e. This village was formerly connected by a bridge with Mirpúr, on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, of which now o" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "little rice. A small clump of trees on the path at the north end of the village affords a shady spot for encampin" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "barerel", "historical_name": "BAREREL", "modern_name": "Barerel", "pdf_page": 141, "pdf_viewer_page": 155, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village containing six houses, inhabited by Hindús of the Thakur caste; it is situated above the right bank of the Chenáb, about 3 miles west of Doda.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.15, "source_longitude": 75.566667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 9'. Long. 75° 34'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "hakur caste; it is situated above the right bank of the Chenáb, about 3 miles west of Doda." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bargam", "historical_name": "BARGAM", "modern_name": "Bargam", "pdf_page": 141, "pdf_viewer_page": 155, "latitude": 33.8911646, "longitude": 75.0574642, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=15522452494225988759&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 manual candidate batch: Historical Bargam has an exact-name modern candidate at Bargam; the existing Google candidate is a same-name Kashmir locality and should be reviewed on the map. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A village situated about 8 miles south-west of Srinagar; it is the tehsíl station of the Dansu pargana.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=15522452494225988759&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.016667, "source_longitude": 74.766667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 1'. Long. 74° 46'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJaV-oUtIe4jgRl1w3UU3Uatc", "finalized": false, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "features": [ "village", "town" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "t 8 miles south-west of Srinagar; it is the tehsíl station of the Dansu pargana." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bari", "historical_name": "BARI", "modern_name": "Bari", "pdf_page": 142, "pdf_viewer_page": 156, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This place contains but one house; it is situated on the mountain side, about 2 miles east of Karen, on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga. It may be reached by a path from that village, and also from Monaiyan.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.65, "source_longitude": 74.016667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 39'. Long. 74° 1'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "e, about 2 miles east of Karen, on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga. It may be reached by a path from that villag" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "of the Kishen Ganga. It may be reached by a path from that village, and also from Monaiyan." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "barral", "historical_name": "BARRAL", "modern_name": "Baral", "pdf_page": 142, "pdf_viewer_page": 156, "latitude": 33.6504538, "longitude": 73.6754748, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Baral/@33.6504538,73.6754748,6292m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m15!1m8!3m7!1s0x38e011a64717201b:0x63dd1d39a5fe2c48!2sBaral!3b1!8m2!3d33.6530988!4d73.6948234!16s%2Fg%2F1235b_4jb!3m5!1s0x38e011a64717201b:0x63dd1d39a5fe2c48!8m2!3d33.6530988!4d73.6948234!16s%2Fg%2F1235b_4jb?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Baral. Score 88; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A large village in Naoshera, containing about 200 houses, situated on the left bank of the Púnch Toí river, about 5 miles south of Kotlí, on the direct road to Mirpúr. The village lies on the top of a spur, and extends down to the valley beneath. There is a baoli, fed by a good spring, on the road side.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Baral/@33.6504538,73.6754748,6292m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m15!1m8!3m7!1s0x38e011a64717201b:0x63dd1d39a5fe2c48!2sBaral!3b1!8m2!3d33.6530988!4d73.6948234!16s%2Fg%2F1235b_4jb!3m5!1s0x38e011a64717201b:0x63dd1d39a5fe2c48!8m2!3d33.6530988!4d73.6948234!16s%2Fg%2F1235b_4jb?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.466667, "source_longitude": 73.916667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 28'. Long. 73° 55'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJGyAXR6YR4DgRSCz-pTkd3WM", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 88, "match_distance_km": 29.19401367255333, "features": [ "village", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A large village" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "There is a baoli, fed by a good spring, on the road side" } ], "feature_notes": "Features classified by LLM from the gazetteer entry context.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "barshala", "historical_name": "BARSHALA", "modern_name": "Barshala", "pdf_page": 142, "pdf_viewer_page": 156, "latitude": 33.2014101, "longitude": 75.6469934, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=3848198405352378979&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch: Historical Barshala is on the Doda-Kishtwar Chenab route; existing Barshala candidate lies in the same corridor and is retained.", "blurb": "A village lying on the right bank of the Chenáb, on the path between Doda and Kishtwár, about 4 koss to the south of Saigát, near which place the river is crossed by a suspension bridge. Barshala is a small village, but it appears to have many dependencies, and is widely encompassed by rich fields of cultivation. The poppy is extensively cultivated in this part of the country; wild olives and pomegranates are common in the jungles, and sweet limes and bitter oranges are procurable in the villages. The Hindí shrine of Barshala Devi is of some reputation in the country. (Vigne-Hervey.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=3848198405352378979&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.15, "source_longitude": 75.816667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 9'. Long. 75° 49'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJEbK674-kHTkRY9JAoA-MZzU", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 93, "features": [ "village", "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "Barshala is a small village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "The Hindí shrine of Barshala Devi is of some reputation in the country" } ], "feature_notes": "Village contains a Hindu shrine", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "barwhie", "historical_name": "BARWHIE", "modern_name": "Barwhie", "pdf_page": 142, "pdf_viewer_page": 156, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Tilai valley; called also Bar-áh; it contains six houses, and is situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river, almost opposite the junction of the Raman stream. From this village there is a path leading to Iskardo, by way of the Shingo river.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.533333, "source_longitude": 75.3, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 32'. Long. 75° 18'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "E. Barwhie. Village. A village in the Tilai valley; called also Bar-áh; it contains six houses, and is situated on t" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "Raman stream. From this village there is a path leading to Iskardo, by way of the Shingo river." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bas", "historical_name": "BAS", "modern_name": "Bas", "pdf_page": 142, "pdf_viewer_page": 156, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Pérsian valley, situated on the steep side of the hill, above the right bank of the stream. It is shaded by fine trees, and contains about six houses.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.316667, "source_longitude": 75.366667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 19'. Long. 75° 22'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "BAS. Bas. Village. A village in the Pérsian valley, situated on the steep side of the hill, above the right bank of" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "basaoli", "historical_name": "BASAOLI", "modern_name": "Basohli", "pdf_page": 142, "pdf_viewer_page": 156, "latitude": 32.5038195, "longitude": 75.8107712, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basohli_(town)", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?sca_esv=b0606a0ae3ff7c6b&rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS1170US1188&output=search&q=basohli&source=lnms&fbs=ADc_l-aN0CWEZBOHjofHoaMMDiKpaEWjvZ2Py1XXV8d8KvlI3jljrY5CkLlk8Dq3IvwBz-SiiHLMuwmCQZ7DqSL8AQqoCHnC_jnKtVT5qayq_Jd9N4XDAz4GWf-ZutvJzTQQgwJ6U5HtOeB_cgwAqsilinBo7WdDgnJJeH8EuYBaC3MdWvRi8Vgp1gZY989oQvzTaBfc7GYhEvcFrhcKcUU-_T4yIWAPdw&entry=mc&ved=1t:200715&ictx=111", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Confirmed duplicate of the Basaoli/Basohli town entry; user-supplied Google Maps Basohli search link retained, with coordinates copied from the reviewed Basohli candidate.", "blurb": "A town of some importance, which gives its name to a district in the province of Jamú. It is situated at the north-east corner of a long open valley, between low ridges, lying on the high land about three-quarters of a mile from the right bank of the Rávi, to which the ground drops abruptly in a series of steps or terraces. During the melting of the snows, from about the middle of May to the middle of August, the river is at its height, and is then about 200 yards wide; and the current runs with such force, that the only communication with British territory on the opposite bank is carried on by mushka (inflated skins); at other seasons of the year a ferry-boat plies, and during the winter months the river is fordable. The sunaras who work the mashka and the ferry arrangements generally are under the British authorities, the boatmen living on the left bank of the river. Basaoli is distant 99 miles from Amritsar by way of Madhopúr, crossing the Rávi by a ferry below the Thain Fort. Bradrawár is 65 miles due north, the road lying over the Chatandhar pass. Jamú is said to be distant 30 koss to the west, by a good road which is divided into three stages.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?sca_esv=b0606a0ae3ff7c6b&rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS1170US1188&output=search&q=basohli&source=lnms&fbs=ADc_l-aN0CWEZBOHjofHoaMMDiKpaEWjvZ2Py1XXV8d8KvlI3jljrY5CkLlk8Dq3IvwBz-SiiHLMuwmCQZ7DqSL8AQqoCHnC_jnKtVT5qayq_Jd9N4XDAz4GWf-ZutvJzTQQgwJ6U5HtOeB_cgwAqsilinBo7WdDgnJJeH8EuYBaC3MdWvRi8Vgp1gZY989oQvzTaBfc7GYhEvcFrhcKcUU-_T4yIWAPdw&entry=mc&ved=1t:200715&ictx=111", "source_latitude": 32.5, "source_longitude": 75.85, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 30'. Long. 75° 51'. Elev. 2,170 feet.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "town", "fort", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "A town of some importance" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "it is situated at the north-east corner of a long open valley... about three-quarters of a mile from the right bank of the Rávi" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "the only communication with British territory on the opposite bank is carried on by mushka (inflated skins); at other seasons of the year a ferry-boat plies, and during the winter months the river is fordable" } ], "feature_notes": "Town near river with ferry crossing; fort implied by admin status but not described explicitly here", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" }, "google_place_id": "ChIJ5RFaMdeOHDkRMBaLkG-Paj4" }, { "id": "basaoli-2", "historical_name": "Basaoli", "modern_name": "Basohli", "pdf_page": 143, "pdf_viewer_page": 157, "latitude": 32.5038195, "longitude": 75.8107712, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basohli_(town)", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=4497564887212037680&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual research: Basaoli is the historical spelling of modern Basohli/Basholi town; existing Google/Wikipedia candidate retained.", "blurb": "Basaoli is estimated to contain about 1,500 houses, with a population of about 7,000, viz.:— 700 houses ... ... ... Hindús. 300 \" ... ... ... Kashmírí Mohamedans. 100 \" ... ... ... Hill Mohamedans. 200 \" ... ... ... Shops in bázár. 150 \" ... ... ... Shálbáfa. 50 \" ... ... ... Miscellaneous trades. The houses are well built of mud and dressed stone, with flat mud roofs supported on beams of timber; a long street of shops runs through the town from north-west to south-east, from which point it bends to the north and extends to within a short distance of the palace; in the by-streets are numerous gardens. There are three strong places in Basaoli, which are all situated towards the north-east end of the town, viz., an old fort now used as a treasury, the palace, and the fort of Devi Kila, built on the site of an old Hindú temple. The old fort, which is situated close to the town, is perched on the top of a limestone cone, which rises to a height of about 75 feet from the surrounding plain; it is a small masonry building, about 60 feet square, with a bastion at each corner and a dry well in the middle of the enclosure. The walls are cracked and rotten, and it has no armament, being used only as a treasury. The palace, which stands a little to the north, on the other side of a large tank, is an old square building contained by very high walls, which seem fast decaying. It is at present occupied as a residence by the widowed Rani of Kalian Pal, Rajah of Belaor. The Devi Kila is a masonry building, seemingly in good repair. It occupies the crest of the ridge which runs almost parallel to the town on the north-east, at the distance of about half a mile, rising to a height of about 300 feet above the level of the town. The sides of the ridge are steep and abrupt, and covered with scrub jungle; the fort occupies the highest point of the crest just before it drops down into the Rávi. There is a path which leads up to the fort from the direction of the palace, which must be very steep; it could, however, be easily approached from the north-west along the ridge. The form of the work appears to be an irregular square, with demi-bastions at intervals, and a large bastion at the south-east corner, facing the town and river; the walls, which are loopholed, seem to be about 40 feet high. The fort is said to be armed with three guns, with a garrison of about 50 men, and to have a spring just outside the walls in addition to the usual tank inside. This fort is also sometimes used as a prison. Basaoli is well supplied with water, as, in addition to the near vicinity of the Rávi, there are in the town two large and other small tanks, five springs, and numerous wells; of the tanks the largest is that in front of the palace, it is fed by a stone-drain from the hills to the north, and holds a supply of water in the dryest season of the year. There are a considerable number of shawls manufactured in Basaoli, but they are inferior in workmanship and material to those made in Kashmír. The shál-báfs, however, enjoy liberties and immunities which are denied to the same class in the valley. The pushtu is imported from Kashmir and is sold at Basoli at the rate of 10 rupees (British currency) a 'wallt' (equal to 1 1/2 seers), an advance of about twenty-five per cent.; this is adulterated with walabakashki pushtu, which costs here about six rupees for the same weight. The valley in which Basaoli stands is flat and highly cultivated; it stretches for about 6 miles to the south-west, and is dotted with numerous trees and divided into fields by hedges of prickly pear. Supplies are cheap and abundant.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=4497564887212037680&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJ5RFaMdeOHDkRMBaLkG-Paj4", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 94, "match_distance_km": null, "wikipedia_title": "Basohli (town)", "wikipedia_match_score": 135, "wikipedia_match_distance_km": 0.964058981567682, "features": [ "town", "fort", "spring", "garden", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "Basaoli is estimated to contain about 1,500 houses" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "There are three strong places in Basaoli... an old fort now used as a treasury... and the fort of Devi Kila" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "[The Devi Kila fort] is said to be armed with three guns, with a garrison of about 50 men, and to have a spring just outside the walls" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "in the by-streets are numerous gardens" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "The old fort... walls are cracked and rotten, and it has no armament" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "The palace... is at present occupied... but contained by very high walls, which seem fast decaying" } ], "feature_notes": "Town with forts, some in decay (ruins), gardens, and springs", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "basman", "historical_name": "BASMAN", "modern_name": "Basman", "pdf_page": 144, "pdf_viewer_page": 158, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the Maru Wurdwun valley, lying on the path some little distance from the right bank of the river. It contains a rude masjid, and some 20 houses built entirely of wood, with wooden pent-roofs, two or three stories high. A small mud fort, having six bastions, but in a very dilapidated state, commands the little hamlet, and is situated on the slope of a hill which towers far above, the summit of which is covered with snow. The elevation of the fort above the village is not a hundred feet; it is commanded by many of the surrounding heights. This fort is said to have been built by order of the Wazir Zorrawaru. A foot-path lies over the mountains to Groguldar, a village at the north-east extremity of the Khourpára pargana; it is only practicable during the height of summer. A considerable stream flows into the Maru Wardwan river just south of Basman. Supplies cannot be depended on. (Hervey.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.9, "source_longitude": 75.55, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 54'. Long. 75° 33'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "fort", "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "SMAN. Basman. Fort / historic site. A small village in the Maru Wurdwun valley, lying on the path some little distanc" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "right bank of the river. It contains a rude masjid, and some 20 houses built entirely of wood, with wooden pent-roof" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "c site. A small village in the Maru Wurdwun valley, lying on the path some little distance from the right bank of th" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ge in the Maru Wurdwun valley, lying on the path some little distance from the right bank of the river. It contain" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "basti", "historical_name": "BASTI", "modern_name": "Basti", "pdf_page": 144, "pdf_viewer_page": 158, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village surrounded by some cultivation, situated above the right bank of the Hálúní stream, about 5 miles south of Badrawár, on the road to Basaoli. It contains six houses, four being inhabited by Hindús and two by Mohomedans. The Hálúní stream is crossed by a bridge about a mile above the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.933333, "source_longitude": 75.75, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 56'. Long. 75° 45'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "some cultivation, situated above the right bank of the Hálúní stream, about 5 miles south of Badrawár, on the roa" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "homedans. The Hálúní stream is crossed by a bridge about a mile above the village." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "am, about 5 miles south of Badrawár, on the road to Basaoli. It contains six houses, four being inhabited by Hindú" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bata", "historical_name": "BATA", "modern_name": "Bata", "pdf_page": 144, "pdf_viewer_page": 158, "latitude": 34.5605916, "longitude": 73.8602841, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8608059585181293586&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-04 candidate batch: Historical Bata is described in Lower Drawar above the right bank of the Kishen Ganga; modern Bata preserves the name in the same Kishenganga/Neelum valley setting. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A village in Lower Drawar, situated above the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river. It contains four houses, a masjid, and the ziárat of Syud Lal Sháh. There are a few fruit and other trees about the village, which is supplied with water by a little stream flowing from a spring on the hill above. The bridge which usually crosses the Kishen Ganga on the path between this village and Sharkot, about 3 miles to the north-east, is now in ruins.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8608059585181293586&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.566667, "source_longitude": 73.9, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 34'. Long. 73° 54'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJUYXdP7fA4DgREpwg1JX4dXc", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 122, "match_distance_km": 3.698944138480535, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "spring", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "... and the ziárat of Syud Lal Sháh" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "supplied with water by a little stream flowing from a spring on the hill above" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "The bridge which usually crosses the Kishen Ganga ... is now in ruins" } ], "feature_notes": "Village with shrine, spring, and a ruined bridge crossing nearby", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "batai", "historical_name": "BATAI", "modern_name": "Batai", "pdf_page": 144, "pdf_viewer_page": 158, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Púneh, on the path to Kotli, about 10 miles south-west of Púneh; it stretches for a great distance along the left bank of the Púnch Toi river. The houses, which are much scattered, number in all about 100, all the inhabitants being Mohomedans, and for the most part zemindars; there are two or three families of boatmen, who are employed in working the neighbouring ferry below the village of Ser. The rice fields below this village are very extensive, and dry crops are also cultivated on the upper slopes.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.683333, "source_longitude": 74.016667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 41'. Long. 74° 1'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "retches for a great distance along the left bank of the Púnch Toi river. The houses, which are much scattered, num" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "ho are employed in working the neighbouring ferry below the village of Ser. The rice fields below this village are" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "Batai. Village. A village in Púneh, on the path to Kotli, about 10 miles south-west of Púneh; it stretches for a" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "batalkot", "historical_name": "BATALKOT", "modern_name": "Batalkot", "pdf_page": 145, "pdf_viewer_page": 159, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This village lies about 21 miles north-east of Punch, near the mouth of a narrow valley leading to the Nurpur and Sang Sofed passes. Iron is mined in the vicinity, and the inhabitants, comprising about 10 Mohamedan families, are engaged in its manufacture, and also in agriculture. The iron here produced sells for 6 seers the rupee (British currency).", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.833333, "source_longitude": 74.383333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 50'. Long. 74° 23'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "h-east of Punch, near the mouth of a narrow valley leading to the Nurpur and Sang Sofed passes. Iron is mined in the" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "batapura", "historical_name": "BATAPURA", "modern_name": "Batapora", "pdf_page": 145, "pdf_viewer_page": 159, "latitude": 34.1598588, "longitude": 74.8465404, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=14553335639958779507&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Batapora, Srinagar 190006. Score 100; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village lying a few miles north of Srinagar, the tehsil station of the Phak pargana.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=14553335639958779507&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.166667, "source_longitude": 74.883333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 10'. Long. 74° 53'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJsxGaUGmE4TgRc3bGXKjV98k", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 100, "match_distance_km": 3.4688011728126473, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village lying a few miles north of Srinagar" } ], "feature_notes": "Features classified by LLM from the gazetteer entry context.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "batgund", "historical_name": "BATGUND", "modern_name": "Batagund", "pdf_page": 145, "pdf_viewer_page": 159, "latitude": 33.951369, "longitude": 75.0925052, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1471400204438462843&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-04 candidate batch: Historical Batgund is a large village in the Tral valley; modern Batagund near Tral preserves the name and locality. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A large village in the Tral valley, lying at the northern foot of the Multrag hill, the east spur of the Wastarwan mountain.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1471400204438462843&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.95, "source_longitude": 75.133333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 57'. Long. 75° 8'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJOTIg8XYi4jgRe-H9q7B2axQ", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 100, "match_distance_km": 3.7689604839047237, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "agund. Village. A large village in the Tral valley, lying at the northern foot of the Multrag hill, the east spur of" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "batgund-2", "historical_name": "BATGUND", "modern_name": "Batagund", "pdf_page": 145, "pdf_viewer_page": 159, "latitude": 33.951369, "longitude": 75.0925052, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1471400204438462843&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 manual candidate batch: Historical Batgund is a close preserved-name match to modern Batagund/Batagund locality; existing candidate coordinates place it in the expected south Kashmir zone. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A village situated on the slope of the mountains, on the northern side of the Shahabad valley. It lies on the direct path from Vernag to the Bringh pargana.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1471400204438462843&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.55, "source_longitude": 75.3, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 33'. Long. 75° 18'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJOTIg8XYi4jgRe-H9q7B2axQ", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 88, "match_distance_km": 48.57849081030845, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "tains, on the northern side of the Shahabad valley. It lies on the direct path from Vernag to the Bringh pargana." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "the Shahabad valley. It lies on the direct path from Vernag to the Bringh pargana." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "batiyan", "historical_name": "BATIYAN", "modern_name": "Batiyan", "pdf_page": 145, "pdf_viewer_page": 159, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village lying on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga river, about 6 miles north-east of Mozafarabad, on the path towards Titwal. It contains five houses; both rice and dry crops are grown in the fields, which are much scattered; a small stream flows down from the hills through the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.433333, "source_longitude": 73.566667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 26'. Long. 73° 34'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "tiyan. Village. A village lying on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga river, about 6 miles north-east of Mozafaraba" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "t 6 miles north-east of Mozafarabad, on the path towards Titwal. It contains five houses; both rice and dry crops" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "batmalu", "historical_name": "BATMALU", "modern_name": "Batmaloo", "pdf_page": 145, "pdf_viewer_page": 159, "latitude": 34.0645078, "longitude": 74.7944606, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=14051824341710289191&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Batmaloo, Srinagar. Score 86; review before marking final.", "blurb": "This village, or suburb of Srinagar, is called Batamal Sahib by the Kashmiris. It lies on the banks of the Dulh Ganga river, about half a mile west of the Sher Garhi, the intervening ground being a level plain; to the north-west stretches the wide expanse which is used as a parade ground, and to the west and south-west the Bimman Nambal or morass. A substantial kadal bridge spans the Dulh Ganga in the middle of the village, and there is another similar bridge at the end of the avenue of poplars, about 600 yards to the north; this latter is about 144 feet in length and 25 in breadth. There are some gardens and fruit trees in the village, and much rice cultivation near it. An estimate of the population gives 80 houses inhabited by Mohamedan zemindars:—20 Pandits, including two shop-keepers; 100 shal-bafs; 7 shop-keepers, Mohamedans; 3 washermen; 2 watchmen; 3 messengers; 10 sweepers; 2 blacksmiths; a carpenter; 2 cotton-cleansers; 4 mullahs; 12 Pir Zadas; and 15 houses inhabited by Sepoys and their families. The suburb also contains three mosques, and the shrine of Batmalu Sahib.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=14051824341710289191&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.066667, "source_longitude": 74.833333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 4'. Long. 74° 50'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJiSmXau-P4TgRJznU_ckbAsM", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 86, "match_distance_km": 3.5887144378300286, "wikipedia_title": "", "wikipedia_match_score": null, "wikipedia_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "bridge_or_ferry", "garden", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "This village, or suburb of Srinagar" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "A substantial kadal bridge spans the Dulh Ganga in the middle of the village, and there is another similar bridge at the end of the avenue of poplars" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "There are some gardens and fruit trees in the village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "The suburb also contains three mosques, and the shrine of Batmalu Sahib." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "It lies on the banks of the Dulh Ganga river" } ], "feature_notes": "Village/suburb on river with bridges, gardens, mosques and a shrine", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "batoli", "historical_name": "BATOLI", "modern_name": "Chakka batoli bani", "pdf_page": 145, "pdf_viewer_page": 159, "latitude": 32.9821488, "longitude": 75.6923018, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=5577965368922227896&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-04 candidate batch: Historical Batoli is a small Badrawar/Bhaderwah-side village near the Bin Kad stream; the Google candidate at Batoli/Chakka, Bhaderwah is plausible but needs local review.", "blurb": "A small village in Badrawar, containing about six houses; it is situated on the right bank of the Bin Kad stream, about half a mile south of the village of Kullain, the usual stage between Badrawar and Doda.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=5577965368922227896&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.05, "source_longitude": 75.666667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 3'. Long. 75° 40'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJS2n8DwCrHTkRuEQKIPPpaE0", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 82, "match_distance_km": 7.9142596094685995, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "out six houses; it is situated on the right bank of the Bin Kad stream, about half a mile south of the village of" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "south of the village of Kullain, the usual stage between Badrawar and Doda." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "batpura", "historical_name": "BATPURA", "modern_name": "Batpura", "pdf_page": 145, "pdf_viewer_page": 159, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the Suknag river, at the foot of the mountains north east of the Tosha maidan. This village seems to be identical with Kanyelthama, which contains 160 houses inhabited by Mohamedan zemindars, 10 shal-bafs, 7 Pandits, 2 bakers, and 2 bunnias. When the rivers are in flood, the Suknag is said to be navigable for large boats as high up as Batpura.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.966667, "source_longitude": 74.616667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 58'. Long. 74° 37'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ra. Village. A village situated on the left bank of the Suknag river, at the foot of the mountains north east of t" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "batp-ra", "historical_name": "BATPŪRA", "modern_name": "Batpora", "pdf_page": 146, "pdf_viewer_page": 160, "latitude": 34.0861493, "longitude": 74.515567, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=17291822617185023934&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Batpora 193404. Score 88; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small village situated at the foot of a spur from the range of hills on the north-east side of the Machhipūra pargana; it lies on the road from Sopūr to Shālúra, and is watered by a small stream, a branch of the Dangerwári. The village is surrounded with rice fields, and contains the ziárat of Bahawádhín Gang Baksh.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=17291822617185023934&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.433333, "source_longitude": 74.3, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 26'. Long. 74° 18'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJgchEQnGj4TgRvvdg6A3l-O8", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 88, "match_distance_km": 43.391530095411504, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "rrounded with rice fields, and contains the ziárat of Bahawádhín Gang Baksh." }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "age situated at the foot of a spur from the range of hills on the north-east side of the Machhipūra pargana; it lie" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Sopūr to Shālúra, and is watered by a small stream, a branch of the Dangerwári. The village is surrounded with rice" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "e of the Machhipūra pargana; it lies on the road from Sopūr to Shālúra, and is watered by a small stream, a branch" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "batp-ra-2", "historical_name": "BATPŪRA", "modern_name": "Batpora", "pdf_page": 146, "pdf_viewer_page": 160, "latitude": 33.6715577, "longitude": 74.9866287, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brenti_Bat_Pora", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=18172216825176618468&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Batpora. Score 100; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A suburb of Shupian, called also Batgūnd; it lies to the north-west of the town, on the right bank of the Rembiára, and contains about 15 houses, inhabited exclusively by Hindús. Many of the houses are substantial brick buildings. North-west of the village is a suitable spot for encamping, well shaded by trees, and supplied with good water.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=18172216825176618468&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.716667, "source_longitude": 74.866667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 43'. Long. 74° 52'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJQTXVaB4C4jgR5HUHBuyuMPw", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 100, "match_distance_km": 12.179157987206441, "wikipedia_title": "Brenti Bat Pora", "wikipedia_match_score": 94, "wikipedia_match_distance_km": 12.541700535248339, "features": [ "town", "garden" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "A suburb of Shupian... contains about 15 houses" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "North-west of the village is a suitable spot for encamping, well shaded by trees" } ], "feature_notes": "Small town with tree-shaded area used for encamping", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "batvergan", "historical_name": "BATVERGAN", "modern_name": "Batvergan", "pdf_page": 146, "pdf_viewer_page": 160, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Uttar pargana, where there is a numerous colony of monkeys. It contains a thanah, and plenty of supplies are procurable. (Elmslie—Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.533333, "source_longitude": 74.266667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 32'. Long. 74° 16'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "batu", "historical_name": "BATU", "modern_name": "Batu", "pdf_page": 146, "pdf_viewer_page": 160, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A pargana of the Mirzá division, lying on the right bank of the Rembiára river, on the south-west side of the valley of Kashmír. Shupian is the tehsil and zilla station.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bat", "historical_name": "BATŪ", "modern_name": "Batu", "pdf_page": 146, "pdf_viewer_page": 160, "latitude": 34.035581, "longitude": 74.4393729, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=135190181070490088&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Batu 193402. Score 74; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village containing five houses, situated on the right bank of the Maru Wardwan river, almost opposite the village of Wardwan. It lies on a small plateau above the left bank of the stream which flows down from the Margan pass; there is a kadal bridge across this torrent just below the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=135190181070490088&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.783333, "source_longitude": 75.616667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 47'. Long. 75° 37'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJUXZtAc264TgR6MnT38BK4AE", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 74, "match_distance_km": 112.20562899086656, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "the stream which flows down from the Margan pass; there is a kadal bridge across this torrent just below the villa" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ntaining five houses, situated on the right bank of the Maru Wardwan river, almost opposite the village of Wardwan" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "flows down from the Margan pass; there is a kadal bridge across this torrent just below the village." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bawan", "historical_name": "BAWAN", "modern_name": "Bawan", "pdf_page": 146, "pdf_viewer_page": 160, "latitude": 33.6387165, "longitude": 75.1662449, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Masjid+Sharif+Lok+bawan/@33.6387165,75.1662449,440m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e2093834abeff1:0x58d5e4670a61282b!8m2!3d33.638688!4d75.1657332!16s%2Fg%2F11r7b22vkx?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch: Corrected from a false northern Kashmir Bawan candidate. Gazetteer places Bawan by the Lidder, Martand, and Islamabad/Anantnag; pinned to Bawan/Bawan Spring near Martand at approx. 33°46′N, 75°13′E.", "blurb": "A village on the left bank of the Lidar river, containing a magnificent spring; it is about 1½ miles from the ruins of Martand, situated under the northern side of the karayansh of Islamabad, from whence by the direct road it is about 5 miles distant. The spring, which is esteemed very sacred, gushes with impetuosity from a horizontal fissure in the lime-stone rock at the foot of the hills behind the village; the water is received into tanks, which swarm with fish. There is a fine grove of chunars in the village. Supplies procurable.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Masjid+Sharif+Lok+bawan/@33.6387165,75.1662449,440m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e2093834abeff1:0x58d5e4670a61282b!8m2!3d33.638688!4d75.1657332!16s%2Fg%2F11r7b22vkx?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.766667, "source_longitude": 75.25, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 46'. Long. 75° 15'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 92, "features": [ "village", "spring", "forest" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "containing a magnificent spring" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "There is a fine grove of chunars in the village" } ], "feature_notes": "Village with a sacred spring and a chinar tree grove", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bayil", "historical_name": "BAYIL", "modern_name": "Bayil", "pdf_page": 146, "pdf_viewer_page": 160, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village situated on the top of the hill north-west of Doda; it contains about 30 houses, two-thirds of the population being Hindús.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.166667, "source_longitude": 75.566667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 10'. Long. 75° 34'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "beakan", "historical_name": "BEAKAN", "modern_name": "Beakan", "pdf_page": 146, "pdf_viewer_page": 160, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the Basoli district, containing six or seven houses, situated above the right bank of the Siowa river, near the junction of the Kad stream, which is crossed by a wooden bridge. Below the village there is a temporary bridge across the Siowa on the path to Sertal. Beakan lies to the west of the direct path between Basoli and Badrawár, but cattle are required to take the road which passes through the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.683333, "source_longitude": 75.85, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 41'. Long. 75° 51'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "x or seven houses, situated above the right bank of the Siowa river, near the junction of the Kad stream, which is" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "he Kad stream, which is crossed by a wooden bridge. Below the village there is a temporary bridge across the Siowa o" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "a temporary bridge across the Siowa on the path to Sertal. Beakan lies to the west of the direct path between Bas" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "behat", "historical_name": "BEHAT", "modern_name": "Jhelum River", "pdf_page": 146, "pdf_viewer_page": 160, "latitude": 34.087, "longitude": 74.799, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jhelum_River", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Jhelum%20River%20Srinagar", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Behat is explicitly given as another name for the chief river of Kashmir, with a cross-reference to Jhelam; pinned to the river at Srinagar as a map anchor.", "blurb": "A name of the chief river of Kashmír. (See JHELAM.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "strong", "reviewed_at": "2026-06-04 manual disambiguation batch 10", "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "beja", "historical_name": "BEJA", "modern_name": "Beja", "pdf_page": 147, "pdf_viewer_page": 161, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village lying south-east of Badrawár, on the road to Chamba, by the Padri pass. The Nerú river is bridged beneath it.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.95, "source_longitude": 75.8, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 57'. Long. 75° 48'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "drawár, on the road to Chamba, by the Padri pass. The Nerú river is bridged beneath it." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "road to Chamba, by the Padri pass. The Nerú river is bridged beneath it." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "illage lying south-east of Badrawár, on the road to Chamba, by the Padri pass. The Nerú river is bridged beneath i" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bela", "historical_name": "BELA", "modern_name": "Bela Forest", "pdf_page": 147, "pdf_viewer_page": 161, "latitude": 33.7916667, "longitude": 74.3583333, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=5241035758369977318&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Bela Forest, Loran 185102. Score 102; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small village about 16 miles north-east of Púnch, on the steep side of the mountain on the left bank of the Dalí Nar stream, which here flows through a very narrow valley. Bela contains 12 houses inhabited by Gújars; there is a little dry cultivation and a few stunted walnut trees about the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=5241035758369977318&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.816667, "source_longitude": 74.35, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 49'. Long. 74° 21'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJY2TN2x_J4TgR5jPDCEHmu0g", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 102, "match_distance_km": 2.8845682378527897, "features": [ "village", "mountain" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A small village" }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "on the steep side of the mountain on the left bank of the Dalí Nar stream" } ], "feature_notes": "Features classified by LLM from the gazetteer entry context.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "beladori", "historical_name": "BELADORI", "modern_name": "Beladori", "pdf_page": 147, "pdf_viewer_page": 161, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A spur from the range of mountains separating the Kathai and Dachin districts, on the right bank of the Jhelam, west of Baramúla; it trends in a south-easterly direction to the village of Gingl. Iron is found on the ridge in several places, and the ore is smelted, but not in great quantities. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.166667, "source_longitude": 74.083333, "source_coordinate_text": "Survey station. Lat. 34° 10'. Long. 74° 5'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ELADORI. Beladori. Village. A spur from the range of mountains separating the Kathai and Dachin districts, on the r" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "e Kathai and Dachin districts, on the right bank of the Jhelam, west of Baramúla; it trends in a south-easterly di" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "beloh", "historical_name": "BELOH", "modern_name": "Beloh", "pdf_page": 147, "pdf_viewer_page": 161, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small hamlet consisting of 3 or 4 shepherds' huts, on the road between Rajaóri and Aliabad Serai by the Nandan Sar pass, 19 miles from Rajaóri and 12 from Aliabad Serai. The mountains here are long, smooth, and sloping, and in summer covered with magnificent pasturage. No supplies procurable; fuel must be brought from a point a mile distant; water abundant. The Refpi valley may be reached from Beloh in a short march by an easy road passing over the Darhal pass and by the Bhág Sar. (Allgood.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.516667, "source_longitude": 74.55, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 31'. Long. 74° 33'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Serai / rest house", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "serai", "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "serai", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "serai", "quote": "admin_status: Serai / rest house" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "BELOH. Beloh. Serai / rest house. A small hamlet consisting of 3 or 4 shepherds' huts, on the road between Rajaór" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ajaóri and Aliabad Serai by the Nandan Sar pass, 19 miles from Rajaóri and 12 from Aliabad Serai. The mountains" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "en Rajaóri and Aliabad Serai by the Nandan Sar pass, 19 miles from Rajaóri and 12 from Aliabad Serai. The mount" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "onsisting of 3 or 4 shepherds' huts, on the road between Rajaóri and Aliabad Serai by the Nandan Sar pass, 19 mil" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "beraru", "historical_name": "BERARU", "modern_name": "Beraru", "pdf_page": 147, "pdf_viewer_page": 161, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Badrawár, inhabited by Hindús and Mohamedans, situated above the right bank of the Nerú river, which is crossed by a bridge below the village, about a mile to the north of it. There is a baradari in the village, and seven houses which are much scattered, and surrounded by cultivation.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.083333, "source_longitude": 75.65, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 5'. Long. 75° 39'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ús and Mohamedans, situated above the right bank of the Nerú river, which is crossed by a bridge below the village" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "nk of the Nerú river, which is crossed by a bridge below the village, about a mile to the north of it. There is a ba" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bhala", "historical_name": "BHALA", "modern_name": "Bhala", "pdf_page": 147, "pdf_viewer_page": 161, "latitude": 33.0677993, "longitude": 75.6127058, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Jamia+Masjid+Bhalla/@33.0677993,75.6127058,792m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x391daf00175468a3:0xacd78d771e4cec47!8m2!3d33.0687659!4d75.611761!16s%2Fg%2F11m64splgw?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch: Historical Bhala is on the Badrawar to Doda road in the Bhaderwah/Doda hill tract; existing Google candidate retained as the best modern equivalent.", "blurb": "A small Mohamedan village, containing eight houses, on the road from Badrawár to Doda. It stands on the left bank of a small stream, which runs into the Bin Kad close to its junction with the Nerú river. The Bin Kad stream is bridged between this village and Kullain.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Jamia+Masjid+Bhalla/@33.0677993,75.6127058,792m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x391daf00175468a3:0xacd78d771e4cec47!8m2!3d33.0687659!4d75.611761!16s%2Fg%2F11m64splgw?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.066667, "source_longitude": 75.666667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 4'. Long. 75° 40'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJXWoYKbauHTkRIUSSPABX7PM", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 91, "features": [ "village", "bridge_or_ferry", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A small Mohamedan village" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "The Bin Kad stream is bridged between this village and Kullain." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "It stands on the left bank of a small stream, which runs into the Bin Kad close to its junction with the Nerú river" } ], "feature_notes": "Village on stream with a bridged stream junction", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bhaniy-r", "historical_name": "BHANIYÁR", "modern_name": "Boniyar", "pdf_page": 147, "pdf_viewer_page": 161, "latitude": 34.13638889, "longitude": 74.17861111, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boniyar", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Boniyar%20Baramulla%20Jammu%20and%20Kashmir", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Bhaniyár lies on the Uri-Naoshera/Baramulla road where a stream meets the Jhelum; the nearby temple ruin also matches the Boniyar/Buniyar area.", "blurb": "A village on the right bank of the Hargapatti stream, where it empties itself into the Jhelam on the road between Uri and Naoshera. Supplies are scarce. From Bhaniyár, Srinagar may be reached by a path over the Sallar pass in five stages. East of the village, on the road about 2 miles from Naoshera, stands a magnificent ruin, one of the best preserved specimens of ancient architecture in Kashmir; it is a famous place of pilgrimage for Hindús, and is much frequented. The shrine is a cella of larger dimensions than usual, being 18½ feet thick, supported on a basement 4 feet square, of singularly noble proportions. It is the earliest example in the country that still retains its original enclosure, a cloistered quadrangle measuring 145 by 120 feet. Though the finer touches of the chisel have been effaced by time, the colonnade is in other respects almost perfect. The wall is pierced by a series of pedimented and trefoiled arches, forming shallow recesses for the accommodation of priests and pilgrims, and in front of each pier is a circular column attached to the intablature by a short transverse architrave. The central gateway is of similar character with the temple-porches, and has a pair of lofty detached columns on either face, and in the centre a cross-wall closed by a wooden door. This plan of having the door not flush with either wall, but an equal distance from both under the centre of the gateway, is to be observed also at Martund and Avantipúr. It has an obvious advantage in affording shelter to persons claiming either admission or exit, and the artistic effect is excellent. At some distance on the road is another temple of similar character, but originally, as it would seem, of more elaborate design. Here, however, the surrounding colonnade, if it ever existed, has entirely disappeared, and only the blank wall remains. (Allgood-Growse.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Boniyar%20Baramulla%20Jammu%20and%20Kashmir", "source_latitude": 34.133333, "source_longitude": 74.216667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 8'. Long. 74° 13'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "strong", "reviewed_at": "2026-06-04 manual disambiguation batch 10", "features": [ "village", "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "google_place_id": "ChIJJ0zbSaNU4DgRZ9MfHvUUUII", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village on the right bank of the Hargapatti stream" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "East of the village, on the road about 2 miles from Naoshera, stands a magnificent ruin... one of the best preserved specimens of ancient architecture in Kashmir" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "It is a famous place of pilgrimage for Hindús... The shrine is a cella..." } ], "feature_notes": "Village near renowned ancient architectural ruins that are a pilgrimage shrine", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bhara", "historical_name": "BHARA", "modern_name": "Bhara", "pdf_page": 148, "pdf_viewer_page": 162, "latitude": 33.0993777, "longitude": 75.5790029, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1550597303095193569&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 2: Historical Bhara is in Badrawar/Bhaderwah on the Bin Kad stream near Kullain; existing Google candidate in the Bhaderwah-Doda hill tract retained.", "blurb": "A village in Badrawár, lying on the slope of the hill above the right bank of the Bin Kad stream, about half a mile south-west of Kullain. It contains 16 houses inhabited by Hindús. There is much cultivation around this village and in the valley generally.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1550597303095193569&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.05, "source_longitude": 75.666667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 3'. Long. 75° 40'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJIfcWWQivHTkR4e-qIAjUhBU", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 92, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in Badrawár, lying on the slope of the hill above the right bank of the Bin Kad stream" } ], "feature_notes": "Classified as village by admin status and described as village with houses and cultivation.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bhat-khol", "historical_name": "BHAT KHOL", "modern_name": "Bhat Khol", "pdf_page": 148, "pdf_viewer_page": 162, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A stream which rises at the foot of the Bhút Kol or Lanwi Lá Pass leading into Súrá, and forms one of the head waters of the Maru Wardwan river. It flows in a north-westerly direction through a narrow valley; the average breadth of its channel is from 100 to 120 yards, and in some parts it is not less than a quarter of a mile in width, and occupies the entire valley. Huge blocks of snow strew the banks, and the surrounding mountains are sharp and rugged. The road into Súrá by the Bhút Kol pass follows the course of this stream. (Hersey.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "pass", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ses at the foot of the Bhút Kol or Lanwi Lá Pass leading into Súrá, and forms one of the head waters of the Maru W" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ounding mountains are sharp and rugged. The road into Súrá by the Bhút Kol pass follows the course of this stream." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bhatkot", "historical_name": "BHATKOT", "modern_name": "Batkoot", "pdf_page": 148, "pdf_viewer_page": 162, "latitude": 34.0598, "longitude": 75.3834, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Batkoot%20Pahalgam%20Anantnag", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 7: Historical Bhatkot is between Eishmakan/Aishmuqam and Pahalgam on the Lidder; modern Batkoot/Bot-Kote in Pahalgam tehsil is the closest surviving administrative name. Coordinates from LGD-style village page.", "blurb": "A small village about midway between Eishmakan and Palgám, prettily situated on the left bank of the Lidar. Some supplies procurable.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://chennaiiq.com/jammu-and-kashmir-state/anantnag-district/pahalgam-tehsil/batkoot-village", "source_latitude": 33.95, "source_longitude": 75.333333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 57'. Long. 75° 20'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_status": "strong", "match_score": 92, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "n and Palgám, prettily situated on the left bank of the Lidar. Some supplies procurable." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bhedri-ka-galli", "historical_name": "BHEDRI KA GALLI", "modern_name": "Bhedri Ka Galli", "pdf_page": 148, "pdf_viewer_page": 162, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A pass over the mountain range, between the valley of the Kishen Ganga and Khágán; it lies at the head of the Pakote valley, and is traversed by a fair path.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.6, "source_longitude": 73.583333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 36'. Long. 73° 35'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Pass / route", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "admin_status: Pass / route" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "A pass over the mountain range, between the valley of the Kishen Ganga and Khágán; it lies at the head of the Pakote" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "BHEDRI KA GALLI. Bhedri Ka Galli. Pass / route. A pass over the mountain range, between the valley of the Kishen" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bhimber", "historical_name": "BHIMBER", "modern_name": "Bhimber", "pdf_page": 148, "pdf_viewer_page": 162, "latitude": 32.97472222, "longitude": 74.07305556, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhimber", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=5274367955827090555&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Bhimber. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small town situated in the plains, on the right bank of a stream of the same name, which flows into the Chenáb near Wazirabad. Bhimber is about 29 miles north of Gujrát, 22 miles east of Jhelam, and 50 miles north-west of Sialkot. The place is of some importance, as being the point of departure from the plains for Kashmir; it is distant about 150 miles from Srinagar, by the Pir Panjál route. The town, which is mostly built of stone, is surrounded on all except the south side by low hills, about 500 or 600 feet in height. There is an old Mogul Serai in the middle of the town, and a brick garhi or fort of no strength on the north; the former building is used as the thanah and district officer's residence. To the south of the town are two buildings for the reception of travellers; there is also a good encamping ground supplied with water from the nadi. This stream is usually shallow and fordable, but is liable to freshets. Supplies procurable.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=5274367955827090555", "source_latitude": 32.966667, "source_longitude": 74.133333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 58'. Long. 74° 8'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Serai / rest house", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJVUB710SwHzkRe-TGBbZRMkk", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "town", "fort", "serai" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "A small town situated in the plains" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "a brick garhi or fort of no strength on the north" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "There is an old Mogul Serai in the middle of the town" } ], "feature_notes": "Town is the main place; fort and serai are described as within or in the town itself.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bhimber-galli", "historical_name": "BHIMBER GALLI", "modern_name": "Bhimber Gali", "pdf_page": 149, "pdf_viewer_page": 163, "latitude": 33.5505448, "longitude": 74.221601, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhimber_Gali", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8046859990346288773&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Bhimber Gali. Score 100; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A pass over the range of hills between Rajaori and the Mendola district of Púnch.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8046859990346288773&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.55, "source_longitude": 74.266667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 33'. Long. 74° 16'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Pass / route", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJr4nPN8rU4TgRhc7k8YYwrG8", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 100, "match_distance_km": 4.176704973276536, "wikipedia_title": "Bhimber Gali", "wikipedia_match_score": 135, "wikipedia_match_distance_km": 0.25190391070687695, "features": [ "pass" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "A pass over the range of hills between Rajaori and the Mendola district" } ], "feature_notes": "Clearly described as a pass over a range of hills.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bhutgmur", "historical_name": "BHU'TGMUR", "modern_name": "Bhutgmur", "pdf_page": 149, "pdf_viewer_page": 163, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of the mountain range on the east side of the Trál valley; the chief path to the Dachinpárá pargana and the Lidar valley lies over this range.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": ". Gazetteer entry. The name of the mountain range on the east side of the Trál valley; the chief path to the Dachin" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "mountain range on the east side of the Trál valley; the chief path to the Dachinpárá pargana and the Lidar valley li" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "the east side of the Trál valley; the chief path to the Dachinpárá pargana and the Lidar valley lies over this ran" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bhumju-or-bumzu-or-bhaumajo", "historical_name": "BHU'MJU or BU'MZU or BHAUMAJO", "modern_name": "Bumzuva Cave and Temple", "pdf_page": 149, "pdf_viewer_page": 163, "latitude": 33.7620132, "longitude": 75.2028968, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumzuva_Cave_and_Temple", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Bumzuva+Cave+and+Temple/@33.7620132,75.2028968,7829m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m10!1m2!2m1!1scave!3m6!1s0x38e20e39de5fa345:0x73171c7f77648bf6!8m2!3d33.7702538!4d75.2131644!15sCgRjYXZlkgEMaGluZHVfdGVtcGxl4AEA!16s%2Fg%2F11pzmlgw09?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research: source's Bhumju/Bumzu/Bhaumajo cave-temple maps to modern Bumzuva Cave and Temple near Bumazuv/Bawan. Coordinates from cave gazetteer; review before marking final.", "blurb": "These caves are situated on the left bank of the Lidar river, about a mile north of the village of Bawan, the largest is dedicated to Kaladeva. The cave-temple stands at the far end of a natural but artificially enlarged fissure in the limestone cliff. The entrance to the cavern, which is more than 60 feet above the level of the river, is carved into an architectural doorway, and a gloomy passage 50 feet in length leads from it to the door of the temple. It is a simple cella, 10 feet square exterior dimensions, raised on a boldly moulded plinth, and approached by a short flight of steps.\n\nThe square doorway is flanked by two round-headed niches despoiled of their statues, and is surmounted by a high triangular pediment reaching to the apex of the roof, with a trefoiled tympanum. There is no record nor tradition as to the time of erection; but from the absence of all ornamentation, and the simple character of the roof, which appears to be a rudimentary copy in stone of the ordinary sloping timber roof of the country, it may with great probability be inferred that this is the earliest perfect specimen of a Kashmir temple, and dates from the first or second century of the christian era.\n\nClose by is another cave of still greater extent, but with no architectural accessories; and about half a mile further up the valley, at the foot of the cliff, are two temples, the larger of which has been converted into a Mohamedan tomb. Both are to a considerable extent copies of the cave-temple, but may be of much later date. The shrine of Baba Rámúdín Rishi and the tomb of his disciple Rúkú-dín Rishi are also close by. Hügel states that the Bhúmjú caves occupy a very conspicuous place in the fables of the timid Kashmírís, and are supposed to have originated from the following causes: In the year Kali 2108 (993 B.\n\nC.) Raja Nara succeeded his father, Vibhásána; during his reign a certain Brahmin espoused Chandrasáhna, the daughter of Susravas, a serpent-god, whose palace was in a lake near the Vitusta, and near a city built and inhabited by Nara. One day as Raja Nara beheld the beautiful daughter of the serpent on the shore of the lake moving gracefully through the calm waters, he was struck with the deepest admiration, and endeavoured vainly to inspire the same sentiments he himself felt. At length he resolved to carry her off from her husband, but the plan failed, and the enraged Brahmin called on her father to avenge the insult.\n\nA storm was accordingly called up, and the earth opened and swallowed up the king and his whole court. The sister of the serpent-god assisted him, and hurled on the city huge stones from the Bámna mountain. The caverns of Bhúmjú are said to be on the spot where these rocks were uptorn. (Hügel—Crowse.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Bumzuva+Cave+and+Temple/@33.7620132,75.2028968,7829m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m10!1m2!2m1!1scave!3m6!1s0x38e20e39de5fa345:0x73171c7f77648bf6!8m2!3d33.7702538!4d75.2131644!15sCgRjYXZlkgEMaGluZHVfdGVtcGxl4AEA!16s%2Fg%2F11pzmlgw09?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.783333, "source_longitude": 75.266667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 47'. Long. 75° 16'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "village", "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "These caves are situated ... about a mile north of the village of Bawan" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "The cave-temple stands ... dedicated to Kaladeva ... The shrine of Baba Rámúdín Rishi and the tomb of his disciple Rúkú-dín Rishi are also close by" } ], "feature_notes": "Primary place is the village; the cave-temple and shrines within or directly adjacent provide religious_site.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bhurtpura", "historical_name": "BHURTPURA", "modern_name": "Bhurtpura", "pdf_page": 150, "pdf_viewer_page": 164, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Diosur pargana, lying about half a mile north-east of Kúri.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.616667, "source_longitude": 74.933333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 37'. Long. 74° 56'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "biarun", "historical_name": "BIARUN", "modern_name": "Biarun", "pdf_page": 150, "pdf_viewer_page": 164, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in Púnch, lying at the mouth of a narrow valley on the left bank of the Dalí Nar stream, north-west of the Núrpur and Sang Sofed passes, about 20 miles north-east of Púnch by a fair path. The village contains about 12 flat-roofed houses inhabited by Mohamedan zemindars. The cultivation is confined to dry crops.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.833333, "source_longitude": 74.383333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 50'. Long. 74° 23'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ge in Púnch, lying at the mouth of a narrow valley on the left bank of the Dalí Nar stream, north-west of the Núrpur" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "bout 20 miles north-east of Púnch by a fair path. The village contains about 12 flat-roofed houses inhabited by Mo" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bichl-r", "historical_name": "BICHLÁRÍ", "modern_name": "Bichlárí", "pdf_page": 150, "pdf_viewer_page": 164, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This river, which drains the Banihál district, is formed by the junction of the Mohu and Banihál streams, which take their rise on the slopes of the Pansál range, and unite below the village of Nachilána; the Bichlári at first flows in a south-east direction until it receives the combined waters of the Pogal and Peristán streams by its left bank, when it takes a more westerly course through a narrow valley, and empties itself into the Chenáb, in lat. 33° 15', long. 75° 12', about 6 miles west of Rámband. The road from Jamu to Kashmír by the Banihál pass lies on the banks of the Bichlári, which it crosses by bridges, above Digdhol, below Rámsá, and again just above the village of Gagán.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "which take their rise on the slopes of the Pansál range, and unite below the village of Nachilána; the Bichlári at" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "BICHLÁRÍ. Bichlárí. Village. This river, which drains the Banihál district, is formed by the junction of" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "75° 12', about 6 miles west of Rámband. The road from Jamu to Kashmír by the Banihál pass lies on the banks of the" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bifliaj", "historical_name": "BIFLIAJ", "modern_name": "Bafliaz", "pdf_page": 150, "pdf_viewer_page": 164, "latitude": 33.6169367, "longitude": 74.3466718, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bafliaz", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Baflaiz+185121/@33.6169367,74.3466718,3147m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e1d120b957759b:0x5293f3c93cd01822!8m2!3d33.6169376!4d74.3569715!16s%2Fg%2F1tgc7xdq?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMi4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Bifliaj is between Thanamandi and Suran, near Rattan Pir and south-east of Poonch; this aligns with modern Bafliaz/Buffliaz.", "blurb": "A small village between Thanna Mandi and Súrán, about 3 miles north of the Ruttan pir pass; it is picturesquely situated on the side of the hill, about 400 feet above the right bank of the Súrán river. Bifliaj is about 20 miles south-east of Púnch. (Lace.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Baflaiz+185121/@33.6169367,74.3466718,3147m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e1d120b957759b:0x5293f3c93cd01822!8m2!3d33.6169376!4d74.3569715!16s%2Fg%2F1tgc7xdq?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMi4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.616667, "source_longitude": 74.383333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 37'. Long. 74° 23'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "strong", "reviewed_at": "2026-06-04 manual disambiguation batch 10", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A small village between Thanna Mandi and Súrán" } ], "feature_notes": "Described as a small village located on hill side.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bihu", "historical_name": "BIHU", "modern_name": "Pampore", "pdf_page": 150, "pdf_viewer_page": 164, "latitude": 34.02, "longitude": 74.93, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pampore", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Pampore%20Jammu%20and%20Kashmir", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Bihu is a pargana south-east of Srinagar whose tehsil station is explicitly Pampur/Pampore; pinned to modern Pampore as administrative anchor.", "blurb": "A pargana in the Muráj division, lying on the right bank of the Jhelam, south-east of Srinagar; the tehsil station is at Pampúr.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Pampore%20Jammu%20and%20Kashmir", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "strong", "reviewed_at": "2026-06-04 manual disambiguation batch 10", "features": [ "town", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "the tehsil station is at Pampúr" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "lying on the right bank of the Jhelam" } ], "feature_notes": "Pampore is a tehsil station and pargana centre, treated as town here.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bij-beh-ra-or-wij-be-ra", "historical_name": "BIJ-BEHÁRA or WIJ-BEÁRA", "modern_name": "Bijbehara", "pdf_page": 150, "pdf_viewer_page": 164, "latitude": 33.8, "longitude": 75.1, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijbehara", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=33.8,75.1", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web-researched strong candidate: Bijbehara. Wikipedia lists it as a town in Anantnag district at 33.80, 75.10; source describes Bij-Behara/Wij-Beara between Islamabad and Srinagar on the Jhelam.", "blurb": "An ancient town of considerable importance, built on both banks of the Jhelam, between Islamabad and Srinagar, from which places it is distant by road about 6 and 30 miles, respectively; by river the distances are much greater. It lies about 9 miles by land above Awantipúr, the journey by boat occupying 10 hours; from Shupian it is said to be 9 koss distant by the direct path. Bij-Behára is the tehsil station of the Saremozebala pargana. The houses, which number altogether about 400, have a very dilapidated appearance, are mostly built of sun-dried brick, in timber frames, and have pent thatch roofs; they are disposed in picturesque confusion, and extend for a considerable distance along the left bank of the river; but the town has very little depth, the high river banks quickly subsiding to the level of the surrounding rice fields. The streets are narrow, tortuous; and hilly, and very dirty. There are numerous gardens in the town, which are irrigated by wells, in which the water rises to a level of about 20 feet from the surface. To the west of the town lies the Wahid Baba Wudar, or table-land, on the edge of which grows a single tree, sacred to Mahadeo, and a place of Hindú worship. Near the middle of the town is a bridge across the Jhelam, which has here an average depth of about 6 feet; it is supported by three piers, and is a hundred yards long, and 17 feet broad.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.783333, "source_longitude": 75.15, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 47'. Long. 75° 9'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "town", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "garden" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "An ancient town of considerable importance" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "built on both banks of the Jhelam" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "Near the middle of the town is a bridge across the Jhelam" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "There are numerous gardens in the town" } ], "feature_notes": "Town encompassing river bank, a bridge, and gardens physically within it.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bilaur", "historical_name": "BILAUR", "modern_name": "Bilaur", "pdf_page": 153, "pdf_viewer_page": 167, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A hamlet scattered on the northern slopes of the Singipal mountain, about 3 miles from the left bank of the Chenáb. It lies almost opposite to Rámband, on the direct road from Jamú to Kashmír, and contains a small enclosure for the accommodation of the Maharajah when travelling. Supplies are procurable, but water is scarce. The inhabitants are chiefly Hindús of the Chuttri caste. There are also a few Mohamedan families living in the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charari_Sharief", "source_latitude": 33.166667, "source_longitude": 75.283333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 10'. Long. 75° 17'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "gipal mountain, about 3 miles from the left bank of the Chenáb. It lies almost opposite to Rámband, on the direct" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "It lies almost opposite to Rámband, on the direct road from Jamú to Kashmír, and contains a small enclosure for the acco" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bin-kad", "historical_name": "BIN KAD", "modern_name": "Bin Kad", "pdf_page": 153, "pdf_viewer_page": 167, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A stream which takes its rise on the slopes of the snowy mountains west of Badrawár, and flowing in a northerly direction through a fertile valley, empties itself into the Nerú river by its left bank, in 'lat. 33° 4', long. 75° 40', below the village of Bhala. This stream is usually fordable, but is bridged between the villages of Kullain and Bhala, where the road from Badrawár to Doda crosses it, and also above Danda. The villages lying on the right bank of the stream are almost entirely inhabited by Hindús.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "BIN KAD. Bin Kad. Village. A stream which takes its rise on the slopes of the snowy mountains west of" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "he village of Bhala. This stream is usually fordable, but is bridged between the villages of Kullain and Bhala, where" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "he villages of Kullain and Bhala, where the road from Badrawár to Doda crosses it, and also above Danda. The villa" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "biregati", "historical_name": "BIREGATI", "modern_name": "Panchtarni / Amarnath route", "pdf_page": 153, "pdf_viewer_page": 167, "latitude": 34.199, "longitude": 75.486, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarnath_Temple", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Panchtarni%20Amarnath%20Kashmir", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Biregati is a stream near the Amarnath cave feeding the Panjtarni headwaters; pinned to the modern Panchtarni/Amarnath route area.", "blurb": "A small stream, which, rising in the snowy mountains near the cave of Amranáth, flows into the Panjtarni streams, the head waters of the Sind river. (Morocrat.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "strong", "reviewed_at": "2026-06-04 manual disambiguation batch 10", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "BIREGATI. Panchtarni / Amarnath route. River / watercourse. A small stream, which, rising in the snowy" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "biru", "historical_name": "BIRU", "modern_name": "Biru", "pdf_page": 153, "pdf_viewer_page": 167, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a stream which flows into the Tawi; it is crossed by the road from Jamú to Kashmír, about 2 miles north of Krimchi, and at that point, during the rains, the ford is about 60 yards wide, and waist deep.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "i, and at that point, during the rains, the ford is about 60 yards wide, and waist deep." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "h flows into the Tawi; it is crossed by the road from Jamú to Kashmír, about 2 miles north of Krimchi, and at that" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "birwa", "historical_name": "BIRWA", "modern_name": "Beerwah", "pdf_page": 153, "pdf_viewer_page": 167, "latitude": 34.012363, "longitude": 74.595352, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beerwah,_Jammu_and_Kashmir", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Beerwah%20Jammu%20Kashmir", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 7: Historical Birwa/Birú is the tehsil station west of Srinagar above the Sukhnag; modern Beerwah/Beeru in Budgam preserves the name and location. Wikipedia and coordinate source added.", "blurb": "The tehsíl station of a pargana of the same name, which is included in the Patan zillah of the Kamráj division. The pargana lies on the south-west side of the valley, west of Srinagar, the village being situated at the foot of a table-land above the left bank of the Súkánág river. Both the pargana and the village are called Birú.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Beerwah%20Jammu%20Kashmir", "source_latitude": 34.016667, "source_longitude": 74.633333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 1'. Long. 74° 38'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_status": "strong", "match_score": 97, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "google_place_id": "ChIJ99gZjCqW4TgR3JXhGlUPAQg", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "the village being situated at the foot of a table-land above the left bank of the Súkánág river" } ], "feature_notes": "Classified as village, described as village, no other features explicitly described within.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bishla", "historical_name": "BISHLA", "modern_name": "Bishla", "pdf_page": 153, "pdf_viewer_page": 167, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A pass over the water-shed between the Kishen Ganga and Kháqán valleys, by which, during the summer months, there is a practicable path from the village of Durrol, on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, to Mandri, in Kháqán.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.666667, "source_longitude": 73.75, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 40'. Long. 73° 45'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "BISHLA. Bishla. Village. A pass over the water-shed between the Kishen Ganga and Kháqán valleys," }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "age. A pass over the water-shed between the Kishen Ganga and Kháqán valleys, by which, during the summer months, there is" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "g the summer months, there is a practicable path from the village of Durrol, on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bitarh", "historical_name": "BITARH", "modern_name": "Bitarh", "pdf_page": 153, "pdf_viewer_page": 167, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A river in Púnch, which rises on the western slopes of the Panjál range, near the Nikáuta pass, and flowing in a south-westerly direction, empties itself into the Púnch Tof by its right bank, in Lat. 33° 46', Long. 74° 7, just south-west of the town of Púnch. The path from Púnch to Parnál crosses this river by a ford, the passage being occasionally temporarily interrupted by floods; the main road from Púnch to Kashmír, over the Haji Pir pass, follows up the bed of the river for about 10 miles, crossing and re-crossing the stream in numerous places. During the latter part of its course the stream divides into separate channels, flowing over small boulders, and drains a valley which is about half a mile in width, bounded by well-wooded hills of moderate elevation.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "town", "religious_site", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "n road from Púnch to Kashmír, over the Haji Pir pass, follows up the bed of the river for about 10 miles, crossin" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "h rises on the western slopes of the Panjál range, near the Nikáuta pass, and flowing in a south-westerly direction" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "BITARH. Bitarh. Town. A river in Púnch, which rises on the western slopes of the Panjál range," }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "rom Púnch to Parnál crosses this river by a ford, the passage being occasionally temporarily interrupted by floods" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": ", just south-west of the town of Púnch. The path from Púnch to Parnál crosses this river by a ford, the passage be" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bo", "historical_name": "BO", "modern_name": "Boe near Awantipora", "pdf_page": 154, "pdf_viewer_page": 168, "latitude": 33.914, "longitude": 75.019, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Boe%20Awantipora%20Pulwama", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Bo is described one mile south-east of Awantipur on the path to Tral, forming part of the Awantipur ruin zone; modern Boe/Bow locality near Awantipora is the likely match.", "blurb": "A small village situated at the foot of the southern slopes of the Wastarwan mountain, about a mile south-east of Awantipur, on the path to Tral. The traces of ruins extend from this village to Awantipur, of which it is considered to form a part. There are five houses in the village, also two springs, and some chunar and other shady trees about it.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.916667, "source_longitude": 75.066667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 55'. Long. 75° 4'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "strong", "reviewed_at": "2026-06-04 manual disambiguation batch 10", "features": [ "village", "spring", "road_or_route", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "re are five houses in the village, also two springs, and some chunar and other shady trees about it." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "bout a mile south-east of Awantipur, on the path to Tral. The traces of ruins extend from this village to Awantipu" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "antipur, on the path to Tral. The traces of ruins extend from this village to Awantipur, of which it is considered" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bobai-dard-bode", "historical_name": "BOBAI (Dard, Bode)", "modern_name": "Bobai", "pdf_page": 154, "pdf_viewer_page": 168, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A camping ground in a valley of the same name, on the path between Badagam, in Tilail, and the Shingo valley. It lies at the source of the Grati Nar stream. There are no habitations in the valley, but fuel and water are obtainable.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.633333, "source_longitude": 75.2, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 38'. Long. 75° 12'. Elev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ground in a valley of the same name, on the path between Badagam, in Tilail, and the Shingo valley. It lies at the" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bobernag", "historical_name": "BOBERNAG", "modern_name": "Upper bobernag", "pdf_page": 154, "pdf_viewer_page": 168, "latitude": 34.5261995, "longitude": 74.2545511, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=6721998235168711186&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: G7G3+FRF, Bobernag, Kupwara, 193222. Score 86; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village in the Uttar pargana, lying high up in the Magabsanger gorge, in the direct road from Hatmald to Magham. There is a fine spring in the village which is always running. (Montgomercie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=6721998235168711186&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.483333, "source_longitude": 74.283333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 29'. Long. 74° 17'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJ0YudYsYf4TgREqIIvMdVSV0", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 86, "match_distance_km": 5.44753797020651, "features": [ "village", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in the Uttar pargana" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "There is a fine spring in the village which is always running" } ], "feature_notes": "Village with a notable spring physically present.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "boogan", "historical_name": "BOOGAN", "modern_name": "Boogan", "pdf_page": 154, "pdf_viewer_page": 168, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in lower Drawar, situated on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga river, almost opposite Lalla, with which it is connected by a zampa bridge. There are nine houses in the village, inhabited by zemindars, a carpenter and a blacksmith.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.6, "source_longitude": 78.966667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 36'. Long. 78° 58'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "llage in lower Drawar, situated on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga river, almost opposite Lalla, with which it i" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "alla, with which it is connected by a zampa bridge. There are nine houses in the village, inhabited by zemindars, a" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "boorphara", "historical_name": "BOORPHARA", "modern_name": "Boorphara", "pdf_page": 154, "pdf_viewer_page": 168, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Sind valley, situated on the right bank of the river, almost opposite Sombal. It is watered by a stream which flows down from the Kotwal mountain to the north-west, and it produces rice. The village contains a masjid, and 10 houses inhabited by zemindars, including a carpenter and a potter.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.25, "source_longitude": 75.1, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 15'. Long. 75° 6'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "nd it produces rice. The village contains a masjid, and 10 houses inhabited by zemindars, including a carpenter and" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": ". Boorphara. Village. A village in the Sind valley, situated on the right bank of the river, almost opposite Sombal." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bor", "historical_name": "BOR", "modern_name": "Bor", "pdf_page": 154, "pdf_viewer_page": 168, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small hamlet in upper Drawar, situated on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, opposite Tall Lohit. During floods this village is cut off from all communication with the right bank of the river; but there is a path over the hills to the south, leading to Kairen.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.7, "source_longitude": 74.016667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 42'. Long. 74° 1'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "amlet in upper Drawar, situated on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, opposite Tall Lohit. During floods this vill" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "the right bank of the river; but there is a path over the hills to the south, leading to Kairen." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "borkan", "historical_name": "BORKAN", "modern_name": "Borkan", "pdf_page": 154, "pdf_viewer_page": 168, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village lying to the south of the Brari Bal pass, about 18 miles north of Doda, on the path towards Kashmir. It is situated about 2 miles north of Gay, on the top of the long spur which separates the two principal head waters of the Luddur Kud stream. The village itself contains twelve families, ten being Hindus, and two Kashmiri Mohamedans; the hamlet of Bata, which lies just to the north, on the west face of the spur, contains four houses inhabited by Kashmiri Mohamedans. Borkan is the last village met with on the path leading into Kashmir by the Brari Bal pass.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.3, "source_longitude": 75.516667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 18'. Long. 75° 31'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "village lying to the south of the Brari Bal pass, about 18 miles north of Doda, on the path towards Kashmir. It is" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "two principal head waters of the Luddur Kud stream. The village itself contains twelve families, ten being Hindus, a" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "pass, about 18 miles north of Doda, on the path towards Kashmir. It is situated about 2 miles north of Gay, on th" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "borrogam", "historical_name": "BORROGAM", "modern_name": "Borrogam", "pdf_page": 154, "pdf_viewer_page": 168, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The largest village in the Tilail valley is situated on the plateau above the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river, near the confluence of the Grati Nar stream. It is the thanah station of the valley, and the thanadar who resides in the village is vested with magisterial powers.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.55, "source_longitude": 75.1, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 33'. Long. 75° 6'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Village. The largest village in the Tilail valley is situated on the plateau above the right bank of the Kishen Gan" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "boru", "historical_name": "BORU", "modern_name": "Boru", "pdf_page": 155, "pdf_viewer_page": 169, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village lying at the foot of the spur, about 5 miles north of Chrár; a stream, a branch of the Sangscoed river, flows through the village; there is also a spring under a chunar tree.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.916667, "source_longitude": 74.783333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 55'. Long. 74° 47'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "f the spur, about 5 miles north of Chrár; a stream, a branch of the Sangscoed river, flows through the village; ther" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "flows through the village; there is also a spring under a chunar tree." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bose", "historical_name": "BOSE", "modern_name": "Bose", "pdf_page": 155, "pdf_viewer_page": 169, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Wúllar pargana, lying about half mile east of the path between Súrsú and Trál. It contains 25 houses inhabited by Mohamedan zemindars, and 2 by Pandits. The Kumla Nág spring rises near the village, which is also well supplied with water from the stream which flows between it and the village of Laria to the west.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.883333, "source_longitude": 75.133333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 53'. Long. 75° 8'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "JK Bose Office", "no_match_score": 18, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "spring", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "edan zemindars, and 2 by Pandits. The Kumla Nág spring rises near the village, which is also well supplied with w" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "zemindars, and 2 by Pandits. The Kumla Nág spring rises near the village, which is also well supplied with water fr" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "pargana, lying about half mile east of the path between Súrsú and Trál. It contains 25 houses inhabited by Mohame" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "brama", "historical_name": "BRAMA", "modern_name": "Brammah massif", "pdf_page": 155, "pdf_viewer_page": 169, "latitude": 33.628, "longitude": 76.119, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brammah", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Brammah%20massif%20Kishtwar%20Himalaya", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Brama is described as a conspicuous cluster of snowy peaks north-east of Kishtwar on the Zanskar border; this matches the modern Brammah massif.", "blurb": "A cluster of snowy peaks, having an elevation of over 20,000 feet, situated north-east of Kishtiwar, on the borders of Zanskar. They form a conspicuous object in the landscape of those entering Kashmir by way of Doda or Kishtiwar.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Brammah%20massif%20Kishtwar%20Himalaya", "source_latitude": 33.833333, "source_longitude": 76.166667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 50'. Long. 76° 10'.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "strong", "reviewed_at": "2026-06-04 manual disambiguation batch 10", "features": [ "mountain" ], "primary_feature": "mountain", "google_place_id": "ChIJ7xMv1URoHTkRPqp1Q6jN1cM", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "A cluster of snowy peaks ... They form a conspicuous object" } ], "feature_notes": "Clearly described as a massif of peaks, classified as mountain.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "branyen", "historical_name": "BRANYEN", "modern_name": "Branyen", "pdf_page": 155, "pdf_viewer_page": 169, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village lying on the right bank of the Maru Wardwan river, about 2 miles south of Siuedramman. There are some trees and a little cultivation about the village, which contains seven houses and a masjid.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.833333, "source_longitude": 75.6, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 50'. Long. 75° 36'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Brenwar Village", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "village, which contains seven houses and a masjid." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "nyen. Village. A village lying on the right bank of the Maru Wardwan river, about 2 miles south of Siuedramman. Th" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "brar", "historical_name": "BRAR", "modern_name": "Brar", "pdf_page": 155, "pdf_viewer_page": 169, "latitude": 34.3842316, "longitude": 74.6773685, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=11815672420724790049&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 manual candidate batch: Historical Brar has an exact-name modern candidate at Brar; spelling and regional placement are strong enough for review as a likely preserved village name. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A village in the Khourpara pargana, north-east of Islamabad, situated on the right bank of the Sháhkil canal. An excellent path, crossing the Metsij hill, connects this village with Gowran, in the Kuthár pargana.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=11815672420724790049&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.8, "source_longitude": 75.333333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 48'. Long. 75° 20'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJEboEny9y4TgRIVOu63az-aM", "finalized": false, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "th-east of Islamabad, situated on the right bank of the Sháhkil canal. An excellent path, crossing the Metsij hill" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ght bank of the Sháhkil canal. An excellent path, crossing the Metsij hill, connects this village with Gowran, in" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "brariangan", "historical_name": "BRARIANGAN", "modern_name": "Brariāngan", "pdf_page": 155, "pdf_viewer_page": 169, "latitude": 34.0573367, "longitude": 75.163988, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8995906564688312202&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Brariāngan, 192126. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "The name of a stream, one of the head waters of the river which flows in many channels through the Trál valley; it rises on the slopes of the lofty range between the Lidar valley and the Wúllar pargana, and is crossed by a kadal bridge just south of the village of Narastán.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8995906564688312202&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJiyaFqE874jgRivfZtFvh13w", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "valley; it rises on the slopes of the lofty range between the Lidar valley and the Wúllar pargana, and is crossed b" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "RIANGAN. Brariāngan. Village. The name of a stream, one of the head waters of the river which flows in many channels" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "and the Wúllar pargana, and is crossed by a kadal bridge just south of the village of Narastán." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "brariangan-2", "historical_name": "BRARIANGAN", "modern_name": "Brariāngan", "pdf_page": 155, "pdf_viewer_page": 169, "latitude": 34.0573362, "longitude": 75.163988, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Brari%C4%81ngan/@34.0573362,75.163988,3131m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e23b4fa885268b:0x7cd7e15bb4d9f78a!8m2!3d34.0573367!4d75.163988!16s%2Fg%2F11j2fq0ssv?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-04 candidate batch: Historical Brariangan village is east of Achibal at the mouth of the Halkun Gali; modern Brariangan/Brariāngan preserves the name in the same Achabal-Kokernag belt. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A large village in the Kuthár pargana, lying east of Achibal, at the mouth of the Halkun Galli, on the path to Nowbug. There are several springs in the village, the largest of which is esteemed sacred by Hindus. The village contains 25 houses inhabited by pandits, and also five Mohamedan families.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Brari%C4%81ngan/@34.0573362,75.163988,3131m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e23b4fa885268b:0x7cd7e15bb4d9f78a!8m2!3d34.0573367!4d75.163988!16s%2Fg%2F11j2fq0ssv?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.766667, "source_longitude": 75.35, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 46'. Long. 75° 21'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJiyaFqE874jgRivfZtFvh13w", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "spring", "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A large village in the Kuthár pargana" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "There are several springs in the village, the largest of which is esteemed sacred by Hindus" } ], "feature_notes": "The village contains several springs, one sacred.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "brari-bai", "historical_name": "BRARI BAI", "modern_name": "Brari Bai", "pdf_page": 155, "pdf_viewer_page": 169, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A mountain pass which lies at the extreme south-east point of the valley of Kashmir, and is crossed by the path from Doda. This route only becomes practicable when the summer is well advanced, and it is closed early in winter. The distance from Borkan, the last village met with in Kishtwár, to Choan, at the south-east end of the Shahabad valley, is about 18 miles, the ascent and descent both being steep; there are no villages on the way, but wood and water are obtainable in places.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.383333, "source_longitude": 75.483333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 23'. Long. 75° 29'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Aru Valley", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "BRARI BAI. Brari Bai. Village. A mountain pass which lies at the extreme south-east point of the valley of Kashm" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "lies at the extreme south-east point of the valley of Kashmir, and is crossed by the path from Doda. This route only" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "he valley of Kashmir, and is crossed by the path from Doda. This route only becomes practicable when the summer is" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "brainimbal", "historical_name": "BRAINIMBAL", "modern_name": "Brari Nambal", "pdf_page": 156, "pdf_viewer_page": 170, "latitude": 34.0863443, "longitude": 74.809761, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brari_Nambal", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Temple,+Brari+Nambal/@34.0863443,74.809761,1565m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m10!1m2!2m1!1sbari+nambal!3m6!1s0x38e1856289400001:0xcfef021d7566959b!8m2!3d34.0882548!4d74.8129693!15sCgtiYXJpIG5hbWJhbJIBDGhpbmR1X3RlbXBsZeABAA!16s%2Fg%2F11kj3f7tzj?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research: Brainimbal appears to be the Brari Nambal/Bab Demb lagoon adjoining Dal Lake in Srinagar. Coordinates use the midpoint of published Brari Nambal latitude/longitude ranges; review before marking final.", "blurb": "An expanse of water in Srinager, adjoining the Dal lake, traversed by a branch of the Rainiwar canal. From the northern edge of this morass the canal called the Nali Már flows through the northern portion of the town; on the western edge lies the garden of Dilawar Khán.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Temple,+Brari+Nambal/@34.0863443,74.809761,1565m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m10!1m2!2m1!1sbari+nambal!3m6!1s0x38e1856289400001:0xcfef021d7566959b!8m2!3d34.0882548!4d74.8129693!15sCgtiYXJpIG5hbWJhbJIBDGhpbmR1X3RlbXBsZeABAA!16s%2Fg%2F11kj3f7tzj?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 34.083333, "source_longitude": 74.85, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 5'. Long. 74° 51'. Elev. 5,286 feet.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "town", "river_or_lake", "garden" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "An expanse of water in Srinager ... northern portion of the town" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "An expanse of water in Srinager, adjoining the Dal lake" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "on the western edge lies the garden of Dilawar Khán" } ], "feature_notes": "The main entry is town; the water body is within or adjoining the town and the garden is within town area.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "brimbar", "historical_name": "BRIMBAR", "modern_name": "Brimbar", "pdf_page": 156, "pdf_viewer_page": 170, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Kuthár pargana, situated towards the east side of the valley; it is watered by a branch of the Arpat. The houses, which are eight in number, are built of stones and wood, and have pent roofs covered with either shingles or thatch. The inhabitants are Mohammedan zemindars.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.766667, "source_longitude": 75.383333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 46'. Long. 75° 23'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Bhimber", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "gana, situated towards the east side of the valley; it is watered by a branch of the Arpat. The houses, which are ei" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bring", "historical_name": "BRING", "modern_name": "Bring", "pdf_page": 156, "pdf_viewer_page": 170, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A pargana in the Islamahad zillah of the Miráj division; the tehsil station is at the village of Hokra. Bring is the name of the ornament or spire on the top of a masjid or ziarát; it seems, therefore, probable that this pargana owes its name to its geographical position at the extreme end of Kashmír. The Bring pargana is a long and narrow valley, bounded by lofty hills; it lies north-west and south-east, parallel to the Shahabad valley, which it greatly resembles, but is neither so thickly populated, nor is the rice cultivation so extensive, as the river by which it is traversed spreads itself over a considerable surface, and much of the land on the banks of its various channels is stony and unfruitful; willow pollards, however, abound on this and afford large supplies of fodder for the cattle during the winter. Great numbers of ponies graze in this valley, and silk-worms are reared in the villages towards the north-west end. The iron mines near Sof are the most extensive and profitable in Kashmír.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "town", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "Islamahad zillah of the Miráj division; the tehsil station is at the village of Hokra. Bring is the name of the ornament or" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "me of the ornament or spire on the top of a masjid or ziarát; it seems, therefore, probable that this pargana owes i" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "mír. The Bring pargana is a long and narrow valley, bounded by lofty hills; it lies north-west and south-east, paral" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bring-2", "historical_name": "BRING", "modern_name": "Bringi River", "pdf_page": 156, "pdf_viewer_page": 170, "latitude": 33.716, "longitude": 75.22, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bringi_River", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Bringi%20River%20Kokernag%20Anantnag", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "The source describes the Bring river as a Jhelum headwater in the south-east Kashmir valley; modern Bringi River is the surviving hydronym.", "blurb": "The river, one of the head waters of the Jhelam, takes its rise at the foot of the Brari Bal pass, at the south-east extremity of the valley of Kashmír, and as the Tanesar stream flows in a north-westerly direction to the village of Wyl, up to which point it is usually fordable; it is there joined by a more considerable stream, which drains the Nowbúg valley, and bending further to the west is augmented by the waters of the Kukur Nág springs, near the village of Hillar, uniting with the Arpat river just west of Islamabad. During the winter months, this river may be forded without difficulty, but when the snows are melting, it is a vast and impetuous stream, flowing through wide channels bedded with stones and small boulders. There is a good kankal bridge over the river, just above the village of Urigám, south-east of Sof.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "strong", "reviewed_at": "2026-06-04 manual disambiguation batch 10", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "spring", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "takes its rise at the foot of the Brari Bal pass, at the south-east extremity of the valley of Kashmír, and as the" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "BRING. Bringi River. Village. The river, one of the head waters of the Jhelam, takes" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "is augmented by the waters of the Kukur Nág springs, near the village of Hillar, uniting with the Arpat river just we" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "age of Wyl, up to which point it is usually fordable; it is there joined by a more considerable stream, which drains t" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bringhin", "historical_name": "BRINGHIN", "modern_name": "Bringhin", "pdf_page": 156, "pdf_viewer_page": 170, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village which, with Lannor, lying about a mile to the north-west, gives its name to a small valley in the mountains between the Diosur and Shahabad parganas.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.583333, "source_longitude": 75.133333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 35'. Long. 75° 8'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "o the north-west, gives its name to a small valley in the mountains between the Diosur and Shahabad parganas." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bringhin-lannor", "historical_name": "BRINGHIN-LANNOR", "modern_name": "Bringhin-Lannor", "pdf_page": 157, "pdf_viewer_page": 171, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small valley containing the villages of Bringhin and Lannor, beautifully situated in the mountains between the Diosur and Shahabad parganas. The valley is well watered, and rice is extensively cultivated; the locality seems particularly favourable to the growth of the vine; Vigne mentions that wine was formerly made here in great quantities. The Bringhin-Lannor valley may be reached by a good road from the village of Kew, in the Shahabad pargana; the distance is about 4 miles, the path lying by the Khund valley and the village of Rozid.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.583333, "source_longitude": 75.133333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 35'. Long. 75° 8'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Haijan Playground", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "N-LANNOR. Bringhin-Lannor. Village. A small valley containing the villages of Bringhin and Lannor, beautifully situa" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ghin-Lannor valley may be reached by a good road from the village of Kew, in the Shahabad pargana; the distance is" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "brinnar", "historical_name": "BRINNAR", "modern_name": "Brinnar", "pdf_page": 157, "pdf_viewer_page": 171, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village situated on the ledge of the hill, above the left bank of the Nowbúg stream, almost opposite the village of that name. The houses, of which there are four, and a masjid, are constructed of timber, with pent shingle roofs.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.65, "source_longitude": 75.416667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 39' Long. 75° 25'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Brenwar Village", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "The houses, of which there are four, and a masjid, are constructed of timber, with pent shingle roofs." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ed on the ledge of the hill, above the left bank of the Nowbúg stream, almost opposite the village of that name. T" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "brint", "historical_name": "BRINT", "modern_name": "Brenti Bat Pora", "pdf_page": 157, "pdf_viewer_page": 171, "latitude": 33.6812601, "longitude": 75.1606269, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Brenti+Bat+Pora+192210/@33.6812601,75.1606269,3145m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e208c25b633133:0x3ca6b3ee28c34168!8m2!3d33.681261!4d75.1709266!16s%2Fg%2F12hkfhr_y?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Brint is about two miles west of Achibal/Achabal amid rice fields; modern Brenti/Brenti Bat Pora near Achabal preserves the name and placement.", "blurb": "A dirty village surrounded by rice fields, situated about 2 miles west of Achibal, with which place it is connected by a raised pathway. There are numerous mulberry and other fruit trees about the village; silk-worms are reared in the place, but not to any great extent. The inhabitants number 30 families of zemindars, two barbers, two watchmen, two dyers, two mullahs, three shop-keepers, a carpenter, a potter, a leather-worker, two cow-keepers, two milk-sellers, a tailor (a Peshawari), and a fakir, a native of Arabia. In the adjoining hamlet of Butpúra, which is considered a part of the same village, there are 15 houses inhabited by Pandits, and 2 by Mohammedans.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Brenti+Bat+Pora+192210/@33.6812601,75.1606269,3145m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e208c25b633133:0x3ca6b3ee28c34168!8m2!3d33.681261!4d75.1709266!16s%2Fg%2F12hkfhr_y?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.683333, "source_longitude": 75.233333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 41'. Long. 75° 14'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "strong", "reviewed_at": "2026-06-04 manual disambiguation batch 10", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A dirty village surrounded by rice fields" } ], "feature_notes": "Explicitly described as village; no other features within described.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "briound", "historical_name": "BRIOUND", "modern_name": "Briound", "pdf_page": 157, "pdf_viewer_page": 171, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small Hindú village in the Basohli district, containing about four houses; it is situated on the left bank of the Siowa, to the south of a spur of the mountain which overhangs the stream.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.766667, "source_longitude": 75.85, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 46'. Long 75° 51'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "out four houses; it is situated on the left bank of the Siowa, to the south of a spur of the mountain which overha" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bror", "historical_name": "BROR", "modern_name": "Bror", "pdf_page": 157, "pdf_viewer_page": 171, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga river, about 3 miles north of Mozafarbàd, on the path towards Titwal. A stream flows down through the north end of the village, which lies on a ledge at the foot of the hills. The inhabitants are Mohammedan zemindars, and number four families; there are also four mills in the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.4, "source_longitude": 73.516667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 24'. Long. 73° 31'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "or. Village. A village situated on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga river, about 3 miles north of Mozafarbàd, on" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": ", about 3 miles north of Mozafarbàd, on the path towards Titwal. A stream flows down through the north end of the" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "buddurmunnu", "historical_name": "BUDDURMUNNU", "modern_name": "Buddurmunnu", "pdf_page": 157, "pdf_viewer_page": 171, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village containing six houses, situated on the south-west side of the Shahabad valley, about 3 miles north-west of Vernág. About half a mile beyond the village there is a defile which leads up to the cave of Munda; the ascent is said to be rough and steep, and about 2 koss long. (Ince).", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.566667, "source_longitude": 75.25, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 34'. Long. 75° 15'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ated on the south-west side of the Shahabad valley, about 3 miles north-west of Vernág. About half a mile beyond the" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "b-dii", "historical_name": "BÚDII", "modern_name": "Búdii", "pdf_page": 157, "pdf_viewer_page": 171, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The Búdit or Sedau pass crosses the Pansál range towards the south-west corner to the valley of Kashmir, north of the province of Nasohora. The distance between the village of Búdii and Sedau, a village situated about 6 miles south-west of Shupian, is 35 miles, the pass lying about midway. The road is good, except the part near the summit, which is very steep, the path crossing over snow, which never entirely melts.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.5, "source_longitude": 74.7, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 30'. Long. 74° 42'. Elev. 14,120 feet.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "BÚDII. Búdii. Village. The Búdit or Sedau pass crosses the Pansál range towards the south-west corner to the val" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "range towards the south-west corner to the valley of Kashmir, north of the province of Nasohora. The distance betwe" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "35 miles, the pass lying about midway. The road is good, except the part near the summit, which is very steep, th" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "budii", "historical_name": "BUDII", "modern_name": "Budii", "pdf_page": 158, "pdf_viewer_page": 172, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village consisting of about 50 houses compactly built, lying in a district of the same name on the southern slopes of the Pansál range, north of Naoshera; it is connected with Goláhgarh to the east by a very fair path, quite practicable for horses, and is distant 35 miles south of Sedau, in the valley of Kashmír, the road lying over the Búdii or Sedau pass. A few hundred yards south of the village, which stands on the right bank of the nala, is a small square-bastioned fort, in rather a bad condition. There are a few Mahomedan families residing in the village, but the great majority of the inhabitants of the neighbouring districts are Hindús; they are described as a small wretched-looking set, who appear to suffer much from fever. There is a good deal of rice cultivation about the village, and supplies are plentiful. (Allgood—Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.383333, "source_longitude": 74.683333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 23'; Long. 74° 41'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "fort", "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "BUDII. Budii. Fort / historic site. A large village consisting of about 50 houses compactly built, lying in a distric" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "the same name on the southern slopes of the Pansál range, north of Naoshera; it is connected with Goláhgarh to the e" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "is distant 35 miles south of Sedau, in the valley of Kashmír, the road lying over the Búdii or Sedau pass. A few hu" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "d with Goláhgarh to the east by a very fair path, quite practicable for horses, and is distant 35 miles south of S" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "budkul", "historical_name": "BUDKUL", "modern_name": "Budkul", "pdf_page": 158, "pdf_viewer_page": 172, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This river, called also the Bandipúra Nala, takes its rise on the lofty mountains between Haramûk and the Gúráis valley, and flowing in a westerly and south-westerly direction, through the Khuihámna pargana, empties itself into the Wular lake. It is crossed by a bridge between Watpúra and Bandipúra, and may also be forded.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "elf into the Wular lake. It is crossed by a bridge between Watpúra and Bandipúra, and may also be forded." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bugra", "historical_name": "BUGRA", "modern_name": "Bugra", "pdf_page": 158, "pdf_viewer_page": 172, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village containing 25 houses, situated about a mile north-west of Drágám, on a stream from the Yechára river.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.95, "source_longitude": 74.75, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 57'. Long. 74° 45'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ted about a mile north-west of Drágám, on a stream from the Yechára river." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "buill-nder-dari-bull-r-deru", "historical_name": "BUILLÜNDER (Dari, Bullér Deru)", "modern_name": "Buillünder", "pdf_page": 158, "pdf_viewer_page": 172, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Tilail valley, situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river, on the path towards Drás. It contains a masjid and about 12 houses.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.533333, "source_longitude": 75.15, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 32'. Long. 75° 9'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kashmir gulmarg", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "er, on the path towards Drás. It contains a masjid and about 12 houses." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "uillünder. Village. A village in the Tilail valley, situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river, on the pat" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ight bank of the Kishen Ganga river, on the path towards Drás. It contains a masjid and about 12 houses." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bulda", "historical_name": "BULDA", "modern_name": "Bulda", "pdf_page": 158, "pdf_viewer_page": 172, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A pargana in the Shahir-i-Khas zillah of the Míraj division; owing to its limited extent, and nearness to the city, it possesses no tehsil station.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "city", "town" ], "primary_feature": "city", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "city", "quote": "to its limited extent, and nearness to the city, it possesses no tehsil station." }, { "feature": "town", "quote": ", and nearness to the city, it possesses no tehsil station." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "buli", "historical_name": "BULI", "modern_name": "Buli", "pdf_page": 158, "pdf_viewer_page": 172, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village lying in the middle of the valley, rather more than a mile west of Trál. Rice is extensively cultivated in the surrounding district, which is low and swampy, the village standing on high ground shaded by pine trees. There are about 10 houses, surrounded by vegetable gardens, which are enclosed with mud walls.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.933333, "source_longitude": 75.133333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 56'. Long. 75° 8'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "garden", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "re about 10 houses, surrounded by vegetable gardens, which are enclosed with mud walls." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "llage. A village lying in the middle of the valley, rather more than a mile west of Trál. Rice is extensively cultiv" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bungla-bul", "historical_name": "BUNGLA BUL", "modern_name": "Bungla Bul", "pdf_page": 158, "pdf_viewer_page": 172, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A store-house and encamping ground, situated on the right bank of the Búrzil stream, 10 miles north-east of the Gúráis Fort, on the road to Sikardo. Vigne remarked that opposite this place the stream had apparently worn away the limestone rock to a depth of 150 feet. The same traveller descended upon Bungla Bul from the end of the valley of Astor or Hazora, crossing a pass about 9,500 feet high.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.716667, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 43'. Long. 75°. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "fort", "serai", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "ul. Fort / historic site. A store-house and encamping ground, situated on the right bank of the Búrzil stream, 10 miles north-" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "f the valley of Astor or Hazora, crossing a pass about 9,500 feet high." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "and encamping ground, situated on the right bank of the Búrzil stream, 10 miles north-east of the Gúráis Fort, on" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "miles north-east of the Gúráis Fort, on the road to Sikardo. Vigne remarked that opposite this place the stream ha" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "buran", "historical_name": "BURAN", "modern_name": "Khusrag Pora (Amma-Buran)", "pdf_page": 158, "pdf_viewer_page": 172, "latitude": 34.166, "longitude": 74.57, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Khusrag%20Pora%20Amma%20Buran%20Pattan%20Baramulla", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 7: Historical Buran is east of Pattan near the Pambasar morass and includes Um-Buran/Ban-Buran/Mutlapur-Buran. Modern census/village pages preserve Amma-Buran at Khusrag Pora in Pattan tehsil; coordinate is an approximate Pattan-Buran area pin pending user review.", "blurb": "A village lying at the foot of the table-land just east of Patan, near the edge of the Pambasar morass. It is surrounded with rice cultivation, and includes three mahallas, or districts—Um-Búran, containing 12 houses, Ban-Búran, 10 houses, and Mutlápúr-Búran, 8 houses. In fiscal matters Um-Búran is considered as part of Palhallan.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.villagemaps.in/jammu-and-kashmir/khusrag-pora-amma-buran-pattan-baramula-2352/", "source_latitude": 34.166667, "source_longitude": 74.616667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 10'. Long. 74° 37'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_status": "strong", "match_score": 90, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ast of Patan, near the edge of the Pambasar morass. It is surrounded with rice cultivation, and includes three mahal" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "buranambal", "historical_name": "BURANAMBAL", "modern_name": "Buranambal", "pdf_page": 159, "pdf_viewer_page": 173, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village lying in a mountain valley west of the Uttar pargana; it is situated on the right bank of the Badkhol stream, one of the head waters of the Kamil river. This village has been inhabited by Kashmiris for the last 60 years; before that the inhabitants were from Bhutan. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.5, "source_longitude": 74.033333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 30'. Long. 74° 2'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Aharbal Waterfall", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "bal. Village. A village lying in a mountain valley west of the Uttar pargana; it is situated on the right bank of th" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "burnai", "historical_name": "BURNAI", "modern_name": "Burnai", "pdf_page": 159, "pdf_viewer_page": 173, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village at the west end of the Tilail valley, situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river, opposite the junction of the Lahun-i-Thul stream. It contains a masjid, and six houses inhabited by Mohamedan zemindars. The road from Tilail to Gúrais passes up the bed of the Kushpat Wí stream, about half a mile to the north-east of the village; but when the water is low, an active, unladen man can, it is said, reach the Gúrais valley along the bank of the river, which here flows in a narrow channel hemmed in by precipitous pine-clad mountains.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.616667, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 37'. Long. 75°. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "n of the Lahun-i-Thul stream. It contains a masjid, and six houses inhabited by Mohamedan zemindars. The road from T" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "small village at the west end of the Tilail valley, situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river, opposite t" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ouses inhabited by Mohamedan zemindars. The road from Tilail to Gúrais passes up the bed of the Kushpat Wí stream," } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "burni", "historical_name": "BURNI", "modern_name": "Burni", "pdf_page": 159, "pdf_viewer_page": 173, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A stream which runs from the Veshan, on the south edge of the Shupian wudar. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "burzil", "historical_name": "BURZIL", "modern_name": "Burzil Pass", "pdf_page": 159, "pdf_viewer_page": 173, "latitude": 34.9038889, "longitude": 75.0936111, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burzil_Pass", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13847876781073232045&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research confirmed prior Google candidate: source describes Burzil on the Srinagar-Gilgit/Skardo route; mapped to Burzil Pass. Existing Google pin kept for precision; review before finalizing.", "blurb": "A store-house and camping place, situated at the limit of the forest, on the right bank of the stream at the northern extremity of the Gúrais valley, on the road to Skardo; it lies 26 miles north-east of Gúrais Fort, and 53 miles south-west of Skardo. Two defiles are continued from this spot, that on the east leads to the table-land of Deosi, the other, which is more in a line with the ascent, leads over lofty mountains to Little Tibet and Skardo. Vigne states that on approaching Stakpihal, otherwise called Búrzil or the Birches, the limestone suddenly ceases, and is succeeded by a formation of granit-. These regions present as wild and grey a scene as any painter could wish for, made up of a confusion of snowy summits, and hoary precipices, broadly relieved in one place by the deep rust color of the ironstone rock; the chaotic masses with which the whole valley was thickly covered; the streams of the incipient Kishen Ganga dashing over and amongst them, with the milk-white and delicate stems of the birch-tree in full leaf trembling amidst their descending violence.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13847876781073232045&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.833333, "source_longitude": 75.133333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 50'. Long. 75° 8'. Elev. 10,740 feet.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJC6eJ82L54zgRrfA_LZCKLcA", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 72, "match_distance_km": null, "wikipedia_title": "Burzil Pass", "wikipedia_match_score": 135, "wikipedia_match_distance_km": 0.7255710787190083, "features": [ "fort", "bridge_or_ferry", "river_or_lake", "mountain", "forest" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "A store-house and camping place ... on the road to Skardo" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "streams of the incipient Kishen Ganga dashing over and amongst them" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "on the right bank of the stream at the northern extremity of the Gúrais valley" }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "Two defiles are continued from this spot, that on the east leads to the table-land of Deosi, the other ... leads over lofty mountains" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "at the limit of the forest" } ], "feature_notes": "Primarily a fort/storage and camping place, described physically on the edge of forest, near mountain defiles, streams (river/stream), and mountain landscape.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "burzil-2", "historical_name": "BURZIL", "modern_name": "Burzil Pass", "pdf_page": 159, "pdf_viewer_page": 173, "latitude": 34.9038889, "longitude": 75.0936111, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burzil_Pass", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13847876781073232045&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 manual candidate batch: Historical Burzil is the Burzil Pass route north of Kashmir toward Astore/Gilgit; modern Burzil Pass is a stable named mountain-pass match. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A stream which drains the east end of the Gúrais valley; it rises on the southern slopes of the Dorikún pass, and flows almost due south until joined by the Nagai stream from the east, when it bends to the south-west, and receiving the waters of the Gishát by its right bank, empties itself into the Kishen Ganga river, in lat. 34° 38', long. 74° 55', below the village of Achur, about 2 miles east of the Gúrais Fort. In the neighbourhood this stream is commonly known as the Sind; the main road to Skardo lies along its right bank; it is usually fordable, except for about three months in the year during the height of summer; it is bridged near Búrzil store-house, and by the Nift bridge below the village of Didgai and by the Kutabut bridge about 2 miles above the village of Tseniál; there is frequently also a bridge at this latter village, on the path to the Tilail valley. In winter the stream freezes, and the inhabitants of the valley are then accustomed to use it as a road.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13847876781073232045&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJC6eJ82L54zgRrfA_LZCKLcA", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 72, "match_distance_km": null, "wikipedia_title": "Burzil Pass", "wikipedia_match_score": 135, "wikipedia_match_distance_km": 0.7255710787190083, "features": [ "fort", "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": ", in lat. 34° 38', long. 74° 55', below the village of Achur, about 2 miles east of the Gúrais Fort. In the neighbour" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "BURZIL. Burzil Pass. Fort / historic site. A stream which drains the east end of the" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "URZIL. Burzil Pass. Fort / historic site. A stream which drains the east end of the Gúrais valley; it rises on the s" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "do lies along its right bank; it is usually fordable, except for about three months in the year during the height of s" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "eam is commonly known as the Sind; the main road to Skardo lies along its right bank; it is usually fordable, exce" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "burzil-3", "historical_name": "BURZIL", "modern_name": "Burzil Pass", "pdf_page": 160, "pdf_viewer_page": 174, "latitude": 34.9038889, "longitude": 75.0936111, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burzil_Pass", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13847876781073232045&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Burzil Pass. Score 72; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A stream which takes its rise on the north slopes of the Rajdiangan ridge, between Kashmír and Gúráis, and flowing in a north-easterly direction, empties itself into the Kisheh Ganga river, in lat. 34° 39', long. 74° 45', below the village of Kanzalwan. The high road to Gúráis and Skardo lies along the bed of this stream, which is crossed by a bridge just south of Kanzalwan.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13847876781073232045&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJC6eJ82L54zgRrfA_LZCKLcA", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 72, "match_distance_km": null, "wikipedia_title": "Burzil Pass", "wikipedia_match_score": 135, "wikipedia_match_distance_km": 0.7255710787190083, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "BURZIL. Burzil Pass. Village. A stream which takes its rise on the north slopes of th" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "BURZIL. Burzil Pass. Village. A stream which takes its rise on the north slopes of the Rajdiangan ridge," }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "e bed of this stream, which is crossed by a bridge just south of Kanzalwan." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "4° 45', below the village of Kanzalwan. The high road to Gúráis and Skardo lies along the bed of this stream, which is" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "butwor", "historical_name": "BUTWOR", "modern_name": "Butwor", "pdf_page": 160, "pdf_viewer_page": 174, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, about 2 miles south-east of Srinagar. It is said that in ancient times a canal communicating with the city was cut from below this village to avoid the sinuosities of the river.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.066667, "source_longitude": 74.9, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 4'. Long. 74° 54'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "city", "river_or_lake", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "city", "quote": "ncient times a canal communicating with the city was cut from below this village to avoid the sinuosities of the r" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "r. Village. A village situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, about 2 miles south-east of Srinagar. It is said t" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "south-east of Srinagar. It is said that in ancient times a canal communicating with the city was cut from below this" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chachata", "historical_name": "CHACHATA", "modern_name": "Chachata", "pdf_page": 160, "pdf_viewer_page": 174, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village lying on the upper road nearly midway between Doda and Rámband. It contains about 15 houses, most of the inhabitants being Hindús.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.166667, "source_longitude": 75.433333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 10'. Long. 75° 26'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "CHITTA KHATHA BASE CAMP (Zaheer-Uddin-Babar)", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "hata. Village. A village lying on the upper road nearly midway between Doda and Rámband. It contains about 15 hous" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chack", "historical_name": "CHACK", "modern_name": "Chack", "pdf_page": 160, "pdf_viewer_page": 174, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Lower Drawar, situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river. It contains a masjid and 11 houses, seven of which are inhabited by Kashmíri Mohamedans, and four by Gújars. This village seems to be considered a part of Sharkot, from which, however, it is separated by a spur, lying about a mile to the north-east.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.916667, "source_longitude": 73.95, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 55'. Long. 73° 57'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kashmir Chowk", "no_match_score": -37, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "nk of the Kishen Ganga river. It contains a masjid and 11 houses, seven of which are inhabited by Kashmíri Mohamedan" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "lage in Lower Drawar, situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river. It contains a masjid and 11 houses, se" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chahal", "historical_name": "CHAHAL", "modern_name": "Chahal", "pdf_page": 160, "pdf_viewer_page": 174, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This village consists of a few scattered huts, about 1½ miles north of Dansál, in the province of Jamú. It is surrounded by extensive cultivation.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.883333, "source_longitude": 75.05, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 53'. Long. 75° 3'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chak", "historical_name": "CHAK", "modern_name": "Chak", "pdf_page": 160, "pdf_viewer_page": 174, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Mandi district, lying near the eastern extremity of the Púnch valley, about 7 miles from the town, on the path to Mandi, from which it is distant about 5 miles. There are some shady trees in the village, which contains 25 houses inhabited exclusively by Mohamedans. Both rice and dry crops are grown.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.75, "source_longitude": 74.216667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 45'. Long. 74° 13'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "town", "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "CHAK. Chak. Town. A village in the Mandi district, lying near the eastern extremity of the Pú" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ing near the eastern extremity of the Púnch valley, about 7 miles from the town, on the path to Mandi, from which it" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "valley, about 7 miles from the town, on the path to Mandi, from which it is distant about 5 miles. There are some" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chakoti", "historical_name": "CHAKOTI", "modern_name": "Chakothi", "pdf_page": 160, "pdf_viewer_page": 174, "latitude": 34.1171, "longitude": 73.8831, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakothi", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=3831999595344017553&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Chakothi. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, between U'ri and Hatían, on the Mari route into Kashmír. There is a single-storied bungalow for the accommodation of travellers. A few supplies procurable; water abundant.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=3831999595344017553", "source_latitude": 34.116667, "source_longitude": 73.933333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 7'. Long. 73° 56'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJn1sUN5Rf4DgRkbjrQ1T_LTU", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A small village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "There is a single-storied bungalow for the accommodation of travellers" } ], "feature_notes": "Primarily a village; the bungalow for travellers is noted but no explicit bridge or ferry is named; however, left bank suggests close to river; no explicit bridge named so no bridge_or_ferry tagged.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chakr", "historical_name": "CHAKR", "modern_name": "Chakr", "pdf_page": 160, "pdf_viewer_page": 174, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the slopes of the mountain a little distance north-west of Badrawár. It consists of about 12 houses, and has a mixed population of Mohamedans and Hindús.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.983333, "source_longitude": 75.733333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 59'. Long. 75° 44'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Chakr Innovation Pvt. Ltd.", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chalna", "historical_name": "CHALNA", "modern_name": "Chalna", "pdf_page": 160, "pdf_viewer_page": 174, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A very scattered village, inhabited by Hindús of the Chuttri caste; it lies between Mir and Landra by the road from Jamú towards Kashmír.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.1, "source_longitude": 75.166667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 6'. Long. 75° 10'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "aste; it lies between Mir and Landra by the road from Jamú towards Kashmír." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chamkot", "historical_name": "CHAMKOT", "modern_name": "Chamkot", "pdf_page": 161, "pdf_viewer_page": 175, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated just above the junction of the Shamshabari and Kazi Nág streams, at the western extremity of the Karnao valley, which here opens out into a luxuriantly cultivated plain. The village lies on the path about midway between Titwal and the Karnao fort; it is shaded by numerous trees, including some chunars, and produces both rice and dry crops. The upper portion of the village is occupied by eight families of zemindars of the Bumba caste; in the lower part there are nine families of zemindars, a barber, a mulla, and two Syuds.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.383333, "source_longitude": 73.85, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 23'. Long. 73° 51'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "fort", "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "CHAMKOT. Chamkot. Fort / historic site. A village situated just above the junction of the Shamshabari and Kazi Nág" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ve the junction of the Shamshabari and Kazi Nág streams, at the western extremity of the Karnao valley, which her" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "y cultivated plain. The village lies on the path about midway between Titwal and the Karnao fort; it is shaded by" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chammerian", "historical_name": "CHAMMERIAN", "modern_name": "Chammerian", "pdf_page": 161, "pdf_viewer_page": 175, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village containing three houses, situated on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga river, about 5 miles north-east of Mozafarnbad, on the path towards Titwal. A small stream rushes down the gorge in which the village lies.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.433333, "source_longitude": 73.533333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 26'. Long. 73° 32'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Shalimar Garden", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ntaining three houses, situated on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga river, about 5 miles north-east of Mozafarnba" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "t 5 miles north-east of Mozafarnbad, on the path towards Titwal. A small stream rushes down the gorge in which the" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "champura", "historical_name": "CHAMPURA", "modern_name": "Champura", "pdf_page": 161, "pdf_viewer_page": 175, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Uttar pargana, situated on the high bank of the Kamil river, just south-west of Shalúrah; it contains five houses inhabited by zemindars. Between this village and Samatwari, on the left bank of the river, there is a ford.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.483333, "source_longitude": 74.166667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 29'. Long. 74° 10. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "in the Uttar pargana, situated on the high bank of the Kamil river, just south-west of Shalúrah; it contains five" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": ", on the left bank of the river, there is a ford." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chanda", "historical_name": "CHANDA", "modern_name": "Chanda", "pdf_page": 161, "pdf_viewer_page": 175, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Badrawár, containing about seven houses inhabited by Rajpúts; it is situated above the left bank of the Nerú river, about 7 miles north-west of Badrawár, on the road towards Doda.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.016667, "source_longitude": 75.7, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 1'. Long. 75° 42'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "d by Rajpúts; it is situated above the left bank of the Nerú river, about 7 miles north-west of Badrawár, on the r" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "bout 7 miles north-west of Badrawár, on the road towards Doda." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chandak", "historical_name": "CHANDAK", "modern_name": "Chandak", "pdf_page": 161, "pdf_viewer_page": 175, "latitude": 33.7488693, "longitude": 74.1746396, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=16283795468086030994&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Chandak 185101. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A large village in the Haveli pargana, at the eastern extremity of the Púnch valley, above the confluence of the Mandi and Súrán rivers. It is distant about 6 miles east of Púnch, lying on the path nearly midway between that town and Mandi, and is surrounded by extensive rice terraces which shelve down towards the river. The village contains about 60 houses, of which 50 are inhabited by Mohammedans, and the remainder by Hindús.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=16283795468086030994&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.75, "source_longitude": 74.216667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 45'. Long. 74° 13'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJMUqSSYE04DgRkjJi9rOp--E", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A large village in the Haveli pargana ... surrounded by extensive rice terraces" } ], "feature_notes": "Classified and described as a village with agricultural terraces; no other features explicitly in place.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chandal", "historical_name": "CHANDAL", "modern_name": "Chandal", "pdf_page": 161, "pdf_viewer_page": 175, "latitude": 32.7529886, "longitude": 75.7749395, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1275275715390888876&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch: Historical Chandal is in the Basohli/Bani-Sewa river area south of Loang; existing Google candidate falls in the same Kathua hill tract and is retained.", "blurb": "A village in the Basoali district, situated on the right bank of the Siowa river, about 2 miles south of Loang.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1275275715390888876&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 32.75, "source_longitude": 75.85, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 45'. Long. 75° 51'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ_zZVmdH2HDkRrFuOpoGwshE", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 91, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in the Basoali district" } ], "feature_notes": "Simply described as a village.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chandanwari", "historical_name": "CHANDANWARI", "modern_name": "Chandanwari", "pdf_page": 161, "pdf_viewer_page": 175, "latitude": 34.0144741, "longitude": 75.3186241, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1559670724719754480&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual research: CHANDANWARI is the modern Chandanwari near Pahalgam on the Amarnath route; existing Google candidate retained.", "blurb": "An encamping ground at the foot of the Astan Marg, at the confluence of the Zolipat and Lidar streams. It lies about 8 miles north-east of Palgám, on the road leading towards the cave of Amrnáth. It is a triangular-shaped grassy plain of considerable extent, shaded by magnificent forest trees, with but little undergrowth; there are no habitations, but wood and water are abundant. Amrnáth may be reached by two paths from this spot, one leads by the Sháshá Nág, the other lies over the Astan Marg.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1559670724719754480&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.083333, "source_longitude": 75.45, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 5'. Long. 75° 27'. Elev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJi1kBRJ8_4jgR8Dx_uUIQpRU", "finalized": false, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 92, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "serai", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "NWARI. Chandanwari. River / watercourse. An encamping ground at the foot of the Astan Marg, at the confluence of the Zolipat a" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "about 8 miles north-east of Palgám, on the road leading towards the cave of Amrnáth. It is a triangular-shaped gr" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chiandargund", "historical_name": "CHIANDARGUND", "modern_name": "Chiandargund", "pdf_page": 161, "pdf_viewer_page": 175, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Nagam pargana, situated near the left bank of the Dúdh Ganga river, rather more than 3 miles north-west of Chrar. It contains five thatched houses.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.9, "source_longitude": 74.783333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 54'. Long. 74° 47'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Char Chinar Dal lake", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "n the Nagam pargana, situated near the left bank of the Dúdh Ganga river, rather more than 3 miles north-west of C" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chandar-sar", "historical_name": "CHANDAR SAR", "modern_name": "Chandar Sar / Gangabal area", "pdf_page": 161, "pdf_viewer_page": 175, "latitude": 34.429, "longitude": 74.923, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Chandar%20Sar%20lake%20Kashmir%20Gangabal", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Chandar Sar is a high lake between Kashmir valley and the Sind valley; the surviving name is associated with the Gangabal/Harmukh lake country, so this is a regional lake-country anchor pending review.", "blurb": "A small lake lying on the lofty mountains between the valley of Kashmir and the Sind river. This lake, which is circular in form, having a diameter of about a quarter of a mile, is situated above the south-west end of the Jajimarg; the stream which flows from it forms one of the sources of the Lidar river.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Chandar%20Sar%20lake%20Kashmir%20Gangabal", "source_latitude": 34.15, "source_longitude": 75.166667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 9'. Long. 75° 10'. Elev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "strong", "reviewed_at": "2026-06-04 manual disambiguation batch 10", "google_place_id": "ChIJA438RCF94TgRWDOLhMqZskQ", "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "A small lake lying on the lofty mountains" } ], "feature_notes": "Clearly a lake, described physically and as a water body.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chandarsr", "historical_name": "CHANDARSRĪ", "modern_name": "Chandarsrī", "pdf_page": 162, "pdf_viewer_page": 176, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village lying about 3 miles south of Palhallan and 6 miles south-west of Patan, on the path towards Gulmarg; it is situated in a little valley on the east side of a wudar or table-land, on the left bank of a stream which almost dries in the summer time; there is a small spring in the village, and another on the hill side to the north-west. There are some beautiful trees in the village, which contains 17 houses inhabited by zemindars, including some Pir Zadas, a messenger, a miller, and a tailor; and also 15 families of sepoys occupying chak or rent-free lands in the neighbourhood. There is much rice cultivation about the village, which also produces dry crops.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.133333, "source_longitude": 74.516667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 8'. Long. 74° 31'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Char Chinar Dal lake", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "spring", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "uses inhabited by zemindars, including some Pir Zadas, a messenger, a miller, and a tailor; and also 15 families" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "towards Gulmarg; it is situated in a little valley on the east side of a wudar or table-land, on the left bank of a" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "dries in the summer time; there is a small spring in the village, and another on the hill side to the north-west. T" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "lan and 6 miles south-west of Patan, on the path towards Gulmarg; it is situated in a little valley on the east si" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chandarsr-2", "historical_name": "CHANDARSRĪ", "modern_name": "Chandarsrī", "pdf_page": 162, "pdf_viewer_page": 176, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A wudar or table-land, lying between Palhallan and Khipūr, by the path leading towards the Gulmarg; it is also called the Mogulpūr wudar, from a village of that name situated at the foot of its south-west slope; but its most common appellation seems to be the Hasitlak wudar. A great portion of the land is cultivated, and trees grow along its southern side.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.133333, "source_longitude": 74.5, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 8'. Long. 74° 30'. Elev. 6,116 feet.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Char Chinar Dal lake", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "lying between Palhallan and Khipūr, by the path leading towards the Gulmarg; it is also called the Mogulpūr wudar" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chandimar", "historical_name": "CHANDIMAR", "modern_name": "Chandimarh", "pdf_page": 162, "pdf_viewer_page": 176, "latitude": 33.6089257, "longitude": 74.4144562, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandimarh", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1558959169176771429&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Chandimarh 185121. Score 72; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A log-house village in the glen between Baramgalla and Poshiana, on the road between Bhimber and Srinagar; it lies on the right bank of the Chitta-pani, about a mile north of Baramgalla. It contains about 25 families, including four blacksmiths; the encamping ground is very limited; some supplies and forage procurable. (Vigne—Allgood.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1558959169176771429&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.633333, "source_longitude": 74.466667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 38'. Long. 74° 28'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJpeLzpRra4TgRZZseyhqJohU", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 72, "match_distance_km": null, "wikipedia_title": "Chandimarh", "wikipedia_match_score": 135, "wikipedia_match_distance_km": 1.3440564386049252, "features": [ "village", "road_or_route", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A log-house village in the glen between Baramgalla and Poshiana" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "on the road between Bhimber and Srinagar" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "it lies on the right bank of the Chitta-pani" } ], "feature_notes": "Village located on a road and river bank.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chandnian", "historical_name": "CHANDNIAN", "modern_name": "Chandnian", "pdf_page": 162, "pdf_viewer_page": 176, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Karno valley, situated on the right bank of the Kazi Nág stream; it lies on the path from Titwal to Sopúr, by way of the Tútmari Galli. Gingi, in the valley of the Jhelam, can, it is said, be reached by two paths from this village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.3, "source_longitude": 73.95, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 18'. Long. 73° 57'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "from Titwal to Sopúr, by way of the Tútmari Galli. Gingi, in the valley of the Jhelam, can, it is said, be reached" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Chandnian. Village. A village in the Karno valley, situated on the right bank of the Kazi Nág stream; it lies on th" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "bank of the Kazi Nág stream; it lies on the path from Titwal to Sopúr, by way of the Tútmari Galli. Gingi, in the" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chandra-bh-g", "historical_name": "CHANDRA BHĀGĀ", "modern_name": "Chenab River", "pdf_page": 162, "pdf_viewer_page": 176, "latitude": 33.145, "longitude": 75.548, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chenab_River", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Chenab%20River%20Doda%20Jammu%20Kashmir", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Chandra Bhāgā is explicitly identified as the upper-course name of the Chenab; pinned to the Chenab near Doda as an upper-course regional anchor.", "blurb": "The Chenāb river bears this name in the upper part of its course. See Chenāb.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Chenab%20River%20Doda%20Jammu%20Kashmir", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "strong", "reviewed_at": "2026-06-04 manual disambiguation batch 10", "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "google_place_id": "ChIJuUYUj7vWHDkRAXAiSVKn4AY", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "The Chenāb river bears this name in the upper part of its course." } ], "feature_notes": "The entry is a river name.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "changan", "historical_name": "CHANGAN", "modern_name": "Changan", "pdf_page": 162, "pdf_viewer_page": 176, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A hamlet in Upper Drawar, situated on a low strip of flat cultivated land on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river, about 2 miles west of Dūdnial. A considerable stream, which is crossed by a bridge, flows down through the eastern end of the village; huge boulders lie scattered about its banks, which are precipitous and rocky. The population consists of 10 families of Mohamedan zemindars, a carpenter, a blacksmith, and a mulla; there is a masjid in the village, and the ziārat of Syud Shehed; also a musafír-khana for the accommodation of travellers. There are a few trees scattered about the place, and some water mills, which are turned by the stream.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.716667, "source_longitude": 74.116667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 43'. Long. 74° 7'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Changan Auto Stallion (Sialkot)", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "serai", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "so a musafír-khana for the accommodation of travellers. There are a few trees scattered about the place, and some water" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "nter, a blacksmith, and a mulla; there is a masjid in the village, and the ziārat of Syud Shehed; also a musafír-kha" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "strip of flat cultivated land on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river, about 2 miles west of Dūdnial. A consi" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "considerable stream, which is crossed by a bridge, flows down through the eastern end of the village; huge boulders" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "so a musafír-khana for the accommodation of travellers. There are a few trees scattered about the place, and some water" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chanote", "historical_name": "CHANOTE", "modern_name": "Chanote", "pdf_page": 162, "pdf_viewer_page": 176, "latitude": 33.0358209, "longitude": 75.6392617, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2287548283652237378&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch: Historical Chanote lies just north-west of Badrawar/Bhaderwah; existing Chanote candidate in the Bhaderwah/Doda area matches the gazetteer geography.", "blurb": "A village situated on the slopes of the mountains, a little distance north-west of Badrawār.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2287548283652237378&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 32.983333, "source_longitude": 75.75, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 59'. Long. 75° 45'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ6wBn1uirHTkRQmilRQsBvx8", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 91, "features": [ "village", "mountain" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village situated on the slopes of the mountains" }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "situated on the slopes of the mountains" } ], "feature_notes": "Village located on mountain slopes.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chanp-ra", "historical_name": "CHANPÚRA", "modern_name": "Chanpora", "pdf_page": 163, "pdf_viewer_page": 177, "latitude": 34.033703, "longitude": 74.8083078, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13187603745012504930&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Chanpora, Srinagar 190015. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village lying on a gentle slope above the left bank of the Shamshabari stream, at the western extremity of the Karnao valley; it produces rice and also some dry crops, and is surrounded by a mass of cultivation, which extends for a considerable distance along the bank of the river. The village is divided into two divisions, Upper and Lower Chanpúra, and contains altogether 19 houses, inhabited by Mohamedan zemindars of the Budwal caste.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13187603745012504930&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.383333, "source_longitude": 73.866667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 23'. Long. 73° 52'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJy-QF30iO4TgRYtkUNLzHA7c", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "lage lying on a gentle slope above the left bank of the Shamshabari stream, at the western extremity of the Karnao" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chanthan", "historical_name": "CHANTHAN", "modern_name": "Chanthan", "pdf_page": 163, "pdf_viewer_page": 177, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated above the right bank of the stream, at the eastern extremity of the Peristán valley. The houses, which number about five, are built of timber, and have flat roofs. All the inhabitants are Hindús.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.316667, "source_longitude": 75.4, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 19'. Long. 75° 24'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Village. A village situated above the right bank of the stream, at the eastern extremity of the Peristán valley. T" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chaomuk", "historical_name": "CHAOMUK", "modern_name": "Chaomuk", "pdf_page": 163, "pdf_viewer_page": 177, "latitude": 33.3021804, "longitude": 73.7228898, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Chaomukh/@33.3021804,73.7228898,2051m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x391fe43a0b716391:0x2b7d271cb28d125!8m2!3d33.303855!4d73.731451!16s%2Fg%2F1thcl4sl?authuser=2&entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A town situated on a plain on the right bank of the Pánch Tót river, which may be forded in the dry season, and is crossed by a ferry during the rains; it is distant 10 miles north-west of Mírpúr, and 36 miles south-west of Kotli, by way of Sensa. The prosperity of this place is said to be on the wane; it is still, however, the centre of a considerable trade in country produce, between the neighbouring districts of the Panjáb and the surrounding hills. The following is an approximate enumeration of the inhabitants: 250 houses inhabited by Hindú zemindars, 50 Hindú shop-keepers, 100 Mohamedan zemindars, 25 Mohamedan shop-keepers, 60 of various trades and occupations; there are also six sepoys attached to the town. The town contains two masjids and the ziárat of the Panch Pir, and two Hindú temples; the red-brick dome of the larger forms a conspicuous landmark; there are likewise three gardens in the town.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Chaomukh/@33.3021804,73.7228898,2051m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x391fe43a0b716391:0x2b7d271cb28d125!8m2!3d33.303855!4d73.731451!16s%2Fg%2F1thcl4sl?authuser=2&entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.3, "source_longitude": 73.783333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 18'. Long. 73° 47'. Elev. 1,202 feet.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "town", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "religious_site", "garden" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "A town situated on a plain on the right bank of the Pánch Tót river" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "on the right bank of the Pánch Tót river" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "which may be forded in the dry season, and is crossed by a ferry during the rains" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "The town contains two masjids and the ziárat of the Panch Pir, and two Hindú temples" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "there are likewise three gardens in the town" } ], "feature_notes": "Town with river, ford/ferry, multiple religious buildings and gardens.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "charat", "historical_name": "CHARAT", "modern_name": "Charat", "pdf_page": 163, "pdf_viewer_page": 177, "latitude": 32.9505606, "longitude": 75.2041468, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=4733133319779278044&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Charat. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small village lying in the plains to the north of the Khund valley, on the path to Bun Dásur, about 6 miles west of Shahabad. (Luce.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=4733133319779278044&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.616667, "source_longitude": 75.183333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 37'. Long. 75° 11'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ_5USnKrNHTkR3FwCWK13r0E", "finalized": false, "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ing in the plains to the north of the Khund valley, on the path to Bun Dásur, about 6 miles west of Shahabad. (Luce." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ns to the north of the Khund valley, on the path to Bun Dásur, about 6 miles west of Shahabad. (Luce.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chashma-shahi", "historical_name": "CHASHMA SHAHI", "modern_name": "Chashma Shahi", "pdf_page": 163, "pdf_viewer_page": 177, "latitude": 34.0863686, "longitude": 74.8865298, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chashme_Shahi", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=3251306897307697980&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research confirmed prior Google candidate: Chashma Shahi / Chashme Shahi is the royal spring near Dal Lake. Existing Google pin kept for precision; review before finalizing.", "blurb": "A beautiful spring situated in a little valley about a mile from the south-eastern shore of the Dal lake.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=3251306897307697980&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.083333, "source_longitude": 74.933333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 5'. Long. 74° 56'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Lake / spring / water site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJo4nrZqWI4TgRPIPNnWX2Hi0", "finalized": true, "wikipedia_title": "Chashme Shahi", "wikipedia_match_score": 127, "wikipedia_match_distance_km": 0.06325110122343727, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "features": [ "spring" ], "primary_feature": "spring", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "spring", "quote": "A beautiful spring situated in a little valley about a mile from the south-eastern shore of the Dal lake." } ], "feature_notes": "Entry is a spring.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chatar", "historical_name": "CHATAR", "modern_name": "Chattar", "pdf_page": 163, "pdf_viewer_page": 177, "latitude": 34.2019749, "longitude": 73.4975006, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Chatter+klass+muzaffarabad/@34.2019749,73.4975006,855m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e0835b1d8a2d1d:0x348457331c066a3f!8m2!3d34.2011482!4d73.4971947!16s%2Fg%2F11l72qxqrq?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMi4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Chattar. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam river, just south of the junction of the Agrar stream. It lies 6 koss north of Kohála, on the new road to Baramúla and the Kashmir valley.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Chatter+klass+muzaffarabad/@34.2019749,73.4975006,855m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e0835b1d8a2d1d:0x348457331c066a3f!8m2!3d34.2011482!4d73.4971947!16s%2Fg%2F11l72qxqrq?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMi4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 34.2, "source_longitude": 73.533333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 12'. Long. 73° 32'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJp5_IQh5o4DgRB7uvfa49zJE", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam river" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "on the left bank of the Jhelam river" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "on the new road to Baramúla and the Kashmir valley" } ], "feature_notes": "Village on river bank and near a road.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chatardhar", "historical_name": "CHATARDHAR", "modern_name": "Chatardhar", "pdf_page": 163, "pdf_viewer_page": 177, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A pass over the mountain range which separates the district of Basoli from the valley of Badrawár. The summit of the pass is distant about 14 miles south of Badrawár and 51 miles north of Basoli; the path lying over a narrow ridge between lofty mountains, the Sombi to the east, and the Kaplas to the west. During the winter months the pass becomes impracticable for cattle and laden coolies, but foot passengers are accustomed to make the passage at all seasons of the year. Both the ascent and descent are easy, that on the north side being somewhat the steeper; but consequent on the many difficulties to be met with on the road between Badrawár and Basaoli, cattle are rarely used on the road, and it has very little traffic.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.883333, "source_longitude": 75.766667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 53'. Long. 75° 46'. Elev. 10,100 feet.", "admin_status": "Pass / route", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Char Chinar Dal lake", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "admin_status: Pass / route" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "h separates the district of Basoli from the valley of Badrawár. The summit of the pass is distant about 14 miles sou" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "CHATARDHAR. Chatardhar. Pass / route. A pass over the mountain range which separates the district of B" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chatero", "historical_name": "CHATERO", "modern_name": "Chatero", "pdf_page": 164, "pdf_viewer_page": 178, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated about 4 miles north-west of Mogalmaidán, on the road leading towards the Marbal pass. It contains six or eight houses, which are scattered on the right bank of the Kasher khol stream, opposite the junction of the Sinechun khol. (Allgood.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.433333, "source_longitude": 75.666667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 26'. Long. 75° 40'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Chattroh", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "dán, on the road leading towards the Marbal pass. It contains six or eight houses, which are scattered on the righ" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ht houses, which are scattered on the right bank of the Kasher khol stream, opposite the junction of the Sinechun" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "t 4 miles north-west of Mogalmaidán, on the road leading towards the Marbal pass. It contains six or eight houses," } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chatsabal", "historical_name": "CHATSABAL", "modern_name": "Chhatabal", "pdf_page": 164, "pdf_viewer_page": 178, "latitude": 34.0866538, "longitude": 74.7901384, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattabal", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=12294163094155798341&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research confirmed prior Google candidate: source describes Chatsabal as a Srinagar suburb on the Jhelam; mapped to modern Chhatabal. Existing Google pin kept for precision; review before finalizing.", "blurb": "A suburb of Srinagar, lying to the west of the city, on the left bank of the Jhelam. There is a custom house situated on the river bank, just beyond the limits of the town, where duties are levied on all merchandise.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=12294163094155798341&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.083333, "source_longitude": 74.816667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 5'. Long. 74° 49'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJZxaTd1aF4TgRRaffZTKknao", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "town", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "A suburb of Srinagar, lying to the west of the city" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "on the left bank of the Jhelam" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "There is a custom house situated on the river bank" } ], "feature_notes": "Town suburb on river bank.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chechian", "historical_name": "CHECHIAN", "modern_name": "Chechian", "pdf_page": 164, "pdf_viewer_page": 178, "latitude": 33.080733, "longitude": 73.7521986, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=14941637599513935241&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Chechian. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small village in Naoshera, 9 miles south of Mirpúr, on the road to the Gatiála ferry. It is situated on the wide open plain, on the left bank of the Jhelam. The inhabitants are Mohamedans, and number 14 families.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=14941637599513935241&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.083333, "source_longitude": 73.783333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 5'. Long. 73° 47'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJpY97H1TrHzkRif2liTtcW88", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A small village in Naoshera, 9 miles south of Mirpúr" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "situated on the wide open plain, on the left bank of the Jhelam." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "on the road to the Gatiála ferry" } ], "feature_notes": "Village on river bank and road.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "cheiyer", "historical_name": "CHEIYER", "modern_name": "Cheiyer", "pdf_page": 164, "pdf_viewer_page": 178, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the Maru Wardwan valley, situated on the right bank of the river, a few miles south of Maru, on the path to Kishtwár. This village contains two Hindu families, almost the only Hindús inhabiting the Maru Wardwan valley.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.633333, "source_longitude": 75.75, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 38'. Long. 75° 45'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Cheyyar", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "illage. A small village in the Maru Wardwan valley, situated on the right bank of the river, a few miles south of Ma" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "he river, a few miles south of Maru, on the path to Kishtwár. This village contains two Hindu families, almost the" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chejwa", "historical_name": "CHEJWA", "modern_name": "Chejwa", "pdf_page": 164, "pdf_viewer_page": 178, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small Gujar village in Lower Drawar, containing four houses; it is situated in a narrow valley about 3 miles east of Ashlok by a fair path, and lies on a small stream which empties itself into the Kishen Ganga river by its left bank.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.466667, "source_longitude": 73.9, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 28'. Long. 73° 54'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "JAMIA MASJID CHEWA", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ing four houses; it is situated in a narrow valley about 3 miles east of Ashlok by a fair path, and lies on a small" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "lley about 3 miles east of Ashlok by a fair path, and lies on a small stream which empties itself into the Kishen" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chen-b", "historical_name": "CHENÁB", "modern_name": "Chenab River", "pdf_page": 164, "pdf_viewer_page": 178, "latitude": 33.145, "longitude": 75.548, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chenab_River", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Chenab%20River%20Doda%20Jammu%20Kashmir", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "The entry is for the Chenab river itself; the pin uses the upper Jammu/Kashmir course near Doda as a representative atlas anchor.", "blurb": "This river is formed of two principal feeders, the Chandra and the Bhága, whence it derives its Sanscrit name of Chandra-Bhága, by which it is usually known in the upper part of its course. Ptolemy calls it Sandabal, but the Greek historians of Alexander named it the Akesines, because its proper name was one of ill omen. Forster mentions the river under the name of the Chinum. Vigne prefers to derive its present appellation of Chenáb from Chand-áb, or \"the water of the moon,\" rather than from Chín-ab, or \"the water of China,\" inasmuch as it does not flow from any part of the Chinese territories. The Chandra and the Bhága rise on opposite sides of the Bara Lacha pass, in north Lat. 32° 45', east Long. 77° 22', at an elevation of 16,500 feet above the sea; they effect a junction at Tandi. From Tandi the Chenáb pursues a north-west course to Kishtwár, a distance of 115 miles. At Kishtwár the river flows in a deep rocky channel, 25 yards wide; its discharge at this place after the junction of the Maru Wardwan river has been calculated at 4,500 cubic feet per second. At a point about 5 miles north of Kishtwár, the river makes a bend for about 90 miles due south; it then sweeps suddenly round to the west, flowing in that direction by a very tortuous course, until a few miles north of Ríssi, when it adopts a south-westerly course to Aknúr, at the foot of the hills, a total distance from Kishtwár of about 150 miles.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Chenab%20River%20Doda%20Jammu%20Kashmir", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "strong", "reviewed_at": "2026-06-04 manual disambiguation batch 10", "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "google_place_id": "ChIJuUYUj7vWHDkRAXAiSVKn4AY", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "This river is formed of two principal feeders, the Chandra and the Bhága" } ], "feature_notes": "Entry is a river with detailed description.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chikar", "historical_name": "CHIKAR", "modern_name": "Chikkar", "pdf_page": 165, "pdf_viewer_page": 179, "latitude": 34.1485584, "longitude": 73.6756947, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chikar_(town)", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8720430599841474250&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Chikkar. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A considerable village in a district of the same name, which lies on the left bank of the Jhelam, and forms part of the Mozafarabad zillah. It is situated between Maira and Hatti, on the old road from Mari towards Kashmir. The village stands on a low ridge between two small and richly cultivated valleys; on the north side of the path is a small fort, and at the foot of the hill beyond the village there is a bungalow for the accommodation of travellers. Supplies procurable.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8720430599841474250&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.15, "source_longitude": 73.716667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 9'.\tLong. 73° 43'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJ42YizWCI4DgRymb_f20xBXk", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "wikipedia_title": "Chikar (town)", "wikipedia_match_score": 135, "wikipedia_match_distance_km": 0.6625061074902165, "features": [ "village", "fort", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A considerable village in a district of the same name" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "on the north side of the path is a small fort" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "on the old road from Mari towards Kashmir" } ], "feature_notes": "Village with small fort adjacent and on a road.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chil", "historical_name": "CHIL", "modern_name": "Chil", "pdf_page": 166, "pdf_viewer_page": 180, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A considerable stream which takes its rise on the southern slopes of the Rámatchan mountain north of Basoli, and empties itself into the Rávi, a few miles above that town. Its waters are clear and cold. The road between Basoli and Badrawár crosses this stream between the villages of Samín and Lar. There are stepping stones on the path, but no bridge, and as the stream is subject to freshets, the passage is sometimes interrupted.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.533333, "source_longitude": 75.9, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 32', long. 75° 54'.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "CHILA-E-KALAN", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "town", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "CHIL. Chil. Town. A considerable stream which takes its rise on the southern slopes of the Rámatchan moun" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "ere are stepping stones on the path, but no bridge, and as the stream is subject to freshets, the passage is sometim" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "at town. Its waters are clear and cold. The road between Basoli and Badrawár crosses this stream between the villa" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chila", "historical_name": "CHILA", "modern_name": "Chila", "pdf_page": 166, "pdf_viewer_page": 180, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in Badrawá, containing about six houses, situated high up in the mountains at the head of the Bin Khud valley, above the right bank of the stream.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33, "source_longitude": 75.65, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 0'. Long. 75° 39'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Chhilla Kashmir", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "n the mountains at the head of the Bin Khud valley, above the right bank of the stream." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chilas", "historical_name": "CHILAS", "modern_name": "Chilas", "pdf_page": 166, "pdf_viewer_page": 180, "latitude": 33.2724384, "longitude": 74.2003231, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13178108775021987697&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 7: This Chilas is not the Gilgit-Baltistan town; the gazetteer places it in the Poonch valley above the left bank of the Punch Toi. Existing Poonch-side candidate retained.", "blurb": "A large village containing about 100 houses, with a mixed population of Hindús and Mohamedans; it is situated on the slopes of the hill, on the south side of the Púnch valley, above the left bank of the Púnch Toí river.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13178108775021987697&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.733333, "source_longitude": 74.083333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 44'. Long. 74° 5'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJD-gn4SLNHzkRccekOhwM4rY", "finalized": false, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 91, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "of the hill, on the south side of the Púnch valley, above the left bank of the Púnch Toí river." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chineni", "historical_name": "CHINENI", "modern_name": "Chineni", "pdf_page": 166, "pdf_viewer_page": 180, "latitude": 33.0355411, "longitude": 75.2748578, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chenani", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Chenani+182141/@33.0355411,75.2748578,3168m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x391dc90fe3ad3655:0xf7398fa68c6d8be5!8m2!3d33.035542!4d75.2851575!16zL20vMGYwbjVk?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large and neat village in a district of the same name, lying about 57 miles north-east of Jamú and 30 miles south-west of Asar, a village on the left bank of the Chandra Bhága river, where it is crossed by a rope bridge. Chineni is built on an eminence on the right bank of the Tawi, and is overlooked by the old palace of its legitimate Rajahs. The mountains to the north are covered with pine forest. Water and supplies abundant.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Chenani+182141/@33.0355411,75.2748578,3168m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x391dc90fe3ad3655:0xf7398fa68c6d8be5!8m2!3d33.035542!4d75.2851575!16zL20vMGYwbjVk?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.033333, "source_longitude": 75.333333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 2'. Long. 75° 20'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "(Forster Vigne—Montgomerie.)", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Chenani", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "fort", "mountain", "forest" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A large and neat village in a district of the same name" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "overlooked by the old palace of its legitimate Rajahs" }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "The mountains to the north are covered with pine forest." }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "covered with pine forest" } ], "feature_notes": "Village overlooked by old palace (fort?), near mountains and forest.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chingas-serai", "historical_name": "CHINGAS SERAI", "modern_name": "Chingas Serai", "pdf_page": 166, "pdf_viewer_page": 180, "latitude": 33.2385452, "longitude": 74.2536611, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Mughal+Sarai+Chingus/@33.2385452,74.2536611,1581m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m10!1m2!2m1!1sChingus+serai!3m6!1s0x391e33434c633ecf:0x81730619081b2150!8m2!3d33.2434891!4d74.2583724!15sCg1DaGluZ3VzIHNlcmFpWg8iDWNoaW5ndXMgc2VyYWmSARJ0b3VyaXN0X2F0dHJhY3Rpb26aASRDaGREU1VoTk1HOW5TMFZKUTBGblNVUkNNblI2WkhKQlJSQULgAQD6AQUIzgMQRA!16s%2Fg%2F11qn5h_dk6?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research: Chingus/Chingas Sarai is documented as a Mughal sarai/fort in Rajouri between Nowshera and Rajouri. Coordinates use published archaeology/source coordinate; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small and scattered village situated on a flat table-land about 200 feet above the right bank of the Tawi river. It lies on the Bhimber route into Kashmir, between Naoshera and Rajaoir, about 13 miles north of the former place, and 15 miles south of the latter. There is a bungalow for the accommodation of travellers, about a quarter of a mile from the village, overlooking the river. It consists of one room 20 feet square, surrounded by an enclosed verandah, 9 feet wide. The old Serai from which the village takes its name is close to the bungalow. There is no encamping ground, and supplies are very scanty. Water is procurable from a baoli or from the river beneath. The hill sides in the vicinity are covered with under-wood and firs, but on the opposite side of the river there is good grazing ground. In proof of the ophiolatry that prevailed in these hills, the ancient slabs sculptured with figures of snakes have been adduced. A most curious example of these stones exists at this village, where, among a number of small lingams under a pipal tree, is a rudely carved slab, representing a serpent with its long coils spreading over the whole length of the stone, and a devotee with clasped hands standing below.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Mughal+Sarai+Chingus/@33.2385452,74.2536611,1581m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m10!1m2!2m1!1sChingus+serai!3m6!1s0x391e33434c633ecf:0x81730619081b2150!8m2!3d33.2434891!4d74.2583724!15sCg1DaGluZ3VzIHNlcmFpWg8iDWNoaW5ndXMgc2VyYWmSARJ0b3VyaXN0X2F0dHJhY3Rpb26aASRDaGREU1VoTk1HOW5TMFZKUTBGblNVUkNNblI2WkhKQlJSQULgAQD6AQUIzgMQRA!16s%2Fg%2F11qn5h_dk6?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.25, "source_longitude": 74.3, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 15'. Long. 74° 18'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Serai / rest house", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "village", "serai", "river_or_lake", "forest" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A small and scattered village situated on a flat table-land about 200 feet above the right bank of the Tawi river." }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "The old Serai from which the village takes its name is close to the bungalow." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Water is procurable from a baoli or from the river beneath." }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "The hill sides in the vicinity are covered with under-wood and firs" } ], "feature_notes": "Village containing an old serai near river, wooded hills nearby.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chingram", "historical_name": "CHINGRAM", "modern_name": "Chingam", "pdf_page": 166, "pdf_viewer_page": 180, "latitude": 33.5785645, "longitude": 75.5626039, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=12573571849720187320&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Chingam 182205. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small village on the left bank of the Sinthon Khol stream; it lies about 6 koss north of Mogalmaidan by a very fair path, on the road between Kishtwár and Nowbug by the Chingram pass. The village is prettily situated, surrounded with mountains, which are thickly wooded with fir.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=12573571849720187320&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.483333, "source_longitude": 75.65, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 29'. Long. 75° 39'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "(Hervey.)", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJu48HU3-GHTkRuElszPpMfq4", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "between Kishtwár and Nowbug by the Chingram pass. The village is prettily situated, surrounded with mountains, whi" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ingam. Village. A small village on the left bank of the Sinthon Khol stream; it lies about 6 koss north of Mogalma" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "6 koss north of Mogalmaidan by a very fair path, on the road between Kishtwár and Nowbug by the Chingram pass. Th" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chinjiart", "historical_name": "CHINJIART", "modern_name": "Chinjiart", "pdf_page": 166, "pdf_viewer_page": 180, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Lower Drawar; it lies on the flat top of a mountain with very precipitous sides, situated above the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river, just north of the confluence of the Jagran stream. It contains a masjid and 12 houses. The inhabitants are all Mohamedans.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.566667, "source_longitude": 75.9, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 34'. Long. 75° 54'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Char Chinar Dal lake", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "fluence of the Jagran stream. It contains a masjid and 12 houses. The inhabitants are all Mohamedans." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "precipitous sides, situated above the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river, just north of the confluence of the Ja" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chitta-pani", "historical_name": "CHITTA PANI", "modern_name": "Chatta pani", "pdf_page": 167, "pdf_viewer_page": 181, "latitude": 33.6526213, "longitude": 74.500996, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13347051694162370632&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: MG32+29X, Poshiana, 185121. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A stream which rises on the western slopes of the Pansāl range, at the foot of the pass of that name, north-west of Allabād Serai; after its junction with the Nūrīcham stream near the village of Biflārge, in lat. 33° 37', long. 74° 24', the united waters form the Sūran river, which flows in a north-westerly direction towards Pūnch. The bed of this stream is very stony; after heavy rain it becomes an impetuous torrent. Between Baramgāl and Poshiāna the road into Kashmīr by the Pir Panjāl route runs along the bed of the stream, which here lies between lofty and precipitous mountains, and is crossed and re-crossed by about 28 small and very rudely constructed bridges. (Luce.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13347051694162370632&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Serai / rest house", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJC3F1v1vd4TgRSOBS1cxAOrk", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "mountain", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "A stream which rises on the western slopes of the Pansāl range" }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "western slopes of the Pansāl range" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "is crossed and re-crossed by about 28 small and very rudely constructed bridges." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "the road into Kashmīr by the Pir Panjāl route runs along the bed of the stream" } ], "feature_notes": "Stream (river) in mountains with many small bridges and a road running along it.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chittar", "historical_name": "CHITTAR", "modern_name": "Chittar", "pdf_page": 167, "pdf_viewer_page": 181, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village shaded by fine trees, lying in the middle of the Kuthār pargana, about 10 miles north-east of Achibal. It contains a masjid and 20 houses, of which 2 are inhabited by Pandits, and the others by Mohamedans of both the Shiah and Suni sects.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.75, "source_longitude": 75.383333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 45'. Long. 75° 23'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Chittar", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "miles north-east of Achibal. It contains a masjid and 20 houses, of which 2 are inhabited by Pandits, and the other" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chitti-naddi", "historical_name": "CHITTI NADDI", "modern_name": "Chitti Naddi", "pdf_page": 167, "pdf_viewer_page": 181, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This stream, which is also known as the Bromush river, takes its rise in the Gogal Marg, on the northern slopes of the Pansāl range, at the foot of the Golābgarh pass; it flows in a north-westerly direction through the Zojimarg, draining a grassy and wooded valley, which is enclosed by lofty mountains; it receives by its left bank the waters of the Dontush stream, which flows from a small nāg or tarn on the slopes of the Brama Sakal mountain, also the Chitta pani, or Churush stream, and numerous other torrents, and empties itself into the Veshau river, in lat. 33° 37', long. 74° 49', just north of the village of Kangwattan.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "Marg, on the northern slopes of the Pansāl range, at the foot of the Golābgarh pass; it flows in a north-westerly" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "CHITTI NADDI. Chitti Naddi. Village. This stream, which is also known as the Bromush river, takes its rise in the" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chitting-l", "historical_name": "CHITTINGŪL", "modern_name": "Chattergul", "pdf_page": 167, "pdf_viewer_page": 181, "latitude": 34.316, "longitude": 74.895, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattergul", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Chattergul%20Ganderbal%20Kashmir", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Chittingūl lies in Lar pargana north of the Sind, west of the Wangat route; modern Chattergul in Ganderbal is the closest modern form and setting.", "blurb": "A considerable village in the Lar pargana; it lies in the valley to the north of the Sind river, on the west of the path from Srinagar to the Wangat ruins. Chittingūl is about 18 miles north of Srinagar by road. Supplies are procurable, and water from a stream.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.3, "source_longitude": 74.9, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 18'. Long. 74° 54'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "strong", "reviewed_at": "2026-06-04 manual disambiguation batch 10", "features": [ "village", "town", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "CHITTINGŪL. Chattergul. Village. A considerable village in the Lar pargana; it lies in the valley to the north of the Sin" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "village in the Lar pargana; it lies in the valley to the north of the Sind river, on the west of the path from Srin" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "north of the Sind river, on the west of the path from Srinagar to the Wangat ruins. Chittingūl is about 18 miles n" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "est of the path from Srinagar to the Wangat ruins. Chittingūl is about 18 miles north of Srinagar by road. Supplies" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chiuli", "historical_name": "CHIULI", "modern_name": "Chiuli", "pdf_page": 167, "pdf_viewer_page": 181, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A hamlet situated towards the eastern extremity of the Peristān valley, above the left bank of the stream; it lies on the path leading towards the Hinjan Dhar pass and the Lider Khol valley. The huts, which are scattered on the hill side, are built of timber and have flat roofs; they are five in number, and are inhabited by three Gūjar families, a potter, and a thākur. Just to the west of the village and below it there is a kadal bridge across the stream; it may also be forded a little higher up, where the banks are low.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.316667, "source_longitude": 75.383333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 19'. Long. 75° 23'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "on the path leading towards the Hinjan Dhar pass and the Lider Khol valley. The huts, which are scattered on the h" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "wards the eastern extremity of the Peristān valley, above the left bank of the stream; it lies on the path leading t" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "west of the village and below it there is a kadal bridge across the stream; it may also be forded a little higher u" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "the left bank of the stream; it lies on the path leading towards the Hinjan Dhar pass and the Lider Khol valley. T" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "choan", "historical_name": "CHOAN", "modern_name": "Choan", "pdf_page": 167, "pdf_viewer_page": 181, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the right bank of the Sāndran river, at the extremity of the Shahabad pargana, about 10 miles south-east of Vernāg; it is the point of arrival and departure from the Kashmīr valley by the Nandmarg and Brari Bal passes. The village, though not large, extends for a considerable distance; the better description of houses, which are built of timber, with pent shingle roofs, are situated on a shelf of the hill towards the north-west, and are surrounded by fields and gardens enclosed with stone walls; the houses at the other end of the village are single-storied log huts. All the inhabitants are Mohamedans, and number about 10 families, including two of Gujars. There is a customs post in this village, and a small revenue establishment is maintained, except during the four winter months, when the passes are entirely closed, the duties collected seem to be very small, amounting, it is stated, to under one hundred rupees annually. Snow lies at Choan for five months in the year. Iron ore is obtained in small quantities from mines in the immediate vicinity, but all engaged in the trade live in the villages on the left bank of the village. Mogfdm Sahib’s malkan occupies a most picturesque position in the village, looking down the valley; below it, shaded by some fine walnut trees, is the small ziarat of Musam Shah, close to which, on the grassy bank of the river, is the usual encamping ground. Supplies are scarce.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.466667, "source_longitude": 75.4, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 28'. Long. 75° 24'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "serai", "religious_site", "garden", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "the grassy bank of the river, is the usual encamping ground. Supplies are scarce." }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "ded by some fine walnut trees, is the small ziarat of Musam Shah, close to which, on the grassy bank of the river, i" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "orth-west, and are surrounded by fields and gardens enclosed with stone walls; the houses at the other end of the vil" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "n. Village. A village situated on the right bank of the Sāndran river, at the extremity of the Shahabad pargana, a" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chodra", "historical_name": "CHODRA.", "modern_name": "Chodra.", "pdf_page": 168, "pdf_viewer_page": 182, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "See Sadura.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "Defaulted to village because no explicit feature evidence was found." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chogal", "historical_name": "CHOGAL.", "modern_name": "Chogal", "pdf_page": 168, "pdf_viewer_page": 182, "latitude": 34.4007387, "longitude": 74.3031997, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Chogal+193221/@34.4007387,74.3031997,1569m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m15!1m8!3m7!1s0x38e11cede799fc8d:0x37953ecde7a3233c!2sHandwara+193221!3b1!8m2!3d34.3996158!4d74.2817479!16zL20vMGY0eWt2!3m5!1s0x38e11b62f246d2e5:0x69ab71b7d5179985!8m2!3d34.4006992!4d74.3135394!16s%2Fg%2F11tmhsk2ks?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Chogal 193221. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A considerable village in the Machhipura pargana, situated on the Pohru river, about 13 miles north-west of Sopur, and the same distance south-east of Shalurah; it forms the usual stage between these places. The village is divided into three sections, that lying on the high right bank of the river is the oldest; the other two divisions are situated on the left bank; the stream is usually fordable, and when the waters are high, there is communication by boat with the Jhelam.\n\nChogal is inhabited by 60 families of Mohamedan zemindars, five Sikhs, four Gujars, four leather-workers, two watchmen, two cow-keepers, a sweeper, three mullahs, and a Syud; and has a small garrison of eight or ten sepoys. It also contains the ziarat of Shaikh Ahmud sahib, near which stands the masjid, a substantial double-storied brick building. There are some fine chunar trees in the village, and a convenient space for encamping on the left bank of the river. From the village of Ricknaknam, which lies just to the north-east, there is a good path over the mountains into the Uttar pargana. Supplies are obtainable. The highest peak in the range of hills to the north is called Dewa Null.\n\nVigne remarks that a panoramic view, replete with most of the beauties of sylvan scenery, is obtainable from the hill close to Chogal, composed of ridges and hollows, plains and cultivated spots, partly rescued by the hand of man from the profusion of pine forest, by which they are so extensively covered, and around all is extended the noble and unbroken amphitheatre of mountain by which this end of Kashmir is bounded.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Chogal+193221/@34.4007387,74.3031997,1569m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m15!1m8!3m7!1s0x38e11cede799fc8d:0x37953ecde7a3233c!2sHandwara+193221!3b1!8m2!3d34.3996158!4d74.2817479!16zL20vMGY0eWt2!3m5!1s0x38e11b62f246d2e5:0x69ab71b7d5179985!8m2!3d34.4006992!4d74.3135394!16s%2Fg%2F11tmhsk2ks?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 34.416667, "source_longitude": 74.366667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 25'.\tLong. 74° 22'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ5dJG8mIb4TgRhZkX1bdxq2k", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "religious_site", "forest", "mountain" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A considerable village in the Machhipura pargana" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "situated on the Pohru river" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "It also contains the ziarat of Shaikh Ahmud sahib, near which stands the masjid" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "mountains to the north are covered with pine forest" }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "hill close to Chogal" } ], "feature_notes": "Village on river with religious shrine and mosque, near forested mountains.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chota-ali", "historical_name": "CHOTA ALI", "modern_name": "Chota Ali", "pdf_page": 168, "pdf_viewer_page": 182, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the upper part of the valley of the Harpetkai stream; it lies about 10 miles south of Bhaniar, on a footpath leading directly towards Srinagar. The village consists of six or eight shepherds’ houses surrounded by a little Indian corn cultivation; cattle and sheep graze here in summer, but in winter the place is deserted. A path lies over the mountains from this village to Punch. (Allgood.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.05, "source_longitude": 74.25, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 3'.\tLong. 74° 15'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Chota ali wala", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "e. A small village in the upper part of the valley of the Harpetkai stream; it lies about 10 miles south of Bhaniar," }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "mer, but in winter the place is deserted. A path lies over the mountains from this village to Punch. (Allgood.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "choutra", "historical_name": "CHOUTRA.", "modern_name": "Choutra.", "pdf_page": 168, "pdf_viewer_page": 182, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village lying high up on the slopes of the mountain a few miles north of Poni, to the west of the road leading towards the Budil pass. It consists of a few houses. (Allgood.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.15, "source_longitude": 74.75, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 9'.\tLong. 74° 45'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "west of the road leading towards the Budil pass. It consists of a few houses. (Allgood.)" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "few miles north of Poni, to the west of the road leading towards the Budil pass. It consists of a few houses. (All" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chr-r", "historical_name": "CHRÁR", "modern_name": "Charari Sharief", "pdf_page": 169, "pdf_viewer_page": 183, "latitude": 33.862, "longitude": 74.766, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charari_Sharief", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=33.862,74.766", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web-researched strong candidate: Charari Sharief. Wikipedia gives Charari Sharief/Charar-i-Sharief coordinates 33.862, 74.766; source describes Chrar town and the Shah-nur-ud-din shrine.", "blurb": "A small town on the north-west side of the valley of Kashmír, lying about 3¼ miles west of Ramú, on the road between Shupian and Srinagar, and 13 miles north-east of Shupian by the direct path. Chrá r is built on one of the many bare sandy ridges by which the Pansál range subsides into the level of the valley; these ridges are usually more or less flattened at the top, but have steep and almost perpendicular sides, which are here and there furrowed with rain channels; owing to the scarcity of water obtainable, these ridges are seldom cultivated.\n\nThe town is built some- what in the form of the letter X, and now contains about 500 houses; the inhabitants state that about 40 years ago there were more than double this number, before the occurrence of a conflagration, by which the place was totally destroyed. But for its reputed sanctity, it would be difficult to account for its prosperity, as the town owes nothing to its geographical situation. The houses are well built of burnt bricks, which are made in the neighbourhood, and have shingle roofs, but mostly without the usual additional covering of birch-bark and earth.\n\nThe town is offensively dirty, and ill supplied with water from three tanks; better water may be procured in the ravines at some little distance to the east. With the exception of the clump of trees about the ziárát, and a few vegetable gardens in the town and around it, there is little or no shade or cultivation about the place. The town is commanded by superior heights on the south, and in a less degree by the ridges to the east and west, which run parallel to that on which it stands. A very fine view, embracing almost the whole of the valley of Kashmír, is obtainable from the survey station on the hill to the north-east of the town.\n\nChrá r is a kusaba or market-place, and has an annual fair, which commences in September and lasts for two months; the fair is held on one day in the week. The inhabitants are exclusively Mahomedans. The most convenient spot for encamping is on the east side of the town; but there is almost an entire absence of shade, and water must be procured from the ravine at some little distance. Supplies are abundant. Chrá r contains the ziárát or shrine of Shah-núr-úd-dín (the light of the faith); the great celebrity of this saint seems chiefly owing to his having been a Kashmírí by birth.\n\nThe tomb is of the usual form, but is perhaps better proportioned, and contains more elaborate carving, than any other in the valley; it is said to have been built during the reign of the emperor Akbar, and the adjoining masjid in the time of Atta Mohamed Khán, the Pathan governor. The masjid consists of a large oblong building, with a wing at either end; it is built of hewn timber placed transversely, and raised on a plinth of brick-work. It is a double-storied building, the centre chambers measuring about 80 feet by 60, with an elevation of about 30 feet; the roof, which rises in tiers, is supported by four pillars of hewn timber, each formed of the single trunk of a deodar tree.\n\nThe interior is quite plain; the massive wood-work is neither stained nor varnished, but the windows are filled with trellis work.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=33.862,74.766", "source_latitude": 33.866667, "source_longitude": 74.816667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 52'. Long. 74° 49. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "town", "religious_site", "garden" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "A small town on the north-west side of the valley of Kashmír" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "Chrá r contains the ziárát or shrine of Shah-núr-úd-dín" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "a few vegetable gardens in the town and around it" } ], "feature_notes": "Town containing a shrine and some gardens.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chr-t", "historical_name": "CHRÁT", "modern_name": "Chrát", "pdf_page": 169, "pdf_viewer_page": 183, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a pargana in the Shupian zillah of the Míráj division; it lies on the left bank of the Jhelam, to the south-east of Srinagar. The tehsil station is at Múran.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dal_Lake", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "town", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "Jhelam, to the south-east of Srinagar. The tehsil station is at Múran." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "of the Míráj division; it lies on the left bank of the Jhelam, to the south-east of Srinagar. The tehsil station" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chuchli", "historical_name": "CHUCHLI", "modern_name": "Chuchli", "pdf_page": 170, "pdf_viewer_page": 184, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Basaoli district, containing about six houses, surrounded with cultivation; it is situated on the hill side above the right bank of the stream, about a mile north of Loang, on the path leading from Basaoli towards Badrawár, by the Chatardhar pass.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.783333, "source_longitude": 75.833333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 47'. Long. 75° 50'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "Basaoli towards Badrawár, by the Chatardhar pass." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "s situated on the hill side above the right bank of the stream, about a mile north of Loang, on the path leading f" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "stream, about a mile north of Loang, on the path leading from Basaoli towards Badrawár, by the Chatardhar pass." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chujkot", "historical_name": "CHUJKOT", "modern_name": "Chersoo", "pdf_page": 170, "pdf_viewer_page": 184, "latitude": 33.885, "longitude": 75.025, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chersoo", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Chersoo%20Awantipora%20Pulwama", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Chujkot is between Bijbehara and Awantipur on the right bank of the Jhelum; modern Chersoo/Chursoo lies in this corridor and is the strongest surviving-name candidate.", "blurb": "A village situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, between Bij-Behára and Awantipúr; it contains a filature.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Chersoo%20Awantipora%20Pulwama", "source_latitude": 33.866667, "source_longitude": 75.083333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 52'. Long. 75° 5'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "strong", "reviewed_at": "2026-06-04 manual disambiguation batch 10", "google_place_id": "ChIJ00cJk_we4jgR7Um6a8wy27w", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village situated on the right bank of the Jhelam" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "situated on the right bank of the Jhelam" } ], "feature_notes": "Village on river bank with filature.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chun", "historical_name": "CHUN", "modern_name": "Chun", "pdf_page": 170, "pdf_viewer_page": 184, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A Gújar village containing eight huts; it is situated above the left bank of the Kishen Ganga river, and lies just above the path from Mozafarabad towards Títwal.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.45, "source_longitude": 73.616667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 27'. Long. 73° 37'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "g eight huts; it is situated above the left bank of the Kishen Ganga river, and lies just above the path from Moza" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "Kishen Ganga river, and lies just above the path from Mozafarabad towards Títwal." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "chur-nags", "historical_name": "CHUR NAGS", "modern_name": "Chur Nags", "pdf_page": 170, "pdf_viewer_page": 184, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "These tarns lie in a gulli on the top of the range of lofty mountains which separates the valley of Kashmir from Maru Wardwan; they are situated above the Nowbúg Nai to the north of the Margán pass. The path from the village of Saogam, in the Kuthár pargana, leading to Inshin, in the Maru Wardwan valley, passes by these lakes.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.766667, "source_longitude": 75.516667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 46'. Long. 75° 31'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Ram Poori Wale by Kashmir Chur Chur Naan", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "hese tarns lie in a gulli on the top of the range of lofty mountains which separates the valley of Kashmir from Mar" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ange of lofty mountains which separates the valley of Kashmir from Maru Wardwan; they are situated above the Nowbúg" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "úg Nai to the north of the Margán pass. The path from the village of Saogam, in the Kuthár pargana, leading to Ins" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dabigarh", "historical_name": "DABIGARH", "modern_name": "Dabigarh", "pdf_page": 170, "pdf_viewer_page": 184, "latitude": 33.3925528, "longitude": 74.0555104, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Karjai+Fort+%D9%82%D9%84%D8%B9%DB%81+%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%E2%80%AD/@33.3925528,74.0555104,3155m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m10!1m2!2m1!1skarjai!3m6!1s0x391fd725527ede6f:0x5d5cacc6841598cb!8m2!3d33.3922332!4d74.0654629!15sCgZrYXJqYWmSAQ1oaXN0b3JpY19zaXRl4AEA!16s%2Fg%2F11g6j759v_?authuser=2&entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A fort in the Naoshera district, situated on the top of the ridge to the north-east of the path between Naoshera and Kotli. It has a garrison of 25 men. (Alyood.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Karjai+Fort+%D9%82%D9%84%D8%B9%DB%81+%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%E2%80%AD/@33.3925528,74.0555104,3155m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m10!1m2!2m1!1skarjai!3m6!1s0x391fd725527ede6f:0x5d5cacc6841598cb!8m2!3d33.3922332!4d74.0654629!15sCgZrYXJqYWmSAQ1oaXN0b3JpY19zaXRl4AEA!16s%2Fg%2F11g6j759v_?authuser=2&entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.4, "source_longitude": 74.116667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 24'. Long. 74° 7'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "fort" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "A fort in the Naoshera district, situated on the top of the ridge" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "It has a garrison of 25 men" } ], "feature_notes": "Features classified by LLM from the gazetteer entry context.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dachin", "historical_name": "DACHIN", "modern_name": "Dachin", "pdf_page": 170, "pdf_viewer_page": 184, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A district which extends for a considerable distance along the right bank of the Jhelam to the west of Baramúla. In the time of the emperor Akbar, it was constituted one of the parganas of Kashmir. The wheat grown in this locality is of a very superior description. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Dachigam National Park", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "for a considerable distance along the right bank of the Jhelam to the west of Baramúla. In the time of the emperor" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dachin-2", "historical_name": "DACHIN", "modern_name": "Dachin", "pdf_page": 170, "pdf_viewer_page": 184, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name applied to the mountains on both sides of the defile, to the south of the Maru Wardwan valley, through which the river flows in its course towards Kishtwár. The path which lies up this valley is extremely difficult, and not practicable for ponies. (Vigne.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Dachigam National Park", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "r flows in its course towards Kishtwár. The path which lies up this valley is extremely difficult, and not practic" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dachinpara", "historical_name": "DACHINPARA", "modern_name": "Dachnipora", "pdf_page": 170, "pdf_viewer_page": 184, "latitude": 33.8128313, "longitude": 75.217766, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dachnipora", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/BLOCK+DEVELOPMENT+OFFICE+DACHNIPORA/@33.8128313,75.217766,2957m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e2112279bd4a2f:0x4c50a45bab8e0cc3!8m2!3d33.8169499!4d75.2158587!16s%2Fg%2F11thqvks0j?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Dachinpara is the Lidar-side pargana with tehsil at Kanelwan; modern Dachnipora/Dachinpara area in Anantnag preserves the administrative name.", "blurb": "A pargana in the Antnág zilla of the Míráj division; it lies on the right bank of the Jhelam, and is comprised in the district drained by the Lidar river. The tehsil station is at Kanelwan; a good road, communicating with the Trál valley, lies over the Bhágumr mountains, the intervening range. The pargana of Dachinpara is famous for its breed of ponies. A native purchaser pays from twenty-five to forty rupees (British currency) for a good Kashmir horse. They have a curious custom in this pargana—in certain places they pile up a heap of brushwood, every person passing adding a piece; when it reaches a certain size, they say that it takes fire of itself, and is destroyed. The heap is called autter. (Montgomerie—Elmslie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/BLOCK+DEVELOPMENT+OFFICE+DACHNIPORA/@33.8128313,75.217766,2957m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e2112279bd4a2f:0x4c50a45bab8e0cc3!8m2!3d33.8169499!4d75.2158587!16s%2Fg%2F11thqvks0j?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "strong", "reviewed_at": "2026-06-04 manual disambiguation batch 10", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A pargana in the Antnág zilla of the Míráj division" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "The pargana of Dachinpara is famous for its breed of ponies" } ], "feature_notes": "The excerpt does not explicitly describe Dachinpara itself as a settlement; it is a pargana. No direct evidence of fort, town, or village physically at Dachinpara. Therefore not tagged as fort or town. Assuming village for pargana area, but the source excerpt does not describe Dachinpara place, but the pargana only. Possibly no primary feature.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dagar", "historical_name": "DAGAR", "modern_name": "Dagar", "pdf_page": 171, "pdf_viewer_page": 185, "latitude": 33.4056284, "longitude": 73.7853277, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Degar/@33.4056284,73.7853277,789m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m10!1m2!2m1!1sdagar!3m6!1s0x391fe1b43bef974f:0x19321e41960b7bf2!8m2!3d33.4058127!4d73.7902558!15sCgVkYWdhcpIBCGxvY2FsaXR54AEA!16s%2Fg%2F1wj_rnrs?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Naoshera, containing about 50 houses inhabited by Mohamedan zemindars; it lies on the right bank of the Pûnch Toi, between Chowmuk and Kotli.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Degar/@33.4056284,73.7853277,789m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m10!1m2!2m1!1sdagar!3m6!1s0x391fe1b43bef974f:0x19321e41960b7bf2!8m2!3d33.4058127!4d73.7902558!15sCgVkYWdhcpIBCGxvY2FsaXR54AEA!16s%2Fg%2F1wj_rnrs?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.416667, "source_longitude": 78.833333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 25'. Long. 78° 50'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in Naoshera, containing about 50 houses inhabited by Mohamedan zemindars" } ], "feature_notes": "Features classified by LLM from the gazetteer entry context.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dagli", "historical_name": "DAGLI", "modern_name": "Dagli", "pdf_page": 171, "pdf_viewer_page": 185, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village in Badrawâr, said to contain about 30 houses almost exclusively inhabited by Hindûs; it lies on the slopes of the mountain above the right bank of the Bin Kad stream, towards the southern end of the valley.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.016667, "source_longitude": 75.65, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 1'. Long. 75° 39'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Dachigam National Park", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the slopes of the mountain above the right bank of the Bin Kad stream, towards the southern end of the valley." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "daigwar", "historical_name": "DAIGWAR", "modern_name": "Daigwar", "pdf_page": 171, "pdf_viewer_page": 185, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A cluster of villages situated in the valley of the Bitarh, north of Pûnch; the most considerable lies on the left bank of the river, about 4 miles from Pûnch; it contains about 30 huts, situated upon an open and cultivated plain; there are some fine trees near it. (Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.816667, "source_longitude": 74.133333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 49'. Long. 74° 8'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Dachigam National Park", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "lage. A cluster of villages situated in the valley of the Bitarh, north of Pûnch; the most considerable lies on the" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dainam-sar", "historical_name": "DAINAM SAR", "modern_name": "Danam Sar", "pdf_page": 171, "pdf_viewer_page": 185, "latitude": 33.866503, "longitude": 74.4132801, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Damam+Sar+Tosa+Maidaan/@33.866503,74.4132801,5138m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e1b9b572dbace5:0xcc8e53bd717cc5ff!8m2!3d33.8664847!4d74.4192399!16s%2Fg%2F11jsmcfvxl?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 candidate batch: Historical Dainam Sar is a mountain lake just east of the Tosha Maidan pass; modern Danam Sar is the same alpine lake-name candidate in that pass/lake cluster. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A mountain lake, lying to the south of the path, just east of the Tosha maidân pass; it is situated at a great elevation, at the upper end of the Tseminar. The rocky chain of the Pansâl range rises abruptly from its western edge.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Damam+Sar+Tosa+Maidaan/@33.866503,74.4132801,5138m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e1b9b572dbace5:0xcc8e53bd717cc5ff!8m2!3d33.8664847!4d74.4192399!16s%2Fg%2F11jsmcfvxl?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.866667, "source_longitude": 74.466667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 52'. Long. 74° 28'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Lake / spring / water site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJ67x10we44TgRCXWdkuk1M6w", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "mountain", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "A mountain lake, lying to the south of the path" }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "The rocky chain of the Pansâl range rises abruptly from its western edge" } ], "feature_notes": "Primary feature is lake (water body). The entry describes the lake and also mentions the adjacent mountain range.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dainkmarg-or-danik-marag", "historical_name": "DAINKMARG (or DANIK MARAG)", "modern_name": "Dainkmarg", "pdf_page": 171, "pdf_viewer_page": 185, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of the mountain range in the Banhâl district which divides the valley of the Mohu stream from that of the Banhâl stream; a path lies over the range between the villages of Mohu and Deogol. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Dachigam National Park", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ainkmarg. Village. The name of the mountain range in the Banhâl district which divides the valley of the Mohu strea" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ge in the Banhâl district which divides the valley of the Mohu stream from that of the Banhâl stream; a path lies ov" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "hu stream from that of the Banhâl stream; a path lies over the range between the villages of Mohu and Deogol. (Mon" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dairamun", "historical_name": "DAIRAMUN", "modern_name": "Dairamun", "pdf_page": 171, "pdf_viewer_page": 185, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Machbhâma pargana, situated just to the west of Sybûg, with which it is connected by a path lined with magnificent chunar trees; it lies to the north of the road leading to Makahâma. The village contains a maṣjid, and 12 houses inhabited by zemindars, five Pir Zadas, a mùlla, a watchman, and a washerman. It produces both rice and dry crops.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.083333, "source_longitude": 74.733333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 5'. Long. 74° 44'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Dachigam National Park", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "and 12 houses inhabited by zemindars, five Pir Zadas, a mùlla, a watchman, and a washerman. It produces both ric" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "t of Sybûg, with which it is connected by a path lined with magnificent chunar trees; it lies to the north of the" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dakar", "historical_name": "DAKAR", "modern_name": "Dakar", "pdf_page": 171, "pdf_viewer_page": 185, "latitude": 33.529303, "longitude": 73.8980657, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Dakhari/@33.529303,73.8980657,1372m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e0217c724592a3:0xedfb51ce2ac73be4!8m2!3d33.5281221!4d73.896546!16s%2Fg%2F11xl8tp1n?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village lying on the level bank of the Pûnch Toi, just north of, and opposite, the town of Kotli. It is inhabited by Mohamedans, and contains 26 houses.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Dakhari/@33.529303,73.8980657,1372m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e0217c724592a3:0xedfb51ce2ac73be4!8m2!3d33.5281221!4d73.896546!16s%2Fg%2F11xl8tp1n?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.533333, "source_longitude": 73.933333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 32'. Long. 73° 56'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kashmir", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village lying on the level bank of the Pûnch Toi" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "on the level bank of the Pûnch Toi" } ], "feature_notes": "Features classified by LLM from the gazetteer entry context.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dakinkot", "historical_name": "DAKINKOT", "modern_name": "Dakinkot", "pdf_page": 171, "pdf_viewer_page": 185, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Upper Darwar, containing three houses, situated on the slopes of the mountain above the path and the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river, about 3 miles south-west of Dworian.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.716667, "source_longitude": 74.033333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 43'. Long. 74° 2'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "SinthanTop Daksum Kashmir", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "f the mountain above the path and the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river, about 3 miles south-west of Dworian." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ted on the slopes of the mountain above the path and the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river, about 3 miles south" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dal", "historical_name": "DAL", "modern_name": "Dal Lake", "pdf_page": 171, "pdf_viewer_page": 185, "latitude": 34.113, "longitude": 74.871, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dal_Lake", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=34.113,74.871", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web-researched strong candidate: Dal Lake. Source says a lake east of Srinagar; modern Dal Lake is the well-known lake east/northeast of Srinagar.", "blurb": "A lake lying to the east of the city of Srinagar. (See Srinagar.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Lake / spring / water site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "A lake lying to the east of the city of Srinagar" } ], "feature_notes": "Features classified by LLM from the gazetteer entry context.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dal-2", "historical_name": "DAL", "modern_name": "Dal", "pdf_page": 171, "pdf_viewer_page": 185, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in Jamû, on the southern slope of the ridge about 2 miles north of Dansâl, and some little distance west of the road towards Krimchi. It is inhabited principally by Brahmins.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangabal_Lake", "source_latitude": 33.9, "source_longitude": 75.033333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 54'. Long. 75° 2'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Dal Lake", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "llage in Jamû, on the southern slope of the ridge about 2 miles north of Dansâl, and some little distance west of t" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ansâl, and some little distance west of the road towards Krimchi. It is inhabited principally by Brahmins." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dali-nar", "historical_name": "DALI NAR", "modern_name": "Dali Nar", "pdf_page": 171, "pdf_viewer_page": 185, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This stream takes its rise on the slopes of the snowy Pansâl, between the Tosha maidân and Sang Sofed passes; it flows for the most part in a south-westerly direction through a narrow valley, and joins the Gagrin stream just north of Mandi, in lat. 33° 48', long. 74° 18'. The direct path from Pûnch to Kashmîr lies along the banks of this stream, which are generally rocky and precipitous. It is not fordable, but is crossed by a narrow kadal bridge between the villages of Rajpûr and Pulera.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Nar kotli azad kashmir", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "DALI NAR. Dali Nar. Village. This stream takes its rise on the slopes of the snowy Pansâl, between the Tos" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "generally rocky and precipitous. It is not fordable, but is crossed by a narrow kadal bridge between the villages of" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "in lat. 33° 48', long. 74° 18'. The direct path from Pûnch to Kashmîr lies along the banks of this stream, which" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dalwich", "historical_name": "DALWICH", "modern_name": "Dalwich", "pdf_page": 172, "pdf_viewer_page": 186, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village surrounded with trees, situated in the centre of the Shahabad valley, about 5 miles north-west of Vernág; it is watered by the stream which flows from the Vetaritár springs.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.583333, "source_longitude": 75.233333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 35'. Long. 75° 14'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Heritage Dulwich", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ees, situated in the centre of the Shahabad valley, about 5 miles north-west of Vernág; it is watered by the stream" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "y the stream which flows from the Vetaritár springs." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dam-sahib", "historical_name": "DAM SAHIB", "modern_name": "Dam Sahib", "pdf_page": 172, "pdf_viewer_page": 186, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, a few miles north-west of Bij Behára.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.816667, "source_longitude": 75.133333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 49'. Long. 75° 8'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Takht Sri Damdama Sahib", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "llage. A small village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, a few miles north-west of Bij Behára." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dana", "historical_name": "DANA", "modern_name": "Dana", "pdf_page": 172, "pdf_viewer_page": 186, "latitude": 33.4112253, "longitude": 73.9953178, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Mahala+Daddi/@33.4112253,73.9953178,16.32z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x391fd97aed0605b7:0xb6481d0ff7595625!8m2!3d33.4092409!4d73.9919191!16s%2Fg%2F11t9nr7zyx?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village on the road between Bhimber and Kotli; it lies on the left bank of the Ban stream, about 8 miles south of Kotli. Fine fish may be had from the stream; but supplies can only be procured in small quantities with great difficulty. Shade very scanty. (Allgood.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Mahala+Daddi/@33.4112253,73.9953178,16.32z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x391fd97aed0605b7:0xb6481d0ff7595625!8m2!3d33.4092409!4d73.9919191!16s%2Fg%2F11t9nr7zyx?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.433333, "source_longitude": 74.016667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 26'. Long. 74° 1'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A small village on the road between Bhimber and Kotli" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "It lies on the left bank of the Ban stream" } ], "feature_notes": "The village is described lying on the bank of a stream (river_or_lake).", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "danda", "historical_name": "DANDA", "modern_name": "Danda", "pdf_page": 172, "pdf_viewer_page": 186, "latitude": 33.1160374, "longitude": 75.5949513, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=3701104716504960502&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 2: Historical Danda lies in Badrawar/Bhaderwah near Kallain on the Bin Kad; existing Danda candidate in the same Bhaderwah-Doda corridor retained.", "blurb": "A village in Badrawár, lying a few miles south-west of Kallain, on the right bank of the Bin Kad stream, which is bridged beneath it.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=3701104716504960502&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.033333, "source_longitude": 75.666667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 2'. Long. 75° 40'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJG_a9iHGvHTkR9g3NXyH3XDM", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 92, "features": [ "village", "bridge_or_ferry", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in Badrawár, lying a few miles south-west of Kallain" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "on the right bank of the Bin Kad stream" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "which is bridged beneath it" } ], "feature_notes": "Village physically includes a bridge over the stream.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dandi", "historical_name": "DANDI", "modern_name": "Dandi", "pdf_page": 172, "pdf_viewer_page": 186, "latitude": 32.9862698, "longitude": 75.7418734, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8794359822078072173&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 2: Historical Dandi is described as a village about 2 miles north-west of Badrawar/Bhaderwah; existing Dandi candidate near Bhaderwah retained.", "blurb": "A village in the Badrawár valley, lying about 2 miles north-west of that town; it contains about 20 houses, which are for the most part inhabited by Hindú zemindars.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8794359822078072173&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 32.983333, "source_longitude": 75.733333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 59'. Long. 75° 44'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJXRSF4pOqHTkRbVXu5anXC3o", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 92, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in the Badrawár valley, lying about 2 miles north-west of that town" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "it contains about 20 houses" } ], "feature_notes": "Features classified by LLM from the gazetteer entry context.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dandi-2", "historical_name": "DANDI", "modern_name": "Dandi", "pdf_page": 172, "pdf_viewer_page": 186, "latitude": 32.9862698, "longitude": 75.7418734, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8794359822078072173&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Dandi 182222. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small village situated on the lower slopes of the mountains east of Badrawár. It is said to be inhabited exclusively by Hindús, who number 20 families.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8794359822078072173&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 32.983333, "source_longitude": 75.783333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 59'. Long. 75° 47'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJXRSF4pOqHTkRbVXu5anXC3o", "finalized": false, "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "danga", "historical_name": "DANGA", "modern_name": "Danga", "pdf_page": 172, "pdf_viewer_page": 186, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village lying about 8 miles north of Jamú, on the east side of the path towards Riassi. Between this village and Jamú the road consists of stony water-courses and great defiles. (Hervey.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.85, "source_longitude": 74.95, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 51'. Long. 74° 57'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "iles north of Jamú, on the east side of the path towards Riassi. Between this village and Jamú the road consists o" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dangerpur", "historical_name": "DANGERPUR", "modern_name": "Dangerpora", "pdf_page": 172, "pdf_viewer_page": 186, "latitude": 34.2372766, "longitude": 74.7476056, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=4947567307490396738&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-04 candidate batch: Historical Dangerpur is in Bangil pargana south-west of Patan; modern Dangerpora near Pattan preserves the name and approximate setting. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A village in the Bangil pargana, situated on a small rill about 3 miles south-west of Patan, on the road towards Khúpúr. The village lies on a high sloping bank just above the path; it contains the ziarát of Syud Mohamed Guznavi, and three houses inhabited by zemindars, a watchman, and an oil seller. There are many fruit trees in the village, and much rice cultivation about it.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=4947567307490396738&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.133333, "source_longitude": 74.55, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 8'. Long. 74° 33'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJZaASYBSd4TgRQgpNuUBKqUQ", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Khúpúr. The village lies on a high sloping bank just above the path; it contains the ziarát of Syud Mohamed Guzna" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "l about 3 miles south-west of Patan, on the road towards Khúpúr. The village lies on a high sloping bank just abov" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dangerwari", "historical_name": "DANGERWARI", "modern_name": "Dangerwari", "pdf_page": 172, "pdf_viewer_page": 186, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This stream or small river takes its rise on the slopes of the mountains at the south-west end of the Uttar pargana, and flows, in a parallel direction to the Kamil river, to the neighbourhood of Shalkráh, where it bends to the south and east, joining the Pohru river, in lat. 34° 26', long. 74° 19', near the village of Wadpúra, just to the south of the range of hills dividing the Machhipúra and Uttar parganas. During its course it receives numerous streams, the most important being the Idji Nadi and the Sarna Nala, both which join it by its right bank, the latter just above the junction of the Pohru. The Dangerwari has nowhere any great depth, and may usually be forded; it is also bridged in various places.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "illage of Wadpúra, just to the south of the range of hills dividing the Machhipúra and Uttar parganas. During its c" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "DANGERWARI. Dangerwari. Village. This stream or small river takes its rise on the slopes of the mountains at t" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "danna", "historical_name": "DANNA", "modern_name": "Danna", "pdf_page": 172, "pdf_viewer_page": 186, "latitude": 34.1473241, "longitude": 73.5476172, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Danna+Rd/@34.1473241,73.5476172,2188m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e081252da50a0f:0x7951e630c0cead70!8m2!3d34.143705!4d73.5465!16s%2Fg%2F11_rqn_9n?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 6: Historical Danna is in Chikar on the old Murree/Mari-Kashmir road; existing Danna candidate in the Chikar/Poonch-side hill corridor retained.", "blurb": "A small town in the district of Chikar, situated on the east side of the Danna Dhak ridge, on the old road from Mari towards Kashmir. It is distant about 26 miles from Mari and 81 from Baramúla. It overlooks a deep and cultivated valley, at the bottom of which flows the Agar, a considerable stream. There is a double-storied bungalow on the west side of the town for the reception of travellers. Danna also boasts of a small fort. Coolies and supplies are procurable (Altgood—Knight—Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Danna+Rd/@34.1473241,73.5476172,2188m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e081252da50a0f:0x7951e630c0cead70!8m2!3d34.143705!4d73.5465!16s%2Fg%2F11_rqn_9n?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 34.133333, "source_longitude": 73.6, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 8'. Long. 73° 36'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJu6LfxN_X4TgR41i8NMw6_EE", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 92, "features": [ "town", "fort", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "A small town in the district of Chikar" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "Danna also boasts of a small fort" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "at the bottom of which flows the Agar, a considerable stream" } ], "feature_notes": "Town with a small fort and a stream flowing in the valley below.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "danni", "historical_name": "DANNI", "modern_name": "Danni", "pdf_page": 173, "pdf_viewer_page": 187, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village containing about six houses shaded by trees; it is situated above the left bank of the Kishen Ganga river, on the path between Panechgram and Nosadda-Noseri.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.416667, "source_longitude": 78.716667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 25'. Long. 78° 43'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ded by trees; it is situated above the left bank of the Kishen Ganga river, on the path between Panechgram and Nos" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "left bank of the Kishen Ganga river, on the path between Panechgram and Nosadda-Noseri." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dans-l", "historical_name": "DANSÁL", "modern_name": "Dansal", "pdf_page": 173, "pdf_viewer_page": 187, "latitude": 32.8699561, "longitude": 74.9939327, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2679448449478924600&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual research: source places DANSAL about 16 miles north-east of Jammu on the Kashmir road; modern Dansal in Jammu district matches the name and route context.", "blurb": "A small town situated above the left bank of the Jhujjar or Chapar Kad stream, about 16 miles north-east of Jamú, on the main road towards Kashmir. The town, which contains about 200 mud-built houses, with flat roofs, is inhabited almost exclusively by Hindús, many of whom are Brahmins. It is supplied with water from wells and a tank, and also from the stream which flows about half a mile to the north-west. The inhabitants speak a patois which is common to the neighbouring districts of Riasi and Poni. A commodious spot for encamping lies to the north-west of the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2679448449478924600&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 32.866667, "source_longitude": 75.033333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 52'. Long. 75° 2'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJK4DqP-gqHDkROJkpIStQLyU", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 90, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "town", "river_or_lake", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "A small town situated above the left bank of the Jhujjar or Chapar Kad stream" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "above the left bank of the Jhujjar or Chapar Kad stream" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "It is supplied with water from wells and a tank" } ], "feature_notes": "Town with water supply from wells and tank (spring type water source).", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dansu", "historical_name": "DANSU", "modern_name": "Dansu", "pdf_page": 173, "pdf_viewer_page": 187, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a pargana included in the Patan zillah of the Kamráj division, situated to the south-west of Srinagar; its tehsil station is at Bargam.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "town" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "situated to the south-west of Srinagar; its tehsil station is at Bargam." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dar", "historical_name": "DAR", "modern_name": "Dar", "pdf_page": 173, "pdf_viewer_page": 187, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Basoli district, situated on the slopes of the mountains above the right bank of the Siowa river. The path for cattle from Basoli, leading towards the Chatardhar pass, lies through the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.733333, "source_longitude": 75.85, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 44'. Long. 75° 51'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "from Basoli, leading towards the Chatardhar pass, lies through the village." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the slopes of the mountains above the right bank of the Siowa river. The path for cattle from Basoli, leading towa" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "bove the right bank of the Siowa river. The path for cattle from Basoli, leading towards the Chatardhar pass, lies" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dara", "historical_name": "DARA", "modern_name": "Dara", "pdf_page": 173, "pdf_viewer_page": 187, "latitude": 34.179849, "longitude": 74.9084966, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=14861400391279924651&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Dara 191121. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village situated on the slopes of the hills south of Púnch, above the left bank of the Púnch Toi river. It contains about 40 houses, all the inhabitants being Mohamedans.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=14861400391279924651&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.733333, "source_longitude": 74.116667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 44'. Long. 74° 7'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJgTOfJ9GG4TgRq1UXs-pMPs4", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village situated on the slopes of the hills south of Púnch" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "above the left bank of the Púnch Toi river" } ], "feature_notes": "Village located on the bank of a river.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dardp-ra", "historical_name": "DARDPÚRA", "modern_name": "Dardpora", "pdf_page": 173, "pdf_viewer_page": 187, "latitude": 34.5090385, "longitude": 74.0843523, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13362270404521872592&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Dardpora 193222. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small village situated on the right bank of the Arpat stream, at the north-eastern extremity of Kuthár pargana. It contains three houses, two of which are inhabited by Gujárs, and the other by a family of Kashmiris. Sudramman, in the Maru Wardwan valley, can be reached from this village by a foot-path lying over the Hairbal Galli.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13362270404521872592&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.8, "source_longitude": 75.416667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 48'. Long. 75° 25'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ_X8WXXzn4DgR0Mw99iJScLk", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "llage by a foot-path lying over the Hairbal Galli." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "lage. A small village situated on the right bank of the Arpat stream, at the north-eastern extremity of Kuthár par" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "can be reached from this village by a foot-path lying over the Hairbal Galli." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dardp-ra-2", "historical_name": "DARDPÚRA", "modern_name": "Dardpora", "pdf_page": 173, "pdf_viewer_page": 187, "latitude": 34.5090385, "longitude": 74.0843523, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13362270404521872592&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-04 candidate batch: This Dardpura entry describes a village at the north-west extremity of Zainagir; modern Dardpora near Kupwara/Zainagir preserves the name and regional setting. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A village containing about eight houses, situated in a valley at the foot of the mountains at the north-west extremity of the Zainagir pargana; it lies about 4 miles east of Chogal.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13362270404521872592&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.416667, "source_longitude": 74.416667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 25'. Long. 74° 25'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJ_X8WXXzn4DgR0Mw99iJScLk", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village containing about eight houses, situated in a valley" } ], "feature_notes": "Features classified by LLM from the gazetteer entry context.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "darh", "historical_name": "DARH", "modern_name": "Darh", "pdf_page": 173, "pdf_viewer_page": 187, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village lying on the east side of the Tráí valley, towards its northern extremity, at the mouth of the Lam Nai, about half a mile north-east of Arphat. It contains a masjid, and 12 houses inhabited by zemindars, a mulla, and a carpenter.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.016667, "source_longitude": 75.116667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 1'. Long. 75° 7'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "a mile north-east of Arphat. It contains a masjid, and 12 houses inhabited by zemindars, a mulla, and a carpenter." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "village lying on the east side of the Tráí valley, towards its northern extremity, at the mouth of the Lam Nai, abo" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "darhal", "historical_name": "DARHAL", "modern_name": "Darhal", "pdf_page": 173, "pdf_viewer_page": 187, "latitude": 33.484481, "longitude": 74.4129904, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=12453899616635842590&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual research: Darhal is still a named settlement/tehsil area in Rajouri; source description near Rajauri and Darhal passes fits.", "blurb": "A large village lying in a district of the same name, at the foot of the west slope of the Darhal passes leading over the Pansál range into Kashmir; it is situated about 12 miles north-east of Rajauri, on the old Patán road to Aliabad Serai.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=12453899616635842590&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.5, "source_longitude": 74.483333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 30'. Long. 74° 29'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Serai / rest house", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJbVxPLtonHjkRHvDzvbcj1aw", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 92, "features": [ "village", "pass" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A large village lying in a district of the same name" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "at the foot of the west slope of the Darhal passes leading over the Pansál range" } ], "feature_notes": "Village lying near the foot of mountain passes.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "darp-ra", "historical_name": "DARPŪRA", "modern_name": "Darpora, Lolab", "pdf_page": 174, "pdf_viewer_page": 188, "latitude": 34.51, "longitude": 74.41, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Darpora%20Lolab%20Kupwara", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Darpūra is described adjoining Lalpur/Lalpora on the north-west in Lolab valley; modern Darpora in Lolab is the likely match.", "blurb": "A large village in the Loláb valley, shaded by fine walnut trees, and surrounded by a mass of rice cultivation; it adjoins Lalpúr on the north-west.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.516667, "source_longitude": 74.466667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 31'. Long. 74° 28'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "strong", "reviewed_at": "2026-06-04 manual disambiguation batch 10", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "olab. Village. A large village in the Loláb valley, shaded by fine walnut trees, and surrounded by a mass of rice cu" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "darral", "historical_name": "DARRAL", "modern_name": "Darral", "pdf_page": 174, "pdf_viewer_page": 188, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Lower Drawar, situated on a flat strip of land at the foot of the mountains on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river, just south of the junction of the Jagran stream, which is crossed by a bridge a little distance to the west of the village. The inhabitants number five families; of whom three are Gújars and two Syuds, descendants of Russúl Shah, whose ziarat adorns the village. A little rice is grown in the neighbourhood, and dry crops, but neither supplies or coolies are obtainable. The most shady and convenient spot for encamping is on the river bank, about half a mile south of the village. Darral lies about 9 miles south-west of Lalla, and 10 miles north of Baran. Pala, in the Mozafarabad district, may be reached by a track crossing the intervening mountain ranges, and paths to the Khágán valley lie up the course of the Jagran stream.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.55, "source_longitude": 73.883333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 33'. Long. 73° 53'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Darhal Malkan", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "wo Syuds, descendants of Russúl Shah, whose ziarat adorns the village. A little rice is grown in the neighbourhood," }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "d at the foot of the mountains on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river, just south of the junction of the Jagr" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "of the Jagran stream, which is crossed by a bridge a little distance to the west of the village. The inhabitants num" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "e Mozafarabad district, may be reached by a track crossing the intervening mountain ranges, and paths to the Khágán" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "das-t", "historical_name": "DASŪT", "modern_name": "Dasūt", "pdf_page": 174, "pdf_viewer_page": 188, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on a small stream which flows down from the hills on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river, about 5 miles south-west of Sharidi; it contains a masjid, and seven houses inhabited by zemindars. There are also three houses surrounded by some cultivation on the left bank of the river, which is crossed by a fragile zampa bridge. The lambardar of the village is said to have a wife and family on either bank. The fields of that part of the village lying on the right bank extend for a considerable distance to the south, joining those of Mundrkur.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.766667, "source_longitude": 74.183333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 46'. Long. 74° 11'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "SinthanTop Daksum Kashmir", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "miles south-west of Sharidi; it contains a masjid, and seven houses inhabited by zemindars. There are also three ho" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "sūt. Village. A village situated on a small stream which flows down from the hills on the right bank of the Kishen G" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "river, which is crossed by a fragile zampa bridge. The lambardar of the village is said to have a wife and family o" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dawaren", "historical_name": "DAWAREN", "modern_name": "Dawaren", "pdf_page": 174, "pdf_viewer_page": 188, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A place situated some miles to the west of Gingál, on the right bank of the Jhelam. Baron Hügel, who mentions it under the name of Diánun, says that the ruins of a once important town and temple are visible for some distance along the bank of the river; but at present it cannot boast of so much as one solitary inhabitant. Opposite to Diánun is a Buddhist temple, still in good repair, and built in the same style as those of Kashmir. Its situation is its best defence; its name is Brangutri. (Hügel.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.116667, "source_longitude": 74.116667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 7'. Long. 74° 7'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "town", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "that the ruins of a once important town and temple are visible for some distance along the bank of the river; but at" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "e miles to the west of Gingál, on the right bank of the Jhelam. Baron Hügel, who mentions it under the name of Diá" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "it under the name of Diánun, says that the ruins of a once important town and temple are visible for some distance" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "deloga", "historical_name": "DELOGA", "modern_name": "Deloga", "pdf_page": 174, "pdf_viewer_page": 188, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Basaoli district, situated on the side of the mountain on the right bank of the Siowa, high above the bed of the river to the west of Bani.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.7, "source_longitude": 75.833333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 42'. Long. 75° 50'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ed on the side of the mountain on the right bank of the Siowa, high above the bed of the river to the west of Bani" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "deogol", "historical_name": "DEOGOL", "modern_name": "Deogol", "pdf_page": 174, "pdf_viewer_page": 188, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Banihál valley, situated on the left bank of the stream. A path from this village lies over the Danikmarg range to the village of Mohu, to the south of the Mowa pass.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.45, "source_longitude": 75.25, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 27'. Long. 75° 15'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "GowKadal", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "h from this village lies over the Danikmarg range to the village of Mohu, to the south of the Mowa pass." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": ". Deogol. Village. A village in the Banihál valley, situated on the left bank of the stream. A path from this villag" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "situated on the left bank of the stream. A path from this village lies over the Danikmarg range to the village of" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "deoru", "historical_name": "DEORU", "modern_name": "Deoru", "pdf_page": 174, "pdf_viewer_page": 188, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village lying at the foot of a wudar to the north of the road from Srinagar to Patan. It is divided into three mahallas or districts—Dewrapúra, Lahorepúr, and Yekompúr—and contains altogether 15 houses inhabited by zemindars, 10 shál-báfs, a watchman, and a blacksmith; the inhabitants all belong to the Shíah sect of Mohamedans. The village contains the ziarat of Shonshi Baba, and there are said to be the ruins of a Hindú temple on the table-land above it.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.15, "source_longitude": 74.683333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 9'. Long. 74° 41'. Elev. 5,370 feet.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "road_or_route", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "ect of Mohamedans. The village contains the ziarat of Shonshi Baba, and there are said to be the ruins of a Hindú te" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "at the foot of a wudar to the north of the road from Srinagar to Patan. It is divided into three mahallas or dist" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "Shonshi Baba, and there are said to be the ruins of a Hindú temple on the table-land above it." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "desai", "historical_name": "DESAI", "modern_name": "Deosai Plains", "pdf_page": 174, "pdf_viewer_page": 188, "latitude": 35.018, "longitude": 75.419, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deosai_National_Park", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Deosai%20Plains", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The Deosai or Devil's Plains are situated on the north-east boundary of Kashmír; they consist of about 580 square miles of gently undulating ground, averaging at least 14,000 feet above the sea level, and surrounded on all sides by rugged mountains, running up to from 16,000 to 17,000 feet. The drainage, escaping through a not easily distinguished gorge near the Katásiri survey station, falls into the Drás river above Kirkitchú. The formation is usually of granite gneiss, of which lofty barren hills and peaks are seen rising in different parts of the plains. Amidst the general destitution of verdure, there is still a great deal of morass on the banks of the streams, which take their rise on these plains. In his enumeration of the difficulties successfully surmounted by the survey party under his superintendence, Major Montgomerie, R. E., states, that on these plains there are no habitations for the distance of 7 or 8 marches, and no village of any size for 11 or 12 marches; the only firewood to be had is got by digging up the juniper roots and from very thin stunted willows, while on the mountains above there was absolutely no fuel to be had of any kind.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "strong", "geocode_source": "manual web review", "review_note": "Source explicitly glosses Desai as the Deosai or Devil's Plains; pinned to the central Deosai plateau/National Park area.", "reviewed_at": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 9", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "atásiri survey station, falls into the Drás river above Kirkitchú. The formation is usually of granite gneiss, of w" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "deosar", "historical_name": "DEOSAR", "modern_name": "Devsar", "pdf_page": 175, "pdf_viewer_page": 189, "latitude": 33.6338851, "longitude": 75.0800957, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devsar,_Jammu_and_Kashmir", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=18008956146112711919&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 manual candidate batch: Historical Deosar corresponds to modern Devsar/Qasba Devsar in Kulgam district; the old-to-modern vowel shift is minor and the location remains a recognized town/tehsil. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A small lake situated at the foot of the hills at the south-eastern end of the Uttar pargana. It lies by the direct path from the village of Nattanas to Chogal.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=18008956146112711919&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.433333, "source_longitude": 74.35, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 26'. Long. 74° 21'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJ-4cR9dsG4jgR78yiCDOq7Pk", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "wikipedia_title": "Devsar, Jammu and Kashmir", "wikipedia_match_score": 125, "wikipedia_match_distance_km": 1.0296889923914598, "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "A small lake situated at the foot of the hills" } ], "feature_notes": "The entry is a lake itself, no village mentioned.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "derpet", "historical_name": "DERPET", "modern_name": "Derpet", "pdf_page": 175, "pdf_viewer_page": 189, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the stream, about 4 miles east of Mogul maidán. From Mogul maidán to Derpet the road is unfit for riding. After crossing a stream close to the village, a long and very steep acclivity leads to the top of a hill nearly 9,000 feet above Mogul maidán. A corresponding descent of a couple of miles follows, and Derpet is reached. This can scarcely be called a village, as there is but one family living here. It is nearly half a mile out of the way of the path leading towards Kishtwár and on the opposite side of the river Korai. This torrent is broad, deep, and rapid, and is crossed by a frail sanga or wooden bridge. The path to Derpet is up a steep ascent after crossing the river. (Hervev.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.4, "source_longitude": 75.733333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 24'. Long. 75° 44'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "et. Village. A village situated on the left bank of the stream, about 4 miles east of Mogul maidán. From Mogul mai" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": ", and is crossed by a frail sanga or wooden bridge. The path to Derpet is up a steep ascent after crossing the river" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "gul maidán. From Mogul maidán to Derpet the road is unfit for riding. After crossing a stream close to the village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dewa", "historical_name": "DEWA", "modern_name": "Dewa near Tral", "pdf_page": 175, "pdf_viewer_page": 189, "latitude": 33.944, "longitude": 75.11, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Dewa%20Tral%20Jammu%20and%20Kashmir", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Willar pargana, situated about a mile north of Trál, on the path towards Arphal; it is divided into two parts by the Mundúr stream, which flows from Nágpal. At the south end of the village, a spring rises in a basin which is filled with fish; there is another smaller spring close to it. The village contains 16 families of Mahomedan zemindars, 3 Sikh zemindars, 5 pandits, 3 bunnias, a watchman, a cow-keeper, and a fakir; there are also two masjids, and the zíarats of Syud Kurrumúdin and Khajah Latíf, which are shaded by fine trees. Both rice and dry crops are produced.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.95, "source_longitude": 75.166667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 57'. Long. 75° 10'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "strong", "geocode_source": "manual web review", "review_note": "Source places Dewa about a mile north of Tral on the path toward Arphal; modern Dewa/Dewah near Tral appears to preserve the name. Pin is a close modern locality candidate.", "reviewed_at": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 9", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "spring", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "it is divided into two parts by the Mundúr stream, which flows from Nágpal. At the south end of the village, a spri" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "Nágpal. At the south end of the village, a spring rises in a basin which is filled with fish; there is another smal" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "situated about a mile north of Trál, on the path towards Arphal; it is divided into two parts by the Mundúr stream" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dewar", "historical_name": "DEWAR", "modern_name": "Dewar", "pdf_page": 175, "pdf_viewer_page": 189, "latitude": 33.9463033, "longitude": 75.1122124, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2147415090407513817&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 3: Historical Dewar lies south of Lalpur on the eastern side of the Lolab valley; existing Dewar candidate in the Kashmir/Lolab-side cluster retained.", "blurb": "A large village lying to the south of Lalpúr, on the eastern side of the Loláb valley. It contains about 60 houses, including a bunnia's shop and a blacksmith. The village is surrounded with rice cultivation, it is well shaded by trees, and is supplied with water by a stream from the hills. Supplies procurable.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2147415090407513817&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.466667, "source_longitude": 74.5, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 28'. Long. 74° 30'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJma5RCH4Y4jgR2Z4NsaUmzR0", "finalized": false, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 93, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "of Lalpúr, on the eastern side of the Loláb valley. It contains about 60 houses, including a bunnia's shop and a bla" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dewasp-ra", "historical_name": "DEWASPŪRA", "modern_name": "Dewaspūra", "pdf_page": 176, "pdf_viewer_page": 190, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated about a mile south-east of Maghām, just south of the road from Sopūr towards Shalārah; it contains six houses inhabited by zemīndars, four by Pirzadas, a mūlla, and a watchman, and is surrounded by rice cultivation.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.45, "source_longitude": 74.283333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 27'. Long. 74° 17'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ile south-east of Maghām, just south of the road from Sopūr towards Shalārah; it contains six houses inhabited by" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dhanni", "historical_name": "DHANNI", "modern_name": "Dhani", "pdf_page": 176, "pdf_viewer_page": 190, "latitude": 34.4326082, "longitude": 73.6900414, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1763783607600578286&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Dhani. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A scattered hamlet containing about 10 houses, situated on the flat top of a spur some hundred feet above the left bank of the Kishen Gangra river; it lies about 3 miles north-east of Mozafarabad, on the path towards Titwāl. At the east end of the village, the Bodi Nar, a small rill dashes down from the mountain side, and irrigates the fields, which produce rice and also some dry crops. To the north of the village the path becomes very bad.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1763783607600578286&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.4, "source_longitude": 73.516667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 24'. Long. 73° 31'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJGbmlr7CX4DgR7n6wn9g3ehg", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "of a spur some hundred feet above the left bank of the Kishen Gangra river; it lies about 3 miles north-east of M" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "t 3 miles north-east of Mozafarabad, on the path towards Titwāl. At the east end of the village, the Bodi Nar, a s" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dharms-l", "historical_name": "DHARMSĀL", "modern_name": "Dharmsal", "pdf_page": 176, "pdf_viewer_page": 190, "latitude": 33.1388093, "longitude": 74.4071271, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=10506510055417774425&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Dharmsal 185201. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village in Naoshera, situated on the road between Poni and Rajaori; it is distant about 22 miles west of Poni, and the same distance south-east of Rajaori. Supplies are procurable. (Hügel—Vigne.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=10506510055417774425&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.133333, "source_longitude": 74.45, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 8'. Long. 74° 27'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJF8GlyN9HHjkRWQE_wjqfzpE", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "age. A village in Naoshera, situated on the road between Poni and Rajaori; it is distant about 22 miles west of Po" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dharms-l-2", "historical_name": "DHARMSĀL", "modern_name": "Dharmsal", "pdf_page": 176, "pdf_viewer_page": 190, "latitude": 33.3333276, "longitude": 73.9605887, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Dharmsal/@33.3333276,73.9605887,1579m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x391fdba378a8fb97:0x2349354e59e91c65!8m2!3d33.3331425!4d73.9655433!16s%2Fg%2F11b6_cvnq5?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Dharmsal 185201. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village in Pūnch, situated on the left bank of the Tat stream, close to its junction with the Pūnch Toi, about 3 miles west of Pūnch. It contains 30 houses, about a third of the inhabitants being Hindūs.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Dharmsal/@33.3333276,73.9605887,1579m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x391fdba378a8fb97:0x2349354e59e91c65!8m2!3d33.3331425!4d73.9655433!16s%2Fg%2F11b6_cvnq5?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.766667, "source_longitude": 74.083333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 46'. Long. 74° 5'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJF8GlyN9HHjkRWQE_wjqfzpE", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in Pūnch" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "situated on the left bank of the Tat stream" } ], "feature_notes": "Features classified by LLM from the gazetteer entry context.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dharms-la", "historical_name": "DHARMSĀLA", "modern_name": "Dharamshala", "pdf_page": 176, "pdf_viewer_page": 190, "latitude": 33.3333276, "longitude": 73.9605887, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Dharmsal/@33.3333276,73.9605887,1579m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x391fdba378a8fb97:0x2349354e59e91c65!8m2!3d33.3331425!4d73.9655433!16s%2Fg%2F11b6_cvnq5?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh, India. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small village situated on the northern slope of a sandstone ridge on the road between Bhimber and Kotli. The dharmsāla is a building 45 feet long by 15 broad, with a room at each end measuring 15 feet by 9; the intermediate space is supported by pillars. Moderate supplies may be procured, but are precarious. Dharmsāla lies about 12 koss north-west of Samani Serai. (Vigne—Allgood.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Dharmsal/@33.3333276,73.9605887,1579m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x391fdba378a8fb97:0x2349354e59e91c65!8m2!3d33.3331425!4d73.9655433!16s%2Fg%2F11b6_cvnq5?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.233333, "source_longitude": 74.583333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 14'. Long. 74° 35'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Serai / rest house", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJEXO9Zd9QGzkRENzGALG9CD4", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "serai" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A small village situated on the northern slope of a sandstone ridge" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "The dharmsāla is a building 45 feet long by 15 broad, with a room at each end..." } ], "feature_notes": "Village includes a dharmsala building functioning as a serai (rest house).", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dharot", "historical_name": "DHAROT", "modern_name": "Dharot", "pdf_page": 176, "pdf_viewer_page": 190, "latitude": 33.1516781, "longitude": 74.8916458, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=5044799103204593069&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 5: Historical Dharot stands by the Lider Khol close to its Chenab/Chandra Bhaga confluence in the Reasi-Arnas hill tract; existing Dharot candidate in that corridor retained.", "blurb": "A village standing on the spur above the right bank of the Lider Khol stream, close to its confluence with the Chandra Bhāga; it contains about 10 houses.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=5044799103204593069&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.15, "source_longitude": 75.516667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 9'. Long. 75° 31'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJgXAE7hN0HjkRrQ24TQ66AkY", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 92, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village standing on the spur above the right bank of the Lider Khol stream" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "spur above the right bank of the Lider Khol stream" } ], "feature_notes": "Village located near a stream.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dialagam-pet-or-upper-dialagam", "historical_name": "DIALAGAM (PET or Upper DIALAGAM,)", "modern_name": "Dialgam", "pdf_page": 176, "pdf_viewer_page": 190, "latitude": 33.6804529, "longitude": 75.1648698, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bon_Dialgam", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=15426244172802978691&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-04 candidate batch: Upper/Pet Dialagam is paired with lower Bun/Bon Dialgam near Islamabad/Anantnag on the Vernag road; modern Dialgam/Bon Dialgam is the candidate, but upper/lower distinction needs review.", "blurb": "A village lying about a mile north-west of Briūt, by the road between Islamabad and Vernāg. A rivulet flows through the village, which is surrounded by rice fields; it contains 15 families of zemindars, a mūlla, a watchman, a cow-keeper, and a Pandit, who keeps a bunnia’s shop.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=15426244172802978691&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.683333, "source_longitude": 75.216667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 41'. Long. 75° 13'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJT78QqrsI4jgRg3Nc6lcHFdY", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "wikipedia_title": "Bon Dialgam", "wikipedia_match_score": 117, "wikipedia_match_distance_km": 2.153313752330773, "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ng about a mile north-west of Briūt, by the road between Islamabad and Vernāg. A rivulet flows through the village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dialagam-bun-or-lower-dialagam", "historical_name": "DIALAGAM (BUN or Lower DIALAGAM)", "modern_name": "Dialgam", "pdf_page": 176, "pdf_viewer_page": 190, "latitude": 33.6804529, "longitude": 75.1648698, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bon_Dialgam", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=15426244172802978691&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-04 candidate batch: Lower/Bun Dialagam corresponds to the modern Bon Dialgam/Dialgam locality south of Anantnag on the Vernag road; candidate needs review for the upper/lower split.", "blurb": "This village lies about 3 miles south of Islamabad, on the road towards Vernāg, and about 1½ miles north of Pet Dialagam. It contains a masjid, a mūlla, and 10 houses inhabited by zemindars; there is also a government silk factory in the village approaching completion. South-west of the village three mounds rise out of the plain; on the top of the largest of these hills there is a solitary tree, near which a fakir lives.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=15426244172802978691&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.7, "source_longitude": 75.2, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 42'. Long. 75° 12'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJT78QqrsI4jgRg3Nc6lcHFdY", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "wikipedia_title": "Bon Dialgam", "wikipedia_match_score": 117, "wikipedia_match_distance_km": 2.153313752330773, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "miles north of Pet Dialagam. It contains a masjid, a mūlla, and 10 houses inhabited by zemindars; there is also a g" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "es about 3 miles south of Islamabad, on the road towards Vernāg, and about 1½ miles north of Pet Dialagam. It cont" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "diduf-nag", "historical_name": "DIDUF NAG", "modern_name": "Diduf Nag", "pdf_page": 176, "pdf_viewer_page": 190, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This lake lies on the east side of the chain of mountains between the Khourāpara pargana and the Marū Wardwan valley; it lies south-west of Basman, from which place it is said to be distant 7 koss, on the path leading over the mountains to Kashmīr.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.866667, "source_longitude": 75.466667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 52'. Long. 75° 28'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Lake / spring / water site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "spring", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: Lake / spring / water site" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "DIDUF NAG. Diduf Nag. Lake / spring / water site. This lake lies on the eas" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ace it is said to be distant 7 koss, on the path leading over the mountains to Kashmīr." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "digdhol", "historical_name": "DIGDHOL", "modern_name": "Digdol", "pdf_page": 177, "pdf_viewer_page": 191, "latitude": 33.3008542, "longitude": 75.1793444, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digdole", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=11657325324380475815&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Digdol 182145. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village situated on the slopes of the mountains above the left bank of the Bichlāri river, about 7 miles north-west of Rāmband. The road leading towards the Banihāl pass lies below the village, and crosses the river by a bridge about a mile to the north of it. Nearly opposite the village, on the right bank of the stream, there is a waterfall.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=11657325324380475815&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.3, "source_longitude": 75.216667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 18'. Long. 75° 13'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJSYiCq1_oHTkRpxHdjp4jx6E", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "wikipedia_title": "Digdole", "wikipedia_match_score": 127, "wikipedia_match_distance_km": 0.17717012848323319, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "mband. The road leading towards the Banihāl pass lies below the village, and crosses the river by a bridge about a" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the slopes of the mountains above the left bank of the Bichlāri river, about 7 miles north-west of Rāmband. The r" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "low the village, and crosses the river by a bridge about a mile to the north of it. Nearly opposite the village, on" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "r, about 7 miles north-west of Rāmband. The road leading towards the Banihāl pass lies below the village, and cros" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dildar", "historical_name": "DILDAR", "modern_name": "Dildar", "pdf_page": 177, "pdf_viewer_page": 191, "latitude": 34.3863809, "longitude": 73.8242621, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=17485044765403552891&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual research: DILDAR matches modern Dildar village in Karnah/Tangdar, Kupwara; source Karnah valley context fits. No Wikipedia article found.", "blurb": "A village lying on the north side of the Karnas valley, about 3 miles west of the fort, on the road from Titwal towards Shālūra. Some chunar, walnut, and other trees shade the village, which produces rice and also dry crops. It contains a masjid and the ziarat of Baba Abdūla, and 18 houses, which are inhabited by a mixed population of Kashmīris and Pahāris, including two mūllās. There are also six houses lying at the foot of the hill to the north-east; this hamlet is called Bāgh, and may be considered to form part of Dildar.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=17485044765403552891&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.383333, "source_longitude": 78.866667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 23'. Long. 78° 52'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJ5Uns-F6T4DgRe5yuC5Nbp_I", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 88, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "forest", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village lying on the north side of the Karnas valley" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "It contains a masjid and the ziarat of Baba Abdūla" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "Some chunar, walnut, and other trees shade the village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "produces rice and also dry crops" } ], "feature_notes": "Village includes religious sites (masjid, ziarat), shaded by trees (forest).", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dillon-ka-ghat", "historical_name": "DILLON KA GHAT", "modern_name": "Dillon Ka Ghat", "pdf_page": 177, "pdf_viewer_page": 191, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A cluster of houses situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, between Sopūr and Baramūla. The banks of the river are low, and the channel unusually broad at this point.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.25, "source_longitude": 74.45, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 15'. Long. 74° 27'. Elev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Dal Lake, Ghat Number 1", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "village", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "Ka Ghat. River / watercourse. A cluster of houses situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, between Sopūr and Baramū" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "DILLON KA GHAT. Dillon Ka Ghat. River / watercourse. A cluster of houses situate" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dengla", "historical_name": "DENGLA", "modern_name": "Dengla", "pdf_page": 177, "pdf_viewer_page": 191, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village towards the eastern end of the Pūnch valley, about 3 miles east of that town, on the path to Mandi. It is surrounded with rice fields and contains 16 houses, 12 being inhabited by Mohammedans and four by Hindūs.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.75, "source_longitude": 74.2, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 45'. Long. 74° 12'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "town", "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "DENGLA. Dengla. Town. A village towards the eastern end of the Pūnch valley, about 3 miles east o" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "illage towards the eastern end of the Pūnch valley, about 3 miles east of that town, on the path to Mandi. It is sur" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ey, about 3 miles east of that town, on the path to Mandi. It is surrounded with rice fields and contains 16 house" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dinyer", "historical_name": "DINYER", "modern_name": "Dinyer", "pdf_page": 177, "pdf_viewer_page": 191, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Lower Drawar, situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river, about 5 miles north of Lalla. It lies on the right bank of a stream which flows into the river below the village. The inhabitants are zemindars, and number five families; there is a mill in the village, which is turned by the stream.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.633333, "source_longitude": 73.966667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 38'. Long. 73° 58'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "lage in Lower Drawar, situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river, about 5 miles north of Lalla. It lies" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "diosur", "historical_name": "DIOSUR", "modern_name": "Devsar area / Kulgam", "pdf_page": 177, "pdf_viewer_page": 191, "latitude": 33.634184, "longitude": 75.081929, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devsar,_Jammu_and_Kashmir", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Devsar%2C%20Kulgam", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A pargana included in the Anatnág zillah of the Mirāz division; it comprises the district lying on the right bank of the Veshau river, at the south-west end of the valley of Kashmir. The tehsil station is at Kulgam. Vigne remarks that this pargana, one of the largest in Kashmir, produced 100,000 kharwārs (equal to 14,400,000 lbs.) of rice, annually, in the time of Ranjit Ram, the best of the Sikh governors, but that when he visited it, the revenue had fallen to 25,000 kharwārs.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "strong", "geocode_source": "manual web review", "review_note": "Diosur is a pargana with its tehsil station at Kulgam; the name survives most clearly in modern Devsar/Qasba Bona Devsar, so the pin uses that modern administrative anchor.", "reviewed_at": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 9", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "town" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "outh-west end of the valley of Kashmir. The tehsil station is at Kulgam. Vigne remarks that this pargana, one of the largest" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dobwan", "historical_name": "DOBWAN", "modern_name": "Dobwan", "pdf_page": 177, "pdf_viewer_page": 191, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A spring and three houses shaded by a clump of trees, situated in a hollow, about 2 miles north of Trāl, on the west side of the path leading towards Arbpal.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.95, "source_longitude": 75.15, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 57'. Long. 75° 9'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Lake / spring / water site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "village", "spring", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: Lake / spring / water site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "e / spring / water site. A spring and three houses shaded by a clump of trees, situated in a hollow, about 2 miles n" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "DOBWAN. Dobwan. Lake / spring / water site. A spring and three houses shaded by a clump of tree" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "iles north of Trāl, on the west side of the path leading towards Arbpal." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "doda", "historical_name": "DODA", "modern_name": "Doda", "pdf_page": 177, "pdf_viewer_page": 191, "latitude": 33.13, "longitude": 75.57, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doda,_Jammu_and_Kashmir", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1566480223586293092&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Doda. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A town in the province of Kishtwār, situated on a small plain above the right bank of the Chandra Bhāga river; it lies at the foot, and partly on the slope, of a grass-covered hill, bare of trees. The town itself is surrounded by trees; a few willows and poplars, mingled among hundreds of fruit-trees, give it shade and beauty. Doda is distant 21 miles north-west of Badrāwār, and 46 miles south-east of Vernāg by the Brari Bal pass. About half a mile below the south end of the town, the Chenab roars along in a swollen and turbulent flood. The sides of the river are very rocky, and for some feet perpendicular; that on the right bank is the most precipitous, there being only room for a hut and two stunted trees on the bare ledge of rock above the bridge; on the left bank the ground shelves, and there are a few huts and a baoli shaded by trees. The suspension-bridge, which is of the chika description, swings at a high elevation above the torrent, here about 50 yards wide; the transit of passengers and baggage is a tedious, though not really a dangerous, operation. There is a regular establishment maintained to work the bridge, and a small toll is levied on each passenger and package passed across. During the months of June, July, and August, consequent on the melting of the snows, the river rises considerably; the bridge has then to be moved to a higher position.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1566480223586293092", "source_latitude": 33.15, "source_longitude": 75.6, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 9'. Long. 75° 36'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJK1zb3D6lHTkRZBWJunZBvRU", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "town", "forest", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "A town in the province of Kishtwār" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "The town itself is surrounded by trees; a few willows and poplars, mingled among hundreds of fruit-trees, give it shade and beauty." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Half a mile below the south end of the town, the Chenab roars along in a swollen and turbulent flood." }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "The suspension-bridge, which is of the chika description, swings at a high elevation above the torrent" } ], "feature_notes": "Town with surrounding trees counted as forest; on Chenab river with a suspension bridge.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dodla", "historical_name": "DODLA", "modern_name": "Dodla", "pdf_page": 179, "pdf_viewer_page": 193, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Basoli district, lying to the east of the direct path leading towards Púd. Cattle are obliged to make a detour through this village between the Chil stream and Jinrali.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.916667, "source_longitude": 75.983333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 55'. Long. 75° 59'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Dodla Dairy Ltd_Corporate Office", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "etour through this village between the Chil stream and Jinrali." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "i district, lying to the east of the direct path leading towards Púd. Cattle are obliged to make a detour through" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dodwagan", "historical_name": "DODWAGAN", "modern_name": "Dodwagan", "pdf_page": 179, "pdf_viewer_page": 193, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village containing five houses inhabited by zemindars, situated on the right bank of the Sándran river, on the north side of the Shahabad valley. The Bringh pargana may be reached from this village by a path over the mountains.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.5, "source_longitude": 75.366667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 30'. Long. 75° 22'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Dessa Valley", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "habited by zemindars, situated on the right bank of the Sándran river, on the north side of the Shahabad valley. T" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "rgana may be reached from this village by a path over the mountains." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dogiru", "historical_name": "DOGIRU", "modern_name": "Dogiru", "pdf_page": 179, "pdf_viewer_page": 193, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, a few miles north-west of the confluence of the Veshau and Rembiára rivers.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.85, "source_longitude": 75.083333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 51'. Long. 75° 5'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Dogra Art Museum", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ru. Village. A village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, a few miles north-west of the confluence of the Ve" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dopatta", "historical_name": "DOPATTA", "modern_name": "Hattian Dupatta", "pdf_page": 179, "pdf_viewer_page": 193, "latitude": 34.2256, "longitude": 73.6154, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garhi_Dupatta", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Hattian%20Dupatta%20Town&query_place_id=ChIJRY_18amF4DgRgoJVUXhpwnM", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 candidate: Hattian Dupatta is an exact modern locality match near the gazetteer description of Dopatta/Dupatta on the Jhelam near Hattian and Muzaffarabad.", "blurb": "A village and fort lying in a district of the same name, situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, about 2 miles south-east of Hattian and 18 miles from Mozafarabad. The raj-ship of Dopatta, which, together with Kathai, formed the district of Dowarbid, was let by Eanetullah Khan to his eldest son Futteh Khan, whose grandson Ahmad Khan held the raj at the time of the Sikh invasion and fled at their approach; after living for nearly 17 years in voluntary exile, he returned to his raj accompanied by a strong party of followers, and took possession of the fort which Dewan Kirpa Ram had constructed, and distributing the government stores of ammunition and grain which it contained among his people, again decamped. The Sikh ruler gave the raj to his brother Nasur Ali Khan, who was succeeded by a son, Atta Mohamed. It is said that Ahmad Khan eventually made his peace with the Maharajah Gulab Singh, to whom he paid a 'nuzzeranah' of Rs. 7,000, reserving Rs. 2,000 for his own use. The district extended for about 25 miles in length from the Kathai frontier on the east, to the spur which divided it from Mozafarabad on the west. Its extreme breadth from the summit of the range of hills borderng on the left bank of the Jhelam to the confines of the Karnao Rajah's dominions on the north, was about 18 koss. It comprised all the rich culturable land on both banks of the river, besides which the Rajah exacted a feudal tribute from the Koth Ilaka, in the Kukha country. (Lumsden—Allgood.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Hattian%20Dupatta%20Town&query_place_id=ChIJRY_18amF4DgRgoJVUXhpwnM", "source_latitude": 34.216667, "source_longitude": 73.683333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 13'. Long. 73° 41'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "no_match_candidate": "Garhi Dupatta", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "fort", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village and fort lying in a district of the same name" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "and took possession of the fort which Dewan Kirpa Ram had constructed" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "situated on the right bank of the Jhelam" } ], "feature_notes": "The entry is primarily the fort with a village also present.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" }, "google_place_id": "ChIJRY_18amF4DgRgoJVUXhpwnM" }, { "id": "dowai", "historical_name": "DOWAI", "modern_name": "Dowai", "pdf_page": 180, "pdf_viewer_page": 194, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village containing 16 houses, situated in a district of the same name, lying to the south of the Golabgarh, or Kuri pass, on the path between Riassi and Shupian.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.416667, "source_longitude": 74.933333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 25'.\tLong. 74° 56'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ying to the south of the Golabgarh, or Kuri pass, on the path between Riassi and Shupian." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "outh of the Golabgarh, or Kuri pass, on the path between Riassi and Shupian." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "drabble", "historical_name": "DRABBLE", "modern_name": "Drabble", "pdf_page": 180, "pdf_viewer_page": 194, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Basooli district, situated on the left bank of the Siowa, just above the junction of the Bairo stream, about 4 miles north of Bani, on the path towards Badrawar. The village consists of a few scattered houses surrounded by cultivation.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.75, "source_longitude": 75.85, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 45'.\tLong. 75° 51'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the Basooli district, situated on the left bank of the Siowa, just above the junction of the Bairo stream, about" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "stream, about 4 miles north of Bani, on the path towards Badrawar. The village consists of a few scattered houses" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "drabgama", "historical_name": "DRABGAMA", "modern_name": "Drabgam", "pdf_page": 180, "pdf_viewer_page": 194, "latitude": 33.8286955, "longitude": 74.8494118, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drabgam", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Drabgam+193306/@33.8286955,74.8494118,36789m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e1f185dfe37c13:0xe4d6d39c28a8ac34!8m2!3d33.8202096!4d74.8158352!16s%2Fg%2F11_qr7fkx?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-04 candidate batch: Historical Drabgama, the old Shukru pargana capital, matches modern Drabgam/Drabgama in Pulwama by name and Kashmir-valley location. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A once populous village, and the capital of the pargana of Shukrû; it now contains little more than one large house, built by some rich man in more prosperous days; on account of its size, and elevated situation on the right bank of the Ramchû stream, it is visible from a great distance. Close to it is a place where two or three large stones, a few feet high, are standing, like those of Stonehenge. Drabgama is about 9 miles north of Shupian, on the west of the road to Srinagar. (Vigne.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Drabgam+193306/@33.8286955,74.8494118,36789m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e1f185dfe37c13:0xe4d6d39c28a8ac34!8m2!3d33.8202096!4d74.8158352!16s%2Fg%2F11_qr7fkx?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.833333, "source_longitude": 74.85, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 50'.\tLong. 74° 51'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJE3zj34Xx4TgRNKyoKJzT1uQ", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 72, "match_distance_km": null, "wikipedia_title": "Drabgam", "wikipedia_match_score": 100, "features": [ "village", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A once populous village, and the capital of the pargana of Shukrû" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "Close to it is a place where two or three large stones, a few feet high, are standing, like those of Stonehenge." } ], "feature_notes": "Village with standing stones near it, interpreted as archaeological remains.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "drang", "historical_name": "DRANG", "modern_name": "Drung", "pdf_page": 180, "pdf_viewer_page": 194, "latitude": 34.063, "longitude": 74.41, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Drung%20Tangmarg%20Jammu%20Kashmir", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 8: Historical Drang is in Birwa/Bangil pargana where the Tosha Maidan route debouches near Tangmarg/Gulmarg; modern Drung/Drang near Tangmarg matches the route geography.", "blurb": "A village in the Birwa pargana, situated on the edge of the forest at the foot of the mountains to the east of the Tosha maidan; the path lying over that pass debouches into the valley of Kashmir at this village, which lies about 21 miles south-west of Srinagar by way of Makahama. Drang contains a masjid, and 10 houses inhabited by zemindars, a famila, and a weaver; there is also a small custom-house, to which a Münshi and a Pandit are attached. There are many walnut trees in the village, which is watered by a stream flowing from the hills. Both rice and dry crops are produced.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Drung%20Tangmarg%20Jammu%20Kashmir", "source_latitude": 33.95, "source_longitude": 74.583333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 57'.\tLong. 74° 35'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_status": "strong", "match_score": 93, "google_place_id": "ChIJ4Q6zhVOl4TgR2yLy95W9RtA", "features": [ "village", "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in the Birwa pargana" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "Drang contains a masjid" } ], "feature_notes": "Village with a mosque (masjid) inside, qualifying as religious_site.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dranga", "historical_name": "DRANGA", "modern_name": "Dranga", "pdf_page": 180, "pdf_viewer_page": 194, "latitude": 33.0816524, "longitude": 75.603454, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Dranga+182221/@33.0816524,75.603454,3167m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x391daecd9dd51a63:0xe91e747217a8acd6!8m2!3d33.0816533!4d75.6137537!16s%2Fg%2F12hkfh4yj?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 2: Historical Dranga is on/near the Neru river north-west of Badrawar/Bhaderwah; existing Google candidate in the same local cluster retained.", "blurb": "A village lying a little above the path and the left bank of the Nerú river, about 5 miles north-west of Badrawár. It contains about 30 houses, all the inhabitants being Hindús, with the exception of one family of Mohamedans. A very small stream, which flows down through the village, turns some water-mills, which are situated by some fine shady trees on the bank of the river. The Nerú, which is here about 2 feet deep, with a moderate current, is crossed by a substantial kadal bridge, about 70 feet in span and 4 broad. By the side of the road there is a dharmsala for travellers.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Dranga+182221/@33.0816524,75.603454,3167m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x391daecd9dd51a63:0xe91e747217a8acd6!8m2!3d33.0816533!4d75.6137537!16s%2Fg%2F12hkfh4yj?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.016667, "source_longitude": 75.7, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 1'.\tLong. 75° 42'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJYxrVnc2uHTkR1qyoF3J0Huk", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 92, "features": [ "village", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village lying a little above the path and the left bank of the Nerú river" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "The Nerú... is crossed by a substantial kadal bridge, about 70 feet in span and 4 broad." } ], "feature_notes": "Village with a substantial bridge crossing the river adjacent to it.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "drangiari", "historical_name": "DRANGIARI", "modern_name": "Drangyari", "pdf_page": 180, "pdf_viewer_page": 194, "latitude": 34.4407932, "longitude": 73.9890634, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=5444085112700103423&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 manual candidate batch: Historical Drangiari is a close spelling match to modern Drangyari in the Kupwara/Karnah side; existing candidate coordinates preserve the named locality. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A Gujjar settlement, which is usually occupied during the summer months; it lies in the forest near the right bank of the Bangas stream, one of the head waters of the Kamil river, and is situated at the foot of the eastern slope of the Nattishanner Galli, about 10 miles south-west of Shaldúrah, on the path leading into the Karnao valley. Supplies are not procurable, but wood and water are to be had in abundance.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=5444085112700103423&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.433333, "source_longitude": 74.033333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 26'.\tLong. 74° 2'. Elev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJawL_UuHo4DgR_2p75ZBGjUs", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "forest", "river_or_lake", "mountain" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A Gujjar settlement" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "it lies in the forest near the right bank of the Bangas stream" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "near the right bank of the Bangas stream" }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "situated at the foot of the eastern slope of the Nattishanner Galli" } ], "feature_notes": "Settlement in forest near stream and mountain slope.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "drar", "historical_name": "DRAR", "modern_name": "Drar", "pdf_page": 180, "pdf_viewer_page": 194, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This village, which lies about 12 miles north-east of Mozafarabad, on the north side of the Kishen Ganga river, is situated on the right bank of the Pakote stream vis-à-vis with the village of Mandal, whence it is frequently called Mandal-Drar. There is a bridge across the stream below the village. In the village are a few trees and four houses inhabited by zemindars of the Kulgan caste, an oil-seller, and a blacksmith; also five houses occupied by the servants of Rajah Mohamed Zaman Khán, who lives in a house built of undressed stones, which lies just above the path. The rajah is related to the titular Nawabs of Kúri and to the ex-rajah of Karnao. There are extensive rice fields above the village, which are irrigated by a channel from the Pakote stream; some dry crops are also grown.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.483333, "source_longitude": 75.6, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 29'.\tLong. 75° 36'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "Paragraph breaks off mid-sentence, continues onto the next page.", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "st of Mozafarabad, on the north side of the Kishen Ganga river, is situated on the right bank of the Pakote stream vis-à-v" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "s frequently called Mandal-Drar. There is a bridge across the stream below the village. In the village are a few tre" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "undressed stones, which lies just above the path. The rajah is related to the titular Nawabs of Kúri and to the ex" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "drawar", "historical_name": "DRAWAR", "modern_name": "Drawar", "pdf_page": 181, "pdf_viewer_page": 195, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The district of Drawar, or Drao, comprises that part of the valley of the Kishen Ganga river lying between Titwal and Sharidi. The village of Karen divides it into Pet or Upper Drawar, and Bun or Lower Drawar. Here and there a few Kashmiris are met with, but the bulk of the inhabitants differ entirely from the natives of that valley, resembling in appearance and dress the inhabitants of Hazára, from which district they would seem to have originally migrated. Some few of the inhabitants of Upper Drawar are conversant with the Dard dialect, but the Kashmiri and Pahári languages are those usually spoken throughout the district. The population appears to be as great as the country is capable of supporting, as every available spot of ground is brought into cultivation, which is noticeably not the case in Tilail and Gurais, where, however, the area of arable lands is more extensive. In Upper Drawar, where there is only one harvest annually, makai (Indian corn) grows most luxuriantly, and may be said to be the only crop raised, except on the occasion of an unusually rainy season, when a little tromba and pigna is sown. Peas are not cultivated, as the sandy soil which suits the makai so admirably does not favour them. In Lower Drawar rice is extensively cultivated, but it does not extend in a northerly direction beyond the village of Kasur, opposite Karen. The harvest is gathered towards the end of September, the Indian corn and rice ripening at the same time. The alternation of crops is not practised in Drawar, but the value of manure is appreciated, the cattle being herded on the fields directly the harvest is completed, and all the manure collected during the winter is carefully utilised. The inhabitants are accustomed to reserve the rice for the evening meal; eating corn-cakes during the day, they prefer rice, but consider that the variation is conducive to health. Most rain falls in this district during the months of July and August, from which period until the end of September fevers are said to be very prevalent in the lower part of the valley. During the heats of summer the inhabitants are accustomed to retire, with their flocks, to the mountain pastures, returning to their villages for the harvest; during this season travellers often experience great difficulty in getting coolies, as only one or two men are left in each village for its protection. In Upper Drawar the villages are nothing but scattered hamlets, in which the flat-roofed huts are often built at a great distance from each other, each family living on its own land for the convenience of tillage. Here and there the lambardar, or some individual possessing both means and taste, has indulged in a timber-house with pent-roof; but with these few exceptions all the houses in Drawar are merely log-huts, with flat mud roofs, such as the Gújars inhabit.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.416667, "source_longitude": 73.833333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 25'—34° 45'. Long. 73° 50'—74° 20'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "serai", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "illages for the harvest; during this season travellers often experience great difficulty in getting coolies, as only one" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Drawar, or Drao, comprises that part of the valley of the Kishen Ganga river lying between Titwal and Sharidi. The v" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "illages for the harvest; during this season travellers often experience great difficulty in getting coolies, as only one" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "drawey", "historical_name": "DRAWEY", "modern_name": "Drawey", "pdf_page": 182, "pdf_viewer_page": 196, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village at the mouth of a valley, which opens into the Nowbug Nai at its south-west end; it is situated some little distance from the right bank of the river, about a mile west of the village of Larán. It contains a masjid, and 9 houses inhabited by zemindars and a mochi.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.616667, "source_longitude": 75.4, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 37'. Long. 75° 24'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "west of the village of Larán. It contains a masjid, and 9 houses inhabited by zemindars and a mochi." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "rawey. Village. A village at the mouth of a valley, which opens into the Nowbug Nai at its south-west end; it is sit" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "drayna", "historical_name": "DRAYNA", "modern_name": "Drayna", "pdf_page": 182, "pdf_viewer_page": 196, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in Badrawár, situated on the slopes of the mountain above the right bank of the Nerú river, almost opposite to Kullain. It contains eight houses, of which six are inhabited by Mohamedans and two by Hindús.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.066667, "source_longitude": 75.7, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 4'. Long. 75° 42'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the slopes of the mountain above the right bank of the Nerú river, almost opposite to Kullain. It contains eight" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dredja", "historical_name": "DREDJA", "modern_name": "Dredja", "pdf_page": 182, "pdf_viewer_page": 196, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village, containing 5 houses, situated on the right bank of the Nerú, almost opposite Badrawár.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.983333, "source_longitude": 75.75, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 59'. Long. 75° 45'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Jammu & Kashmir", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "containing 5 houses, situated on the right bank of the Nerú, almost opposite Badrawár." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "drig-m", "historical_name": "DRIGÁM", "modern_name": "Drigám", "pdf_page": 183, "pdf_viewer_page": 197, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village containing about 50 houses, situated on the left bank of the Yechára stream, which is crossed by a bridge, or it may be forded. There are some splendid chunar trees and green turf by the path on the west side of the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.95, "source_longitude": 74.766667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 57'. Long. 74° 46'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ining about 50 houses, situated on the left bank of the Yechára stream, which is crossed by a bridge, or it may be" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "f the Yechára stream, which is crossed by a bridge, or it may be forded. There are some splendid chunar trees and gr" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "splendid chunar trees and green turf by the path on the west side of the village." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dringla", "historical_name": "DRINGLA", "modern_name": "Dringla", "pdf_page": 183, "pdf_viewer_page": 197, "latitude": 34.3846588, "longitude": 73.7816154, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9258602895706815569&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 5: Historical Dringla is in Karnao/Karnah about a mile east of Titwal on the Kazi Nag stream; existing Dringla candidate east of Titwal retained.", "blurb": "A village in Karnao, lying on the left bank of the Kazi Nág stream, about a mile east of Titwal; it is shaded by numerous walnut trees, and produces much rice and some little corn. The inhabitants, who are all zemindars, number nine families, five being Gújars, three dhobies, and one Syud. Druggur, a village lying on the opposite bank of the stream, contains seven houses inhabited by Gújars, who are also zemindars.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9258602895706815569&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.033333, "source_longitude": 73.833333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 2'. Long. 73° 50'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ_-hgLYiT4DgRUfwBi0cqfYA", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 93, "features": [ "village", "forest" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in Karnao, lying on the left bank of the Kazi Nág stream" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "It is shaded by numerous walnut trees" } ], "feature_notes": "Village shaded by numerous trees, counted as forest.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "drinja", "historical_name": "DRINJA", "modern_name": "Drinja", "pdf_page": 183, "pdf_viewer_page": 197, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Basoli district, consisting of a few houses situated on the side of the hill, above the right bank of the Siowa river, north-west of Bani.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.716667, "source_longitude": 75.85, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 43'. Long. 75° 51'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ed on the side of the hill, above the right bank of the Siowa river, north-west of Bani." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "drobmarg", "historical_name": "DROBMARG", "modern_name": "Drobmarg", "pdf_page": 183, "pdf_viewer_page": 197, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the Brinwar stream; it lies on the path from Nowgám-to the Maru Wardwan valley by the Holar pass.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.616667, "source_longitude": 75.483333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 37'. Long. 75° 29'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Sonamarg", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "gám-to the Maru Wardwan valley by the Holar pass." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "rg. Village. A village situated on the left bank of the Brinwar stream; it lies on the path from Nowgám-to the Mar" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "bank of the Brinwar stream; it lies on the path from Nowgám-to the Maru Wardwan valley by the Holar pass." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "drogjun", "historical_name": "DROGJUN", "modern_name": "Drogjan / Buchwara, Srinagar", "pdf_page": 183, "pdf_viewer_page": 197, "latitude": 34.080357, "longitude": 74.8173446, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Durgjan,+Srinagar+190001/@34.080357,74.8173446,3130m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m9!1m2!2m1!1sDrogjan+Buchwara+Srinagar!3m5!1s0x38e18f7bbabd69d1:0x85d206ef2225fa93!8m2!3d34.0781797!4d74.837554!16s%2Fg%2F1wj_4drk?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 8: Historical Drogjun is at the south-western extremity of Dal Lake, continuing toward Buchwor/Buchwara and Gagribal near the Tsont-i-kol canal; pinned to the modern Drogjan/Buchwara/Dalgate area of Srinagar.", "blurb": "A village situated at the south-western extremity of the Dal lake; it forms one of the zillahs of the city of Srinagar, and contains 23 mahallas or districts. The continuation of the village in the direction of Gagribal is called Buchwor; a large number of the inhabitants of this locality are potters. The bridge over the water-gate, at the head of the Tsont-i-kol canal, on the west side of the village, is called the Githa Kadal.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Durgjan,+Srinagar+190001/@34.080357,74.8173446,3130m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m9!1m2!2m1!1sDrogjan+Buchwara+Srinagar!3m5!1s0x38e18f7bbabd69d1:0x85d206ef2225fa93!8m2!3d34.0781797!4d74.837554!16s%2Fg%2F1wj_4drk?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 34.083333, "source_longitude": 74.866667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 5'. Long. 74° 52'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_status": "strong", "match_score": 91, "features": [ "village", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village situated at the south-western extremity of the Dal lake" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "The bridge over the water-gate, at the head of the Tsont-i-kol canal... is called the Githa Kadal." } ], "feature_notes": "Village with a named bridge over a canal at the village.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "drogmai", "historical_name": "DROGMAI", "modern_name": "Drogmai", "pdf_page": 183, "pdf_viewer_page": 197, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village lying towards the south-east end of the Uttar pargana. The houses, which are much scattered, are built of dove-tailed timbers, and have thatched roofs. There is plenty of grass about the place, and many shady trees.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.483333, "source_longitude": 74.333333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 29'. Long. 74° 20'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "drudu", "historical_name": "DRUDU", "modern_name": "Drudu", "pdf_page": 183, "pdf_viewer_page": 197, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village, containing five houses inhabited by Hindú zemindars; it lies on the left bank of the Nerú river, about 6 miles north-west of Badrawár, on the road towards Doda.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.016667, "source_longitude": 75.7, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 1'. Long. 75° 42'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Dudwar", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ted by Hindú zemindars; it lies on the left bank of the Nerú river, about 6 miles north-west of Badrawár, on the r" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "bout 6 miles north-west of Badrawár, on the road towards Doda." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "drungil", "historical_name": "DRU'NGIL", "modern_name": "Drungil", "pdf_page": 183, "pdf_viewer_page": 197, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a stream which flows into the Súran river by its right bank, in lat. 33° 46', long. 74° 10', near the village of Kankot, about 3 miles east of Púnch. It is fordable where it is crossed by the path from Púnch to Mandi.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Drung Waterfall", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "DRU'NGIL. Drungil. Village. The name of a stream which flows into the Súran river by its right bank, in lat. 33° 4" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "Kankot, about 3 miles east of Púnch. It is fordable where it is crossed by the path from Púnch to Mandi." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": ". It is fordable where it is crossed by the path from Púnch to Mandi." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dubgao", "historical_name": "DUBGAO", "modern_name": "Dubgao", "pdf_page": 183, "pdf_viewer_page": 197, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village lying on the right bank of the Jhelam, about 4 miles south-west of Sopur. It contains a large timber depôt, from whence most of the wood used in boat-building throughout Kashmír is supplied; it is the property of the government, and there are three or four bungalows in the fine grove of chunars near the village, which are occupied by the agents attached to the depôt.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.266667, "source_longitude": 74.466667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 16'. Long. 74° 28'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Village. A small village lying on the right bank of the Jhelam, about 4 miles south-west of Sopur. It contains a l" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "d-bji", "historical_name": "DŪBJI", "modern_name": "Dūbji", "pdf_page": 184, "pdf_viewer_page": 198, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "An encamping ground on the Pir Punjál route, between Alliabād Serai and Hirpúr; it lies on the left bank of the Rembīra, about 3 miles west of Hirpúr. There is no village or any shelter near it, and neither coolies nor supplies are procurable. (Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.683333, "source_longitude": 74.7, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 41'. Long. 74° 42'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Serai / rest house", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Doodhpathri Budgam", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "serai", "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "serai", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "serai", "quote": "admin_status: Serai / rest house" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": ", about 3 miles west of Hirpúr. There is no village or any shelter near it, and neither coolies nor supplies are proc" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "ai / rest house. An encamping ground on the Pir Punjál route, between Alliabād Serai and Hirpúr; it lies on the l" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "iabād Serai and Hirpúr; it lies on the left bank of the Rembīra, about 3 miles west of Hirpúr. There is no village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ouse. An encamping ground on the Pir Punjál route, between Alliabād Serai and Hirpúr; it lies on the left bank of t" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "d-dar-kad", "historical_name": "DŪDAR KAD", "modern_name": "Dūdar Kad", "pdf_page": 184, "pdf_viewer_page": 198, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A stream in the province of Jamú, which flows into the Tawi, in lat. 32° 49', long. 75° 12', a few miles south of Udimpúr. It crosses the road from Jamú towards Kashmír, about 5 miles north-east of Dansál; during the rainy season the ford is about 70 yards broad and waist deep.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "east of Dansál; during the rainy season the ford is about 70 yards broad and waist deep." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "few miles south of Udimpúr. It crosses the road from Jamú towards Kashmír, about 5 miles north-east of Dansál; du" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "d-dgay", "historical_name": "DŪ’DGAY", "modern_name": "Dūdgay", "pdf_page": 184, "pdf_viewer_page": 198, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the right bank of the Búrzil stream, towards the north-east end of the Gúráis valley; it is said to contain only two houses. The Niat bridge, so called from a neighbouring stream, crosses the Búrzil about half a mile below the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.683333, "source_longitude": 74.95, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 41'. Long. 74° 57'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Yousmarg", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "y. Village. A village situated on the right bank of the Búrzil stream, towards the north-east end of the Gúráis va" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "s said to contain only two houses. The Niat bridge, so called from a neighbouring stream, crosses the Búrzil about h" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "d-dh-ganga", "historical_name": "DŪDH GANGA", "modern_name": "Doodh Ganga River", "pdf_page": 184, "pdf_viewer_page": 198, "latitude": 34.0324388, "longitude": 74.8030972, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=4383606583793544341&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 candidate batch: Historical Dudh Ganga describes the river rising on the Pansal range and flowing toward the Kashmir plain; modern Doodh Ganga/Doodhganga is the same river system. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "This river, which takes its rise on the eastern slopes of the Pansál range, near the Othi Gali pass, is known at the commencement of its course as the Sangoofed stream, and flows down in a north-easterly direction, debouching on to the plain a few miles north of Chrá; it shortly afterwards turns due north, and passing through the suburbs of Batmalú and Chatsabal, empties itself into the Jhelam at the west end of Srinagar, just below the Suffah Kadal, the last of the seven bridges. During the latter part of its course, the high road from Shupian lies along its right bank. In its passage through the suburb of Batmalú it is crossed by two kadal bridges, and by a third, the Chatsa Kadal, about 50 yards above its junction with the Jhelam; it is also bridged between the villages of Boru and Kralwari north of Chrá, and probably in other places. It has usually but little depth, and may, it is believed generally, be forded without difficulty throughout its course; the banks, however, are frequently very steep. Dr. Elmslie calls this river the Chatsakal, or “the white stream,” and states that it gets its name from the circumstance that it takes its rise near a white stone called Chata Kanyi.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=4383606583793544341&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJB4q41tqP4TgRlewTbvay1Tw", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "takes its rise on the eastern slopes of the Pansál range, near the Othi Gali pass, is known at the commencement of i" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "DŪDH GANGA. Doodh Ganga River. Village. This river, which takes its rise on the eastern slopes" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "west end of Srinagar, just below the Suffah Kadal, the last of the seven bridges. During the latter part of its cou" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": ". During the latter part of its course, the high road from Shupian lies along its right bank. In its passage through th" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "d-dnial", "historical_name": "DŪDNIAL", "modern_name": "Dūdnial", "pdf_page": 184, "pdf_viewer_page": 198, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A hamlet in Upper Drawar, situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river; it is distant about 12 miles south-west of Sharidi, by the main path lying along the right bank of the river; there is also a pathway along the left bank, but it is described as being very rough and difficult. The Kishen Ganga is crossed by a zampa suspension-bridge to the south-east of the village, and a path, by which the valley of Kashmir may be reached, lies up the bed of the stream, which is called the Kashmir-ka-Katta. The village contains a masjid, and five houses inhabited by zemindars; there is also a masáfr-khāna for the accommodation of native travellers; the houses are much scattered, and surrounded by extensive patches of cultivation; some fields lie also on the left bank of the river. A little grain may be obtained in this village, and some coolies collected if due notice is given. Space for encamping is very confined; water may be brought from the river below, or from a stream which flows across the path at some little distance to the west of the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.716667, "source_longitude": 74.133333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 43'. Long. 74° 8'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Doodhpathri Budgam", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "serai", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "asáfr-khāna for the accommodation of native travellers; the houses are much scattered, and surrounded by extensive patch" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "he Kashmir-ka-Katta. The village contains a masjid, and five houses inhabited by zemindars; there is also a masáfr-k" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "mlet in Upper Drawar, situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river; it is distant about 12 miles south-wes" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "shen Ganga is crossed by a zampa suspension-bridge to the south-east of the village, and a path, by which the valley" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "12 miles south-west of Sharidi, by the main path lying along the right bank of the river; there is also a pathway" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dudschur-nag", "historical_name": "DUDSCHUR NAG", "modern_name": "Dudschur Nag", "pdf_page": 185, "pdf_viewer_page": 199, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name given to two tarns lying on the lofty chain of mountains which divides the Dachinpára pargana from the Maru Wardwan valley. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.933333, "source_longitude": 75.433333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 56'. Long. 75° 26'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Lake / spring / water site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Drung Waterfall", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: Lake / spring / water site" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "DUDSCHUR NAG. Dudschur Nag. Lake / spring / water site. The name given to two" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dugra", "historical_name": "DUGRA", "modern_name": "Dugra", "pdf_page": 185, "pdf_viewer_page": 199, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village of flat-roofed cottages, prettily situated on the right bank of the Chitta pani, between Baramgalla and Poshiana, on the Pir Panjál route into Kashmir.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.633333, "source_longitude": 74.483333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 38'. Long. 74° 29'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Dogra Art Museum", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "ni, between Baramgalla and Poshiana, on the Pir Panjál route into Kashmir." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ed cottages, prettily situated on the right bank of the Chitta pani, between Baramgalla and Poshiana, on the Pir P" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "Baramgalla and Poshiana, on the Pir Panjál route into Kashmir." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dulipura", "historical_name": "DULIPURA", "modern_name": "Dulipura", "pdf_page": 185, "pdf_viewer_page": 199, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village lying at the edge of the forest about 2 miles south-east of Shaldra, on the road towards Sopúr; it is the southernmost village in the Uttar pargana, and is situated on the left bank of the Dangerwari stream, which flows in a deep channel, but is shallow, and may be forded without difficulty. The village contains a masjid and 12 houses, inhabited by zemindars, a mulla, and a watchman. Rice cultivation abounds in the vicinity.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.466667, "source_longitude": 74.183333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 28'. Long. 74° 11'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Dulhepura", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "without difficulty. The village contains a masjid and 12 houses, inhabited by zemindars, a mulla, and a watchman. R" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Uttar pargana, and is situated on the left bank of the Dangerwari stream, which flows in a deep channel, but is s" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "about 2 miles south-east of Shaldra, on the road towards Sopúr; it is the southernmost village in the Uttar pargan" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dumai", "historical_name": "DUMAL", "modern_name": "Domal", "pdf_page": 185, "pdf_viewer_page": 199, "latitude": 33.2269133, "longitude": 73.7794912, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Domal+Village/@33.2269133,73.7794912,790m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x391fe8ee3deb02df:0x77a2fd184db80344!8m2!3d33.2269274!4d73.7816154!16s%2Fg%2F1tj6s6ml?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Heading corrected from LLM OCR DUMAI to DUMAL; modern equivalent likely Domal. Modern coordinate match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Naoshera, lying a little distance north of Mirpúr, on the road towards Chaomuk. There is a well in this village by the side of the path. The inhabitants are zemindars, and number about 30 families.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Domal+Village/@33.2269133,73.7794912,790m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x391fe8ee3deb02df:0x77a2fd184db80344!8m2!3d33.2269274!4d73.7816154!16s%2Fg%2F1tj6s6ml?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.216667, "source_longitude": 73.816667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 13'. Long. 73° 49'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in Naoshera" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "There is a well in this village by the side of the path." } ], "feature_notes": "Well counted as a spring (water source) within the village.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dumba", "historical_name": "DUMBA", "modern_name": "Dumba", "pdf_page": 185, "pdf_viewer_page": 199, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated towards the eastern extremity of the Karnao valley; it lies on the left bank of the Shambashari stream, by which it is divided from the village of Haji Nar on the opposite bank. The stream can be forded. The village is shaded by a clump of trees, and contains four houses inhabited by Kashmiri zemindars; there are a few rice fields about the place, and much cultivation of dry crops.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.4, "source_longitude": 73.933333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 24'. Long. 73° 56'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "towards the eastern extremity of the Karnao valley; it lies on the left bank of the Shambashari stream, by which it" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dungthul", "historical_name": "DUNGTHUL", "modern_name": "Dungthul", "pdf_page": 185, "pdf_viewer_page": 199, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Titail, situated on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, at a bend of the river looking up the valley; it lies towards the western extremity of the valley, almost opposite to Purana Titail, and contains four houses and a masjid.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.6, "source_longitude": 75.016667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 36'. Long. 75° 1'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "rana Titail, and contains four houses and a masjid." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": ". A village in Titail, situated on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, at a bend of the river looking up the valley" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dur", "historical_name": "DUR", "modern_name": "Dur", "pdf_page": 185, "pdf_viewer_page": 199, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village situated in the valley a few miles north-west of Chrar, on the path towards Kag.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.933333, "source_longitude": 74.716667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 56'. Long. 74° 43'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "r. Village. A small village situated in the valley a few miles north-west of Chrar, on the path towards Kag." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ley a few miles north-west of Chrar, on the path towards Kag." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "duru-or-dur", "historical_name": "DURU or DUR", "modern_name": "Dooru Shahabad", "pdf_page": 185, "pdf_viewer_page": 199, "latitude": 33.9297, "longitude": 75.1511, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dooru_Shahabad", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Dooru%20Shahabad%20Anantnag", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 8: Historical Duru/Dur is explicitly the tehsil station and chief place of Shahabad pargana; modern Dooru Shahabad is the direct present-day equivalent. Wikipedia link added.", "blurb": "The tehsil station and chief place in the Shahabad pargana, sometimes called Shahabad. (See Shahabad.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dooru_Shahabad", "source_latitude": 33.566667, "source_longitude": 75.266667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 34'. Long. 75° 16'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_status": "strong", "match_score": 98, "features": [ "town" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "r DUR. Dooru Shahabad. Gazetteer entry. The tehsil station and chief place in the Shahabad pargana, sometimes called Shahaba" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dus", "historical_name": "DUS", "modern_name": "Dus", "pdf_page": 185, "pdf_viewer_page": 199, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village lying in a ravine of the Sonakrund wudar, about 4 miles south-east of Pampúr, just to the south of the path towards Ladd; the ziárat of Syud Jáír, surrounded by a belt of trees, enclosed by a mud wall, lies by the side of the road. The village contains a masjid, and 12 houses inhabited by zemindars, a mulla, a watchman, and a cow-keeper; it is shaded by trees, and produces only dry crops, being dependent on wells for its water-supply.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34°. Long. 75°. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "to the south of the path towards Ladd; the ziárat of Syud Jáír, surrounded by a belt of trees, enclosed by a mud wa" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "th-east of Pampúr, just to the south of the path towards Ladd; the ziárat of Syud Jáír, surrounded by a belt of tr" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dusu", "historical_name": "DUSU", "modern_name": "Dussu", "pdf_page": 185, "pdf_viewer_page": 199, "latitude": 33.9984538, "longitude": 74.966906, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=12928911394346255403&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Dussu 192121. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village situated on the right bank of the Brinwár stream, at the foot of the western slope of the Chingam pass, between 3 and 4 miles southsouth-east of Nowbug. It is a small village, lying at the foot of the higher range, and encompassed by other hills, so that not a glimpse of the valley can be obtained. There is plenty of wood in the neighbourhood, and the hills are covered with dense forests. A good deal of cultivation surrounds the village, and the country between these hills, and the next and lower ridge is quite a valley. Mrs. Hervey, who gives this description of the place, calls it Deosir.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=12928911394346255403&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.616667, "source_longitude": 75.466667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 37'. Long. 75° 28'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJH0dnrgqK4TgRK0SCsGm4bLM", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "he foot of the western slope of the Chingam pass, between 3 and 4 miles southsouth-east of Nowbug. It is a small v" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "u. Village. A village situated on the right bank of the Brinwár stream, at the foot of the western slope of the Ch" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dworian", "historical_name": "DWORIAN", "modern_name": "Dworian", "pdf_page": 186, "pdf_viewer_page": 200, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Upper Drawar, situated on the bank of the Kishen Ganga, between Talli Lohat and Dudnai; it stretches for a considerable distance along the bank of the river, the south-west end being divided from the eastern portion by a grassy spur; the Kanderan stream flows down through the east end of the village, and may be crossed by the trunk of a tree; a more considerable stream, which is not usually fordable, flows through the west end, and is crossed by a good kadal bridge. A zampa bridge spans the Kishen Ganga just to the east of the village, and communicates with some fields lying on the left bank. There is also a patch of cultivation on the mountain side at some little distance to the north-east, called Akori, but there are no habitations there. Burrawai, in Khagan, may be reached from this village by a path lying up the bed of the stream to the north; the journey is divided into three stages. Dworian contains a masafír-khána for the accommodation of travellers, a masjid, and 16 houses inhabited by zemindars, a carpenter, and a blacksmith. Cedars and holly grow in the vicinity of this village, and are here first met with in descending the valley of the Kishen Ganga.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.733333, "source_longitude": 74.05, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 44'. Long. 74° 3'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Dowarian", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "serai", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "ns a masafír-khána for the accommodation of travellers, a masjid, and 16 houses inhabited by zemindars, a carpenter, and" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "hána for the accommodation of travellers, a masjid, and 16 houses inhabited by zemindars, a carpenter, and a blacksm" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "A village in Upper Drawar, situated on the bank of the Kishen Ganga, between Talli Lohat and Dudnai; it stretches" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "e considerable stream, which is not usually fordable, flows through the west end, and is crossed by a good kadal bridg" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "agan, may be reached from this village by a path lying up the bed of the stream to the north; the journey is divid" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dworian-2", "historical_name": "DWORIAN", "modern_name": "Dworian", "pdf_page": 186, "pdf_viewer_page": 200, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A pass over the water-shed between the valley of the Kishen Ganga and Khagan; it lies to the north of a village of that same name.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.866667, "source_longitude": 74.05, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 52'. Long. 74° 3'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Dowarian", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "DWORIAN. Dworian. Village. A pass over the water-shed between the valley of the Kishen Ganga and Kh" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "age. A pass over the water-shed between the valley of the Kishen Ganga and Khagan; it lies to the north of a village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "eishmakan", "historical_name": "EISHMAKAN", "modern_name": "Aishmuqam", "pdf_page": 186, "pdf_viewer_page": 200, "latitude": 33.8654406, "longitude": 75.2767753, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aishmuqam", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Aishmuqam+192129/@33.8654406,75.2767753,1569m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e21397a6428e5f:0x76b430aedd9d14f3!8m2!3d33.8633711!4d75.2814465!16s%2Fg%2F11h7cvtl7p?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 8: Historical Eishmakan is the Lidder valley village with the Zain-ud-din shrine about 12 miles north-east of Islamabad/Anantnag; modern Aishmuqam is the same place. Wikipedia link added.", "blurb": "A considerable village in the Lidar valley, prettily situated on the sloping side of the range of mountains some little distance above the left bank of the river, about 12 miles north-east of Islamabad. The Shakul canal, which traverses the upper portion of the Khourpara pargana, flows beneath the village. Above it and visible from a distance of some miles is the ziarat of Zyn-u-Din, one of the four principal disciples of Shah Nur-u-Din; for about 12 years before his death he lived in a cave at a village near Litur, in Dachinpara. He then, in imitation of the prophet Ali, told his disciples not to follow him, said that his end was approaching, and enjoined them to place a tomb to his memory where his staff should be found. It was discovered in a low and narrow cave at Eishmakan, and the tomb lies in a nook at the extremity, distant only a few paces from the mouth. His body, they would have the world believe, was never found at all. This shrine is the object of deep veneration by the Mahomedans, who visit it in great numbers from all parts of the valley.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Aishmuqam+192129/@33.8654406,75.2767753,1569m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e21397a6428e5f:0x76b430aedd9d14f3!8m2!3d33.8633711!4d75.2814465!16s%2Fg%2F11h7cvtl7p?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.866667, "source_longitude": 75.333333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 52'. Long. 75° 20'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_status": "strong", "match_score": 97, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A considerable village in the Lidar valley" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "flows beneath the village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "the ziarat of Zyn-u-Din... This shrine is the object of deep veneration by the Mahomedans" } ], "feature_notes": "Village includes a religious shrine (ziarat) nearby.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "erin", "historical_name": "ERIN", "modern_name": "Erin", "pdf_page": 187, "pdf_viewer_page": 201, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A stream which rises on the western slopes of the Haramuk mountain, and flows through the end of the Khuháma pargana, emptying itself into Wular lake at its north-east end, near the village of Lankaguúd. (Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Roots of Kashmir", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ERIN. Erin. Village. A stream which rises on the western slopes of the Haramuk mountain, and fl" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "farriab-di", "historical_name": "FARRIABÁDI", "modern_name": "Farriabádi", "pdf_page": 187, "pdf_viewer_page": 201, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A stream which is fed by the glaciers on the southern slopes of the Kún Nún or Ser and Mer mountains, on the confines of Súrú; it flows in a south-westerly direction, and empties itself into the Maru Wardwan river, just below Petgám, in lat. 33° 40', long. 75° 46'. A path leading towards Súrú and Zanskar by the Chilúng pass, follows the course of this stream.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "pass", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ing towards Súrú and Zanskar by the Chilúng pass, follows the course of this stream." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "w Petgám, in lat. 33° 40', long. 75° 46'. A path leading towards Súrú and Zanskar by the Chilúng pass, follows the" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "fattehpur", "historical_name": "FATTEHPUR", "modern_name": "Fatehpur", "pdf_page": 187, "pdf_viewer_page": 201, "latitude": 33.723246, "longitude": 74.2443436, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2200300232082945708&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Fatehpur 185102. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village in Naoshera, lying about 2 miles north of Mirpúr, to the west of the road towards Chaomuk. There is a well in the village, and about 16 houses inhabited by Mahomedan zemindars.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2200300232082945708&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.166667, "source_longitude": 73.783333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 10'. Long. 73° 47'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJY_O_7OnM4TgRrHaDRGcJiR4", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "2 miles north of Mirpúr, to the west of the road towards Chaomuk. There is a well in the village, and about 16 hou" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "fatt-pur", "historical_name": "FATTÚPUR", "modern_name": "Fatehpur, Rajouri", "pdf_page": 187, "pdf_viewer_page": 201, "latitude": 33.395, "longitude": 74.322, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Fatehpur%2C%20Rajouri%2C%20Jammu%20and%20Kashmir", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Naoshera, containing an old Serai; it is situated on the right bank of the Tawi, about 2 miles north of Rajauri. (Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.416667, "source_longitude": 74.35, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 25'. Long. 74° 21'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Serai / rest house", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "strong", "geocode_source": "manual web review", "review_note": "Fattúpur is described about 2 miles north of Rajauri on the Tawi with an old serai; modern Fatehpur/Fateh Pur north of Rajouri is the likely match.", "reviewed_at": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 9", "features": [ "serai", "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "serai", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "serai", "quote": "admin_status: Serai / rest house" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "R. Fatehpur, Rajouri. Serai / rest house. A village in Naoshera, containing an old Serai; it is situated on the right" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "g an old Serai; it is situated on the right bank of the Tawi, about 2 miles north of Rajauri. (Ince.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "firozpur", "historical_name": "FIROZPUR", "modern_name": "Ferozpur Pass", "pdf_page": 187, "pdf_viewer_page": 201, "latitude": 33.972, "longitude": 74.325, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Ferozpur%20Pass%20Kashmir%20Poonch", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 8: Historical Firozpur is the pass over the Panjal range between Poonch and Kashmir, named for the Firozpur/Ferozpora village on the Kashmir side. Pinned to the Ferozpur pass route west-southwest of Gulmarg pending map review.", "blurb": "A pass over the Pansál range, between Púnch and Kashmir; it is situated at the northern extremity of the Mandi valley, and derives its name from the village which lies at its foot on the Kashmir side. Though not adapted for cattle, this is a very direct and much frequented route; laden coolies accomplish the journey between Srinagar and Púnch in six days. During the winter months, from December until April, this pass is closed.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Ferozpur%20Pass%20Kashmir%20Poonch", "source_latitude": 33.95, "source_longitude": 74.383333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 57'. Long. 74° 23'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_status": "strong", "match_score": 92, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "FIROZPUR. Ferozpur Pass. Village. A pass over the Pansál range, between Púnch and Kashmir" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ated at the northern extremity of the Mandi valley, and derives its name from the village which lies at its foot on" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": ", this is a very direct and much frequented route; laden coolies accomplish the journey between Srinagar and Púnch" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "firozp-r", "historical_name": "FIROZPÚR", "modern_name": "Ferozpora", "pdf_page": 187, "pdf_viewer_page": 201, "latitude": 34.0584166, "longitude": 74.4236505, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Ferozpora+193402/@34.0584166,74.4236505,3131m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e1a53ef2ed71ef:0x9994926e66897770!8m2!3d34.056557!4d74.4335105!16s%2Fm%2F0h3qcq9?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 8: Historical Firozpur village lies east of Gulmarg at the foot of the Firozpur/Ferozpora pass route toward Poonch; modern Ferozpora near Tangmarg/Gulmarg preserves the name and setting.", "blurb": "A village in the Bangil pargana, lying at the foot of the mountains to the east of the Gulmarg; it is situated on the left bank of a shallow stream which flows through a wide and stony bed. This village is well shaded by trees, and contains about 20 houses inhabited by zemindars, including a watchman and two weavers; there is a small customs establishment presided over by a Pandit, and a few sepoys are likewise located in the village to prevent unauthorised emigration. Firozpúr is distant about 20 miles west of Srinagar; and the remainder of the journey to Púnch, by the foot-path lying over the pass to the south-west of the village, is divided into four stages.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Ferozpora+193402/@34.0584166,74.4236505,3131m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e1a53ef2ed71ef:0x9994926e66897770!8m2!3d34.056557!4d74.4335105!16s%2Fm%2F0h3qcq9?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 34.05, "source_longitude": 74.483333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 3'. Long. 74° 29'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_status": "strong", "match_score": 95, "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in the Bangil pargana" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "The remainder of the journey to Púnch, by the foot-path lying over the pass to the south-west of the village" } ], "feature_notes": "Village with a foot-path/route lying over a pass to the southwest, described in direct relation to the village.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "fishailtang", "historical_name": "FISHAILTANG", "modern_name": "Fishailtang", "pdf_page": 187, "pdf_viewer_page": 201, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A mountain in the range forming the water-shed between the north end of Kashmir and the valley of the Kishen Ganga. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.6, "source_longitude": 74.2, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 36'. Long. 74° 12'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ailtang. Gazetteer entry. A mountain in the range forming the water-shed between the north end of Kashmir and the v" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ed between the north end of Kashmir and the valley of the Kishen Ganga. (Montgomerie.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gabra", "historical_name": "GABRA", "modern_name": "Gabra", "pdf_page": 188, "pdf_viewer_page": 202, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Karnao valley, the ancient residence of the Rajahs of that district. It is said now to contain about 30 houses, and to be distant 2 koss above Kanpara by a good path.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.366667, "source_longitude": 73.866667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 22'. Long. 73° 52'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "GHULAM MUSTAFA MAGRAY SARPANCH GABRA A", "no_match_score": 18, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "RA. Gabra. Village. A village in the Karnao valley, the ancient residence of the Rajahs of that district. It is said" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "o be distant 2 koss above Kanpara by a good path." }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "illage. A village in the Karnao valley, the ancient residence of the Rajahs of that district. It is said now to conta" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gadenwar", "historical_name": "GADENWAR", "modern_name": "Gadenwar", "pdf_page": 188, "pdf_viewer_page": 202, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A pass over the range of mountains forming the water-shed between the north-west extremity of the valley of Kashmir and Lower Drawar. From the pass there is a road along the ridge to Drawitch 3 koss, and from there a path to Khágán in summer. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.45, "source_longitude": 73.95, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 27'. Long. 73° 57'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Pass / route", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Guldanda Bhaderwah", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "admin_status: Pass / route" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "hed between the north-west extremity of the valley of Kashmir and Lower Drawar. From the pass there is a road along" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "GADENWAR. Gadenwar. Pass / route. A pass over the range of mountains forming the water-shed betwee" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gaditar", "historical_name": "GADITAR", "modern_name": "Gaditar", "pdf_page": 188, "pdf_viewer_page": 202, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A mountain lake, lying in a valley on the east side of the Pansál range, above the Tosha maidan; the path between Punch and Kashmir by the Tosha maidan pass lies to the south of the lake, and crosses the stream which flows from it into the Suknág river.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.883333, "source_longitude": 74.466667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 53'. Long. 74° 28'. Elev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "pass", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": ", lying in a valley on the east side of the Pansál range, above the Tosha maidan; the path between Punch and Kashmir" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "e Pansál range, above the Tosha maidan; the path between Punch and Kashmir by the Tosha maidan pass lies to the so" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gadramman", "historical_name": "GADRAMMAN", "modern_name": "Gadramman", "pdf_page": 188, "pdf_viewer_page": 202, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A hamlet lying above the right bank of the Nowbug stream, about 2 miles north-east of the village of Nowbug. The inhabitants number six families of zemindars, seven Gujars, a shikarin, and a lohar. There are two masjids in the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.666667, "source_longitude": 75.433333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 40'. Long. 75° 26'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "an. Village. A hamlet lying above the right bank of the Nowbug stream, about 2 miles north-east of the village of" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gadsar", "historical_name": "GADSAR", "modern_name": "Gadsar Lake", "pdf_page": 188, "pdf_viewer_page": 202, "latitude": 34.4213113, "longitude": 75.0574642, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadsar_Lake", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=6780345626642106108&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-04 candidate batch: Historical Gadsar is the small alpine lake also called Yem Sar; modern Gadsar Lake preserves the name, coordinates, and Kishenganga outflow setting. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A small lake called also the Yem Sar; it lies near the head of a grassy valley, which bears its name, situated amid the lofty mountains between the Sind valley and Tilail; the Gadsar stream flows through the lake joining the Lahun-i-Thal, an affluent of the Kisheen Ganga, in lat. 34° 33', long. 75° 2'. The lake, which is about a quarter of a mile long and something less in breadth, is of oval shape, lying north-west and south-east; on the south and south-west, precipitous rocky mountains and huge glaciers overhang its waters, which are of a deep blue colour, flecked with floes of ice and snow. To the north the banks are low and grassy, and strewn with grey boulders. This lake lies above the limit of forest; but a few stunted juniper bushes grow amid the surrounding rocks. One of the paths between the Sind valley and Tilail, passes down the valley above the north end of the lake.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=6780345626642106108&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.416667, "source_longitude": 75.1, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 25'. Long. 75° 6'. Elev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJzZL_idXW4zgR_EZgcmygGF4", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 72, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "mountain" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "A small lake called also the Yem Sar" }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "Situated amid the lofty mountains between the Sind valley and Tilail;... precipitous rocky mountains and huge glaciers overhang its waters." } ], "feature_notes": "Lake surrounded and defined by adjacent mountains.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gadwain", "historical_name": "GADWAIN", "modern_name": "Gadwain", "pdf_page": 188, "pdf_viewer_page": 202, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Bangil pargana, situated about 4 miles south-west of Patan, on the path towards Khiprú. The village, which includes Sirir, lies mostly a little distance to the north of the road. It is shaded by fruit and other trees, and watered by a little stream; there is also a spring of clear cold water by the side of the path. The village contains a masjid, now in ruins, and six houses inhabited by Mahomedan zemindars and 10 Pandits. There is a sacred tree in the village called Brimarole, an object of veneration to Hindús.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.133333, "source_longitude": 74.533333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 8'. Long. 74° 32'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "spring", "road_or_route", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "he side of the path. The village contains a masjid, now in ruins, and six houses inhabited by Mahomedan zemindars an" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "it and other trees, and watered by a little stream; there is also a spring of clear cold water by the side of the pa" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "watered by a little stream; there is also a spring of clear cold water by the side of the path. The village contains" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "d about 4 miles south-west of Patan, on the path towards Khiprú. The village, which includes Sirir, lies mostly a" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "path. The village contains a masjid, now in ruins, and six houses inhabited by Mahomedan zemindars and 10 Pandits." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gagangir", "historical_name": "GAGANGIR", "modern_name": "Gagangir", "pdf_page": 188, "pdf_viewer_page": 202, "latitude": 34.3067545, "longitude": 75.1820502, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Porajat+Gagangir+191202/@34.3067545,75.1820502,3122m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e232d2e2279ff9:0x4c3c88f462576993!8m2!3d34.3119061!4d75.1983113!16s%2Fg%2F12hqhwph6?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 8: Historical Gagangir is in the Sind valley on the road to Dras, about 10 miles west of Sonamarg and east of Gund; modern Gagangir/Gagangair in Ganderbal preserves the name and setting.", "blurb": "A small village in the Sind valley, prettily situated on the right bank of the river, about 10 miles west of the village of Sonamarg, and 9 miles east of Gúnd-i-Sur-Singh, on the road to Drás. It contains a custom-house and establishment, and three houses inhabited by zemindars, two Pandits, and two sepoys. There is a convenient and shady place for encamping on the level bank of the river to the east of the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Porajat+Gagangir+191202/@34.3067545,75.1820502,3122m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e232d2e2279ff9:0x4c3c88f462576993!8m2!3d34.3119061!4d75.1983113!16s%2Fg%2F12hqhwph6?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 34.3, "source_longitude": 75.25, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 18'. Long. 75° 15'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_status": "strong", "match_score": 95, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A small village in the Sind valley, prettily situated on the right bank of the river" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "A convenient and shady place for encamping on the level bank of the river to the east of the village." } ], "feature_notes": "Village directly on right bank of a river.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "agribal", "historical_name": "AGRIBAL", "modern_name": "Gagribal", "pdf_page": 189, "pdf_viewer_page": 203, "latitude": 34.081, "longitude": 74.869, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dal_Lake", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Gagribal%2C%20Srinagar", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A pretty hamlet lying on the southern margin of the Dal, at the rocky foot of the Takht-i-Sulaimán hill; the water of that portion of the lake adjacent to this village is very highly esteemed. A pleasant lane shaded by young poplar trees, festooned with vines, leads by the margin of the lake to the suburb of Drogjun, which lies about a mile to the south-west.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.083333, "source_longitude": 74.883333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 5'. Long. 74° 53'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "strong", "geocode_source": "manual web review", "review_note": "Agribal is described on the southern margin of Dal Lake at the foot of Takht-i-Sulaiman, matching modern Gagribal/Gagribal basin near Shankaracharya Hill.", "reviewed_at": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 9", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "imán hill; the water of that portion of the lake adjacent to this village is very highly esteemed. A pleasant lane" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gagrin", "historical_name": "GAGRIN", "modern_name": "Gagrian", "pdf_page": 189, "pdf_viewer_page": 203, "latitude": 33.8553128, "longitude": 74.3176876, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=10341697140229323824&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Gagrian 185102. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "This stream takes its rise on the slopes of the snowy Pansál, south-west of the Firozpúr and Lamir passes, the path to which lies along its course; it flows almost due south, and being joined by the Dali Nar stream just above the village of Mandi, where there is a bridge, empties itself into the Súran river, in lat. 33° 45', long. 74° 14', near the village of Chandak, at the eastern extremity of the Púnch valley.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=10341697140229323824&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ-Uunov3J4TgRMLwKosEWhY8", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "m takes its rise on the slopes of the snowy Pansál, south-west of the Firozpúr and Lamir passes, the path to which l" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "GAGRIN. Gagrian. Village. This stream takes its rise on the slopes of the snowy Pansál, south-west of t" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "bove the village of Mandi, where there is a bridge, empties itself into the Súran river, in lat. 33° 45', long. 74°" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "-west of the Firozpúr and Lamir passes, the path to which lies along its course; it flows almost due south, and be" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gagrin-2", "historical_name": "GAGRIN", "modern_name": "Gagrian", "pdf_page": 189, "pdf_viewer_page": 203, "latitude": 33.8553128, "longitude": 74.3176876, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=10341697140229323824&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Gagrian 185102. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village lying at the northern extremity of the Mandi valley, at the foot of the Firozpúr pass; it is said to contain 10 or 12 houses, and lies about midway between Púnch and the village of Firozpúr, in the Kashmir valley.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=10341697140229323824&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.9, "source_longitude": 74.333333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 54'. Long. 74° 20'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ-Uunov3J4TgRMLwKosEWhY8", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "e Mandi valley, at the foot of the Firozpúr pass; it is said to contain 10 or 12 houses, and lies about midway bet" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ying at the northern extremity of the Mandi valley, at the foot of the Firozpúr pass; it is said to contain 10 or 12" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gagrin-3", "historical_name": "GAGRIN", "modern_name": "Gagrian", "pdf_page": 189, "pdf_viewer_page": 203, "latitude": 33.8553128, "longitude": 74.3176876, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=10341697140229323824&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Gagrian 185102. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A dirty village, surrounded by rice cultivation, situated about half a mile to the south of Shupian.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=10341697140229323824&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.716667, "source_longitude": 74.883333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 43'. Long. 74° 53'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ-Uunov3J4TgRMLwKosEWhY8", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "galloti-galli", "historical_name": "GALLOTI GALLI", "modern_name": "Galloti Galli", "pdf_page": 189, "pdf_viewer_page": 203, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A pass over the water-shed between the Kishen Ganga and Kúnara or Nainsúkh rivers. The path between Kúri and Bala-kot lies over this pass.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.45, "source_longitude": 73.416667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 27'. Long. 73° 25'.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "pass", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "GALLOTI GALLI. Galloti Galli. River / watercourse. A pass over the water-shed b" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "en Ganga and Kúnara or Nainsúkh rivers. The path between Kúri and Bala-kot lies over this pass." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gammote", "historical_name": "GAMMOTE", "modern_name": "Gam", "pdf_page": 189, "pdf_viewer_page": 203, "latitude": 33.2794856, "longitude": 75.1953032, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=10257809326825287185&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Gam 182144. Score 72; review before marking final.", "blurb": "The name given to part of the valley traversed by the Surgun or Kankatori stream; it lies about 12 kos north of Sháriári, on the path towards Chilas.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=10257809326825287185&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.95, "source_longitude": 74.266667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 57'. Long. 74° 16'.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJy9g010DoHTkRES4cCzwPW44", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 72, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "lies about 12 kos north of Sháriári, on the path towards Chilas." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gandarbal", "historical_name": "GANDARBAL", "modern_name": "Ganderbal", "pdf_page": 189, "pdf_viewer_page": 203, "latitude": 34.23, "longitude": 74.78, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganderbal", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=3895985556344178785&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Ganderbal 191201. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the Sind river, at the western extremity of the valley. The village itself lies about a mile from the bank, but there is a ghát on the river, and near it a small, but smooth and well shaded, encamping ground. The village lies beneath a lateral spur from the mountains, which is composed of excellent kunkur, and upon which the prunus plant grows abundantly. The Sind river becomes navigable, and boats pass between Gandarbal and Shadípúr, on the Jhelam, in about four hours; Just below the ghát a small stream flows in by the left bank of the river. Across the mouth of this stream is one of the arches of a ruined stone bridge, which was probably the largest in Kashmir; it appears to have consisted of not less than 12 arches; its length was about 120 yards, and it formerly spanned the Sind river, which now, however, flows several yards to the west of it. (Moorcroft—Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=3895985556344178785", "source_latitude": 34.233333, "source_longitude": 74.816667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 14'. Long. 74° 49'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJJ7gpJ7eC4TgRYYjyvzhSETY", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village situated on the left bank of the Sind river" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "The Sind river becomes navigable... Just below the ghát a small stream flows in... Across the mouth of this stream is one of the arches of a ruined stone bridge" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "One of the arches of a ruined stone bridge... which was probably the largest in Kashmir" } ], "feature_notes": "Village on Sind river with a ruined stone bridge arch at a stream mouth within village area.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ganeshbal", "historical_name": "GANESHBAL", "modern_name": "Ganeshbal", "pdf_page": 189, "pdf_viewer_page": 203, "latitude": 34.033, "longitude": 75.337, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Ganeshbal%20Pahalgam%20Lidder", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 8: Historical Ganeshbal is a Lidder-side village/shrine toward the upper/northern end of the Pahalgam valley; modern Ganeshbal search results preserve the name near Pahalgam/Lidder. Coordinate is a present-day locality candidate for review.", "blurb": "A village lying on the right bank of the Lidár river, towards the northern extremity of the valley; it consists of about a dozen houses built of wood, and situated so completely on the edge of the river, as to overhang the rapid waters which foam along only a few feet below. Just before reaching Ganeshbal the strath narrows to a defile, but it here again opens upon a triangular plain, about a mile in length, and bounded on all sides by beautiful slopes, covered with forests or carpeted with verdure, and rendered grander in appearance by the aspect of the snowy peaks seen at the upper end of it. Ganeshbal, or the place of Gunysh or Ganesa, the only son of Siva and Parbuti, owes its celebrity to a large fragment of rock that lies in the torrent of the Lidar, and has been worn by it into what none but a Hindú would discover to bear the faintest resemblance to the head of an elephant, with which Gunysh is always represented; a trunk and a pair of ears and eyes have been added by the painter's hand. The Pandit who resided on the spot when Vigne visited it, admitted that he had long sought the favour of the god, but he had rarely given a propitious answer to his prayers.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Ganeshbal%20Pahalgam%20Lidder", "source_latitude": 33.983333, "source_longitude": 75.35, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 59'. Long. 75° 21'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "Paragraph continues onto the next page.", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_status": "strong", "match_score": 90, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "hbal. Village. A village lying on the right bank of the Lidár river, towards the northern extremity of the valley;" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gangarbal-nag", "historical_name": "GANGARBAL NAG.", "modern_name": "Gangabal Lake", "pdf_page": 190, "pdf_viewer_page": 204, "latitude": 34.43194, "longitude": 74.92583, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangabal_Lake", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=34.43194,74.92583", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web-researched strong candidate: Gangabal Lake. Wikipedia places Gangabal Lake in Ganderbal district at 34.43194, 74.92583; source describes Gangarbal Nag on Haramukh and a Hindu pilgrimage lake.", "blurb": "A lake situated on the north-east slopes of the Haramuk mountain, at an elevation of about 12,000 feet; it lies under the wildest and most lofty peaks of the mountain, which tower to a height of about 1,000 feet above its level. The lake is about 1 1/2 miles long, and only 2 or 300 yards wide; its waters are not particularly clear, nor has it the appearance of great depth. On the 8th of the Hindú month of Bhadra (20th August), there is a great pilgrimage of Hindús to the Gangarbal; they remain on its banks for a day or two, praying and performing their ablutions, and throw into its sacred waters three small bones taken from the funeral pyre of their deceased friends, together with sweetmeats and money. In the native tradition of the valley it is affirmed that Siva, for the benefit of his followers in Kashmir, went to Haramuk and pulled his own hair, and that the water of the Gangarbal immediately began to flow. Gangarbal is about 35 miles north of Srinagar, and may be reached by a path from the Wangat ruins. (Vigne.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=34.43194,74.92583", "source_latitude": 34.433333, "source_longitude": 74.966667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 26'.\tLong. 74° 58'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Lake / spring / water site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "mountain", "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "A lake situated on the north-east slopes of the Haramuk mountain" }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "The Haramuk mountain, which tower to a height of about 1,000 feet above its level." }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "There is a great pilgrimage of Hindús to the Gangarbal; they remain on its banks... praying and performing their ablutions." } ], "feature_notes": "Lake on mountain slope with an active pilgrimage site on its banks.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gangna", "historical_name": "GANGNA.", "modern_name": "Gangna.", "pdf_page": 190, "pdf_viewer_page": 204, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A hamlet situated on the left bank of the Bichlári, about 1 1/2 miles north-west of Rám-sú, on the road leading towards the Banihál pass. A few hundred yards above the village there is a bridge across the river, which measures about 88 feet between the piers.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.35, "source_longitude": 75.216667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 21'.\tLong. 75° 13'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "sú, on the road leading towards the Banihál pass. A few hundred yards above the village there is a bridge across t" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "na.. Village. A hamlet situated on the left bank of the Bichlári, about 1 1/2 miles north-west of Rám-sú, on the r" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "hundred yards above the village there is a bridge across the river, which measures about 88 feet between the piers." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ut 1 1/2 miles north-west of Rám-sú, on the road leading towards the Banihál pass. A few hundred yards above the v" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ganhot", "historical_name": "GANHOT.", "modern_name": "Ganhot.", "pdf_page": 190, "pdf_viewer_page": 204, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Rámband district, said to contain six or seven houses inhabited by Hindús; it lies on the path from Rámband, towards the Hinjan Dhar pass, between Kishtwár and the Peristíán valley.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.25, "source_longitude": 75.35, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 15'.\tLong. 75° 21'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "path from Rámband, towards the Hinjan Dhar pass, between Kishtwár and the Peristíán valley." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ar pass, between Kishtwár and the Peristíán valley." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "houses inhabited by Hindús; it lies on the path from Rámband, towards the Hinjan Dhar pass, between Kishtwár and" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ganiki", "historical_name": "GANIKI.", "modern_name": "Ganiki.", "pdf_page": 190, "pdf_viewer_page": 204, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the Lider Khol stream; it lies a few miles west of Doda, on the path towards Rámband, which crosses the stream by a bridge below the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.166667, "source_longitude": 75.516667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 10'.\tLong. 75° 31'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "i.. Village. A village situated on the left bank of the Lider Khol stream; it lies a few miles west of Doda, on th" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "ards Rámband, which crosses the stream by a bridge below the village." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "m; it lies a few miles west of Doda, on the path towards Rámband, which crosses the stream by a bridge below the v" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ganmara", "historical_name": "GANMARA.", "modern_name": "Ganmara.", "pdf_page": 190, "pdf_viewer_page": 204, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A mountain in the range forming the water-shed between the north-east end of Loláb valley and the Kishen Ganga. On the range between Ganmara and the Kimsaran mountain to the south-east, there is apparently a large quantity of iron ore, and it is probably owing to this that the rocks are so much cut up by lightning. The compass is very variable. Water is procurable all along at about 200 feet below the top of the ridge, but towards night it is scarce, owing to the snow not melting after sunset.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.616667, "source_longitude": 74.516667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat 34° 37'.\tLong. 74° 31'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Pass / route", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "admin_status: Pass / route" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "er-shed between the north-east end of Loláb valley and the Kishen Ganga. On the range between Ganmara and the Kimsar" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "GANMARA.. Ganmara.. Pass / route. A mountain in the range forming the water-shed between the north" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "garepura", "historical_name": "GAREPURA", "modern_name": "Garepura", "pdf_page": 191, "pdf_viewer_page": 205, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Machhípúra pargana, lying on the north side of a narrow cultivated valley, which is traversed by the path from Shalúrah towards Sopúr. It is situated about a mile to the west of Maghám. All the inhabitants are zemindars, and number eight families, five being Mohammedans and three Pandits. Rice is extensively cultivated about the village, which is well shaded by trees, and contains a masjid.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.45, "source_longitude": 74.25, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 27'. Long. 74° 15'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "ich is well shaded by trees, and contains a masjid." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ng on the north side of a narrow cultivated valley, which is traversed by the path from Shalúrah towards Sopúr. It i" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ultivated valley, which is traversed by the path from Shalúrah towards Sopúr. It is situated about a mile to the w" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "garh", "historical_name": "GARH", "modern_name": "Garh", "pdf_page": 191, "pdf_viewer_page": 205, "latitude": 32.8954355, "longitude": 74.5887991, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=3325474437524963704&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Garh 181201. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A house belonging to Molak, lambardar of Sartangal and two neighboring villages; it lies in the valley about 2 miles south of Badrawár, and is marked on the map as a village.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=3325474437524963704&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 32.95, "source_longitude": 75.75, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 57'. Long. 75° 45'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJtdLbe2thHjkReEFRvmF1Ji4", "finalized": false, "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "features": [ "village", "fort", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "GARH. Garh. Village. A house belonging to Molak, lambardar of Sartanga" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "nd two neighboring villages; it lies in the valley about 2 miles south of Badrawár, and is marked on the map as a vi" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "garol", "historical_name": "GAROL", "modern_name": "Garol", "pdf_page": 191, "pdf_viewer_page": 205, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small hamlet situated at the south-east extremity of the Bringh pargana, the last habitations visible on the Kashmir side of the path lying over the Marbal pass. The vicinity of the village is beautifully wooded and a perfect garden of flowers. (Hervey.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.516667, "source_longitude": 75.433333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 31'. Long. 75° 26'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "garden", "pass", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "village is beautifully wooded and a perfect garden of flowers. (Hervey.)" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "hmir side of the path lying over the Marbal pass. The vicinity of the village is beautifully wooded and a perfect" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "itations visible on the Kashmir side of the path lying over the Marbal pass. The vicinity of the village is beauti" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "garrewel", "historical_name": "GARREWEL", "modern_name": "Garrewel", "pdf_page": 191, "pdf_viewer_page": 205, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village situated at the south end of the Nowbúg Nai, above the right bank of the river, almost opposite to the junction of the Brinwar stream; it contains six houses, four being inhabited by Gujárs and two by Kashmíris. The path entering the Nowbúg valley lies through the village, and crosses the river by a bridge below it.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.6, "source_longitude": 75.416667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 36'. Long. 75° 25'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "outh end of the Nowbúg Nai, above the right bank of the river, almost opposite to the junction of the Brinwar stre" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "ugh the village, and crosses the river by a bridge below it." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "habited by Gujárs and two by Kashmíris. The path entering the Nowbúg valley lies through the village, and crosses" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "garsir", "historical_name": "GARSIR", "modern_name": "Garsir", "pdf_page": 191, "pdf_viewer_page": 205, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Dachinpára pargana, situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, a few miles south-east of Bij-Behára.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.783333, "source_longitude": 75.166667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 47'. Long. 75° 10'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Greater Kashmir", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "e Dachinpára pargana, situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, a few miles south-east of Bij-Behára." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gat", "historical_name": "GAT", "modern_name": "Gat", "pdf_page": 191, "pdf_viewer_page": 205, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village situated on the right bank of the Chenáb, about 1½ miles east of Doda, on the road towards Kishtwár; to the east of this village, a very violent mountain torrent empties itself into the Chenáb. (Hervey.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.15, "source_longitude": 75.616667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 9'. Long. 75° 37'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kashmir GAT holidays", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "lage. A small village situated on the right bank of the Chenáb, about 1½ miles east of Doda, on the road towards K" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "Chenáb, about 1½ miles east of Doda, on the road towards Kishtwár; to the east of this village, a very violent mou" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gata", "historical_name": "GATA", "modern_name": "Gatha", "pdf_page": 191, "pdf_viewer_page": 205, "latitude": 32.9974783, "longitude": 75.7018932, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=18020439703341382225&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Gatha 182222. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A large village situated about 2 miles north of Badrawár, on the road towards Doda; it lies some little distance from the left bank of the Nerú river, which at this spot flows in two channels. They are bridged below the village. North of the village is a dharmasála, and the temple of Bas Dev, and near it are two smaller temples; they are surrounded by fine turf, and shaded by large trees. Gata contains about 30 houses, 10 of which are occupied by shál-báfs; the remainder of the inhabitants are Hindús, and are mostly of high caste.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=18020439703341382225&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": 75.733333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33°. Long. 75° 44'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ5ZjxkJCqHTkRUToCDm92Ffo", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "rth of the village is a dharmasála, and the temple of Bas Dev, and near it are two smaller temples; they are surroun" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "it lies some little distance from the left bank of the Nerú river, which at this spot flows in two channels. They" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ted about 2 miles north of Badrawár, on the road towards Doda; it lies some little distance from the left bank of" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gatila-ferry", "historical_name": "GATILA FERRY", "modern_name": "Gatila Ferry", "pdf_page": 191, "pdf_viewer_page": 205, "latitude": 33.0218794, "longitude": 73.7445378, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Gatyali/@33.0218794,73.7445378,3679m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x391f9477e6af5387:0xada1059fdeab504a!8m2!3d33.0202637!4d73.7481415!16s%2Fg%2F11_t2f40k?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This ferry is situated on a broad reach of the Jhelam river, between the villages of Piswál and Pindi, in the Jhelam district. It is distant about 11 miles north of Jhelam, and the same distance south of Mírpúr by a good road.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Gatyali/@33.0218794,73.7445378,3679m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x391f9477e6af5387:0xada1059fdeab504a!8m2!3d33.0202637!4d73.7481415!16s%2Fg%2F11_t2f40k?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.133333, "source_longitude": 73.783333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 8'. Long. 73° 47'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "This ferry is situated on a broad reach of the Jhelam river" } ], "feature_notes": "Entry is a ferry crossing on the Jhelam river.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gay", "historical_name": "GAY", "modern_name": "Gay", "pdf_page": 192, "pdf_viewer_page": 206, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village prettily situated in an oval basin of the mountains, through which the easternmost branch of the Lider Khol flows. It is situated on the right bank of the stream, about 17 miles north-west of Doda, on the path toward Kashmír by the Brari Bal pass. It is also the point of departure for the detour by the Peristán route, should the former not be practicable. The hills by which the village is surrounded are not lofty, and are wooded on the east side, the slopes towards the west being bare; most of the houses, of which there are 16 in all, are built on the bank of the stream, close to the kadal bridge by which it is crossed; but some of them are pushed high up the hill side. Above the village is a small Hindú temple dedicated to Piparam, the tutelary deity of the neighbouring mountain. The encamping ground, which is shaded by fine walnut trees, is on the grassy bank of the river, opposite the village. Both coolies and supplies are procurable.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.283333, "source_longitude": 75.516667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 17'. Long. 75° 31'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "serai", "religious_site", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "ary deity of the neighbouring mountain. The encamping ground, which is shaded by fine walnut trees, is on the grassy bank of t" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "ll side. Above the village is a small Hindú temple dedicated to Piparam, the tutelary deity of the neighbouring moun" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "on the path toward Kashmír by the Brari Bal pass. It is also the point of departure for the detour by the Peristán" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "der Khol flows. It is situated on the right bank of the stream, about 17 miles north-west of Doda, on the path tow" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "ilt on the bank of the stream, close to the kadal bridge by which it is crossed; but some of them are pushed high u" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ghari", "historical_name": "GHARI", "modern_name": "Ghari", "pdf_page": 192, "pdf_viewer_page": 206, "latitude": 33.2373279, "longitude": 75.2845035, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13236577451988796094&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Ghari 182148. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam; it lies 10 koss south-east of Tindali, and 6 koss north-west of Hatti, on the new road from Mari towards Baramúla. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13236577451988796094&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.216667, "source_longitude": 73.65, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 13'. Long. 73° 39'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJz_axxLHBHTkRvsK86w_Fsbc", "finalized": false, "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ri. Village. A village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam; it lies 10 koss south-east of Tindali, and 6 koss" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "and 6 koss north-west of Hatti, on the new road from Mari towards Baramúla. (Montgomerie.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ginger", "historical_name": "GINGER", "modern_name": "Ginger", "pdf_page": 192, "pdf_viewer_page": 206, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A ravine under the south-west side of the Tútmarí Galli, at the south-eastern extremity of the Karnao valley. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.3, "source_longitude": 74.016667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 18'. Long. 74° 1'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Ginger Srinagar Barzulla", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ne under the south-west side of the Tútmarí Galli, at the south-eastern extremity of the Karnao valley. (Montgomeri" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "t the south-eastern extremity of the Karnao valley. (Montgomerie.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gingil", "historical_name": "GINGIL", "modern_name": "Gingil", "pdf_page": 192, "pdf_viewer_page": 206, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, about 18 miles west of Baramúla, on the road towards Mozafarabad. It lies on a small open and well cultivated plain above the river, the valley of the Jhelam being here very narrow. The ridge to the north-west contains iron in several places. Chandnián, in the Karnao valley, may, it is said, be reached by two paths from this village. There is a bungalow for the reception of travellers situated near the bank of the river; it is a double-storied building, containing six rooms, with an open verandah along the front of it. Supplies are procurable.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.133333, "source_longitude": 74.15, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 8'. Long. 74° 9'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "GINGAL uri", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "serai", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "e. There is a bungalow for the reception of travellers situated near the bank of the river; it is a double-storied build" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "y of the Jhelam being here very narrow. The ridge to the north-west contains iron in several places. Chandnián, in" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "l. Village. A village situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, about 18 miles west of Baramúla, on the road towar" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "am, about 18 miles west of Baramúla, on the road towards Mozafarabad. It lies on a small open and well cultivated" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gishat", "historical_name": "GISHAT", "modern_name": "Gishat", "pdf_page": 192, "pdf_viewer_page": 206, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A torrent which flows into the Búrzil stream, in latitude 34° 45', longitude 75° 1'; the road from Gúrais towards Skardo crosses this torrent by a bridge between Bangla Bal and Mapanoanabad.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Shah Kashmir Arts Emporium", "no_match_score": -3, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "is towards Skardo crosses this torrent by a bridge between Bangla Bal and Mapanoanabad." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "in latitude 34° 45', longitude 75° 1'; the road from Gúrais towards Skardo crosses this torrent by a bridge betwe" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "goas", "historical_name": "GOAS", "modern_name": "Goas", "pdf_page": 192, "pdf_viewer_page": 206, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated in a cleft in the mountains on the north side of the Shahabad valley; it is known as Hir, or Upper Goas, to distinguish it from Ban Goas, situated on the bank of the Sándran, near Rishpíra. The Bring valley may be reached by a path lying through this village. The upper village is inhabited by Gújars, and contains four houses, the lower by díms, who number three fam...", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.5, "source_longitude": 75.383333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 30'. Long. 75° 23'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "Excerpt cuts off midsentence and continues on next page. Continuation not found in next page top_continuation.", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Mini Goa", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "mountains on the north side of the Shahabad valley; it is known as Hir, or Upper Goas, to distinguish it from Ban Go" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "hpíra. The Bring valley may be reached by a path lying through this village. The upper village is inhabited by Gúj" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gogachipatar", "historical_name": "GOGACHIPATAR", "modern_name": "Gogachipatar", "pdf_page": 193, "pdf_viewer_page": 207, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A fort, also called Gujupt; it is situated on a conical hill on the right bank of the Chandra Bhāgā river, between Rāmband and Doda.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.183333, "source_longitude": 75.366667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 11. Long. 75° 22. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "GowKadal", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "fort", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "is situated on a conical hill on the right bank of the Chandra Bhāgā river, between Rāmband and Doda." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gogalmarg", "historical_name": "GOGALMARG", "modern_name": "Gogalmarg", "pdf_page": 193, "pdf_viewer_page": 207, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A few huts inhabited by shepherds, situated on the slopes of the Pansāl range, to the north of the Golābgarh or Kurī pass, on the path between Riāssi and Shupian, about 19 miles south of the latter place. The marg is covered with rich and luxuriant grass, upon which during the summer months large flocks of sheep are grazed. (Allgood.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.516667, "source_longitude": 74.933333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 31. Long. 74° 56'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Pass / route", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Gulmarg", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "pass", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "admin_status: Pass / route" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "GOGALMARG. Gogalmarg. Pass / route. A few huts inhabited by shepherds, situated on the slopes of the" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gogisar", "historical_name": "GOGISAR", "modern_name": "Gogisar", "pdf_page": 193, "pdf_viewer_page": 207, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A mountain lake, lying on the east side of the water-shed, between Kashmīr and the Maru Wardwān valley. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.866667, "source_longitude": 75.466667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 52'. Long. 75° 28'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Lake / spring / water site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Gogaldara Tourist place", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: Lake / spring / water site" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "GOGISAR. Gogisar. Lake / spring / water site. A mountain lake, lying on the east side of the wate" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "goouldar", "historical_name": "GOOULDAR", "modern_name": "Goouldar", "pdf_page": 193, "pdf_viewer_page": 207, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A Gūjar settlement, which is inhabited during the summer; it lies towards the north-east extremity of the Kaurpara pargana, on a path leading over the mountains to Basman, in the Maru Wardwan valley.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.85, "source_longitude": 75.4, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 51'. Long. 75° 24'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Gogaldara Chill Point", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "OOULDAR. Goouldar. Gazetteer entry. A Gūjar settlement, which is inhabited during the summer; it lies towards the north-" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "he mountains to Basman, in the Maru Wardwan valley." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ast extremity of the Kaurpara pargana, on a path leading over the mountains to Basman, in the Maru Wardwan valley." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gohan", "historical_name": "GOHAN", "modern_name": "Gohan", "pdf_page": 193, "pdf_viewer_page": 207, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Kruhīn pargana, containing two or three houses; it is situated on the slopes of the hills, about 3 miles south-east of Baramūla, on the path towards Kountra and the Gulmarg.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.183333, "source_longitude": 74.416667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 11'. Long. 74° 25'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "bout 3 miles south-east of Baramūla, on the path towards Kountra and the Gulmarg." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gohip-r", "historical_name": "GOHIPŪR", "modern_name": "Gohipūr", "pdf_page": 193, "pdf_viewer_page": 207, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated at the edge of the table-land, to the south-east of Patan; it lies about a mile south of the road from Patan towards Srinagar. There are extensive rice fields below the village, which contains eight houses, inhabited by zemindars, a watchman, a messenger, a blacksmith, and two shāl-bāfs.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": 74.616667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° S'. Long. 74° 37'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Yousmarg", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "of Patan; it lies about a mile south of the road from Patan towards Srinagar. There are extensive rice fields belo" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gohun", "historical_name": "GOHUN", "modern_name": "Gohun", "pdf_page": 193, "pdf_viewer_page": 207, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Bring pargana, situated on the spur in the angle formed by the confluence of the Nowbüg and Tanas rivers, which are crossed by a bridge a little distance to the north-west of the village. It lies on the path from Islamabd towards Kishtwār by the Marbal Pass. (Hervey.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.566667, "source_longitude": 75.4, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 34'. Long. 75° 24'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Gohan Lari Jungle", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "rom Islamabd towards Kishtwār by the Marbal Pass. (Hervey.)" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ated on the spur in the angle formed by the confluence of the Nowbüg and Tanas rivers, which are crossed by a bridge a l" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "üg and Tanas rivers, which are crossed by a bridge a little distance to the north-west of the village. It lies on th" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "e north-west of the village. It lies on the path from Islamabd towards Kishtwār by the Marbal Pass. (Hervey.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gojipatri", "historical_name": "GOJIPATRI", "modern_name": "Gojipatri", "pdf_page": 193, "pdf_viewer_page": 207, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "An encamping ground on the path between Srinagar and Baramgalla, by the way of the Choti Galli pass. Gojipatri is situated close to the Nil Nág, about 5 miles west of Chārār and 20 miles south of Srinagar; it has a famous zīārat, and there are besides a few houses scattered here and there; no supplies are procurable, but grass is plentiful, and green Indian corn may be had in summer; wood and water are abundant. (Allgood.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.866667, "source_longitude": 74.733333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 52'. Long. 74° 44'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Pass / route", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Doodhpathri Budgam", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "pass", "village", "serai", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "admin_status: Pass / route" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "famous zīārat, and there are besides a few houses scattered here and there; no supplies are procurable, but grass i" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "GOJIPATRI. Gojipatri. Pass / route. An encamping ground on the path between Srinagar and Baramgalla, by the way of the Ch" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ass. Gojipatri is situated close to the Nil Nág, about 5 miles west of Chārār and 20 miles south of Srinagar; it" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "GOJIPATRI. Gojipatri. Pass / route. An encamping ground on the path between Srinagar and Baramgalla," } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gol-bgarh", "historical_name": "GOLĀBGARH", "modern_name": "Golābgarh", "pdf_page": 193, "pdf_viewer_page": 207, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The Golābgarh, Kirī, or Dowal pass, lies over the Pansāl range at the south end of the valley of Kashmīr, and is crossed by the direct path between Shupian and Riāssi; it is a well frequented road, and is practicable for ponies. On the Kashmīr side the ascent is very gradual, with the exception of a short steep pull up to the top of the ridge; on the south side the ascent is steeper, but not difficult; the natives say it is dangerous when snow falls, and mention that in one year 50 persons were lost on it. At the top there is a plain called Nikan. There are many shepherds' paths leading about the neighbouring hills, but the natives say that the ridge is not practicable, except at the pass. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.483333, "source_longitude": 74.95, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 29'. Long. 74° 57'. Elev. 12,530 feet.", "admin_status": "Pass / route", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Hajan Valley", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "admin_status: Pass / route" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "er the Pansāl range at the south end of the valley of Kashmīr, and is crossed by the direct path between Shupian and" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "GOLĀBGARH. Golābgarh. Pass / route. The Golābgarh, Kirī, or Dowal pass, lies over the Pansāl range a" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "golabgarh", "historical_name": "GOLABGARH", "modern_name": "Gulabgarh", "pdf_page": 193, "pdf_viewer_page": 207, "latitude": 33.2686041, "longitude": 76.1711283, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9612704891134550124&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 manual candidate batch: Historical Golabgarh/Gulabgarh is supported by the modern Gulabgarh settlement in Paddar, Kishtwar, near the Paddar route context; the fort/site itself still needs local review. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A small mud fort, on the left bank of the Golābgarh Nala, one of the sources of the Ans river. It is situated in the district of Dowal, lying to the south of Pansál range.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9612704891134550124&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.433333, "source_longitude": 74.95, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 26'. Long. 74° 57'.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJiRXbigs8HTkRbCC8DiswZ4U", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "fort", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "A small mud fort" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "on the left bank of the Golābgarh Nala" } ], "feature_notes": "Features classified by LLM from the gazetteer entry context.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gol-bgarh-2", "historical_name": "GOLÁBGARH.", "modern_name": "Golábgarh.", "pdf_page": 194, "pdf_viewer_page": 208, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small square fort in the Pader district, situated in the fork between the confluence of the Batna and Chandra Bhága rivers. A rope suspension-bridge, which has replaced the wooden bridge, crosses the latter river a few hundred yards above the fort. From this place Ladák may be reached by a path which follows the course of the Batna river, but it is mentioned as difficult at all seasons of the year, and little frequented. The fort of Golábgarh lies about 50 miles (five marches) east of Kishtwár, but the path is impassable for many months in the winter. There is a second path along the river side which people sometimes travel by at that season, but it is a difficult and dangerous one. (Allgood.—Mackay.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.266667, "source_longitude": 76.216667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 16'. Long. 76° 13' Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "fort", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "district, situated in the fork between the confluence of the Batna and Chandra Bhága rivers. A rope suspension-bridge," }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "ce of the Batna and Chandra Bhága rivers. A rope suspension-bridge, which has replaced the wooden bridge, crosses the latter" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": ". From this place Ladák may be reached by a path which follows the course of the Batna river, but it is mentioned" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "golp-r", "historical_name": "GOLPÚR.", "modern_name": "Golpúr.", "pdf_page": 194, "pdf_viewer_page": 208, "latitude": 33.4364724, "longitude": 73.8462995, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Gulpur/@33.4364724,73.8462995,3154m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x391fdff71fd5d6d9:0x7a62f2db6fa2ec1f!8m2!3d33.4365194!4d73.8580788!16s%2Fm%2F03cdpzt?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Naoshera, situated in a narrow valley on the west side of the Troach fort; it lies about 10 miles south of Kotlí, on the direct path towards Mirpúr. There are about 18 houses in the village, which is supplied with water by the Kowa torrent, which flows down through the centre of the valley; in the summer the stream dries, but pools of water collect in various places in its rocky bed.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Gulpur/@33.4364724,73.8462995,3154m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x391fdff71fd5d6d9:0x7a62f2db6fa2ec1f!8m2!3d33.4365194!4d73.8580788!16s%2Fm%2F03cdpzt?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.433333, "source_longitude": 73.9, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 26'. Long. 73° 54'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in Naoshera" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "It is supplied with water by the Kowa torrent, which flows down through the centre of the valley" } ], "feature_notes": "Village watered by a stream (torrent) flowing through the valley adjacent to the village.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gondail", "historical_name": "GONDAIL.", "modern_name": "Gondail.", "pdf_page": 194, "pdf_viewer_page": 208, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small hamlet containing two or three houses, lying about 10 miles north of Poni, on the path towards Kashmir by the Büdil pass. (Allgood.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.2, "source_longitude": 74.733333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 12'. Long. 74° 44'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Pass / route", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Gulmarg Gondola", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "pass", "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "admin_status: Pass / route" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "GONDAIL.. Gondail.. Pass / route. A small hamlet containing two or three houses, lying about 10 miles north of Pon" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "GONDAIL.. Gondail.. Pass / route. A small hamlet containing two or three houses, lying about 10 mi" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gorithal", "historical_name": "GORITHAL.", "modern_name": "Gorithal.", "pdf_page": 194, "pdf_viewer_page": 208, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A Gújar settlement, lying to the north of the Beladori range, on the foot-path between Gingi and the village of Chhandian, in the Karnao valley.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.183333, "source_longitude": 74.083333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 11'. Long. 74° 5'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Guryul Ravine", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "tlement, lying to the north of the Beladori range, on the foot-path between Gingi and the village of Chhandian, in" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "and the village of Chhandian, in the Karnao valley." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "he north of the Beladori range, on the foot-path between Gingi and the village of Chhandian, in the Karnao valley." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gotala", "historical_name": "GOTALA.", "modern_name": "Gotala.", "pdf_page": 194, "pdf_viewer_page": 208, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This place is situated on the right bank of Lider Khol stream, which is crossed by a rough bridge between it and Kai, below the path from Doda towards Kashmir; it contains but one house.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.216667, "source_longitude": 75.5, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 13'. Long. 75° 30'.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "er Khol stream, which is crossed by a rough bridge between it and Kai, below the path from Doda towards Kashmir; it" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "rough bridge between it and Kai, below the path from Doda towards Kashmir; it contains but one house." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gowran", "historical_name": "GOWRAN.", "modern_name": "Gowran.", "pdf_page": 194, "pdf_viewer_page": 208, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on an elevated table-land at the foot of the spur between the two head waters of the Nowbúg river, at the extreme north end of the valley. It contains a masjid, and six houses inhabited by zemindars, and is shaded by fine trees. The villages in this neighbourhood are constructed principally of wood, with wood and mud-cement as the frail foundation. The peasantry are miserably indigent, and, except fowls, no supplies are procurable. (Hervey.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.8, "source_longitude": 75.483333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 48'. Long. 75° 29'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Gowran", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "reme north end of the valley. It contains a masjid, and six houses inhabited by zemindars, and is shaded by fine tre" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "r between the two head waters of the Nowbúg river, at the extreme north end of the valley. It contains a masjid, an" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gowran-2", "historical_name": "GOWRAN.", "modern_name": "Gowran.", "pdf_page": 194, "pdf_viewer_page": 208, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A hamlet lying at the foot of the hills on the west side of the Kuthár pargana, by the right bank of the Arpat; it contains three houses inhabited by Gújars. From this village an excellent road, leading towards the Kaurpara pargana, crosses the Metsij hill; neither the ascent nor descent are described as being at all steep; it is used by horsemen and for laden animals. The distance to the village of Brar is about 5 kos, passing en route the Gújar village of Vaal (10 houses) and Pa Paharun (five houses), just before reaching the Shahkúl canal, which is crossed by a kúnal bridge near Brar (16 houses).", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.766667, "source_longitude": 75.383333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 46'. Long. 75° 23'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Gowran", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "st side of the Kuthár pargana, by the right bank of the Arpat; it contains three houses inhabited by Gújars. From" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "Shahkúl canal, which is crossed by a kúnal bridge near Brar (16 houses)." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "d by Gújars. From this village an excellent road, leading towards the Kaurpara pargana, crosses the Metsij hill; n" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "grati-nar", "historical_name": "GRATI NAR", "modern_name": "Grati Nar", "pdf_page": 194, "pdf_viewer_page": 208, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A stream which rises in the lofty mountains on the north side of the Tilail valley, and empties itself into the Kishen Ganga river, in latitude 34° 33', longitude 75° 6', just above the village of Borrogam. A path leading from Tilail to the Shingo valley and the Deosai plains follows the course of this stream.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Nar kotli azad kashmir", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "GRATI NAR. Grati Nar. Village. A stream which rises in the lofty mountains on the north side of the Tilai" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "° 6', just above the village of Borrogam. A path leading from Tilail to the Shingo valley and the Deosai plains fo" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gratinura", "historical_name": "GRATINURA", "modern_name": "Gratinura", "pdf_page": 195, "pdf_viewer_page": 209, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A stream which rises on the southern slopes of the Panjtarni mountain, and flowing in a southerly direction through an elevated grassy valley, empties itself into the Shisha Nag, a mountain lake lying at the north-east extremity of the Dachnipara pargana. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Jannat e kashmir", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "assy valley, empties itself into the Shisha Nag, a mountain lake lying at the north-east extremity of the Dachnip" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "guashbrari", "historical_name": "GUASHBRARI", "modern_name": "Guashbrari", "pdf_page": 195, "pdf_viewer_page": 209, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a grazing ground situated on the slopes of the mountains above the right bank of the Lidar river north-east of Palgām. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.1, "source_longitude": 75.433333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 6'. Long. 75° 26'. Elev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Yousmarg", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gugai", "historical_name": "GUGAI", "modern_name": "Gugai", "pdf_page": 195, "pdf_viewer_page": 209, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A stream which rises in the range of mountains forming the northern boundary of the Kishen Ganga valley; the principal streams of which it is formed unite shortly before their junction with the Kishen Ganga, lat. 34° 44', long. 74° 45', just above the village of Thaobut. The path lying down the valley of the Kishen Ganga crosses the stream, which is about 50 feet broad and 2 feet deep, by a kánal bridge about half a mile above the confluence; as the current is rapid, flowing over boulders of considerable size, it is not fordable when in flood. A path leading to Astor, which is now unused, lies up the valley of this stream. The direct path from Thaobut to Gûrais, by way of the Dûdígay stream, also follows its course for some little distance.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "Gugai. Village. A stream which rises in the range of mountains forming the northern boundary of the Kishen Ganga va" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "GUGAI. Gugai. Village. A stream which rises in the range of mountains forming the northern bounda" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "t 50 feet broad and 2 feet deep, by a kánal bridge about half a mile above the confluence; as the current is rapid," }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "45', just above the village of Thaobut. The path lying down the valley of the Kishen Ganga crosses the stream, whi" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "guggean", "historical_name": "GUGGEAN", "modern_name": "Guggean", "pdf_page": 195, "pdf_viewer_page": 209, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This village lies above the right bank of the Dali Nar stream, on the path from Pûnch to the Tosha maidān pass, about 18 miles north-east of Pûnch. It contains 26 families, seven being Gūjārs, and the remainder Kashmiri Mohamedans. The cultivation is confined to dry crops.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.833333, "source_longitude": 74.533333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 50'. Long. 74° 32'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "on the path from Pûnch to the Tosha maidān pass, about 18 miles north-east of Pûnch. It contains 26 families, sev" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Village. This village lies above the right bank of the Dali Nar stream, on the path from Pûnch to the Tosha maidā" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "e right bank of the Dali Nar stream, on the path from Pûnch to the Tosha maidān pass, about 18 miles north-east of" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gujara", "historical_name": "GUJARA", "modern_name": "Gujara", "pdf_page": 195, "pdf_viewer_page": 209, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A hamlet in the Peristān valley, situated above the left bank of the stream; it is inhabited by a few Gūjār families, occupying flat-roofed huts scattered among the fields, which stretch for a considerable distance along the side of the mountain.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.316667, "source_longitude": 75.533333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 19'. Long. 75° 32'. Elev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "village" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "GUJARA. Gujara. River / watercourse. A hamlet in the Peristān valley, situated above the left bank of the strea" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gujr-nd-dard-g-jrondo", "historical_name": "GUJRĪND, (DARD GŪJRONDO)", "modern_name": "Gujrīnd,", "pdf_page": 195, "pdf_viewer_page": 209, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated near the source of the Kishen Ganga river, at the east end of the Tilail valley; it contains a masjid, and eight houses inhabited by zemindars. The path leading towards Drās crosses the Kishen Ganga by a bridge or ford, below the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.533333, "source_longitude": 75.283333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 32'. Long. 75° 17'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Jammu and Kashmir", "no_match_score": -3, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "ast end of the Tilail valley; it contains a masjid, and eight houses inhabited by zemindars. The path leading toward" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": ". A village situated near the source of the Kishen Ganga river, at the east end of the Tilail valley; it contains a masjid" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "towards Drās crosses the Kishen Ganga by a bridge or ford, below the village." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "nd eight houses inhabited by zemindars. The path leading towards Drās crosses the Kishen Ganga by a bridge or ford" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gulla-sheikh-ki-gund", "historical_name": "GULLA SHEIKH-KI-GUND", "modern_name": "Gulla Sheikh-Ki-Gund", "pdf_page": 195, "pdf_viewer_page": 209, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A hamlet in the Tilail valley, containing three houses, situated on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga river.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.533333, "source_longitude": 75.166667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 32'. Long. 75° 10'. Elev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Sheikh Gund", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "village" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "ulla Sheikh-Ki-Gund. River / watercourse. A hamlet in the Tilail valley, containing three houses, situated on the le" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gulmarg", "historical_name": "GULMARG", "modern_name": "Gulmarg", "pdf_page": 195, "pdf_viewer_page": 209, "latitude": 34.05, "longitude": 74.38, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulmarg", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8817140271334563319&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research confirmed prior Google candidate: Gulmarg is the modern hill station. Wikipedia lists coordinates 34.05, 74.38; existing Google pin kept for precision. Review before marking final.", "blurb": "A mountain upland, situated on the slopes of the Pansāl range, on the south-west side of the valley of Kashmīr. It lies about 13 miles due south of Baramūla and 24 miles east of Srinagar, and may be reached by various roads from Srinagar, Patan, Sopūr, and Baramūla. There is also a foot-path from the village of Naoshehra, in the Jhelam valley, and from Pūnch paths lie over the Nilkanta and Firozpūr passes, but they are not usually practicable for laden cattle. The marg, which is shaped somewhat like the figure 8, is about three miles long, and varies in width from a few hundred yards to more than a mile.\n\nIt lies chiefly north-west and south-east, and is enclosed on all sides by hills densely wooded by deodar, from which numerous spurs in the form of grassy knolls project far into the plain. The whole surface of the down and the projecting knolls is clothed with flowers of every hue, whence the place is supposed to take its name, Gulmarg, \"the field of flowers;\" others, from certain mythological legends connected with the locality, prefer to derive it from ghul, a tumult, ghulmarg, the place of the tumult.\" The elevation of the marg is about 3,000 feet above the level of the valley of Kashmír; the climate is cold, bracing, and salubrious, but the rainfall is very considerable.\n\nThe valley is intersected by a stream which receives numerous tributaries in its course towards the north-west, where it escapes through a deep gorge. The most eligible spots for encamping are along the ridge at the east end of the marg, from which, in addition to the advantages of fresh, pure air, and sun, a magnificent view is obtainable of the valley of Kashmír, including the city of Srinagar; next to these sites those on the slopes at the south-east end of the marg are the most desirable, being conveniently situated as regards the water supply.\n\nTimber abounds, but its indiscriminate destruction by visitors threatens to detract from the beauty of the place, and unless speedily checked, the damage will be irreparable. Milk and butter may be procured from the cowherds in the valley, but other supplies must be obtained from the village below.\n\nVigne describes the Gulmarg as \"a lovely spot on the downs of the Panjál flat; green, open, and perfumed with wild flowers; the snowy peaks sloping gently upwards from its extremities, and the valley itself extended beneath it; whilst the scenic disposition of its woods and glades, watered by a stream that winds through its whole length from north-west to south-east, is so highly picturesque, that little is wanting but a mansion and a herd of deer to complete its resemblance to an English park.\n\nAt the end is a bank over the stream, on which it is said the emperor Jehangir, and his celebrated Begum, Nur Jehan, pitched their tents when indulging in a picnic, and at the furthest extremity is a steep descent through the jungle, by a path which joins the pass, named after the village of Firozpur, which lies at its foot. The vast mountain of Nunga Purbut is seen to great effect from the ascent to the Gul Murg.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8817140271334563319&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.083333, "source_longitude": 74.416667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 5'. Long. 74° 25'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJd9mNMJGv4TgR9x2wj1zGXHo", "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "mountain", "forest", "river_or_lake", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "mountain", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "A mountain upland, situated on the slopes of the Pansal range" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "Hills densely wooded by deodar" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "The valley is intersected by a stream which receives numerous tributaries" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "Convenient and shady spots for encamping along the ridge... as regards the water supply" } ], "feature_notes": "Mountain upland with forest, streams, and water sources described on slopes and ridge.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gulpur", "historical_name": "GULPUR", "modern_name": "Gulpur", "pdf_page": 196, "pdf_viewer_page": 210, "latitude": 33.7038699, "longitude": 74.0817251, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Gulpur+185101/@33.7038699,74.0817251,3144m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m15!1m8!3m7!1s0x38e0311c173b1dfd:0x7047481f4c458888!2sGulpur+185101!3b1!8m2!3d33.7017142!4d74.0799469!16s%2Fg%2F12hmxdss_!3m5!1s0x38e0311c173b1dfd:0x7047481f4c458888!8m2!3d33.7017142!4d74.0799469!16s%2Fg%2F12hmxdss_?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Gulpur. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village in Punch; it lies in a valley above the right bank of the Punch Toi, between the Tat stream and the Bitrah river, about 2 miles west of the town. It is inhabited by Mohamedan zemindars, and contains 20 houses. Both rice and dry crops are grown.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Gulpur+185101/@33.7038699,74.0817251,3144m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m15!1m8!3m7!1s0x38e0311c173b1dfd:0x7047481f4c458888!2sGulpur+185101!3b1!8m2!3d33.7017142!4d74.0799469!16s%2Fg%2F12hmxdss_!3m5!1s0x38e0311c173b1dfd:0x7047481f4c458888!8m2!3d33.7017142!4d74.0799469!16s%2Fg%2F12hmxdss_?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.766667, "source_longitude": 74.1, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 46' Long. 74° 6' Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ2dbVH_ffHzkRH-yib9vyYno", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in Punch" } ], "feature_notes": "Described as village with no other specific physical features mentioned.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gumbai", "historical_name": "GUMBAI", "modern_name": "Gumbai", "pdf_page": 196, "pdf_viewer_page": 210, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated at the foot of the mountains on the southern side of the Karnao valley, about a mile of the south-east of the fort. It is held in jagir by dewan Jowala Sahar, the father of Kirpa Ram, the Maharajah's present dewan. It contains a ziarat and a masjid, and 12 houses inhabited by Kashmiri zemindars. There are many shady trees about the village, which produces both corn and rice.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 31.4, "source_longitude": 73.883333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 31° 24'. Long. 73° 53'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "fort", "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "GUMBAI. Gumbai. Fort / historic site. A village situated at the foot of the mountains on the southern side of the" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "he Maharajah's present dewan. It contains a ziarat and a masjid, and 12 houses inhabited by Kashmiri zemindars. Ther" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ountains on the southern side of the Karnao valley, about a mile of the south-east of the fort. It is held in jagir" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gumber", "historical_name": "GUMBER", "modern_name": "Gumber", "pdf_page": 196, "pdf_viewer_page": 210, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the Maru Wardwan valley, situated above the left bank of the river, between Basman and Suknis, just north of the junction of the Gumber stream. It is said to contain a masjid and about 12 houses.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.933333, "source_longitude": 75.566667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 56'. Long. 75° 34'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Gumri", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "the Gumber stream. It is said to contain a masjid and about 12 houses." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "illage. A small village in the Maru Wardwan valley, situated above the left bank of the river, between Basman and Su" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gunapora", "historical_name": "GUNAPORA", "modern_name": "Gana Pora", "pdf_page": 197, "pdf_viewer_page": 211, "latitude": 34.2987845, "longitude": 74.2820302, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Gana+Pora/@34.2987845,74.2820302,3122m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e103ebb93bb54d:0x6e91f8a17e44fdb5!8m2!3d34.2986133!4d74.292754!16s%2Fg%2F12hpkyfk3?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 manual candidate batch: Historical Gunapora is a close preserved-name match to modern Gana Pora; existing Google candidate gives a coherent Kashmir-valley village location. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A village in the Uttar pargana, situated on the right bank of the Kamil river; with the adjoining villages of Malpúra and Krishpora it makes up the land called Nagger. There was at one time a large town here, but for some reason it has been resolved into three villages. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Gana+Pora/@34.2987845,74.2820302,3122m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e103ebb93bb54d:0x6e91f8a17e44fdb5!8m2!3d34.2986133!4d74.292754!16s%2Fg%2F12hpkyfk3?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 34.466667, "source_longitude": 74.316667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 28'. Long. 74° 19'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJTbU7uesD4TgRtf1EfqH4kW4", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in the Uttar pargana" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "situated on the right bank of the Kamil river" } ], "feature_notes": "Entry describes Gunapora as a village, no indication of fort or town; river is physically present at location.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gundarpur", "historical_name": "GUNDARPUR", "modern_name": "Gundarpur", "pdf_page": 197, "pdf_viewer_page": 211, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village containing two houses, situated just to the east of Khipúr, by the path leading towards Patan.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.133333, "source_longitude": 74.5, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 8'. Long. 74° 30'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Government College of Engineering and Technology Safapora, Ganderbal Kashmir", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "situated just to the east of Khipúr, by the path leading towards Patan." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gundbal", "historical_name": "GUNDBAL", "modern_name": "Gundbal", "pdf_page": 197, "pdf_viewer_page": 211, "latitude": 33.9936465, "longitude": 74.9829765, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=551214914524139610&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 6: Historical Gundbal is in the Bihar pargana on Sonakrund wudar about a mile south-west of Ladu; existing Gundbal candidate in the Pampore/Tral-side valley retained as the closest modern match.", "blurb": "A village in the Bihár pargana, containing three houses, situated on the Sonakrund wudar, about a mile south-west of Ladú.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=551214914524139610&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": 75.033333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34°. Long. 75° 2'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ_TvOKpEg4jgRWtAbVwtPpgc", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 91, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in the Bihár pargana, containing three houses" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "situated on the Sonakrund wudar" } ], "feature_notes": "Wudar is a water body near the village.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gundi", "historical_name": "GUNDI", "modern_name": "Gundi", "pdf_page": 197, "pdf_viewer_page": 211, "latitude": 33.3226373, "longitude": 75.0319086, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2706494812296581486&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 5: Historical Gundi is on the Sirán/Suran route toward Poonch with a nearby chaoni; existing Gundi candidate in the Pir Panjal/Poonch-Ramban side retained as the strongest available match.", "blurb": "A small village lying on the slopes of the mountain, about 2 miles from the right bank of the Síran river. The chaoni or encamping ground, which lies on the left bank of the river, is situated about 2 miles west of Bílájú, on the road towards Péúch. Between the village and the chaoni the river is crossed by a rough wooden bridge. (Hervey.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2706494812296581486&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.966667, "source_longitude": 75.366667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 58'. Long. 75° 22'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJo16B7GbhHTkRbhFgMbFmjyU", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 90, "features": [ "village", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A small village lying on the slopes of the mountain" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "Between the village and the chaoni the river is crossed by a rough wooden bridge." } ], "feature_notes": "The village is described as the place itself; the wooden bridge crossing the river near the village is physically at the site.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gundihashibat", "historical_name": "GUNDIHASHIBAT", "modern_name": "Gundihashibat", "pdf_page": 197, "pdf_viewer_page": 211, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated at the edge of the Hokar Sar morass, about half a mile south of the road from Srinagar towards Patan. It is surrounded with rice cultivation, and contains a masjid, and 20 houses inhabited by zemindars; among the inhabitants is a Pandit, who is the patwari of the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.116667, "source_longitude": 74.733333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 7'. Long. 74° 44'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Thajiwas Glacier", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "unded with rice cultivation, and contains a masjid, and 20 houses inhabited by zemindars; among the inhabitants is a" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "A village situated at the edge of the Hokar Sar morass, about half a mile south of the road from Srinagar towards" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "Sar morass, about half a mile south of the road from Srinagar towards Patan. It is surrounded with rice cultivati" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "g-nd-i-sur-singh", "historical_name": "GÚND-I-SUR-SINGH", "modern_name": "Gúnd-I-Sur-Singh", "pdf_page": 197, "pdf_viewer_page": 211, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Sind valley, which stands very prettily upon a rocky eminence in the midst of the valley, above the right bank of the river, which is crossed by a bridge below it. Its three-storied houses, ornamented with fancy wood-work, after the fashion of Kashmir, remind the traveller of a Swiss village, the want of chimneys only excepted. It is surrounded by mountain sides, pine forests, and orchards; amongst these are patches of cockscomb, buckwheat, and two kinds of millet. The village contains a masjid and hamám, now in ruins, and the zíárats of Syud Komaludín and Shaikh Nasir Sahib Bengali, and the Wyser Sahib Makan. A descendant of the old Maliks of the place resides in the village; there are also 20 houses inhabited by zemindars, a blacksmith, a potter, a múlla, dúm, and harkara. There is also a bunnia and a government store-house. A stream which flows down to the east of the village supplies it with water. Gúnd-i-Sur Singh is distant about 39 miles north-east of Srinagar, and is a postal station on the high road to Drás and Léh. Vigne remarks that Gúnd is a Tibetan word (the equivalent of Chak), used to distinguish new land held rent-free, in distinction from yul, or cultivated land returning a rent.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.25, "source_longitude": 75.15, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 15'. Long. 75° 9'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "serai", "religious_site", "garden", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "k, after the fashion of Kashmir, remind the traveller of a Swiss village, the want of chimneys only excepted. It is sur" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "two kinds of millet. The village contains a masjid and hamám, now in ruins, and the zíárats of Syud Komaludín and Sh" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "ounded by mountain sides, pine forests, and orchards; amongst these are patches of cockscomb, buckwheat, and two kinds" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "I-Sur-Singh. Village. A village in the Sind valley, which stands very prettily upon a rocky eminence in the midst of" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "ht bank of the river, which is crossed by a bridge below it. Its three-storied houses, ornamented with fancy wood-wo" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gundp-ra", "historical_name": "GUNDPÚRA", "modern_name": "Gund Prang", "pdf_page": 197, "pdf_viewer_page": 211, "latitude": 34.3290349, "longitude": 74.642971, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=17228662312369029891&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 manual candidate batch: Historical Gundpúra/Gundpura is a close preserved-name match to modern Gund Prang/Gund Preng in the Bandipora-Sonawari area; public village references support the place name. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A village situated about a mile south-west of Bij Behára; its revenues, amounting to Rs. 300 annually, are devoted to the maintenance of the Hindú temple in that town, lately built by the Maharajah.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=17228662312369029891&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.783333, "source_longitude": 75.133333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 47'. Long. 75° 8'.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJx7A58IFz4TgRA4PqexeBGO8", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 72, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "town", "village", "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "GUNDPÚRA. Gund Prang. Town. A village situated about a mile south-west of Bij Behára; its revenues, amo" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "are devoted to the maintenance of the Hindú temple in that town, lately built by the Maharajah." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gunsar-n-g", "historical_name": "GUNSAR NÁG", "modern_name": "Gunsar Nág", "pdf_page": 197, "pdf_viewer_page": 211, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small lake situated at the south end of the Loláb valley. It is covered with weeds, and has a mean depth of about 2½ feet. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.45, "source_longitude": 74.483333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 27'. Long. 74° 29'.", "admin_status": "Lake / spring / water site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kounsarnag Lake Trek & Adventure", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: Lake / spring / water site" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "GUNSAR NÁG. Gunsar Nág. Lake / spring / water site. A small lake situated at the south end of the Loláb" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "g-pakar", "historical_name": "GÚPAKAR", "modern_name": "Gupkar", "pdf_page": 197, "pdf_viewer_page": 211, "latitude": 34.0797689, "longitude": 74.8563123, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Hari+Niwas/@34.0797689,74.8563123,783m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m15!1m8!3m7!1s0x38e18f6c01fa010b:0x1a8909c0b59503f3!2sGupkar+Rd,+Srinagar!3b1!8m2!3d34.0797689!4d74.8588872!16s%2Fg%2F1v4k4x15!3m5!1s0x38e18f79795a6253:0x743cce2a9bf39134!8m2!3d34.0786!4d74.859771!16s%2Fg%2F11rg1dynzh?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research: source places Gupakar at the south-east corner of Dal Lake near Takht-i-Sulaiman; mapped to modern Gupkar/Gupkar Road. Coordinates from web coordinate listing; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village situated at south-east corner of the Dal lake, close to the gap between the Baswan peak of the main range and the isolated spur of the Takht-i-Sulaimán. It lies on both sides of the path, and is divided into two mahallas, the upper being inhabited by Mohamedans of the Shiah sect and the lower by Sunis. At the east end of the village there is an old ruined hamám, and the ziarat of Rishmail Sahib; north-west of the village on high dry ground, is an open orchard containing some fine chunar trees, it is called the Mirza Razza-ka-Bagh. Between Gúpakar and Drogún the path lies along the edge of the lake, and is mostly raised, but in places it is liable to be encroached upon by the waters of the lake when flooded.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Hari+Niwas/@34.0797689,74.8563123,783m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m15!1m8!3m7!1s0x38e18f6c01fa010b:0x1a8909c0b59503f3!2sGupkar+Rd,+Srinagar!3b1!8m2!3d34.0797689!4d74.8588872!16s%2Fg%2F1v4k4x15!3m5!1s0x38e18f79795a6253:0x743cce2a9bf39134!8m2!3d34.0786!4d74.859771!16s%2Fg%2F11rg1dynzh?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 34.083333, "source_longitude": 74.9, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 5'. Long. 74° 54'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "village", "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "religious_site", "garden" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village situated at south-east corner of the Dal lake" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "At the east end of the village there is an old ruined hamám" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "and the ziarat of Rishmail Sahib" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "north-west of the village on high dry ground, is an open orchard containing some fine chunar trees, it is called the Mirza Razza-ka-Bagh" } ], "feature_notes": "Village is the main place; ruins (ruined hamám), religious site (ziarat), and garden (orchard with named Bag) are physically part of the village.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gur", "historical_name": "GUR", "modern_name": "Gur", "pdf_page": 198, "pdf_viewer_page": 212, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, between Islamabad and Bij-Behára, just below the junction of a branch of the Lidar.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.766667, "source_longitude": 75.166667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 46'. Long. 75° 10'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Grue Kashmir tour and travels", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "r. Village. A village situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, between Islamabad and Bij-Behára, just below the j" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gurais", "historical_name": "GURAIS", "modern_name": "Gurez", "pdf_page": 198, "pdf_viewer_page": 212, "latitude": 34.6333, "longitude": 74.8333, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurez", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=34.6333,74.8333", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research: historical Gurais/Guráai maps to modern Gurez Valley/tehsil. Coordinates from Wikipedia; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A large valley, lying to the north of Kashmir, between longitude 74° 30' and 75° 10'; it is shaped somewhat like the letter W, the base and western arm being traversed by the Kishen Ganga river, and the eastern arm by the Búrzil stream. The main road, leading from Kashmir into the valley, crosses the Rajdiangan pass; the distance from Bandipúr, at the head of the Wular lake, to Kanzalwan, on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, being about 25 miles, which is usually divided into three stages.\n\nThe entrance to the valley is exceedingly picturesque, as the river comes dashing along through a rich meadow, partly covered with lindens, walnut, and willow trees, while the mountains on either side present nothing but a succession of most abrupt precipices, and Alpine ledges, covered with fir-trees. It is nowhere above a mile in width, and is surrounded on every side by lofty peaks, chiefly of mountain limestone, rising far above the limit of forest which covers their lower slopes.\n\nThe south-east end of the valley is occupied by a superb peak of mountain limestone, rising nearly 3,000 feet above it, and dividing the Tilail valley from that of Görais; to the north of this mountain is an immense mass of alluvium, which must once have choked up the entrance to the north-east end of the valley, and through which the Búrzil stream appears to have worn its way. This part of the valley, which lies north-east and south-west, is very narrow at its lower end. It is bounded by precipitous mountains, which are somewhat scantily fringed with forest, the greater part lying on the left bank of the stream.\n\nThe south portion of the valley about the fort is wide and level, and offers a beautiful prospect, the mountains on the south side being clothed with forest, while to the north they rise in precipitous masses of grey rock, with here and there a few pine trees. The scenery in the west portion of the valley between Kanzalwan and Sirdari is likewise very pleasing, the river winding amid dense forests of pine and cedar. The elevation of the bottom of the Gúrais valley is said to be higher than that of either Kashmir or of the Indus at Skardo. The high road to Skardo crosses the Kishen Ganga by a bridge at Kanzalwan, and lies uniformly along the right bank of the river.\n\nIt is repaired annually by the Maharajah's troops, preparatory to the despatch of commissariat stores for the frontier garrisons, and is consequently a good, and for the most part level road, quite practicable for laden animals and mountain artillery. A regular postal establishment is maintained on this road, but the intervals at which the mails are despatched are uncertain, during the summer months; the dâk runners are stationed in pairs, at 2 koss apart; but in winter parties of eight or ten men are located in stages of 5 koss; the line is worked as high up as the village of Dudgai by Gûrais men, and beyond that point by Tilailis. These men are said to be paid at the rate of Rs.\n\n6 (Kashmír currency) per mensem. The path from Gûrais to Tilail crosses the Bûrzil stream by a bridge at, or above, the village of Tsenil, and ascends the mountain, the distance from the fort to the Tilail valley being about 13 miles. From Kanzalwan in a westerly direction the path lies at first on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, crossing the river by the bridge between Bakhtoor and Thoaib; it then lies along the right bank as far as Sirdari, after passing which village it becomes impracticable.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurez", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "mountain", "river_or_lake", "forest", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "mountain", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "mountains on either side present nothing but a succession of most abrupt precipices, and Alpine ledges, covered with fir-trees" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the base and western arm being traversed by the Kishen Ganga river" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "mountains on the south side being clothed with forest" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "The main road, leading from Kashmir into the valley, crosses the Rajdiangan pass... The high road to Skardo crosses the Kishen Ganga by a bridge at Kanzalwan... It is repaired annually" } ], "feature_notes": "Gurais refers primarily to a large valley with prominent mountains as main feature. Valley contains forested mountain slopes, rivers, and a main road route. The main road crossing and post stations within the valley justify road_or_route tagging.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gur-2", "historical_name": "GUR", "modern_name": "Gur", "pdf_page": 199, "pdf_viewer_page": 213, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The inhabitants of the Gûrais valley do not present any striking difference in appearance to those of Kashmír. Their houses are built of unhewn timber, dove-tailed at the corners, the interstices being plastered with mud; they are built as close as possible to each other, for the sake of warmth and communication, and are usually disposed in squares facing inwards, a small aperture serving the triple purpose of door, window, and chimney. In some of the villages in the western portion of the valley, they are beginning to build houses of a more commodious pattern, copied from those in Kashmír. There is a great want of trees and shade about the villages, which is explained by the statement that the heavy load of snow by which they are weighed down in winter destroys them. The climate of the Gûrais valley is very rigorous, and the harvests scanty and uncertain; seasons of dearth, caused either by want of sun or rain, are not infrequent, but flocks and herds abound, and from their profits, the inhabitants are enabled to import grain in seasons of scarcity. The only crops grown in the valley are barley, peas, tromba and pinga, and of these there is but one harvest in the year. Besides willows, a few crab apples and pears are met with, and in the south and west portions of the valley walnut trees of scant dimension are found, but the fruit is said to be hard and small; in the west also strawberries are usually plentiful, and raspberries and wild currants are not uncommon. The aromatic plant, called burraia, is found in great quantities on the slopes of the mountains on the north side of the valley. It is of a whitish green color, very similar in appearance to the tetuan or wormwood, but rather larger; its roots, which are large and fibrous, are extensively used as fuel at elevations where wood is not procurable. Gûrais was originally governed by a nawab tributary to the Gaoram Rajas of Gilgit; the present Nawab, by name Malik Wuffadar, is the eighth or ninth of his family, who has borne the title in regular succession. His father, Malik Dilawar, having been invited to Srinagar by Shaikh Golam Maihiddin, the governor under the Sikh rule, was treacherously thrown into prison, from which he managed to effect his escape after a captivity of three years; he retired to the mountains north of the Kishen Ganga river, where he collected his followers, but the Sikh forces opposed to him, being vastly superior in numbers, he thought it prudent, when the flood subsided, rendering the passage of the river feasible, to withdraw to Gilgit, where he was eventually treacherously murdered; his son, the present nawab, was, at the time these events occurred, a hostage in the hands of Colonel Mian Singh, who had succeeded to the governorship of Kashmír. On attaining man's estate he took service under the Maharajah, and is now thandar of the valley his forefathers ruled. Malik Waffidar is an intelligent man of pleasing address; he has a son, Baktawar, a child of about five years of age. Gúrais is, most probably, the Urasa of the Rajah Tarngini. In Professor Wilson's History of Kashmír, we find the following:— \"Sancara Verma possibly thought he should divert the attention of his subjects to less unpopular occurrences by engaging them in military expeditions, for he is said now to have led an army to the north, where he subdued the people along the Indus, and entered the Urasa country, where he was shot in the neck with an arrow by a mountaineer. He was immediately put into a litter, and his death, which took place shortly afterwards, concealed from his troops, who were immediately marched back to Kashmír, with all possible expedition. They reached Holysaca, a place on the frontier, in six days, where being now out of danger they halted to perform the funeral obsequies of the monarch. He was consumed on a stately pile, three of his queens, a Pandit named Jaya Sinha, and two of his servants, burning themselves with the body.\" (Vigne.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Grue Kashmir tour and travels", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Gur. Village. The inhabitants of the Gûrais valley do not present any striking difference in appearance to those of" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gurais-2", "historical_name": "GURAIS", "modern_name": "Gurez", "pdf_page": 200, "pdf_viewer_page": 214, "latitude": 34.6327974, "longitude": 74.8307672, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurez", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Gurez+Valley+Bandipora/@34.6327974,74.8307672,1555m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e15d0066e18881:0x42a1bba9e67d21db!8m2!3d34.6331647!4d74.8317052!16s%2Fg%2F11vwzs8sry?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research: source describes the Gurez/Gurais fort within the valley; modern public source gives Gurez coordinates, not the exact historic fort mound, so this is weak pending review.", "blurb": "The Gúrais fort lies towards the east end of the southern portion of the valley, occupying the crest of a small mound, which rises about 80 feet from the level of the plain on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga. The mound which commands the passage of the bridge lies east and west, and is divided by a depression; the eastern portion, which is unoccupied, is less elevated than the western, on which the fort stands. The fort, which is a square enceinte with a bastion at each corner, is built of stone and cement, banded together with layers of timber at intervals; it is loopholed, and the bastions and parapet are roofed with shingles; the elevation of the connecting walls is about 15 feet.\n\nThere is no ditch round the fort; the entrance, which is surrounded by a wooden pavilion, being on the east side. The bastion at the north-east corner, overlooking the bridge, is the largest and strongest. The bridge is about 125 feet in span between the piers; the river is also fordable for horsemen, except during the melting of the snows. The fort, which is at present garrisoned by 30 sepoys, is the residence of Malik Waffidar, the descendant of the ancient Nawabs of the valley, and now Thanadar of Gúrais under the Maharajah's government; it also contains a government store-house in charge of a Pandit, from which travellers may procure supplies.\n\nA small stream, which flows down from the mountains on the south side of the valley, supplies the garrison with water, or it may be obtained from the Kishen Ganga, which flows beneath. The village of Murkot lies about 300 yards to the east of the fort.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Gurez+Valley+Bandipora/@34.6327974,74.8307672,1555m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e15d0066e18881:0x42a1bba9e67d21db!8m2!3d34.6331647!4d74.8317052!16s%2Fg%2F11vwzs8sry?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 34.633333, "source_longitude": 74.883333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 38'. Long. 74° 53'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "weak", "features": [ "fort", "bridge_or_ferry", "village" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "The Gúrais fort lies towards the east end of the southern portion of the valley... The fort... is a square enceinte with a bastion at each corner" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "The bridge is about 125 feet in span between the piers" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "The village of Murkot lies about 300 yards to the east of the fort" } ], "feature_notes": "Main subject is the fort on the mound; the bridge adjacent to the fort is part of the fort's control; nearby village is named but considered separate place about 300 yards east, so village not tagged as main feature but noted as adjacent.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gurnar", "historical_name": "GURNAR", "modern_name": "Gurnar", "pdf_page": 200, "pdf_viewer_page": 214, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the Shahabad valley, containing four houses, situated on the right bank of the Sándran river, about 2 miles south-east of Vernág, and almost opposite to Naogam.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.533333, "source_longitude": 75.316667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 32'. Long. 75° 19'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Shalimar Garden", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "r. Village. A small village in the Shahabad valley, containing four houses, situated on the right bank of the Sándra" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gurp-r", "historical_name": "GURPÚR", "modern_name": "Gurpúr", "pdf_page": 200, "pdf_viewer_page": 214, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, between Awantipúr and Pampúr.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.95, "source_longitude": 75.033333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 57'. Long. 75° 2'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Yousmarg", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "úr. Village. A village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, between Awantipúr and Pampúr." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gur-kot", "historical_name": "GURÚKOT", "modern_name": "Gurúkot", "pdf_page": 200, "pdf_viewer_page": 214, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the right bank of the Búrzil stream, towards the north-east end of the Gúrais valley; it contains four houses; the neighbouring hamlets of Kamri and Thulli, which contain one and two houses respectively, are considered to form part of the same village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.716667, "source_longitude": 74.983333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 43'. Long. 74° 59'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "t. Village. A village situated on the right bank of the Búrzil stream, towards the north-east end of the Gúrais va" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gusanaji-teng", "historical_name": "GUSANAJI TENG", "modern_name": "Gusanaji Teng", "pdf_page": 201, "pdf_viewer_page": 215, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Hamal pargana, where there are three sacred wells, or springs, Rama Kond, Sita Kond, and Lachman Kond; it is situated on the slopes of the mountain just north of Baramula. (Elmslie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.216667, "source_longitude": 74.366667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 13'. Long. 74° 22'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "ana, where there are three sacred wells, or springs, Rama Kond, Sita Kond, and Lachman Kond; it is situated on the sl" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gutalgund", "historical_name": "GUTALGUND", "modern_name": "Gutalgund", "pdf_page": 201, "pdf_viewer_page": 215, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village in the Shahabad valley, situated about a mile west of Vernag. About 200 yards beyond the village, the famous Vetarittar springs rise in some pools by the side of the path.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.55, "source_longitude": 75.283333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 33'. Long. 75° 17'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kashmir gulmarg", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "spring", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "d. Village. A large village in the Shahabad valley, situated about a mile west of Vernag. About 200 yards beyond the" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "s beyond the village, the famous Vetarittar springs rise in some pools by the side of the path." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "rings rise in some pools by the side of the path." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gutilbagh", "historical_name": "GUTILBAGH", "modern_name": "Gutilbagh", "pdf_page": 201, "pdf_viewer_page": 215, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated near the left bank of the Sind river, at the western extremity of the valley, about 15 miles north of Srinagar.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.266667, "source_longitude": 74.866667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 16'. Long. 74° 52'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Gotli Bagh", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": ". Village. A village situated near the left bank of the Sind river, at the western extremity of the valley, about" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "gutru", "historical_name": "GUTRU", "modern_name": "Gutru", "pdf_page": 201, "pdf_viewer_page": 215, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A hamlet prettily situated towards the south side of the Narastan Nai, about midway between the villages of Narastan and Sutira; it is supplied with water by a rill flowing from the mountains to the east. This village has lately been deserted by its inhabitants, only two families remaining.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.05, "source_longitude": 75.133333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 3'. Long. 75° 8'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Grue Kashmir tour and travels", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hadipura", "historical_name": "HADIPURA", "modern_name": "Hadi Pora", "pdf_page": 201, "pdf_viewer_page": 215, "latitude": 34.2770608, "longitude": 74.4190916, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=18019524124538191639&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 candidate batch: Historical Hadipura is the tehsil village of Hamal pargana; modern Hadi Pora/Hadipora in the Baramulla/Rafiabad belt preserves the name and administrative setting. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A village in the Hamal pargana, of which it is the tehsil station.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=18019524124538191639&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.3, "source_longitude": 74.433333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 18'. Long. 74° 26'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJNRWSuLwI4TgRFz-uQLg1Evo", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "town" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "ge in the Hamal pargana, of which it is the tehsil station." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hadjibal", "historical_name": "HADJIBAL", "modern_name": "Hadjibal", "pdf_page": 201, "pdf_viewer_page": 215, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, between Awuntipur and Pampir.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.966667, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 58'. Long. 75°. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Aharbal Waterfall", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "al. Village. A village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, between Awuntipur and Pampir." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hahagam", "historical_name": "HAHAGAM", "modern_name": "Hahagam", "pdf_page": 201, "pdf_viewer_page": 215, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the Machhipura pargana, distant one day's march from Chogal. (Vigne.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.4, "source_longitude": 74.233333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 24'. Long. 74° 14'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Pahalgam", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "n the Machhipura pargana, distant one day's march from Chogal. (Vigne.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hairewanyen", "historical_name": "HAIREWANYEN", "modern_name": "Hairewanyen", "pdf_page": 201, "pdf_viewer_page": 215, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the Dansi pargana, inhabited by Pathans in the military service of the Maharajah, who pay neither rent nor taxes.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.966667, "source_longitude": 74.683333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 58'. Long. 74° 41'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Harwan srinagar", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hairbal-ki-galli", "historical_name": "HAIRBAL KI GALLI", "modern_name": "Hairbal Ki Galli", "pdf_page": 201, "pdf_viewer_page": 215, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A pass lying over the mountain range between the northern extremity of the Kuthar pargana and the Maru Wardwan valley. It is crossed by a foot-path, which is but little used, being, as its name implies, very steep, hair, signifying in the Kashmiri language a ladder.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.833333, "source_longitude": 75.466667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 50'. Long. 75° 28'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Pass / route", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "admin_status: Pass / route" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "of the Kuthar pargana and the Maru Wardwan valley. It is crossed by a foot-path, which is but little used, being, a" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "HAIRBAL KI GALLI. Hairbal Ki Galli. Pass / route. A pass lying over the mountain range between the northern extrem" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hairmuttu", "historical_name": "HAIRMUTTU", "modern_name": "Hairmuttu", "pdf_page": 201, "pdf_viewer_page": 215, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village, situated at the foot of the mountains on the west side of the Nowbug valley, above the right bank of the stream, about a mile north of Bummutlu. It contains a masjid, and six houses inhabited by zemindars, and is shaded by some very fine trees.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.7, "source_longitude": 75.45, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 42'. Long. 75° 27'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "out a mile north of Bummutlu. It contains a masjid, and six houses inhabited by zemindars, and is shaded by some ver" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "he mountains on the west side of the Nowbug valley, above the right bank of the stream, about a mile north of Bummut" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hajan", "historical_name": "HAJAN", "modern_name": "Hajan", "pdf_page": 201, "pdf_viewer_page": 215, "latitude": 34.298183, "longitude": 74.613691, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=10832018597478276970&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Hajan 193501. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A large village in the Saremouzujin pargana, situated on the left bank of the Jhelam. The ruins above the village indicate that it was once a place of importance. Just above it there are some shady trees with suitable ground for encamping. From Hajan a boat occupies about 12 hours in reaching Srinagar, and eight on the return journey.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=10832018597478276970&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.3, "source_longitude": 74.666667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 18'. Long. 74° 40'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJTx94Hul04TgRah8eH4YPU5Y", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A large village in the Saremouzujin pargana" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "The ruins above the village indicate that it was once a place of importance" } ], "feature_notes": "Village with ruins physically present above it.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hajin-r", "historical_name": "HAJINĀR", "modern_name": "Hajinar", "pdf_page": 202, "pdf_viewer_page": 216, "latitude": 34.4008718, "longitude": 73.8816001, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=14030497383596086075&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Hajinar 193225. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village situated on a branch of the Shamshabari stream, at the north-east end of the Karnav valley, opposite Dúmba. It lies about 10 miles east of Títwal, on the road towards Shalfúrah, near the foot of the Nattihannar and Kukwa Galli passes, leading into Kashmír. There are a few willow and other trees about the village, which produces both rice and corn. It contains six houses inhabited by Kashmírí zemindars. Coolies and some supplies are obtainable.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=14030497383596086075&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.4, "source_longitude": 73.933333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 24'.\tLong. 73° 56'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJz0AevX3r4DgRO9NKmwhXtsI", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village situated on a branch of the Shamshabari stream" } ], "feature_notes": "No other physical features described at the place itself.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "haji-pir", "historical_name": "HAJI PIR", "modern_name": "Haji Pir Pass", "pdf_page": 202, "pdf_viewer_page": 216, "latitude": 33.9666667, "longitude": 74.0833333, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Haji_Pir_Pass_(1965)", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=5131917723161884969&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research confirmed prior Google candidate: source describes Haji Pir pass between Poonch and the Jhelum valley. Existing Google pin kept for precision; review before finalizing.", "blurb": "A pass lying over the range of mountains between Púnch and the valley of the Jhelam. The southern face of the mountain is bare of trees, but on the north the path lies through dense forests; the summit of the ridge is covered with grass, and is tolerably level for about a quarter of a mile. The ascent of the pass from the south is about 3 miles, and is tolerably smooth, but rather steep in places; the descent on the other side is about half a mile longer, becoming rougher and steeper as it proceeds, and in some parts is a mere passage between the hard rocks. There is a stone hut on the top, which is occupied in summer by a fakir. About a mile on the north side of the summit, and 20 yards from the right of the road, there is a spring, and near it there are some ruins of an old temple. The Haji Pir pass is open all the year round. (Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=5131917723161884969&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.966667, "source_longitude": 74.116667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 58'.\tLong. 74° 7'.\tElev. 8,500 feet.", "admin_status": "Lake / spring / water site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJmQULWklO4DgRKXmYqfo7OEc", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 82, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "pass", "spring", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "A pass lying over the range of mountains between Púnch and the valley of the Jhelam" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "About a mile on the north side of the summit, and 20 yards from the right of the road, there is a spring" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "near it there are some ruins of an old temple" } ], "feature_notes": "Pass is the main entry; spring and temple ruins physically at or very near the pass summit.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "haklitri", "historical_name": "HAKLITRI", "modern_name": "Haklitri", "pdf_page": 202, "pdf_viewer_page": 216, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Dansú pargana, situated on the direct path between Srinagar and Drang, leading towards the Tosha maïdán pass.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.983333, "source_longitude": 74.666667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 59'.\tLong. 74° 40'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Hari Parbat", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "and Drang, leading towards the Tosha maïdán pass." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "n the Dansú pargana, situated on the direct path between Srinagar and Drang, leading towards the Tosha maïdán pass" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hal-or-halu", "historical_name": "HAL or HALU", "modern_name": "Hal Or Halu", "pdf_page": 202, "pdf_viewer_page": 216, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated in the Shahabad valley, some little distance from the left bank of the Sámdran river. It contains eight houses inhabited by zemindars, and is separated from the village of Ingrawara, lying just to the south-east, by a mountain torrent.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.483333, "source_longitude": 75.366667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 29'.\tLong. 75° 22'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Village. A village situated in the Shahabad valley, some little distance from the left bank of the Sámdran river. It" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "halamol", "historical_name": "HALAMOL", "modern_name": "Halamol", "pdf_page": 202, "pdf_viewer_page": 216, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Sarmozebala pargana, situated amid trees on the right bank of the Jhelam, between Bij Behára and Awantipúr.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.833333, "source_longitude": 75.1, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 50'.\tLong. 75° 6'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "a pargana, situated amid trees on the right bank of the Jhelam, between Bij Behára and Awantipúr." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "h-l-n", "historical_name": "HĀLĀN", "modern_name": "Hālān", "pdf_page": 202, "pdf_viewer_page": 216, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A pass over the Pansál range, between the Shahabad valley and Banihál. The path leaves the Shahabad valley by the village of Saogún, and following the course of the Hálan stream crosses the pass, joining the Banihál route near the village of that name. This pass is described as being steep and rough, and is not much used, except by shepherds.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.466667, "source_longitude": 75.3, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 28'.\tLong. 75° 18'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Harwan Garden", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "HĀLĀN. Hālān. Village. A pass over the Pansál range, between the Shahabad valley and Banihál. T" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "over the Pansál range, between the Shahabad valley and Banihál. The path leaves the Shahabad valley by the village o" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "etween the Shahabad valley and Banihál. The path leaves the Shahabad valley by the village of Saogún, and followin" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "h-l-n-2", "historical_name": "HĀLĀN", "modern_name": "Hālān", "pdf_page": 202, "pdf_viewer_page": 216, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Peristán valley, containing three houses; it lies due west of the village of Shihbal, along the right bank of a torrent, which flowing from the mountains on the north, empties itself into the Peristán stream.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.166667, "source_longitude": 75.366667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 10'.\tLong. 75° 22'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Harwan Garden", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": ". Hālān. Village. A village in the Peristán valley, containing three houses; it lies due west of the village of Shih" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "h-lanuar", "historical_name": "HĀLANUAR", "modern_name": "Hālanuar", "pdf_page": 202, "pdf_viewer_page": 216, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village containing five houses shaded by fine trees, situated on a table-land at the mouth of a valley opening into the east side of the Kuthár pargana. The inhabitants are all Mohammedans of the Sháh sect. There is said to be a path from this village over the mountains by the Chúr Nág lake, leading into the Maru Wardwan valley.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.766667, "source_longitude": 75.383333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 46'.\tLong. 75° 23'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Hajan Valley", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "situated on a table-land at the mouth of a valley opening into the east side of the Kuthár pargana. The inhabitants" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ans of the Sháh sect. There is said to be a path from this village over the mountains by the Chúr Nág lake, leadin" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "halkan-galli", "historical_name": "HALKAN GALLI", "modern_name": "Halkan Galli", "pdf_page": 203, "pdf_viewer_page": 217, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A pathway lying over the range of mountains between the Kuthár pargana and the Nowbúg Nai. The distance between the villages of Shágnus and Nowbúg by this road is said to be 6 koss, passing en route Watras, Brarangan, and Halan.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "HALKAN GALLI. Halkan Galli. Village. A pathway lying over the range of mountai" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "the villages of Shágnus and Nowbúg by this road is said to be 6 koss, passing en route Watras, Brarangan, and Hal" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "halmathan", "historical_name": "HALMATHAN", "modern_name": "Halmathan", "pdf_page": 203, "pdf_viewer_page": 217, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Gúrais valley, situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river, about 3 miles north-west of Thaobut. The greater part of it is built on the left bank of a considerable stream which flows into the Kishen Ganga; there are one or two houses on the right bank of the stream, which is crossed by a bridge; there is another smaller bridge a little higher up. The inhabitants comprise eight families of zemindars, a mulla, a shepherd, and a butcher; there is a masjid in the village, and a mill. When the crops are in the ground, the choice of a site for encamping is very limited; there is a narrow space available in the bed of the stream at the north end of the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.75, "source_longitude": 74.716667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 45'. Long. 74° 43'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "ulla, a shepherd, and a butcher; there is a masjid in the village, and a mill. When the crops are in the ground, the" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Halmathan. Village. A village in the Gúrais valley, situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river, about 3 mi" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "t bank of the stream, which is crossed by a bridge; there is another smaller bridge a little higher up. The inhabita" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "haluni", "historical_name": "HALUNI", "modern_name": "Haluni", "pdf_page": 203, "pdf_viewer_page": 217, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A stream which takes its rise in the Kund Kaplas tarns, and from the drainage on the north side of the Chatar­dhar mountain, it flows in a northerly direction, and after a course of about 12 miles, empties itself into the Nerri river, at the village of Monda, lat. 32° 57', long. 75° 46', a few miles above Badrawár. The path over the Chatardhar pass lies by the banks of this stream for a considerable distance; it is an impetuous torrent of cold clear water, and is bridged above the village of Basti, at Nalti, and at Monda, just above its confluence with the Nerri. There are also the ruins of a bridge at the village of Sartangal, where the stream, which is not fordable, may still be crossed by foot passengers by a series of planks and trunks of trees. The name of this stream signifies 'rejoicing,' and is supposed to be descriptive of the feelings of those who reach its banks after braving the dangers of the pass down which it flows.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Haluni", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "bove Badrawár. The path over the Chatardhar pass lies by the banks of this stream for a considerable distance; it" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "HALUNI. Haluni. Village. A stream which takes its rise in the Kund Kaplas tarns, and from the drain" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "th the Nerri. There are also the ruins of a bridge at the village of Sartangal, where the stream, which is not forda" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "g. 75° 46', a few miles above Badrawár. The path over the Chatardhar pass lies by the banks of this stream for a c" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "nfluence with the Nerri. There are also the ruins of a bridge at the village of Sartangal, where the stream, which" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "halwagan", "historical_name": "HALWAGAN", "modern_name": "Halwagan", "pdf_page": 203, "pdf_viewer_page": 217, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Banihál district, situated on the left bank of the Bichlári river, just above the junction of the waters of the Pogal and Peristán streams. It is composed of detached hamlets. (Forster.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.333333, "source_longitude": 75.25, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 20'. Long. 75° 15'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Harwan Garden", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the Banihál district, situated on the left bank of the Bichlári river, just above the junction of the waters of" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hamai", "historical_name": "HAMAI", "modern_name": "Hamai", "pdf_page": 203, "pdf_viewer_page": 217, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A pargana in the Kamráj division; it was severed from Uttar, and constituted a separate pargana during the Sikh occupation of Kashmír. The tehsil station is at Hadipúra. It is a well watered district, very rich in its produce of rice, and when surveyed between the years 1856 and 1860, was estimated to contain 42 villages and 368 houses. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "town" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "during the Sikh occupation of Kashmír. The tehsil station is at Hadipúra. It is a well watered district, very rich in its p" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "handumongur", "historical_name": "HANDUMONGUR", "modern_name": "Handumongur", "pdf_page": 203, "pdf_viewer_page": 217, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A mountain valley in Gúrais, situated on the right bank of the Búzil stream, north-east of the Rajdiangan pass. The name of this valley, which in the Kashmíri language means 'the ram and the kid,' is derived from a legend, which relates that some 300 years ago, a shepherd tending his flocks on these mountains lost a ram and a kid, for which he searched diligently, but unsuccessfully; returning to the same spot the succeeding summer, he found them miraculously increased in size and unharmed by wild beasts or the rigours of the winter.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Handwara, Kashmir J&K", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "pass" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "Búzil stream, north-east of the Rajdiangan pass. The name of this valley, which in the Kashmíri language means 't" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "handwara", "historical_name": "HANDWARA", "modern_name": "Handwara", "pdf_page": 204, "pdf_viewer_page": 218, "latitude": 34.4060824, "longitude": 74.2621382, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handwara", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Handwara+193221/@34.4060824,74.2621382,6276m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m15!1m8!3m7!1s0x38e11cede799fc8d:0x37953ecde7a3233c!2sHandwara+193221!3b1!8m2!3d34.3996158!4d74.2817479!16zL20vMGY0eWt2!3m5!1s0x38e11cede799fc8d:0x37953ecde7a3233c!8m2!3d34.3996158!4d74.2817479!16zL20vMGY0eWt2?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Handwara 193221. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village in the Machhipûrâ pargana, of which it is the tehsîl station.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Handwara+193221/@34.4060824,74.2621382,6276m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m15!1m8!3m7!1s0x38e11cede799fc8d:0x37953ecde7a3233c!2sHandwara+193221!3b1!8m2!3d34.3996158!4d74.2817479!16zL20vMGY0eWt2!3m5!1s0x38e11cede799fc8d:0x37953ecde7a3233c!8m2!3d34.3996158!4d74.2817479!16zL20vMGY0eWt2?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 34.4, "source_longitude": 74.316667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 24'. Long. 74° 19'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJjfyZ5-0c4TgRPCOj580-lTc", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in the Machhipûrâ pargana" } ], "feature_notes": "No other features described at the place itself.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hangray", "historical_name": "HANGRAY", "modern_name": "Hangray", "pdf_page": 204, "pdf_viewer_page": 218, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "Situated on the right bank of the Bûrzil stream, in the north-east portion of the Gûrâis valley; there is said to be no village here—merely a government store-house.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.7, "source_longitude": 74.983333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 42'. Long. 74° 59'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "AY. Hangray. Village. Situated on the right bank of the Bûrzil stream, in the north-east portion of the Gûrâis val" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hangulg-nd", "historical_name": "HANGULGÛND", "modern_name": "Hangalgund", "pdf_page": 204, "pdf_viewer_page": 218, "latitude": 33.6006475, "longitude": 75.2785302, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8551788123212650036&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Hangalgund 192202. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village in the Bring pargana, situated on the path from Sof towards Vernâg.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8551788123212650036&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.6, "source_longitude": 75.333333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 36'. Long. 75° 20'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJCRhxNb31HTkRNJZ-Hv0NrnY", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "llage in the Bring pargana, situated on the path from Sof towards Vernâg." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hanjik", "historical_name": "HANJIK", "modern_name": "Hanjik", "pdf_page": 204, "pdf_viewer_page": 218, "latitude": 34.0802466, "longitude": 74.735565, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Imam+bada/@34.0802466,74.735565,783m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e19b74e020fce7:0xc65c3372578ec83!8m2!3d34.0802478!4d74.7347924!16s%2Fg%2F11rxhwdmyy?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 4: Historical Hanjik lies east of Syug on the road toward Srinagar at the edge of a morass; existing Hanjik candidate in the Srinagar/Budgam valley fringe retained as the strongest modern match.", "blurb": "A village lying at the foot of a wular about 2 miles east of Syûg, on the road towards Srinagar. It contains eight houses, and is situated to the south of the path, at the edge of a morass.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Imam+bada/@34.0802466,74.735565,783m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e19b74e020fce7:0xc65c3372578ec83!8m2!3d34.0802478!4d74.7347924!16s%2Fg%2F11rxhwdmyy?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 34.083333, "source_longitude": 74.783333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 5'. Long. 74° 47'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ9xKpWICa4TgRUlyZKMnJW9A", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 91, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village lying at the foot of a wular about 2 miles east of Syûg" } ], "feature_notes": "Village is the place itself; no direct features of lake or road tagged since these are geographic context not physically described as part of the village.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hanjip-r", "historical_name": "HANJIPÛR", "modern_name": "Hanjipûr", "pdf_page": 204, "pdf_viewer_page": 218, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A considerable village in the Diosur pargana, containing about 40 houses; it is prettily situated on high ground at the mouth of the Kol Narawa valley, overlooking the Veshau river and the vale of Kashmir. There is a path from the village leading to the Golâbgarh pass.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.616667, "source_longitude": 74.966667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 37'. Long. 74° 58'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Jammu and Kashmir", "no_match_score": -3, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "town", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "HANJIPÛR. Hanjipûr. Village. A considerable village in the Diosur pargana, containing about 40 houses; it is prettily" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "h from the village leading to the Golâbgarh pass." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "high ground at the mouth of the Kol Narawa valley, overlooking the Veshau river and the vale of Kashmir. There is a" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "u river and the vale of Kashmir. There is a path from the village leading to the Golâbgarh pass." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hanssahutur", "historical_name": "HANSSAHUTUR", "modern_name": "Hanssahutur", "pdf_page": 204, "pdf_viewer_page": 218, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the Bring river, just above its junction with the Arpat, near Islamabad. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.733333, "source_longitude": 75.166667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 44'. Long. 75° 10'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Haseen Kashmir Holidays", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ur. Village. A village situated on the left bank of the Bring river, just above its junction with the Arpat, near" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hansweir", "historical_name": "HANSWEIR", "modern_name": "Hansweir", "pdf_page": 204, "pdf_viewer_page": 218, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village situated on both banks of a considerable stream, which is crossed by a good bridge; it lies about 2 miles south-east of Patan, on the road towards Srinagar. That part of the village situated on the right bank of the stream is called Petpûra; it contains the ziarat of Syud Mobarak, and 20 houses inhabited by shâl-bâfs, 30 zemindars, including a bunnia, a carpenter, leather-worker, a mullah, and dûn, and six Pandits, with which latter exception, all the inhabitants are Mohamedans. The division on the left bank of the stream, which is shaded by some fine chunar trees, is called Bunpûra; it contains a masjid, and 40 families of zemindars and 20 shâl-bâfs; all the inhabitants of this part of the village are Mohamedans of the Shiah sect. Rice is extensively cultivated around the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.133333, "source_longitude": 74.633333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 8'. Long. 74° 38'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "e stream is called Petpûra; it contains the ziarat of Syud Mobarak, and 20 houses inhabited by shâl-bâfs, 30 zeminda" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ge situated on both banks of a considerable stream, which is crossed by a good bridge; it lies about 2 miles south-e" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "iderable stream, which is crossed by a good bridge; it lies about 2 miles south-east of Patan, on the road towards S" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "s about 2 miles south-east of Patan, on the road towards Srinagar. That part of the village situated on the right" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hanti", "historical_name": "HANTI", "modern_name": "Hanti", "pdf_page": 204, "pdf_viewer_page": 218, "latitude": 34.7598735, "longitude": 74.6374814, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=16395357207306286469&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 6: Historical Hanti is a Gurez stream joining the Kishenganga near 34°46′N, 74°41′E opposite Sirlari; existing Hanti candidate is close to that source coordinate and retained.", "blurb": "A stream in Gûrais, which flows through a narrow valley between the Geshart and Naosher ranges, which lie respectively east and west of its bed; they are very steep, but mostly covered with grass and forest. The stream, which flows in a northerly direction, may, it is stated, be traced down its course to its confluence with the Kishen Ganga river on the left bank, in latitude 34° 46', longitude 74° 41', nearly opposite to the village of Sirlari, at the western extremity of the Gûrais valley.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=16395357207306286469&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ-bA-pX9I4TgRhbUhg4MCiOM", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 93, "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "A stream in Gûrais, which flows through a narrow valley" } ], "feature_notes": "Entry is the stream itself.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "haramuk", "historical_name": "HARAMUK", "modern_name": "Harmukh", "pdf_page": 204, "pdf_viewer_page": 218, "latitude": 34.40388889, "longitude": 74.90194444, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haramukh", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2715956054634880594&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-04 candidate batch: Historical Haramuk is the celebrated mountain north of Srinagar; modern Harmukh/Haramukh is the same peak. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A celebrated mountain on the north east side of the valley of Kashmir, lying almost due north of Srinagar; it may be approached by a path from the Sind valley. There is also a good road from the Khuihama district, running along the side of the opposite range, and crossing the Erin nalla due west of Haramuk; the stream where the road crosses is not fordable, but in the summer there is usually a badly constructed bridge, barely safe for foot passengers; but lower down, after passing the village of Samba, it is practicable, and is frequently bridged. It is about three marches for laden coolies, but a man walking may reach easily in two days. Haramuk and the surrounding high hills are seldom visible in the day time, and it is only an hour before sunset and very early in the morning that they can usually be seen. On the east and west sides, the mountain is one continued white glacier. The name of this mountain signifies all mouths or faces, and is so called either from the square-sided rick-shaped figure of its summit, or from its being visible from all sides by reason of its isolated situation and superior height. Vigne remarks, with reference to its geological formation, that besides the basaltic amygdaloid so common in Kashmir, he found granite, but not in situ. The immense accidental blocks of granite in the Baramúla pass would seem, from their relative position and the course of the river, to have passed over Haramuk, and been transported to their present place by the agency of the deluge. (Vigne—Journal of Asiatic Society.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2715956054634880594", "source_latitude": 34.4, "source_longitude": 74.95, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 24'. Long. 74° 57'. Elev. 16,903 feet.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJaS1_a1R84TgRUl4VVqQDsSU", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 72, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "mountain", "road_or_route", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "mountain", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "A celebrated mountain on the north east side of the valley of Kashmir" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "There is also a good road from the Khuihama district" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "in the summer there is usually a badly constructed bridge, barely safe for foot passengers" } ], "feature_notes": "Mountain is main feature; road and bridge described as physically part of approach to mountain summit.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hargam", "historical_name": "HARGAMÚ", "modern_name": "Hargamú", "pdf_page": 205, "pdf_viewer_page": 219, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the Bring pargana, situated near the celebrated springs of the Kukur Nág. (Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.583333, "source_longitude": 75.35, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 35'. Long. 75° 21'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ed near the celebrated springs of the Kukur Nág. (Ince.)" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "Bring pargana, situated near the celebrated springs of the Kukur Nág. (Ince.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "harirat", "historical_name": "HARIRAT", "modern_name": "Harirat", "pdf_page": 205, "pdf_viewer_page": 219, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A hamlet in the Porospúr pargana, containing two houses inhabited by zemindars, and a bunnià's shop, shaded by a chunnar tree. It is situated on the left bank of the Suknág, where the road from Srinagar to Patan crosses it by a good kadal bridge. The stream, which is not usually fordable, is about 100 feet broad with high banks. The buttresses at either end of the bridge are of stone, for which a neighbouring ruin has supplied the materials. This ruin, of which only the plinth now remains, is situated on the right bank of the river, close to the west of the path; it would appear to have been a Hindu temple of similar design to other existing remains. The Harirat bridge lies about 4 miles east of Patan, and 12 miles north-west of Srinagar; from the right bank of the stream a path lies over the table-lands in a north-easterly direction, towards Shadípúr, on the Jhelam.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.15, "source_longitude": 74.666667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 9'. Long. 74° 40'. Elev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "village", "religious_site", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "HARIRAT. Harirat. River / watercourse. A hamlet in the Porospúr pargana, containing two houses inhabited by zemin" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "path; it would appear to have been a Hindu temple of similar design to other existing remains. The Harirat bridge l" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "from Srinagar to Patan crosses it by a good kadal bridge. The stream, which is not usually fordable, is about 100 f" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "d on the left bank of the Suknág, where the road from Srinagar to Patan crosses it by a good kadal bridge. The str" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "idge are of stone, for which a neighbouring ruin has supplied the materials. This ruin, of which only the plinth n" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "harkartand", "historical_name": "HARKARTAND", "modern_name": "Harkartand", "pdf_page": 205, "pdf_viewer_page": 219, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A fort in the Banihál district, situated on a ridge above the left bank of the Bichlári river, east of Ramsí; it is said to have a garrison of 10 sepoys. The path from the Shahabad valley by the Rahmúr pass is said to join the Banihál route below this fort.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.35, "source_longitude": 75.283333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 21'. Long. 75° 17'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kaar Kash", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "fort", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "fort in the Banihál district, situated on a ridge above the left bank of the Bichlári river, east of Ramsí; it is s" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "istrict, situated on a ridge above the left bank of the Bichlári river, east of Ramsí; it is said to have a garris" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "s said to have a garrison of 10 sepoys. The path from the Shahabad valley by the Rahmúr pass is said to join the B" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "harnag", "historical_name": "HARNAG", "modern_name": "Harnag", "pdf_page": 205, "pdf_viewer_page": 219, "latitude": 33.7380598, "longitude": 75.1217002, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13948492128353826823&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 2: Historical Harnag is west of Islamabad/Anantnag above the Khanabal bridge on the Jhelum; existing Harnag, Anantnag candidate retained.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, just above the Kanabal bridge, to the west of Islamabad.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13948492128353826823&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.75, "source_longitude": 75.166667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 45'. Long. 75° 10'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ-ZqWFgYF4jgRB7jcPrD_ksE", "finalized": false, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 93, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ag. Village. A village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, just above the Kanabal bridge, to the west of Isla" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "bank of the Jhelam, just above the Kanabal bridge, to the west of Islamabad." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "harog", "historical_name": "HAROG", "modern_name": "Harog", "pdf_page": 205, "pdf_viewer_page": 219, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A castle in the Batal district, situated on the right bank of the Chandra Bhága, a few miles below the junction of the Bichlári. It is placed in a ravine on the banks of the Chenj stream, just before it joins the Chenáb, by which means it commands the path. Its appearance, being built chiefly of wood, and its situation, are different from any other in the country; and in the latter respect it reminds the traveller rather of a turreted residence by the side of a trout stream in England. On ascending the hill opposite to it, the channel of the Chenáb is seen approaching from Doda, in a straight line of 15 or 20 miles in length, forming a fine view. (Vigne.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.233333, "source_longitude": 75.166667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 14'. Long 75° 10'. Elev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Harwan Garden", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "serai", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "y; and in the latter respect it reminds the traveller rather of a turreted residence by the side of a trout stream in E" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "the Chenáb, by which means it commands the path. Its appearance, being built chiefly of wood, and its situation," } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "harpatnar", "historical_name": "HARPATNAR", "modern_name": "Harpatnar", "pdf_page": 205, "pdf_viewer_page": 219, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated at the north-east end of the Khorpara pargana. Its proper name would seem to be Hapat Nág, or the bear's spring. It lies at the extremity of a strath covered with the wildest jungle. The place is remarkable for its copper mine, which formerly gave employment to numbers of workmen. When Vigne visited the mines, the principal one extended into the quartzose rock, for not more than 25 yards; the interior was much coloured by a nitrate of copper. During the summer, Basman, in the Maru Wardwan valley, may be reached by a footpath from this village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.833333, "source_longitude": 75.383333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 50'. Long. 75° 23'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Aharbal Waterfall", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ana. Its proper name would seem to be Hapat Nág, or the bear's spring. It lies at the extremity of a strath cover" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "e would seem to be Hapat Nág, or the bear's spring. It lies at the extremity of a strath covered with the wildest ju" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "harpetkai", "historical_name": "HARPETKAI", "modern_name": "Harpetkai", "pdf_page": 206, "pdf_viewer_page": 220, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A mountain torrent, which takes its rise on the slopes of the water-shed between Púchh and the valley of the Jhelam; it flows in a northerly direction, and empties itself into the Jhelam, in lat. 34° 8', long. 74° 13', between Naoshera and Uri. The road along the valley of the Jhelam is carried across the Harpetkai by a bridge, at a spot where the torrent has carved for itself a deep passage through the solid rock.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Pass / route", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "admin_status: Pass / route" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "PETKAI. Harpetkai. Pass / route. A mountain torrent, which takes its rise on the slopes of the water-shed between Púc" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "Jhelam is carried across the Harpetkai by a bridge, at a spot where the torrent has carved for itself a deep passage" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "HARPETKAI. Harpetkai. Pass / route. A mountain torrent, which takes its rise on the slopes of the wa" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "harran", "historical_name": "HARRAN", "modern_name": "Harran", "pdf_page": 206, "pdf_viewer_page": 220, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village containing two houses, situated on the edge of the Hokar Sár morass, to the east of Sybúg.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.066667, "source_longitude": 74.75, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 4'. Long. 74° 45. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "uses, situated on the edge of the Hokar Sár morass, to the east of Sybúg." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "harridana", "historical_name": "HARRIDANA", "modern_name": "Harridana", "pdf_page": 206, "pdf_viewer_page": 220, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A hamlet in the Uttar pargana. The traveller Forster, who spent the night here on the 13th June 1783, on his way to Mozafarábad, says it was then situated 3 miles within the boundary of the province of Kashmír.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.466667, "source_longitude": 74.166667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 28'. Long. 74° 10'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "serai", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "serai", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "HARRIDANA. Harridana. Gazetteer entry. A hamlet in the Uttar pargana. The traveller Forster, who spent the night" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "r entry. A hamlet in the Uttar pargana. The traveller Forster, who spent the night here on the 13th June 1783, on his w" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "r entry. A hamlet in the Uttar pargana. The traveller Forster, who spent the night here on the 13th June 1783, on his w" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "harrikan-galli", "historical_name": "HARRIKAN GALLI", "modern_name": "Harrikan Galli", "pdf_page": 206, "pdf_viewer_page": 220, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "One of the three pathways from the village of Shángas, which lie over the range between the Kuthár pargana and the Nowbúg Nai. It is the best of all the roads leading into the Nowbúg valley; the slopes, both in ascending and descending, are very gradual, generally not more than 4 or 5 in 100 feet. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "HARRIKAN GALLI. Harrikan Galli. Village. One of the three pathways from the vill" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "st of all the roads leading into the Nowbúg valley; the slopes, both in ascending and descending, are very gradual," } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "harwin", "historical_name": "HARWIN", "modern_name": "Harwin", "pdf_page": 206, "pdf_viewer_page": 220, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Zainagir pargana, situated at the foot of the range which divides that pargana from the Loláb valley, it is distant about 9 miles north of Sopúr, and 8 miles south of Lalpúr, on a good path which crosses the range of hills to the north of the village, which are of no great elevation. There are about 20 houses in the village, the inhabitants being both zemindars and miners. The ore is found in the mountain side at Yimbarzlewon, about 2 koss distant from Harwin; but all the hills about are said to have more or less iron. The mines are only worked during the summer months, and the out-turn is very small and of inferior quality, amounting, it is stated, to only three kharwárs (432 lbs) annually, of which the government takes two-thirds, at the rate of Rs. 16 for each kharwár, the remainder being disposed of locally, at the rate of five seers for the rupee (Kashmír currency).", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.4, "source_longitude": 74.466667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 24'. Long. 74° 28'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "inagir pargana, situated at the foot of the range which divides that pargana from the Loláb valley, it is distant a" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "e which divides that pargana from the Loláb valley, it is distant about 9 miles north of Sopúr, and 8 miles south of" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "púr, and 8 miles south of Lalpúr, on a good path which crosses the range of hills to the north of the village, whi" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hatian-or-hatti", "historical_name": "HATIAN or HATTI", "modern_name": "Hatian Or Hatti", "pdf_page": 206, "pdf_viewer_page": 220, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A very small village situated on the mountain side far above, and overlooking the left bank of the Jhelam. It lies about 54 miles west of Baramúla, on the road leading towards Mari, where the old and new roads separate. Below the village on the bank of the river there is a bungalow for the accommodation of travellers, and a well shaded spot for encamping, situated on the banks of a mountain torrent, which here flows into the Jhelam. Coolies and supplies are procurable. (Allgood-Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.166667, "source_longitude": 73.783333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 10' Long. 73° 47' Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Prem Di Hatti", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "serai", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "here is a bungalow for the accommodation of travellers, and a well shaded spot for encamping, situated on the banks of a" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "in side far above, and overlooking the left bank of the Jhelam. It lies about 54 miles west of Baramúla, on the ro" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ies about 54 miles west of Baramúla, on the road leading towards Mari, where the old and new roads separate. Below" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hatmal", "historical_name": "HATMALÚ", "modern_name": "Hatmalú", "pdf_page": 206, "pdf_viewer_page": 220, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the south side of Uttar pargana. Many of the inablitants of Warpúra, a village lying to the south-east, migrated to this place some years ago. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.483333, "source_longitude": 74.3, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 29'. Long. 74° 18'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "Paragraph is cut off and continues onto the next page.", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hatti", "historical_name": "HATTI", "modern_name": "Hatti", "pdf_page": 207, "pdf_viewer_page": 221, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This village, with which is included Gharri, lies about 7 miles north-east of Dansál, near the point where the roads from Jamú to Kashmír and Údímpúr separate. These villages, which contain about 20 mud-built houses, are surrounded with cultivation, rice being first here met with, on the road towards Kashmír. By the path on the south-west side of the village, there are two old towers, one of brick, and the other of masonry; both are loopholed.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.916667, "source_longitude": 75.133333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 55'. Long. 75° 8'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Prem Di Hatti", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "fort", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "west side of the village, there are two old towers, one of brick, and the other of masonry; both are loopholed." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ion, rice being first here met with, on the road towards Kashmír. By the path on the south-west side of the villag" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hattian", "historical_name": "HATTIAN", "modern_name": "Hattian Bala", "pdf_page": 207, "pdf_viewer_page": 221, "latitude": 34.1691, "longitude": 73.7432, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattian_Bala", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8864187255832952574&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Hattian Bala. Score 72; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village in the district of Doptata, situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, about 17 miles south-east of Mozafarabad, on the road between that place and Baramúla. At Hattian the banks of the Jhelam are low, and near the village a rope bridge crosses the river; the fort of Shekara Kila stands on a mountain on the other side. Baron Hügel states that Hattian is the most northerly point in this direction to which the Hindús are known to have migrated after their subjection to Mohamedan power; when he visited it, there were 15 families settled in the place. There is a bungalow for the accommodation of travellers, and supplies are procurable in moderate quantities. (Hügel—Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8864187255832952574", "source_latitude": 34.233333, "source_longitude": 73.666667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 14'. Long. 73° 40'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJix6n836J4DgR_r53PljrA3s", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 72, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "bridge_or_ferry", "fort" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in the district of Doptata, situated on the right bank of the Jhelam" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "near the village a rope bridge crosses the river" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "the fort of Shekara Kila stands on a mountain on the other side" } ], "feature_notes": "Village is the place; the rope bridge is physically near the village; fort is across the river on other side of river, not directly part of village site, so fort included due to close proximity across river and description suggesting adjacency.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hayi", "historical_name": "HAYI", "modern_name": "Hayi", "pdf_page": 207, "pdf_viewer_page": 221, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small stream which takes its rise on the mountain range to the north-west of the Kúnd Kaplas tarns, and flowing in a northerly and north-easterly direction, passes through the town of Badrawár, and empties itself into the Neríd river, in lat. 32° 59', long. 75° 45', below the village of Kotli.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "town", "village", "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": ", in lat. 32° 59', long. 75° 45', below the village of Kotli." }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "stream which takes its rise on the mountain range to the north-west of the Kúnd Kaplas tarns, and flowing in a nort" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "HAYI. Hayi. Town. A small stream which takes its rise on the mountain range to the north-west of t" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hidrabad", "historical_name": "HIDRABAD", "modern_name": "Hidrabad", "pdf_page": 207, "pdf_viewer_page": 221, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A very small village situated to the north of the Haji Pir pass, on the road between Úri and Púnch; it lies about half way up the steep side of a very lofty range of mountains, which forms one side of a deep and narrow valley traversed by the Shah Kakuta torrent. There are two bungalows for the use of travellers close to the village. Supplies of food and coolies are very precarious. (Vigne—Hervey—Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34°. Long. 74°. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kashmir House", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "serai", "religious_site", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "ent. There are two bungalows for the use of travellers close to the village. Supplies of food and coolies are very preca" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "l village situated to the north of the Haji Pir pass, on the road between Úri and Púnch; it lies about half way u" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "l village situated to the north of the Haji Pir pass, on the road between Úri and Púnch; it lies about half way up the" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": ", which forms one side of a deep and narrow valley traversed by the Shah Kakuta torrent. There are two bungalows for" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "d to the north of the Haji Pir pass, on the road between Úri and Púnch; it lies about half way up the steep side o" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hillar", "historical_name": "HILLAR", "modern_name": "Hillar", "pdf_page": 207, "pdf_viewer_page": 221, "latitude": 33.6254385, "longitude": 75.2347796, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=3946743522952936863&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 6: Historical Hillar is on the south-west side of the Shahabad valley near Verinag/Vetatirat springs; existing Hillar candidate in the Shahabad-Anantnag belt retained.", "blurb": "A large village situated on the south-west side of the Shahabad valley, on the stream flowing from the Vetatirát springs; it is said to contain about 100 inhabitants.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=3946743522952936863&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.566667, "source_longitude": 75.233333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 34'. Long. 75° 14'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJDYMvb-UJ4jgRn_0uyVKmxTY", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 92, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A large village situated on the south-west side of the Shahabad valley" } ], "feature_notes": "No other direct features described as part of the village.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hingp-ra", "historical_name": "HINGPÚRA", "modern_name": "Hingpúra", "pdf_page": 207, "pdf_viewer_page": 221, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated at the extreme south-east end of the Shahabad valley; it extends for some distance on both sides of the Sándran river, which is crossed by a khaal bridge, or it may be forded. It is inhabited exclusively by Gújars, occupying flat-roofed log huts. The path by the Nand Marg pass lies through the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.45, "source_longitude": 75.4, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 27'. Long. 75° 24'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kashmir Pura", "no_match_score": -3, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "-roofed log huts. The path by the Nand Marg pass lies through the village." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the extreme south-east end of the Shahabad valley; it extends for some distance on both sides of the Sándran river," }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "Sándran river, which is crossed by a khaal bridge, or it may be forded. It is inhabited exclusively by Gújars, occu" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "Gújars, occupying flat-roofed log huts. The path by the Nand Marg pass lies through the village." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hirp-ra", "historical_name": "HIRPÚRA", "modern_name": "Hirpora", "pdf_page": 207, "pdf_viewer_page": 221, "latitude": 33.6831603, "longitude": 74.7826987, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirpora", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Hir+Pora+192303/@33.6831603,74.7826987,3145m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e1fb180e549b95:0x9a6bf30012c03f92!8m2!3d33.6831612!4d74.7929984!16s%2Fg%2F11gxsscl8x?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research: source places Hirpura south-west of Shopian on the Pir Panjal road; mapped to modern Hirpora/Hirapora. Coordinates from government notification snippet; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small and scattered village lying about 7 miles south-west of Shupian, on the road towards the Pir Panjál pass. It is prettily situated on the right bank of the Rembíára, in the middle of the valley, which is here about half a mile wide. There is a village on the other side of the river almost opposite to it, which bears the same name. An old Mogul Serai offers some accommodation for travellers, and there is level ground available for encamping. The neighbourhood of the village is well cultivated. Some supplies are procurable, and water from the stream.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Hir+Pora+192303/@33.6831603,74.7826987,3145m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e1fb180e549b95:0x9a6bf30012c03f92!8m2!3d33.6831612!4d74.7929984!16s%2Fg%2F11gxsscl8x?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.683333, "source_longitude": 74.766667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 41'. Long. 74° 46'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Serai / rest house", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "village", "serai", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A small and scattered village lying about 7 miles south-west of Shupian" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "An old Mogul Serai offers some accommodation for travellers" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "It is prettily situated on the right bank of the Rembíára, in the middle of the valley" } ], "feature_notes": "Village is the place; serai physically at the village; river bank is described as part of village location so river/lake tagged.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hiwar", "historical_name": "HIWAR", "modern_name": "Hiwar", "pdf_page": 208, "pdf_viewer_page": 222, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated in a gorge of the mountains on the north side of the Shahabad valley, above the right bank of the Sándran river, which is crossed by a rough bridge below it. It is inhabited by six families of zemindars and two Syuds. The Bring valley may be reached by a path from this village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.5, "source_longitude": 75.366667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 30'. Long. 75° 22'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "mountains on the north side of the Shahabad valley, above the right bank of the Sándran river, which is crossed by a" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "Sándran river, which is crossed by a rough bridge below it. It is inhabited by six families of zemindars and two Sy" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "Syuds. The Bring valley may be reached by a path from this village." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hokarsar", "historical_name": "HOKARSAR", "modern_name": "Hokarsar", "pdf_page": 208, "pdf_viewer_page": 222, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A weedy and extensive morass in the centre of the valley of Kashmír, to the west of Srinagar; it is separated longitudinally from the Jhelam by a dam, but communicates with it by means of canals and flood gates. Vigne remarks that were it not for the dams which confine the river in many places, the lower surface of the valley would be entirely covered in flood time. A bunded pathway is carried across the morass between the Hanjík wendar and the village of Sybíg.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.1, "source_longitude": 74.75, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 6'. Long. 74° 45'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Hokersar Wetland", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "R. Hokarsar. Village. A weedy and extensive morass in the centre of the valley of Kashmír, to the west of Srinagar;" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hokr", "historical_name": "HOKRÁ", "modern_name": "Hokrá", "pdf_page": 208, "pdf_viewer_page": 222, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated at the north-west end of the Bring pargana, of which it is the tehsil station.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.65, "source_longitude": 75.25, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 39'. Long. 75° 15'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Hokersar Wetland", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "town" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "nd of the Bring pargana, of which it is the tehsil station." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hoksar", "historical_name": "HOKSAR", "modern_name": "Hoksar", "pdf_page": 208, "pdf_viewer_page": 222, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A pass lying over the range of mountains between the Nowbüg Nai and Maru Wardwan valley.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.65, "source_longitude": 75.55, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 39'. Long. 75° 33'. Elev. 13,315 feet.", "admin_status": "Pass / route", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Hokersar Wetland", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "admin_status: Pass / route" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ins between the Nowbüg Nai and Maru Wardwan valley." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "HOKSAR. Hoksar. Pass / route. A pass lying over the range of mountains between the Nowbüg Nai" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "holna-or-hiln", "historical_name": "HOLNA or HILN", "modern_name": "Holna Or Hiln", "pdf_page": 208, "pdf_viewer_page": 222, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village consisting of three or four houses situated on the right bank of the Banihál stream, just opposite the village of Banihál, and a few hundred yards distant from it.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.45, "source_longitude": 75.233333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 27'. Long. 75° 14'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "three or four houses situated on the right bank of the Banihál stream, just opposite the village of Banihál, and" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "h-nzal", "historical_name": "HÓNZAL", "modern_name": "Hónzal", "pdf_page": 208, "pdf_viewer_page": 222, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated at the northern end of the Dachin valley, on the right bank of the Maru Wardwan river; it is said to contain five or six houses inhabited by Hindús.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.566667, "source_longitude": 75.816667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 34'. Long. 75° 49'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "situated at the northern end of the Dachin valley, on the right bank of the Maru Wardwan river; it is said to conta" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hopru", "historical_name": "HOPRU", "modern_name": "Hopru", "pdf_page": 208, "pdf_viewer_page": 222, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A considerable village of thatched houses, situated rather more than a mile north-west of Chírár. It is surrounded with some cultivation.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.883333, "source_longitude": 74.783333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 53'. Long. 74° 47'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "ROOH-E-KASHMIR", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "town" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "HOPRU. Hopru. Village. A considerable village of thatched houses, situated rather more than a mile north-west o" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "h-ssingam-or-husikoi", "historical_name": "HÚSSINGAM or HUSIKOI", "modern_name": "Hússingam Or Husikoi", "pdf_page": 208, "pdf_viewer_page": 222, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Tilail valley, situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river, which is bridged beneath it. It is said to contain five houses inhabited by Mohamedan zemindars.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.533333, "source_longitude": 75.166667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 32'. Long. 75° 10'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "r Husikoi. Village. A village in the Tilail valley, situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river, which is b" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "huthwor", "historical_name": "HUTHWOR", "modern_name": "Huthwor", "pdf_page": 208, "pdf_viewer_page": 222, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, between Awantípúr and Pampfúr.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.966667, "source_longitude": 74.983333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 58'. Long. 74° 59'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Royal kashmir hut", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "r. Village. A village situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, between Awantípúr and Pampfúr." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bkot", "historical_name": "ÍBKOT", "modern_name": "Íbkot", "pdf_page": 208, "pdf_viewer_page": 222, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Karnao district, situated on the left bank of the Kazi Nág stream, on a sloping spur which drops perpendicularly to the water's edge It is separated by a deep ravine from the village of Baderkot, lying to the south. There are a few trees in the village, which contains 20 houses inhabited by zemindars. The cultivation about is mostly confined to dry crops.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.383333, "source_longitude": 73.833333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 23'. Long. 73° 50'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "n the Karnao district, situated on the left bank of the Kazi Nág stream, on a sloping spur which drops perpendicul" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "idj", "historical_name": "IDJ", "modern_name": "Idj", "pdf_page": 209, "pdf_viewer_page": 223, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A stream which takes its rise in the forests on the slope of the hills at the south-west end of the Uttar pargana, and flowing parallel to the Kamil joins that river in lat. 34° 31', long. 74° 16', just above the confluence of the Loláb stream. (Montgomerie).", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "Heading includes an em-dash at the end, appears as a stream name.", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "illigam", "historical_name": "ILLIGAM.", "modern_name": "Illigam.", "pdf_page": 209, "pdf_viewer_page": 223, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Ramhál pargana, situated rather more than a mile south-east of Shalúrha, on the road towards Sopúr. It is divided into three mahallas, that to the north being known as Sheikhpúra, in the middle Butpúra, and to the south Magripúra. In Sheikhpúra there is a masjid, the ziárat of Syud Karram, and some houses inhabited by zemindars. In Butpúra there is also a masjid, and 12 houses inhabited by zemindars. In this mahalla is situated the thana and tehsil and the ziárat of Jumal Muthú, with its clump of chunar trees; close to which the Muthú Nág, a clear cold spring, rises in a small basin shaded by some fine poplar trees; a sloping grassy bank by the side of the spring offers a pleasant site for encamping. In the Magripúra mahalla there are two masjids, and four families of zemindars, two múllas, and a dídm. A small stream which flows through the village is crossed by a bridge. There are a variety of fruit and other trees about the place, and extensive rice fields surround it. Illigam, with 15 other villages in the same district, is held in jagir by Sirdar Amr Singh, the third son of the Maharajah. Coolies and supplies are procurable.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.483333, "source_longitude": 74.183333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 29'. Long. 74° 11'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "spring", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "e south Magripúra. In Sheikhpúra there is a masjid, the ziárat of Syud Karram, and some houses inhabited by zemindar" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "p of chunar trees; close to which the Muthú Nág, a clear cold spring, rises in a small basin shaded by some fine" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "close to which the Muthú Nág, a clear cold spring, rises in a small basin shaded by some fine poplar trees; a slopi" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "h flows through the village is crossed by a bridge. There are a variety of fruit and other trees about the place, an" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "than a mile south-east of Shalúrha, on the road towards Sopúr. It is divided into three mahallas, that to the nor" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "imbersilwar", "historical_name": "IMBERSILWAR", "modern_name": "Imbersilwar", "pdf_page": 209, "pdf_viewer_page": 223, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the slopes of the mountains, on the north side of the Zainagar pargana. There is a direct road from this village to Tiklipora, in the Loláb valley, which after the least rain becomes impassable for laden ponies, though the villagers state that they can and do go by it. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.4, "source_longitude": 74.45, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 24'. Long. 74° 27'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Ishwar Ashram", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "rom this village to Tiklipora, in the Loláb valley, which after the least rain becomes impassable for laden ponies," }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "th side of the Zainagar pargana. There is a direct road from this village to Tiklipora, in the Loláb valley, which after" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "imbra", "historical_name": "IMBRA", "modern_name": "Imbra", "pdf_page": 209, "pdf_viewer_page": 223, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Jamú, situated about 2 miles north of Krimchi, by the path leading towards Rámband. It lies above the left bank of the Birú Kad stream.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.983333, "source_longitude": 75.166667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 59'. Long. 75° 10'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "IMBRA Car Care Service", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ing towards Rámband. It lies above the left bank of the Birú Kad stream." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ated about 2 miles north of Krimchi, by the path leading towards Rámband. It lies above the left bank of the Birú" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ingima", "historical_name": "INGIMA", "modern_name": "Ingima", "pdf_page": 209, "pdf_viewer_page": 223, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A range of hills forming the northern boundary of the Bangas máiún, at the south-west end of the Uttar pargana.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.416667, "source_longitude": 74.05, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 25'. Long. 74° 3'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "pass" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "INGIMA. Ingima. Gazetteer entry. A range of hills forming the northern boundary of the Bangas máiún, at th" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ingrawara", "historical_name": "INGRAWARA", "modern_name": "Ingrawara", "pdf_page": 209, "pdf_viewer_page": 223, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village containing three houses, situated at the foot of the hills on the south-west side of the Shahabad valley, above the left bank of the Sándran river. It lies just south of Rishpíra.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.466667, "source_longitude": 75.383333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 28'. Long. 75° 23'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Narwara", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ills on the south-west side of the Shahabad valley, above the left bank of the Sándran river. It lies just south of" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "inshin", "historical_name": "INSHIN", "modern_name": "Inshan", "pdf_page": 209, "pdf_viewer_page": 223, "latitude": 33.796396, "longitude": 75.5706084, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9533046274344809812&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Inshan, Forest Block 182205. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "One of the principal villages in the Maru Wardwan valley, situated above the left bank of the river, at the foot of the Char Sar mountain, opposite the junction of the Ghlian torrent. It is distant about 7 miles, or four marches, east of Islamabad, by way of the Nowbug valley, and about 84 miles, or seven marches, north of Kishtwár. A kadal bridge, which is now in rather a shaky condition, crosses the Maru Wardwan river below the village; it measures about 60 feet in span between the piers. There is a masjid in the village, the ziárat of Baba Daud Gúni, and about 10 houses. A torrent which flows past the north side turns two or three mills. There are a few stunted trees about the place, and the cultivation extends down the valley, joining the fields about Wardwan. The three villages Inshin, Wardwan, and Batu, on the right bank of the river, are included in the same revenue assessment. Supplies cannot be depended upon.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9533046274344809812&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.816667, "source_longitude": 75.616667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 49'. Long. 75° 37'. Elev. 8,143 feet.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJx2EpHON64jgRVPWuCRQvTIQ", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "feet in span between the piers. There is a masjid in the village, the ziárat of Baba Daud Gúni, and about 10 houses" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the principal villages in the Maru Wardwan valley, situated above the left bank of the river, at the foot of the Ch" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "les, or seven marches, north of Kishtwár. A kadal bridge, which is now in rather a shaky condition, crosses the Mar" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ishem", "historical_name": "ISHEM", "modern_name": "Ishem", "pdf_page": 210, "pdf_viewer_page": 224, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village situated on the road on the left bank of the Jhelam, about midway between Uri and Chakoti. (Allgood.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.1, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 6'. Long. 74°. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ll village situated on the road on the left bank of the Jhelam, about midway between Uri and Chakoti. (Allgood.)" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "m. Village. A small village situated on the road on the left bank of the Jhelam, about midway between Uri and Chak" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ishkampura", "historical_name": "ISHKAMPURA", "modern_name": "Ishkampura", "pdf_page": 210, "pdf_viewer_page": 224, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Machhíprúra pargana, situated on one of the paths leading from the direction of Sopúr, towards Shalúra.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.45, "source_longitude": 74.266667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 27'. Long. 74° 16'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Jammu & Kashmir", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "iskandarpur", "historical_name": "ISKANDARPUR", "modern_name": "Iskandarpur", "pdf_page": 210, "pdf_viewer_page": 224, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Birwa pargana, situated on the slope of the spur to the west of the path between Makaháma and Drang. It is said to contain a masjid, the ziárat of Baba Taj Dhin, and 30 houses inhabited by zemindars, a blacksmith, bunnia, potter, leather-worker, and a mulla.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.033333, "source_longitude": 74.616667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 2'. Long. 74° 37'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Sikander Pur", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "Makaháma and Drang. It is said to contain a masjid, the ziárat of Baba Taj Dhin, and 30 houses inhabited by zemindar" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "on the slope of the spur to the west of the path between Makaháma and Drang. It is said to contain a masjid, the z" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "islamabad", "historical_name": "ISLAMABAD", "modern_name": "Anantnag", "pdf_page": 210, "pdf_viewer_page": 224, "latitude": 33.73, "longitude": 75.15, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anantnag", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=33.73,75.15", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web-researched strong candidate: Anantnag. Wikipedia states Anantnag is also called Islamabad and locates it at 33.73, 75.15; source explicitly says Islamabad is called Anat Nag by Hindus.", "blurb": "The largest town in the valley of Kashmir, the city of Srinagar excepted, called Anat Nag by the Hindús. It is now but a shadow of its former self, containing less than 1,500 houses; many of them are ornamented with most elegant trellis and lattice work. Vigne remarks that their present ruined and neglected appearance is placed in wretched contrast with their once gay and happy condition, and speaks volumes upon the light and joyous prosperity that has long fled the country.\n\nIslamabad is situated about a mile from the right bank of the Jhelam, near the confluence of the Arpat, Bring, and Sandran streams, and just above the junction of the Lidar; it lies under the western side of an elevated wudar or table-land, upon the edge of which there is a conical hill overlooking the town. This hill, which rises to the height of 5,896 feet, about 350 feet above the level of the town, is composed of thin strata of fine grey mountain limestone, having a quantity of shingly conglomerate, the remains of a beach, adhering to the steep that fronts the town; it commands an exquisite view of the plain and the mountains at the south end of the valley.\n\nFrom its foot flows the holy fountain of Anat Nag. There are other springs in the immediate neighbourhood; one of them, the Sulik Nag, is strongly impregnated with sulphur. Among the 15 masjids in the town, is one built to the memory of Rishi Malu, a saint to whose prayers in particular the defeat of Akbar's first attempt to take Kashmir was attributed. There is also a Hindú temple, and a small pleasure garden called the Sarkari bagh, which contains the thana, tehsil, and other government offices, and which is usually occupied by the Maharajah and his family when visiting the town. Islamabad is a kusabah or market town, and possesses a well supplied bazar.\n\nThe Hindús are said to number 250 families, out of a total of 1,450; among the inhabitants are numerous traders and artisans. Shawl-weaving is the principal branch of industry, employing, it is said, about half the population. Handsome saddle-cloths and rugs of various patterns are also largely manufactured, and a government filature has lately been established. The navigation of the Jhelam commences at Islamabad, where the river flows with a gentle current; the passage by boat to the capital occupies about 18 hours, the distance by road being 35 miles. The Arpat is crossed by a good kadal bridge on the south side of the town; it is also usually fordable.\n\nInce gives the following dimensions of the bridge over the Jhelam at the village of Kanbal, about a mile and a half to the east: length 66 yards, breadth 12 feet, supported by a single pier, the average depth of water beneath being 4½ feet. On the west side of the enclosure surrounding the Anat Nág spring, which contains some magnificent chunar trees, there is a large double-storied brick building for the reception of travellers; here are also other smaller pavilions by the side of the tank into which the spring flows. The following table of distances from Islamabad to places in its vicinity is extracted from Ince's Guide to Kashmir:", "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anantnag", "source_latitude": 33.733333, "source_longitude": 75.2, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 44'. Long. 75° 12'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "town", "religious_site", "garden", "bridge_or_ferry", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "The largest town in the valley of Kashmir" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "Among the 15 masjids in the town... There is also a Hindú temple" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "a small pleasure garden called the Sarkari bagh" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "The Arpat is crossed by a good kadal bridge on the south side of the town" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "the holy fountain of Anat Nag" } ], "feature_notes": "Town is primary; multiple religious sites (masjids, temple) inside; garden; bridge crossing river at town; sacred spring in town.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ismail-de-dori", "historical_name": "ISMAIL DE DORI", "modern_name": "Ismail De Dori", "pdf_page": 211, "pdf_viewer_page": 225, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A mountain in the range forming the water-shed between the western end of the Uttar pargana and Lower Drawar. That part of the range lying between this mountain and Baranamblal to the north-east is called Lumalút. The rocks along the ridge consist chiefly of slates and schists; the latter apparently contain much silica, with occasional layers of sandstone. They are generally much contorted, and dip at a high angle in a southerly direction, the general strike varying a point north or south of east and west. In one or two places the rocks seemed to be inverted, as they dipped northerly at a high angle, and with the same strike. The schists are intersected with large veins of quartz. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.5, "source_longitude": 73.966667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 30'. Long. 73° 58'. Elev. 12,643 feet.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "pass" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "De Dori. Gazetteer entry. A mountain in the range forming the water-shed between the western end of the Uttar parga" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ismailpur", "historical_name": "ISMAILPUR", "modern_name": "Ismail Pur", "pdf_page": 211, "pdf_viewer_page": 225, "latitude": 32.739754, "longitude": 74.708832, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=17782205543668247715&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 7: Historical Ismailpur is on the Samba-Jammu path about 9 miles south-east of Jammu; existing Jammu/Samba-side Ismail Pur candidate retained. Removed unrelated non-Wikipedia link from the Wikipedia field.", "blurb": "A miserable village situated in the plains, on the path between Samba and Jamú, about 9 miles south-east of the latter place. It possesses a tank over-shadowed by a large fig tree. There is little or no cultivation in the neighbourhood. (Illegible.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=17782205543668247715", "source_latitude": 32.633333, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 38'. Long. 75°. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJlfSfdhyQHjkRo-xTUboVx_Y", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 90, "features": [ "village", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A miserable village situated in the plains" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "It possesses a tank over-shadowed by a large fig tree" } ], "feature_notes": "Village place with a tank (water body) / spring feature.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "jagerpur", "historical_name": "JAGERPUR", "modern_name": "Jaggerpora", "pdf_page": 212, "pdf_viewer_page": 226, "latitude": 34.4538018, "longitude": 74.2846865, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=12173087126441881751&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Jaggerpora 193222. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village situated on the right bank of the Pohru river, towards the south-east end of the Uttar pargana. In the Maharajah's records it is noted as consisting of three small villages, Jagerpúr, Pir-ka-Makam, and Mussabowan. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=12173087126441881751&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.45, "source_longitude": 74.316667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 27'. Long. 74° 19. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJl4qVEp4e4TgRl_By5z5-76g", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "nsisting of three small villages, Jagerpúr, Pir-ka-Makam, and Mussabowan. (Montgomerie.)" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "a. Village. A village situated on the right bank of the Pohru river, towards the south-east end of the Uttar parga" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "jagran", "historical_name": "JAGRAN", "modern_name": "Jagran", "pdf_page": 212, "pdf_viewer_page": 226, "latitude": 34.5213805, "longitude": 73.8345548, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=14551907515299663670&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 6: Historical Jagran is the river entering the Kishenganga near Durrol around 34°33′N, 73°54′E; existing Jagran candidate in the Neelum/Jagran valley retained.", "blurb": "A river which takes its rise on the south side of the water-shed between Khágán and the valley of the Kishen Ganga; it flows in a southerly and south-easterly direction, joining the Kishen Ganga in lat. 34° 33', long. 73° 54', near Durrol, at which spot it is not fordable, but is crossed by a kailal bridge a short distance above the village. The Khágán valley may be reached by paths lying up the course of this stream.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=14551907515299663670&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJf79bO4K_4DgRNg_GLcnC8sk", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 93, "features": [ "village", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "a kailal bridge a short distance above the village" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "it is not fordable, but is crossed by a kailal bridge a short distance above the village" } ], "feature_notes": "Entry is a village; contains a kailal bridge over a river nearby.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "jahama", "historical_name": "JAHAMA", "modern_name": "Jahama", "pdf_page": 212, "pdf_viewer_page": 226, "latitude": 34.2476207, "longitude": 74.392559, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=3656858923042125933&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 3: Historical Jahama is on the left bank of the Jhelum between Sopore and Baramulla; existing Jahama candidate in that corridor retained.", "blurb": "A village situated in a grove of willow trees on the left bank of the Jhelam, between Sópúr and Baramúla.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=3656858923042125933&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.25, "source_longitude": 74.433333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 15'. Long. 74° 26'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJh9ib2BsI4TgRbbikzdDFvzI", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 93, "features": [ "village", "forest" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village situated in a grove of willow trees" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "situated in a grove of willow trees" } ], "feature_notes": "Village located in a willow tree grove (forest).", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "jajimarg", "historical_name": "JAJIMARG", "modern_name": "Jajimarg", "pdf_page": 212, "pdf_viewer_page": 226, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "An elevated grassy valley situated amid the lofty mountains between the Jhelam and Sind rivers. It lies mostly above the limit of forest, and is covered with snow until the summer is far advanced. It is traversed by the stream which escapes from the Chanda Sar, and forms one of the head waters of the Lídar. There are no regular paths leading to this marg, but it may be reached by shepherds' tracks from the Trál and Lídar valleys, and with considerable difficulty from the village of Súrrphar, on the left bank of the Sind river.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.166667, "source_longitude": 75.166667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat 34° 10'. Long. 75° 10'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kashmir House", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "MARG. Jajimarg. Village. An elevated grassy valley situated amid the lofty mountains between the Jhelam and Sind riv" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "jalar", "historical_name": "JALAR", "modern_name": "Jalar", "pdf_page": 212, "pdf_viewer_page": 226, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Basoli district, containing four houses inhabited by Hindús; it lies about a mile south of Bani, on the slopes of the mountains above the left bank of the Siowa.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.7, "source_longitude": 75.866667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 42'. Long 75° 52'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the slopes of the mountains above the left bank of the Siowa." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "jamagan", "historical_name": "JAMAGAN", "modern_name": "Jamagan", "pdf_page": 212, "pdf_viewer_page": 226, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "An encamping ground in the valley on the north side of the Sítalwan pass, on the path leading from the Uttar pargana to the village of Dúdníal, on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga. There are no habitations, but wood and water are procurable.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.616667, "source_longitude": 74.166667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 37'. Long. 74° 10'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "serai", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "JAMAGAN. Jamagan. Village. An encamping ground in the valley on the north side of the Sítalwan pass, on the path" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "he valley on the north side of the Sítalwan pass, on the path leading from the Uttar pargana to the village of Dúd" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "amagan. Village. An encamping ground in the valley on the north side of the Sítalwan pass, on the path leading from" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "the north side of the Sítalwan pass, on the path leading from the Uttar pargana to the village of Dúdníal, on the" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "jamalpur", "historical_name": "JAMALPUR", "modern_name": "Jamalpur", "pdf_page": 212, "pdf_viewer_page": 226, "latitude": 33.49346, "longitude": 73.8860351, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Shopahiaan+House+Jamalpur+kotli+AJK/@33.49346,73.8860351,788m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m12!1m5!3m4!2zMzPCsDI5JzM2LjUiTiA3M8KwNTMnMTkuMCJF!8m2!3d33.49346!4d73.88861!3m5!1s0x38e0210f007bfa3d:0xe30a8ff3408fbf2a!8m2!3d33.4930991!4d73.8884729!16s%2Fg%2F11rq22tztw?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village containing about 20 houses surrounded by corn fields, situated above the left bank of the Púnch Toi river, at the south end of the Kotli valley, about 2 miles from that town.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Shopahiaan+House+Jamalpur+kotli+AJK/@33.49346,73.8860351,788m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m12!1m5!3m4!2zMzPCsDI5JzM2LjUiTiA3M8KwNTMnMTkuMCJF!8m2!3d33.49346!4d73.88861!3m5!1s0x38e0210f007bfa3d:0xe30a8ff3408fbf2a!8m2!3d33.4930991!4d73.8884729!16s%2Fg%2F11rq22tztw?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.5, "source_longitude": 73.916667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 30'. Long. 73° 55'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village containing about 20 houses surrounded by corn fields" } ], "feature_notes": "Described as a village with about 20 houses.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "jamu", "historical_name": "JAMU", "modern_name": "Jamu", "pdf_page": 212, "pdf_viewer_page": 226, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A province lying between lat. 32° 20' and 33° 10', long. 74° 45' and 75° 55'. It is bounded on the north by the Chenáb river and Badrawár, on the south by the Panjáb, on the east by the hill state of Chamba, and on the west by the Panjáb and Naoshera. The Sikhs took quiet possession of the state of Jamú, its capital and government, A. D. 1809, on the death of Rajah Jey Singh, the last of the rightful Rajpút princes.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Jammu and Kashmir", "no_match_score": -3, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "city" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "city", "quote": "quiet possession of the state of Jamú, its capital and government, A. D. 1809, on the death of Rajah Jey Singh, the" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "jamu-2", "historical_name": "JAMU", "modern_name": "Jammu", "pdf_page": 213, "pdf_viewer_page": 227, "latitude": 32.73, "longitude": 74.87, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=32.73,74.87", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research: source describes the capital on the Tawi; mapped to modern Jammu. Coordinates from Wikipedia; review before marking final.", "blurb": "The capital of the province of that name, and the residence of the ruler of Kashmír; it is situated on the right bank of the Tawi river, about 27 miles north-east of the British cantonment and city of Siálkot. The town is built upon the summit of the first wooded sloping ridge that rises from the plains of the Panjáb, at the place where it is divided by a narrow ravine, which allows an exit to the Tawi river on its way to its junction with the Chenáb.\n\nThe town lies upon the right bank of the ravine, at an elevation of about 150 feet above the bed of the river; and the white buildings of the place and of the numerous temples, with their gilded domes, are seen glistening in the sun from a great distance in the plains. The road from Jamú to Srinagar crosses the Banihál pass, the distance being about 155 miles, divided into 15 marches; the last 35 miles between Islamabad and the capital may be accomplished by water.\n\nThere is a regular postal establishment in operation along this route, the time occupied in the transmission of letters between Jamú and Srinagar varying between 36 and 42 hours; emergent despatches are forwarded by pony express, which covers the distance in 26 hours; the line is extended from Jamú to Siálkot, and the Maharajah likewise maintains a private dâk between that station and Lahore.\n\nThe Tawi is usually about 100 yards wide, and is fordable when the waters are at their lowest, but during the rains it is subject to freshes, when the river rises very suddenly, and is transformed into a mighty torrent, about 300 yards in breadth, at the ferry which is situated just below the Bao Fort and the city. At such times the boats are frequently unable to cross, and the only communication is [unclear] by means of masks or inflated skins, which the natives use with great dexterity, conveying travellers across in perfect safety on a bed lashed to two large buffaloes or of ghai skins.\n\nSo great is the force of the current, that the raft often lands nearly 2 miles below the point from which it started. Jamú is approached from the river by a road of sloping steps paved with round stones. On the south side it is enclosed by a wall about 30 feet high, which with the gateway is built of stone. The town is entered by a paved road about 30 feet wide, having a row of shops on either side.\n\nThe southern and lower portion of the town is very sparsely populated, and consists of little more than this wide street; towards the upper and more ancient part of the town on the north side, the main street narrows considerably, and before it reaches the Maharajah's palace, which stands on the top of the ridge, it is scarcely over 8 feet broad, and as there is a large population and much traffic in this quarter, no little inconvenience must be caused by the passage of elephants, horses, and the numerous cows, which wander at will about the streets and lanes.\n\nThe Maharajah's palace is an irregular pentagonal enclosure, containing in its centre a temple surrounded by a pretty extensive grass plot. His Highness's apartments are situated in a separate enclosure to the south-east, overlooking the deep bed of the Tawi. The palace is now being rebuilt, and is not yet completed; the various officers of state are intended to occupy the ranges of buildings forming the enclosure. Though spacious, these buildings make no claim to architectural beauty. The houses in the city are built principally of round stones and mud; they are single-storied, and have flat roofs; many, however, in the upper portion of the town are built of brick.\n\nThere are numerous open spaces and trees in Jamú, from amid which the domes of the various Hindú temples appear, the most conspicuous of which, though not the largest, is that erected by the present Maharajah to the memory of his father Gulab Singh. To the west of the town is the parade ground, an open grassy plain, on the north of which, surrounded by a high wall, is situated the magazine and military store. The garrison of Jamú musters about 2,000 strong; with the exception of about 200 artillery and cavalry, it is composed entirely of infantry.\n\nTo the west of the parade ground and town, on the edge of the jungle and ravine, is another strip of wall with bastions at intervals; quarters for a regiment of infantry are built along its inner side; this wall apparently would offer little resistance to artillery. Jamú is not well supplied with water, except during the rainy season, when the numerous tanks and pools fill; at other times the inhabitants have recourse to the river, and to two wells in a ravine close to its bank, one of which is appropriated to the Mahomedans and the other to the Hindús; the quality of the water in these wells is said to be bad.\n\nAn annual fair has lately been established at Jamú; it commences on the 20th November, and His Highness the Maharajah encourages trade by offering prizes for the best goods exhibited. During the continuance of the fair the customs duties are likewise reduced to half the ordinary rates. Jamú now contains the state mint, which has been removed from Srinagar. The stamping is effected by machinery driven by steam power; with this exception all the other processes are dependent on hand labour.\n\nFrom an inspection of nine coins struck, it is evident that the dies used are not identical; the difference probably arises from each die being separately cut by hand, instead of being moulded from that first made. On the east side of the town, overlooking the river and vis à vis to the Bao fort, there is a large house built by the Maharajah for the accommodation of his European guests; it contains two spacious reception rooms, besides numerous bed rooms; in the same enclosure are two smaller houses, which visitors are permitted to occupy. On the left bank of the Tawi, near the ferry, there is a brick serai now building, which when completed will be capable of sheltering about 150 persons.\n\nFrom this serai a path leads through the jungles to the north, towards the Bao fort; the rocky bed of a torrent has to be crossed, and the path leads up the steep bank to the village of Bao, which lies to the east of the fort; it consists of about 50 mud-built houses with flat roofs, and contains one or two bunnia's shops. About the village there are patches of cultivation surrounded with walls made of piled stones. The village stands on somewhat higher ground than the fort, separated from it by an open space of about 150 yards.\n\nThe fort is situated at the extremity of the ridge, about 150 feet above the level of the river; it is an oblong, the north and south faces measuring about 150 yards, and the east and west about 100; on the north and west it overhangs the steep banks of the river, which are covered with jungle; on the east and south sides it is protected by a ditch about 35 feet broad and 20 feet deep, by the edge of which there is a wall of boulders about 5 feet high; the entrance is on the south side, where the ditch is crossed by a temporary bridge.\n\nThe fort is built of dressed stone, and the walls, which are about 35 feet high, are pierced for musketry, but would not appear to be substantial enough to bear", "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32 44'. Long. 74 55'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Serai / rest house", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "city", "river_or_lake", "fort", "religious_site", "garden" ], "primary_feature": "city", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "city", "quote": "The capital of the province of that name, and the residence of the ruler of Kashmír" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "situated on the right bank of the Tawi river" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "ferry which is situated just below the Bao Fort and the city" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "the white buildings of the place and of the numerous temples" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "the Maharajah's palace...containing in its centre a temple surrounded by a pretty extensive grass plot" } ], "feature_notes": "Jamu is a capital city located on the Tawi river bank with a fort, many temples, and a palace garden.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "janota", "historical_name": "JANOTA", "modern_name": "Janota", "pdf_page": 215, "pdf_viewer_page": 229, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Badarwár, containing 16 houses, which are scattered on the slopes of the mountain above the left bank of the Chandra Bhága river, opposite Doda. The inhabitants are Hindús of the Thakur class.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.116667, "source_longitude": 75.583333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 7'. Long. 75° 35'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Jannat e kashmir", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "n the slopes of the mountain above the left bank of the Chandra Bhága river, opposite Doda. The inhabitants are Hi" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "jasrota", "historical_name": "JASROTA", "modern_name": "Jasrota", "pdf_page": 215, "pdf_viewer_page": 229, "latitude": 32.4779489, "longitude": 75.4070226, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasrota", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Jasrota+Fort+Temple/@32.4779489,75.4070226,5629m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m15!1m8!3m7!1s0x391c6eb9b9c140b9:0xb4b2d1a2f50de9d8!2sJasrota+184143!3b1!8m2!3d32.4627852!4d75.4073454!16s%2Fg%2F11j0njw2yr!3m5!1s0x391c6c6ba80ffbbf:0x7e667d532f5793a5!8m2!3d32.4729601!4d75.4082416!16s%2Fg%2F11bx8j1vj0?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web-researched strong candidate: Jasrota. Wikipedia describes Jasrota/Jasrota kingdom in Kathua district; secondary coordinate snippet gives 32.48, 75.44, close to the source coordinates 32°29', 75°28'.", "blurb": "A small town in a district of the same name, lying to the south of the province of Jamú. It is built on a hill, on the right bank of the Wujh stream, an affluent of the Rávi. The situation of Jasrota is much more romantic than the place itself. The hill on which the Rajah’s house is situated, is ornamented with four small towers; a huge irregular arch leads to the paltry bázár and to the Rajah’s residence. Not far from the place is a chalybeate spring, having a disagreeable taste of iron. Hügel states that at 7 A.M. its temperature was 80°, while that of the air was only 56°. (Hügel.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Jasrota+Fort+Temple/@32.4779489,75.4070226,5629m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m15!1m8!3m7!1s0x391c6eb9b9c140b9:0xb4b2d1a2f50de9d8!2sJasrota+184143!3b1!8m2!3d32.4627852!4d75.4073454!16s%2Fg%2F11j0njw2yr!3m5!1s0x391c6c6ba80ffbbf:0x7e667d532f5793a5!8m2!3d32.4729601!4d75.4082416!16s%2Fg%2F11bx8j1vj0?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 32.483333, "source_longitude": 75.466667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 29'. Long. 75° 28'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "town", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "A small town...The hill on which the Rajah’s house is situated is ornamented with four small towers; a huge irregular arch leads to the paltry bázár and to the Rajah’s residence." }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "Not far from the place is a chalybeate spring" } ], "feature_notes": "Town built on a hill with towers and near a chalybeate spring.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "jat-galli", "historical_name": "JAT GALLI", "modern_name": "Jat Galli", "pdf_page": 215, "pdf_viewer_page": 229, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village said to contain four houses inhabited by Hindús; it is situated 6 koss to the south-east of Rámband, on the road towards Doda.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.2, "source_longitude": 75.366667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 12'. Long. 75° 22'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Jarānwāli Gali", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "JAT GALLI. Jat Galli. Village. A village said to contain four houses inhabi" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "6 koss to the south-east of Rámband, on the road towards Doda." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "jatti", "historical_name": "JATTI", "modern_name": "Jatti", "pdf_page": 215, "pdf_viewer_page": 229, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Kishttwár, lying above the left bank of Lider Khol stream, close to its junction with the Chandra Bhága. It contains three houses inhabited by Hindús, and is surrounded by cultivation.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.15, "source_longitude": 75.533333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 9'. Long. 75° 32'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "village in Kishttwár, lying above the left bank of Lider Khol stream, close to its junction with the Chandra Bhág" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "jaubyor", "historical_name": "JAUBYOR", "modern_name": "Jaubyor", "pdf_page": 215, "pdf_viewer_page": 229, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A hamlet lying on the right bank of the Jhelam, about three quarters of a mile west of Avantipúr, of which place it may be considered to form a part. One of the celebrated temple ruins is situated close to it.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.916667, "source_longitude": 75.05, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 55'. Long. 75° 3'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Shrine / sacred site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Yousmarg", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "religious_site", "village", "river_or_lake", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "religious_site", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "admin_status: Shrine / sacred site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "JAUBYOR. Jaubyor. Shrine / sacred site. A hamlet lying on the right bank of the Jhelam, about three quarters of a" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "/ sacred site. A hamlet lying on the right bank of the Jhelam, about three quarters of a mile west of Avantipúr," }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "o form a part. One of the celebrated temple ruins is situated close to it." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "jenker", "historical_name": "JENKER", "modern_name": "Jenker", "pdf_page": 215, "pdf_viewer_page": 229, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A considerable village in the Basáoli district, situated on the crest of the hill a few miles north of that town, to the west of the path leading towards Badrawár. It is inhabited exclusively by Hindús. This village is held in jagír by Jawala Saha, the father of Kirpa Rám, the present dewan of Kashmír.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.633333, "source_longitude": 75.816667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 38'. Long. 75° 49'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Jammu & Kashmir", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "town", "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "JENKER. Jenker. Town. A considerable village in the Basáoli district, situated on the crest of the hill a few" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "iles north of that town, to the west of the path leading towards Badrawár. It is inhabited exclusively by Hindús." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "jetti", "historical_name": "JETTI", "modern_name": "Jetti", "pdf_page": 216, "pdf_viewer_page": 230, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of the ravine on the east side of the Tútmari Galli, between the Hamal pargana and Karnao valley; the stream which flows through it forms the source of the Mawar river. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.3, "source_longitude": 74.066667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 18'. Long. 74° 4'. Elev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "pass" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "the ravine on the east side of the Tútmari Galli, between the Hamal pargana and Karnao valley; the stream which fl" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "jezan", "historical_name": "JEZAN", "modern_name": "Jezan", "pdf_page": 216, "pdf_viewer_page": 230, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village consisting of four houses surrounded by a patch of cultivation; it lies a few miles west of Doda, below the path leading towards Bagú.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.166667, "source_longitude": 75.55, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 10'. Long. 75° 33'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "it lies a few miles west of Doda, below the path leading towards Bagú." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "jhelam", "historical_name": "JHELAM", "modern_name": "Jhelam", "pdf_page": 216, "pdf_viewer_page": 230, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The Jhelam river takes its name from the town of Jhelam, in the Panjáb, beneath which it flows. In Kashmír it is called Behat, a contraction of the Sanskrit Vitasta, which the Greeks slightly altered to Hydaspes. The Jhelam drains the whole valley of Kashmír, and the reputed sources of its principal feeders are all esteemed holy. The river may be considered to be formed near the village of Kanabal, just north-west of Islamabad, where its head waters, the Arpat from the north-east, and the Bring and Sándran from the south-east, unite. Two or three miles north of Islamabad the Jhelam receives the Lidar, which rises in the snows north of the Shísha Nág, and which contributes a volume of water scarcely inferior to that of the Jhelam. A few miles north of Bij Behára it receives the united waters of the Veshau and Rembiára rivers, both of which flow down from the Pansál mountains, the former stream rising in the holy fount of Konsa Nág, and the latter in the Nandan Sar and Bhág Sar lakes. At Srinagar it receives the Dúdh Ganga stream, which also rises in the Pansál range. Below the city of Srinagar, at the village of Shadipúr, it is joined on the right bank by the Sind, which is the largest of all its tributaries in the valley. Besides these it is fed by numerous smaller streams and mountain torrents, and its waters communicate with those of the Dal, Anchar, and Manasbal lakes. From its junction with the Sind river the Jhelam continues its north-westerly course to the Wular lake, which it leaves above the town of Sopúr, and then flows on in a south-westerly direction to Baramúla, receiving midway the waters of the Pohrú river, the drainage of the north end of the Kashmír valley. The whole length of the Jhelam from its source to Baramúla is 150 miles. From Islamabad to Baramúla the river is navigable throughout its entire course; except in seasons of unusual drought; and its waters teem with fish. The fall is only 400 feet in 120 miles, or 3.33 feet per mile, and the average rate of the current is about 1½ miles per hour, or even less. At Islamabad the breadth of the stream is 120 feet, with a maximum depth of 12 feet 8 inches. Between Islamabad and Bij Behára the water is beautifully clear, and the bed of the river is generally sandy, and ripple marked, covered with shells and broken pottery. In a few places the bottom is stony, but the pebbles are all small and rounded. At Pampúr the waters are slightly muddy, and the bed of the river can no longer be seen. Below Pampúr and opposite Pandchák, the abutments and two piers of a stone bridge are just visible above the water.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Jhelum River", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "town", "city", "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "city", "quote": "h also rises in the Pansál range. Below the city of Srinagar, at the village of Shadipúr, it is joined on the righ" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "ver may be considered to be formed near the village of Kanabal, just north-west of Islamabad, where its head waters," }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ra rivers, both of which flow down from the Pansál mountains, the former stream rising in the holy fount of Konsa Ná" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "JHELAM. Jhelam. Town. The Jhelam river takes its name from the town of J" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "hák, the abutments and two piers of a stone bridge are just visible above the water." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "uri", "historical_name": "Uri", "modern_name": "Uri", "pdf_page": 217, "pdf_viewer_page": 231, "latitude": 34.08611111, "longitude": 74.03333333, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uri,_Jammu_and_Kashmir", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=11994548096553226131&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Uri 193123. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "The Jhelam has once been spanned by a stone bridge thrown across a very narrow part from cliff to cliff; but to judge from the lowness of the remaining portions of the abutments, the bridge must have been swept away by the very first extraordinary rise of the river. Opposite Uri the river is now crossed by a suspension-bridge of leather ropes. Above Hattian there is a second suspension-bridge of twisted leather ropes, 258½ feet in length; and a third near Mozafarabád, just above the junction of the Kishen Ganga, a considerable river which rises in the mountains north of the Kashmir valley. In the winter season there is sometimes also a ferry at this point; but the boat is said to be frequently carried away by the force of the current. The total discharge of the Jhelam below Mozafarabád has been calculated to be 3,500 cubic feet per second.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=11994548096553226131", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJRVCIr0hX4DgRk49kqPExdaY", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "bridge_or_ferry", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "The Jhelam has once been spanned by a stone bridge" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "Opposite Uri the river is now crossed by a suspension-bridge of leather ropes...there is sometimes also a ferry at this point" } ], "feature_notes": "Entry is a river crossed by bridges and occasionally a ferry.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mozafarab-d", "historical_name": "Mozafarabád", "modern_name": "Mozafarabád", "pdf_page": 217, "pdf_viewer_page": 231, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The Jhelam, sweeps suddenly round to the south, and after receiving the Kúnara or Nainsuk river, continues the same course to the town of Jhelam, a distance of 150 miles. The road between Srinagar and Mari crosses it by an iron bridge suspended between masonry piers, near the village of Kohála, where there is likewise a ferry. The fall in this part of the river is 1,200 feet, or only 8 feet per mile.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Muzaffarabad", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "town", "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "e suspended between masonry piers, near the village of Kohála, where there is likewise a ferry. The fall in this part" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Mozafarabád. Mozafarabád. Town. The Jhelam, sweeps suddenly round to the south, and after receiving the Kúna" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "een Srinagar and Mari crosses it by an iron bridge suspended between masonry piers, near the village of Kohála, wher" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "own of Jhelam, a distance of 150 miles. The road between Srinagar and Mari crosses it by an iron bridge suspended" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "jhung", "historical_name": "JHUNG", "modern_name": "Jhung", "pdf_page": 219, "pdf_viewer_page": 233, "latitude": 33.20804343, "longitude": 73.77157775, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?q=33.20804343,73.77157775", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village in Naoshera, situated about a mile north of Mirpūr, by the path leading towards Chaonki. There are about 80 houses in this village, which is a very green spot in the arid plain; it contains, it is said, as many as 32 wells, which never dry.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?q=33.20804343,73.77157775", "source_latitude": 33.2, "source_longitude": 73.8, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 12'. Long. 73° 48'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A large village in Naoshera...There are about 80 houses" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "it contains...as many as 32 wells, which never dry" } ], "feature_notes": "Large village containing many wells (springs).", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "jing", "historical_name": "JING", "modern_name": "Jing", "pdf_page": 219, "pdf_viewer_page": 233, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the top of the spur many hundred feet above the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river, near the junction of the Uriśi stream. It lies above the path between Balagram and Mandal.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.45, "source_longitude": 73.683333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 27'. Long. 73° 41'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the spur many hundred feet above the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river, near the junction of the Uriśi stream." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "tion of the Uriśi stream. It lies above the path between Balagram and Mandal." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "jinghano", "historical_name": "JINGHANO", "modern_name": "Jinghano", "pdf_page": 219, "pdf_viewer_page": 233, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A neat village in the province of Jamū, situated near the left bank of the Tohi, at the south-east end of the plain which extends from the Chenāb at Riassi. There is a castle built on the steep bank of a ravine above the village. (Vigne.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.883333, "source_longitude": 75.216667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 53'. Long. 75° 13'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Haijan Playground", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "he province of Jamū, situated near the left bank of the Tohi, at the south-east end of the plain which extends fro" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "jinrali", "historical_name": "JINRALI", "modern_name": "Jinrali", "pdf_page": 219, "pdf_viewer_page": 233, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Basoli district, situated about 12 miles north of that town, on the road towards Badrawār. The houses, which are much scattered, are surrounded by cultivation. There is a baoli of clear cool water, shaded by trees, on the side of the path.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.6, "source_longitude": 75.85, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 36'. Long. 75° 51'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "town", "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "JINRALI. Jinrali. Town. A village in the Basoli district, situated about 12 miles north of that tow" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "d about 12 miles north of that town, on the road towards Badrawār. The houses, which are much scattered, are surro" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "jura", "historical_name": "JURA", "modern_name": "Jura", "pdf_page": 219, "pdf_viewer_page": 233, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Lower Drawar, situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, between Durrol and Bāran. The fields extend for a considerable distance along the river bank. There are some few fruit and other trees about the village, which contains 20 houses; among the inhabitants are a carpenter and a blacksmith. A stream flows down through the north end of the village, irrigating the rice fields.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.5, "source_longitude": 73.866667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 30'. Long. 73° 52'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Jura Neelum valley", "no_match_score": 38, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "lage in Lower Drawar, situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, between Durrol and Bāran. The fields extend" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "jurnial", "historical_name": "JURNIAL", "modern_name": "Jurnial", "pdf_page": 219, "pdf_viewer_page": 233, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Tilail valley, situated at the edge of the forest on the slopes of the mountain above the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, which is crossed by a rope suspension-bridge, about midway between this village and Muzakoi, which lies above it on the same side of the river.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.583333, "source_longitude": 75.05, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 35'. Long. 75° 3'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "University of Kashmir", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": ". Jurnial. Village. A village in the Tilail valley, situated at the edge of the forest on the slopes of the mountain" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "of the Kishen Ganga, which is crossed by a rope suspension-bridge, about midway between this village and Muzakoi, which lies" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "jutipur", "historical_name": "JUTIPUR", "modern_name": "Jutipur", "pdf_page": 220, "pdf_viewer_page": 234, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The place where the successful action was fought on the 5th July 1819, which gave Kashmir to the Sikhs; it is distant about one koss from Shupian, and is probably identical with the Chotipúra of the map.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.683333, "source_longitude": 74.833333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 41'; long. 74° 50'.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Zarpar - Multi Cuisine - Veg and Non Veg Restaurant", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "Defaulted to village because no explicit feature evidence was found." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kabhi", "historical_name": "KABHI", "modern_name": "Kabhi", "pdf_page": 220, "pdf_viewer_page": 234, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the right bank of the Chenáb, some miles north-east of Riasi. At this place, where the river is deep, tranquil, rather rapid, and about 200 yards wide, there is a rope-bridge. Horses may be driven into the stream and crossed in safety. (Vigne.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.166667, "source_longitude": 74.983333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 10'. Long. 74° 59'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "i. Village. A village situated on the right bank of the Chenáb, some miles north-east of Riasi. At this place, whe" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": ", and about 200 yards wide, there is a rope-bridge. Horses may be driven into the stream and crossed in safety. (Vig" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kachgul", "historical_name": "KACHGUL", "modern_name": "Kachgul", "pdf_page": 220, "pdf_viewer_page": 234, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A stream which forms the principal source of the Rámeshú river. It rises on the slopes of the Pansál range, on the east side of the Chotigalli and Chitta Pani passes; the road leading towards those passes lies along the bank of the stream. (Allgood.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "pass", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ámeshú river. It rises on the slopes of the Pansál range, on the east side of the Chotigalli and Chitta Pani passes;" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "the Chotigalli and Chitta Pani passes; the road leading towards those passes lies along the bank of the stream. (" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kachanmbal", "historical_name": "KACHANMBAL", "modern_name": "Kachanmbal", "pdf_page": 220, "pdf_viewer_page": 234, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Lar pargana, situated on the right bank of Kanknai stream, at the western end of the Sind valley.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.283333, "source_longitude": 74.916667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 17'. Long. 74° 55. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kachnambal", "no_match_score": 36, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "e in the Lar pargana, situated on the right bank of Kanknai stream, at the western end of the Sind valley." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kad", "historical_name": "KAD", "modern_name": "Kad", "pdf_page": 220, "pdf_viewer_page": 234, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a stream which rises on the mountains at the north-west end of the Basoli district, and flows in a south-easterly direction, joining the Siowa in lat. 32° 41'; long. 75° 51', below the village of Beakan. Just above the junction it is crossed by a bridge on the path between Basoli and Badrawár.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "KAD. Kad. Village. The name of a stream which rises on the mountains at the north-west end of the Basoli" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "Just above the junction it is crossed by a bridge on the path between Basoli and Badrawár." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "e junction it is crossed by a bridge on the path between Basoli and Badrawár." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kag", "historical_name": "KAG", "modern_name": "Kag", "pdf_page": 220, "pdf_viewer_page": 234, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Birwa pargana, very prettily situated on the sloping ground at the foot of lofty pine clad hills, due east of the Lal Khán ki Ghari. It commands a fine view of the Kashmir valley and the Wular lake in the distance. Vigne states that this village is probably the ancient Khági mentioned in the annals of Kashmir as containing a spring from which the old Hindú kings used sometimes to send for the water they drank. The spring, which is now called the Gunj Nág, lies about a quarter of a mile to the south of the village; it is enclosed by a tank of rough stones, and the water, which is pure and cold, has a curious effect, bubbling up in numerous places through the sandy bottom. The natives assert that in winter the water becomes warm, and Vigne refers to a warm spring in the neighbourhood. From the traces of carving on many of the stones lying about, it would appear probable that this was anciently the site of a Hindú temple. The materials for building a temple were, it is said, collected some years ago by tehsildar dewan Nursing Dial, and now lie in a heap near the spring; but on being transferred to another district, he relinquished his intention.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": 74.566667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34°. Long. 74° 34'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kashmir Art Gallery", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "spring", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "that this was anciently the site of a Hindú temple. The materials for building a temple were, it is said, collected" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ari. It commands a fine view of the Kashmir valley and the Wular lake in the distance. Vigne states that this villag" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "ed in the annals of Kashmir as containing a spring from which the old Hindú kings used sometimes to send for the wat" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "ne states that this village is probably the ancient Khági mentioned in the annals of Kashmir as containing a spring f" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kahuta", "historical_name": "KAHUTA", "modern_name": "Kahuta", "pdf_page": 220, "pdf_viewer_page": 234, "latitude": 33.8829301, "longitude": 74.0995538, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Forward+Kahuta/@33.8829301,74.0995538,1569m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e0496bc9fb93f1:0xb0079188b998b907!8m2!3d33.8842684!4d74.1053987!16s%2Fg%2F11yq4dd0p?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Kahuta, Pakistan. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A mountain in the range which divides the Zainaigir pargana from the Loláb valley. Between it and the Sharibal peak to the north-west, there is a grazing ground for 500 or 600 sheep for six months; but more than that number go there annually for a shorter period. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Forward+Kahuta/@33.8829301,74.0995538,1569m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e0496bc9fb93f1:0xb0079188b998b907!8m2!3d33.8842684!4d74.1053987!16s%2Fg%2F11yq4dd0p?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 34.416667, "source_longitude": 74.483333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 25'. Long. 74° 29'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJaxbxu3Xi3zgRbxYDNBGDtoE", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "mountain" ], "primary_feature": "mountain", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "A mountain in the range which divides the Zainaigir pargana from the Loláb valley" } ], "feature_notes": "Entry is a mountain.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kahuta-2", "historical_name": "KAHUTA", "modern_name": "Kahuta", "pdf_page": 221, "pdf_viewer_page": 235, "latitude": 33.8829301, "longitude": 74.0995538, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Forward+Kahuta/@33.8829301,74.0995538,1569m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e0496bc9fb93f1:0xb0079188b998b907!8m2!3d33.8842684!4d74.1053987!16s%2Fg%2F11yq4dd0p?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Kahuta, Pakistan. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small village about 10 miles north of Púnch, on the path towards the Haji Pír pass. It contains about 40 huts, and is situated at the foot of the range of hills which bound a rich plateau about 200 feet above the right bank of the Bitarh. There is a bungalow for travellers in the open fields below the village; it consists of one room, with an enclosed verandah all round it. Coolies and supplies are procurable. (Vigne—Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Forward+Kahuta/@33.8829301,74.0995538,1569m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e0496bc9fb93f1:0xb0079188b998b907!8m2!3d33.8842684!4d74.1053987!16s%2Fg%2F11yq4dd0p?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.916667, "source_longitude": 74.15, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 55'. Long. 74° 9'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJaxbxu3Xi3zgRbxYDNBGDtoE", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village", "serai" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A small village about 10 miles north of Púnch" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "There is a bungalow for travellers in the open fields below the village" } ], "feature_notes": "Village with a bungalow for travellers (serai).", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kaila", "historical_name": "KAILA", "modern_name": "Kaila", "pdf_page": 221, "pdf_viewer_page": 235, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in Badrawár, containing four houses inhabited by Hindús; it is surrounded with cultivation, and lies high above the right bank of the Nerú, about 3 miles from its junction with Chandra Bhágá.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.116667, "source_longitude": 75.633333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 7'. Long. 75° 38'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kaila", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "cultivation, and lies high above the right bank of the Nerú, about 3 miles from its junction with Chandra Bhágá." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kailgan-rocks", "historical_name": "KAILGAN ROCKS", "modern_name": "Kailgan Rocks", "pdf_page": 221, "pdf_viewer_page": 235, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "These rocks lie in the valley of the Farráibádí stream, about 36 miles north-east of Maru, on the path leading from that village towards Súrú and Zanskar by the Chilúng pass. Wood and water are found in the vicinity. (Robinson.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.85, "source_longitude": 75.983333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 51'. Long. 75° 59'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kalaroos Caves", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "age towards Súrú and Zanskar by the Chilúng pass. Wood and water are found in the vicinity. (Robinson.)" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "lgan Rocks. Village. These rocks lie in the valley of the Farráibádí stream, about 36 miles north-east of Maru, on t" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": ", about 36 miles north-east of Maru, on the path leading from that village towards Súrú and Zanskar by the Chilúng" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kaindzai", "historical_name": "KAINDZAI", "modern_name": "Kaindzai", "pdf_page": 221, "pdf_viewer_page": 235, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village containing a ruined masjid, situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, a few miles south of Pampúr.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.983333, "source_longitude": 74.966667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 59'. Long. 74° 58'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kashmir Off Road", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "zai. Village. A village containing a ruined masjid, situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, a few miles south of Pa" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ining a ruined masjid, situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, a few miles south of Pampúr." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kainspur", "historical_name": "KAINSPUR", "modern_name": "Kainspur", "pdf_page": 221, "pdf_viewer_page": 235, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A considerable village situated a little distance from the left bank of the Jhelam, a few miles north-east of Baramúla; in ordinary parlance the name is shortened to Kanikipúr, and on the spot itself to Kanpúr. There appear to be satisfactory grounds for concluding that this village marks the site of one of the most ancient of the numerous capitals of Kashmir, founded by Kanishka, one of the two great Indo-Scythian princes and brothers. (Growse.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.233333, "source_longitude": 74.45, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 14'. Long. 74° 27'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Jammu & Kashmir", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "town", "river_or_lake", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "KAINSPUR. Kainspur. Village. A considerable village situated a little distance from the left bank of the Jhelam, a fe" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ge situated a little distance from the left bank of the Jhelam, a few miles north-east of Baramúla; in ordinary pa" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "s village marks the site of one of the most ancient of the numerous capitals of Kashmir, founded by Kanishka, one of" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kainu-i", "historical_name": "KAINU—I", "modern_name": "Kainu—i", "pdf_page": 221, "pdf_viewer_page": 235, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in Púnch, on the left bank of the Mandi stream, about 7 miles north-east of Púnch.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.766667, "source_longitude": 74.25, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 46'. Long. 74° 15'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "lage. A small village in Púnch, on the left bank of the Mandi stream, about 7 miles north-east of Púnch." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kaiyah-maidan", "historical_name": "KAIYAH MAIDAN", "modern_name": "Kaiyah Maidan", "pdf_page": 221, "pdf_viewer_page": 235, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A grazing ground in the Karnao valley, situated on the west side of the Tútmarí Galil. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.3, "source_longitude": 74, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 18'. Long. 74° 0'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "tteer entry. A grazing ground in the Karnao valley, situated on the west side of the Tútmarí Galil. (Montgomerie.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kajipura", "historical_name": "KAJIPURA", "modern_name": "Kajipura", "pdf_page": 221, "pdf_viewer_page": 235, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Khuálama pargana, situated on the northern shore of the Wular lake, on the path between Bandípúr and Sopúr. (Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.416667, "source_longitude": 74.65, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 25'. Long. 74° 39'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kajipura", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "situated on the northern shore of the Wular lake, on the path between Bandípúr and Sopúr. (Ince.)" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "he northern shore of the Wular lake, on the path between Bandípúr and Sopúr. (Ince.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kajnag-survey-station", "historical_name": "KAJNAG—Survey station", "modern_name": "Kajnag—survey Station", "pdf_page": 221, "pdf_viewer_page": 235, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of the range of mountains between the south-west end of the Hamal pargana and the valley of the Jhelam. The whole of the range between the Kájnág survey station and Báturg, lat. 34° 17', long. 74° 5', elev. 13,496 feet, goes by the name of Kájnág. The ridges running from the range to the river Jhelam are covered with fine grass, and the number of Gújars that take their cattle up during the summer months is very considerable, there being hardly a ravine without a family or two inhabiting it. The ridge is often of sufficient width to allow Indian corn and wheat to be sown on it. The western slopes are invariably bare, while the eastern are always clothed with forest.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.216667, "source_longitude": 74.233333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 13'. Long. 74° 14'. Elev. 12,125 feet. 5', elev. 13,496 feet", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "village", "pass" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "covered with fine grass, and the number of Gújars that take their cattle up during the summer months is very consid" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ation. River / watercourse. The name of the range of mountains between the south-west end of the Hamal pargana and" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kakani", "historical_name": "KAKANI", "modern_name": "Kakani", "pdf_page": 222, "pdf_viewer_page": 236, "latitude": 33.5505338, "longitude": 73.9028399, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Kakni/@33.5505338,73.9028399,787m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e023c477124caf:0x208106e41c0ff13c!8m2!3d33.5487354!4d73.9063473!16s%2Fg%2F11_f4p3kk?authuser=2&entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village containing about 15 houses, situated on the right bank of the Punch Toi, a few miles north of Kotli.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Kakni/@33.5505338,73.9028399,787m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e023c477124caf:0x208106e41c0ff13c!8m2!3d33.5487354!4d73.9063473!16s%2Fg%2F11_f4p3kk?authuser=2&entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.55, "source_longitude": 73.95, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 33'. Long. 73° 57'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village containing about 15 houses" } ], "feature_notes": "Small village.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kalai", "historical_name": "KALAI", "modern_name": "Kalai", "pdf_page": 222, "pdf_viewer_page": 236, "latitude": 33.6891071, "longitude": 74.1915177, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallai,_Jammu_and_Kashmir", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8654409773284442557&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 5: Historical Kalai is in Haveli, Poonch, above the left bank of the Suran river; modern Kallai/Kalai by Poonch matches this location. Wikipedia link added.", "blurb": "A village in the Haveli pargana of Punch, lying on the slopes of the hill above the left bank of the Suran river. It contains about 20 houses inhabited by Mahomedan zemindars, and produces only dry crops.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8654409773284442557&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.733333, "source_longitude": 74.2, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 44'. Long. 74° 12'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJX2dsTegy4DgRvcFJ9dWjGng", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 96, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in the Haveli pargana of Punch...It contains about 20 houses" } ], "feature_notes": "Village with about 20 houses.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kalegran", "historical_name": "KALEGRAN", "modern_name": "Kalegran", "pdf_page": 222, "pdf_viewer_page": 236, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village which extends for a long distance up a gorge on the west side of the spur of the Tung mountain, which juts down to the right bank of the Kishen Ganga. The principal houses are built in a cluster on the north side of the narrow valley, which is traversed by a torrent flowing down from the Chowgali pass. The village contains a masjid and a ziarat, and about 20 houses inhabited by zemindars of the Rati caste, including a carpenter, a blacksmith, a leather-worker, and a mulla; there are also three families of Syads and three Gujars. The lambardar, Own Ally Shah, is also lambardar of two or three neighbouring villages. Kaleigram forms part of the jagir of Rajah Walli Mohamed Khan, son-in-law of Rajah Shere Ahmad Khan, of Karnao. The village lies high above the Kishen Ganga and at some distance from it, but its rice lands extend down to the banks of the river, and may be considered a separate village containing three houses, known as Kundi. Baran, in Lower Drawar, may be reached by a path lying over the Chowgali pass: that following the course of the Kishen Ganga is described as being very difficult.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.416667, "source_longitude": 73.75, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 25'. Long. 73° 45'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "m the Chowgali pass. The village contains a masjid and a ziarat, and about 20 houses inhabited by zemindars of the R" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "by a torrent flowing down from the Chowgali pass. The village contains a masjid and a ziarat, and about 20 houses" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Tung mountain, which juts down to the right bank of the Kishen Ganga. The principal houses are built in a cluster" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "Baran, in Lower Drawar, may be reached by a path lying over the Chowgali pass: that following the course of the Ki" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kalhar", "historical_name": "KALHAR", "modern_name": "Kalhar", "pdf_page": 222, "pdf_viewer_page": 236, "latitude": 32.5508126, "longitude": 75.6484991, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2447215122462737998&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Kalhar 184202. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A Mahomedan village in Punch, containing about 16 houses; it is situated on the right bank of the Punch Toi river.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2447215122462737998&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.583333, "source_longitude": 73.983333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 35'. Long. 73° 59'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJs5KQIhdhHDkRTgZbHzBB9iE", "finalized": false, "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "bout 16 houses; it is situated on the right bank of the Punch Toi river." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kalipura", "historical_name": "KALIPURA", "modern_name": "Kalipura", "pdf_page": 222, "pdf_viewer_page": 236, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village containing four houses inhabited by zemindars, situated at the edge of the forest, about 4 miles south-east of Shalurah, to the west of the path between that place and Sopur.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.45, "source_longitude": 74.2, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 27'. Long. 74° 12'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kalipura", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "south-east of Shalurah, to the west of the path between that place and Sopur." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kalipura-2", "historical_name": "KALIPURA", "modern_name": "Kalipura", "pdf_page": 222, "pdf_viewer_page": 236, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the Birwa pargana, containing four houses inhabited by zemindars. It is situated on the sloping side of a ravine, to the west of the path between Makahama and Drang.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.016667, "source_longitude": 74.6, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 1'. Long. 74° 36'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kalipura", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "loping side of a ravine, to the west of the path between Makahama and Drang." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kalian", "historical_name": "KALIAN", "modern_name": "Kalian", "pdf_page": 222, "pdf_viewer_page": 236, "latitude": 32.7958935, "longitude": 74.4540282, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=10192559751745499304&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Kalian. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village in Badrawar, situated on the slopes of the spur between the Nerri river and Bin Kad stream. It lies about 11 miles north-west of Badrawar, and is the usual stage between that town and Doda. There are a great many fruit trees about the village, and extensive cultivation, the fields being unusually large. There is a small government garden in the village, and a baradari for the accommodation of travellers. Supplies are procurable, but water is scarce, as the Bin Kad, the nearest stream, flows at a considerable distance below the village, and the only source in the village is a pool in which rain water is collected. The usual encamping ground is near this pool. The village contains about 20 houses inhabited by zemindars, who are almost exclusively Hindus.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=10192559751745499304&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.05, "source_longitude": 75.683333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 3'. Long. 75° 41'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJE7rLoUr2HjkRqPC7ehc_c40", "finalized": false, "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "features": [ "town", "village", "serai", "garden", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "KALIAN. Kalian. Town. A village in Badrawar, situated on the slopes of the spur between the Nerri" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "ge, and a baradari for the accommodation of travellers. Supplies are procurable, but water is scarce, as the Bin Kad, th" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "nusually large. There is a small government garden in the village, and a baradari for the accommodation of traveller" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "on the slopes of the spur between the Nerri river and Bin Kad stream. It lies about 11 miles north-west of Badrawar" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "es north-west of Badrawar, and is the usual stage between that town and Doda. There are a great many fruit trees ab" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kallan", "historical_name": "KALLAN", "modern_name": "Kallan", "pdf_page": 223, "pdf_viewer_page": 237, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Badrawár, situated above the left bank of the Chandra Bágha, a little to the west of Doda. There is a deep ravine on the east side of the village, through the bottom of which a stream flows into the river. There are both Hindús and Mahomedans among the inhabitants, who number 16 families. It is stated that recruits for the Maharajah's army are frequently collected and drilled in this village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.133333, "source_longitude": 75.55, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 8'. Long. 75° 33'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "illage in Badrawár, situated above the left bank of the Chandra Bágha, a little to the west of Doda. There is a de" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kaltura", "historical_name": "KALTURA", "modern_name": "Kaltura", "pdf_page": 223, "pdf_viewer_page": 237, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the right bank of the Pohrú river. Colonel Bija Singh attempted to build an aqueduct over the river at this place, to convey water into the Zainagir pargana. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.4, "source_longitude": 74.366667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 24'. Long. 74° 22'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "a. Village. A village situated on the right bank of the Pohrú river. Colonel Bija Singh attempted to build an aque" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kamakduri-dard-kasskaturi", "historical_name": "KAMAKDURI—(Dard, KASSKATURI)", "modern_name": "Kamakduri—", "pdf_page": 223, "pdf_viewer_page": 237, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A pass lying over the mountain range between the most northerly point of the Kishen Ganga valley and Chilás.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 35.05, "source_longitude": 74.25, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 35° 3'. Long. 74° 15'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Pass / route", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kotoku-in", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "admin_status: Pass / route" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "nge between the most northerly point of the Kishen Ganga valley and Chilás." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "DURI—(Dard, KASSKATURI). Kamakduri—. Pass / route. A pass lying over the mountain range between the most northerly" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kambai", "historical_name": "KAMBAI", "modern_name": "Kambai", "pdf_page": 223, "pdf_viewer_page": 237, "latitude": 33.2165316, "longitude": 74.019223, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Khamba+fort/@33.2165316,74.019223,790m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x391fc5a7477a0c8b:0x6759744fc60b4578!8m2!3d33.2165316!4d74.0217979!16s%2Fg%2F11nn53cr7h?authuser=2&entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village and fort in a district of the same name in the province of Naoshera; they lie to the west of the road between Bhimber and Kotli, a few miles south-west of Dharmśála. Vigne states that though finely situated on a rock, the country round the fort seems too much confined. (Vigne—Allgood.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Khamba+fort/@33.2165316,74.019223,790m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x391fc5a7477a0c8b:0x6759744fc60b4578!8m2!3d33.2165316!4d74.0217979!16s%2Fg%2F11nn53cr7h?authuser=2&entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.216667, "source_longitude": 74.066667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 13'. Long. 74° 4'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village", "fort" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village and fort in a district of the same name" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "A village and fort in a district of the same name" } ], "feature_notes": "Village that includes a fort.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kamil", "historical_name": "KAMIL", "modern_name": "Kamil", "pdf_page": 223, "pdf_viewer_page": 237, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This river is formed of three streams, the Bangas, the Rangwári, and the Bud Khol, or Béramábál, which rise on the mountain slopes at the north-west end of the valley of Kashmir, and unite near Drangiari; the river then flows in a north-easterly direction through the Uttar pargana, joining the Loláb or Lohláw stream near the village of Mogulpúr, and forming the Pohrú river. Above the village of Riri the lacustrine deposit reaches the height of about 300 feet above the river, resting on the primeval rock through which the Kamil flows, and which in some places is cut down to the depth of 30 or 40 feet. The Bangas stream is bridged beneath Drangiari, and the Kamil between the villages of Zunareshi and Riri, also opposite the fort and village of Shaldírah, where the river flows in two channels, just west of which, under the village of Champúrán, there is a ford. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "fort", "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "joining the Loláb or Lohláw stream near the village of Mogulpúr, and forming the Pohrú river. Above the village of Ri" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "KAMIL. Kamil. Fort / historic site. This river is formed of three streams, the Bangas, the Rangwári, and the Bud" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "under the village of Champúrán, there is a ford. (Montgomerie.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kammar", "historical_name": "KAMMAR", "modern_name": "Kammar", "pdf_page": 223, "pdf_viewer_page": 237, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Shahabad valley, lying near the left bank of the Sándran river, about 3 miles north-west of Choan. It contains about eight houses inhabited by zemindars and three families of Pir Zadas, who occupy a brick building on the mound, in the middle of the village. Below it is the zírat of the Kaddam Rusúl, now a mass of ruins, beneath which the precious relic is said to be buried.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.483333, "source_longitude": 75.35, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 29'. Long. 75° 21'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "nhabited by zemindars and three families of Pir Zadas, who occupy a brick building on the mound, in the middle of" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Kammar. Village. A village in the Shahabad valley, lying near the left bank of the Sándran river, about 3 miles nor" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "r Zadas, who occupy a brick building on the mound, in the middle of the village. Below it is the zírat of the Kadda" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kamraj", "historical_name": "KAMRAJ", "modern_name": "Kamraj", "pdf_page": 223, "pdf_viewer_page": 237, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of one of the two great divisions of Kashmir, comprising the north-western portion of the valley. It is divided into two zillahs and eighteen parganas— Dr. Elmslie states that it has been conjectured that Kamráj, or Kamráz, as it is sometimes called, is derived from Kama Raj, the territory of Kama, the god of love.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "comprising the north-western portion of the valley. It is divided into two zillahs and eighteen parganas— Dr. Elmsli" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kanabal", "historical_name": "KANABAL", "modern_name": "Kanabal", "pdf_page": 224, "pdf_viewer_page": 238, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on both banks of the Jhelam, about a mile west of Islamabad. It is distant by land about 4 miles above Bij Behára, but the journey by boat occupies about three hours and a half; large boats do not usually ascend beyond it on account of the shallowness of the water. Dr. Ince gives the following particulars regarding the wooden bridge which crosses the Jhelam at this village: length 66 yards, breadth 12 feet, average depth of water beneath, 4 feet. It is supported by a single wooden pier and masonry abutments. (Hügel. — Vigne. — Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.733333, "source_longitude": 75.183333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 44'. Long. 75° 11'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kanabal", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ge. A village situated on both banks of the Jhelam, about a mile west of Islamabad. It is distant by land about 4 mi" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "following particulars regarding the wooden bridge which crosses the Jhelam at this village: length 66 yards, breadt" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kanagund", "historical_name": "KANAGUND", "modern_name": "Kanagund", "pdf_page": 224, "pdf_viewer_page": 238, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A considerable village lying about a mile north-east of Arphal, on the east side of the upper extremity of the Trál valley, where it becomes very narrow. The zíarat of Bakir Shaikh Sahib, and the masjid are most picturesquely situated on a wooded spur just to the east of the village. The population numbers about 20 families of zemindars.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.033333, "source_longitude": 75.116667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 2'. Long. 75° 7'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kanhakunda:Grand Canyon of Odisha", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "town", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "KANAGUND. Kanagund. Village. A considerable village lying about a mile north-east of Arphal, on the east side of the" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "l valley, where it becomes very narrow. The zíarat of Bakir Shaikh Sahib, and the masjid are most picturesquely situ" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ast side of the upper extremity of the Trál valley, where it becomes very narrow. The zíarat of Bakir Shaikh Sahib," } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kanal", "historical_name": "KANAL", "modern_name": "Kanal", "pdf_page": 224, "pdf_viewer_page": 238, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Kishtwár, situated about 6 miles north-west of Doda, above the path leading towards Bagri and the Brari Bal pass. It contains about six houses inhabited by Hindús.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.166667, "source_longitude": 75.533333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 10'. Long. 75° 32'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ath leading towards Bagri and the Brari Bal pass. It contains about six houses inhabited by Hindús." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "about 6 miles north-west of Doda, above the path leading towards Bagri and the Brari Bal pass. It contains about s" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kandabal", "historical_name": "KANDABAL", "modern_name": "Kondabal", "pdf_page": 224, "pdf_viewer_page": 238, "latitude": 34.2486978, "longitude": 74.6825582, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2607688317617722323&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 candidate batch: Historical Kandabal is on the east shore of Manasbal Lake at the foot of Aha Tung; modern Kondabal/Kandabal near Manasbal preserves the name and lake-edge setting. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A large village which lies on the east shore of the Manas Bal lake, at the foot of the Aha Tung mountain. It contains a great many lime-kilns, from whence the city of Srinagar is mostly supplied. The limestone is procured from the adjoining hills, and the wood for burning it is conveyed from the forests in the Sind valley. Hügel, who calls these the only lime-pits in Kashmir, thus describes them: the kilns are 8 feet in diameter, and it takes 16 days' labour, and requires 2,000 logs of stout wood, to heat them thoroughly. The wood, which is from a species of the fir called kāir, is brought from a distance of 12 kos. There were, at the time of his visit, 20 men employed in the kilns under the superintendence of three sepoys. A kharwár (144 lbs.) of burnt lime then sold on an average for one rupee. (Hügel—Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2607688317617722323&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.25, "source_longitude": 74.733333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 15'. Long. 74° 44'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ00I9bAd24TgR01OKcLVeMCQ", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "city", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "city", "quote": "ns a great many lime-kilns, from whence the city of Srinagar is mostly supplied. The limestone is procured from th" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ich lies on the east shore of the Manas Bal lake, at the foot of the Aha Tung mountain. It contains a great many l" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kandi", "historical_name": "KANDI", "modern_name": "Kandi", "pdf_page": 225, "pdf_viewer_page": 239, "latitude": 33.39126, "longitude": 74.528751, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2682572244751320241&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Kandi. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village in the Karnao valley, situated about 2 miles west of the fort. It lies on the path from Titwal towards the Kashmir valley. The village, which is well shaded, contains in its upper and lower divisions 10 families of Pir Zadas, 10 zemindars of the Bamba caste, a mulla, a kazi, a blacksmith, and a carpenter. Just east of the village there are three masjids, and close to the path is the ziarat of Nizam-ud-din Aulia; all these buildings, which are of the Kashmiri style of architecture, show traces of fine wood carving.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2682572244751320241&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.4, "source_longitude": 73.866667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 24'. Long. 73° 52'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ_ZSmbQkjHjkRsYS5ZD5pOiU", "finalized": false, "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "features": [ "fort", "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "KANDI. Kandi. Fort / historic site. A village in the Karnao valley, situated about 2 miles west of the fort. It" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "ts upper and lower divisions 10 families of Pir Zadas, 10 zemindars of the Bamba caste, a mulla, a kazi, a blacks" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "rt / historic site. A village in the Karnao valley, situated about 2 miles west of the fort. It lies on the path fro" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ut 2 miles west of the fort. It lies on the path from Titwal towards the Kashmir valley. The village, which is wel" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "e of architecture, show traces of fine wood carving." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kandi-2", "historical_name": "KANDI", "modern_name": "Kandi", "pdf_page": 225, "pdf_viewer_page": 239, "latitude": 33.39126, "longitude": 74.528751, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2682572244751320241&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Kandi. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A stream which rises at the south-east end of the Kol Narawa valley, to the south of the Diousr pargana. It takes a north-westerly course through the strath, and after effecting a junction with the Buzu stream from the south, empties itself into the Veshau, at the mouth of the valley, near the village of Hanijpur, lat. 33° 37', long. 74° 58'. (Vigne.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2682572244751320241&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ_ZSmbQkjHjkRsYS5ZD5pOiU", "finalized": false, "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "KANDI. Kandi. Village. A stream which rises at the south-east end of the Kol Narawa valley, to th" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kandni", "historical_name": "KANDNI", "modern_name": "Kandni", "pdf_page": 225, "pdf_viewer_page": 239, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Kishtwar, situated about 9 miles south of the town of that name, above the road leading towards Doda. On the path beneath the village an immense projecting rock gives shelter from sun or rain, which has been increased by surrounding the spot with great branches of trees. Consequent on its position, about a mile north of the suspension-bridge over the Chandra Bhaga, and the convenience of the water supply from a hill torrent which rushes down close by, travellers frequently seek the protection of this rock. (Hervey.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.216667, "source_longitude": 75.85, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 13'. Long. 75° 51'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "town", "village", "serai", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "KANDNI. Kandni. Town. A village in Kishtwar, situated about 9 miles south of the town of that nam" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "a hill torrent which rushes down close by, travellers frequently seek the protection of this rock. (Hervey.)" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "convenience of the water supply from a hill torrent which rushes down close by, travellers frequently seek the protec" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "ition, about a mile north of the suspension-bridge over the Chandra Bhaga, and the convenience of the water supply f" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "s south of the town of that name, above the road leading towards Doda. On the path beneath the village an immense" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kandpur", "historical_name": "KANDPUR", "modern_name": "Kandpur", "pdf_page": 225, "pdf_viewer_page": 239, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the edge of the Karalu Puthur table-land, about 2 miles north-east of Bij-Behara. It contains about 12 houses, and produces corn.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.8, "source_longitude": 75.166667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 48'. Long. 75° 10'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kashmir Off Road", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kanelwan", "historical_name": "KANELWAN", "modern_name": "Kanelwan", "pdf_page": 225, "pdf_viewer_page": 239, "latitude": 33.79388889, "longitude": 75.16305556, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanelwan", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=7987307234620418901&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 2: Historical Kanelwan is the tehsil station of Dachinpora; modern Kanelwan/Kanalwan is a village in Bijbehara/Dachnipora, Anantnag. Wikipedia link added.", "blurb": "A village in the Dachinpára pargana, of which it is the tehsil station.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=7987307234620418901", "source_latitude": 33.8, "source_longitude": 75.2, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 48'. Long. 75° 12'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJUVm3l6ga4jgRVSt1f5yd2G4", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 95, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in the Dachinpára pargana, of which it is the tehsil station" } ], "feature_notes": "Village serving as tehsil station.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kanetta", "historical_name": "KANETTA", "modern_name": "Kanetta", "pdf_page": 225, "pdf_viewer_page": 239, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Punch, in the Haveli pargana, situated above the left bank of the Suran river. The village, which is inhabited by Mohamedans, is divided into two separate parts, and contains in all about 50 houses.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.75, "source_longitude": 74.2, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 45'. Long. 74° 12'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kah-Nee-Ta Resort and Spa", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the Haveli pargana, situated above the left bank of the Suran river. The village, which is inhabited by Mohamedans" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kangam-nag", "historical_name": "KANGAM NAG", "modern_name": "Kangam Nag", "pdf_page": 225, "pdf_viewer_page": 239, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A spring situated about three quarters of a mile north-east of Sof, on the direct path leading into the Nowbug valley. It rises in a natural pool in a pretty grassy dell, shaded by trees. The pool, which is about 25 feet in diameter, contains some small fish. The water of this spring, though very clear and bright, and pleasing both to sight and taste, is not esteemed by the natives. It does not appear to be impregnated by iron or any other mineral substance.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.616667, "source_longitude": 75.35, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 37'. Long. 75° 21'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Lake / spring / water site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Naranaag", "no_match_score": -3, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "spring", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: Lake / spring / water site" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "KANGAM NAG. Kangam Nag. Lake / spring / water site. A spring situated about" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "of a mile north-east of Sof, on the direct path leading into the Nowbug valley. It rises in a natural pool in a p" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kangan", "historical_name": "KANGAN", "modern_name": "Kangan", "pdf_page": 225, "pdf_viewer_page": 239, "latitude": 34.294644, "longitude": 75.216892, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangan,_Jammu_and_Kashmir", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=14633849176855777409&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 2: Historical Kangan is one of the large villages in the Sind valley; modern Kangan is a town/tehsil in Ganderbal on the Sind/Nallah Sindh corridor. Wikipedia link added.", "blurb": "One of the largest villages in the Sind valley, situated on the right bank of the river. It contains a large building, which is used as a mosque. The land in the neighbourhood is fruitful and well cultivated. There is a well shaded spot suitable for encamping, and supplies and water are procurable. (Moorcroft.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=14633849176855777409&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.266667, "source_longitude": 74.933333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 16'. Long. 74° 56'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJIZGGcTwz4jgRgZAh-0rgFcs", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 96, "features": [ "village", "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "One of the largest villages in the Sind valley" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "It contains a large building, which is used as a mosque" } ], "feature_notes": "Village that contains a mosque.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kangwattan", "historical_name": "KANGWATTAN", "modern_name": "Kangwattan", "pdf_page": 225, "pdf_viewer_page": 239, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A few Gujar's hats, situated in a beautiful glade amid the mountains, on the right bank of the Veshau river, about a mile south of the junction of the Chitti Nadi. At this spot the river is bridged by a single pine tree, about 95 feet in length, thrown across the stream; it may also be forded.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.6, "source_longitude": 74.816667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 36'. Long. 74° 49'. Elev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kongwattan Meadow", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kankatori", "historical_name": "KANKATORI", "modern_name": "Kankatori", "pdf_page": 226, "pdf_viewer_page": 240, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This river, which is more frequently called the Sargan or the Sarasúti, takes its rise on the range of mountains forming the water-shed between the valley of the Kishen Ganga and Chilás. It flows in a southerly direction, and empties itself into the Kishen Ganga, lat. 34° 48'; long. 74° 14', almost opposite the village of Sharidi. It is crossed by a kádal bridge just above the junction, and a path towards Chilás lies up its course.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "rgan or the Sarasúti, takes its rise on the range of mountains forming the water-shed between the valley of the Kis" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "KANKATORI. Kankatori. Village. This river, which is more frequently called the Sargan or the Sarasúti, take" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "illage of Sharidi. It is crossed by a kádal bridge just above the junction, and a path towards Chilás lies up its co" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "kádal bridge just above the junction, and a path towards Chilás lies up its course." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kanknai", "historical_name": "KANKNAI", "modern_name": "Kanknai", "pdf_page": 226, "pdf_viewer_page": 240, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A stream which rises on the eastern slopes of the Haramuk mountain, and flowing through the Lár pargana, empties itself into the Sind river, lat. 34° 16', long. 74° 56', near the village to Küpára. (Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kaniwaan springs (mhr)", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "KANKNAI. Kanknai. Village. A stream which rises on the eastern slopes of the Haramuk mountain, and fl" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kankot", "historical_name": "KANKOT", "modern_name": "Kankot", "pdf_page": 226, "pdf_viewer_page": 240, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village lying on the right bank of the Drúngli stream, close to its junction with the Súrán river; it is situated above the path, about 3 miles east of Púnch.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.766667, "source_longitude": 74.166667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 46'. Long. 74° 10. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kandhkot", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Village. A large village lying on the right bank of the Drúngli stream, close to its junction with the Súrán river" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "h the Súrán river; it is situated above the path, about 3 miles east of Púnch." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kanna-tsetteputra", "historical_name": "KANNA TSETTEPUTRA", "modern_name": "Kanna Tsetteputra", "pdf_page": 226, "pdf_viewer_page": 240, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village containing four houses inhabited by zemindars, situated on the slope of the spur about 2 miles north of Drang, in the Birwa pargana.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.983333, "source_longitude": 74.6, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 59'. Long. 74° 36'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "The Kannaz", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kannow", "historical_name": "KANNOW", "modern_name": "Kannow", "pdf_page": 226, "pdf_viewer_page": 240, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Naoshera, between Mirpúr and Kotli, about 2 miles from the left bank of the Púnch Toi. It contains 30 houses, the inhabitants being Mohamedans, and one Hindú shop-keeper.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.35, "source_longitude": 73.833333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 21'. Long. 73° 50'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kongwattan Meadow", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "rpúr and Kotli, about 2 miles from the left bank of the Púnch Toi. It contains 30 houses, the inhabitants being Mo" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kanpur", "historical_name": "KANPUR", "modern_name": "Kanpur", "pdf_page": 226, "pdf_viewer_page": 240, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, opposite Baramúla. (Allgood.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.2, "source_longitude": 74.366667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 12'. Long. 74° 22'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kashmir Palace", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ur. Village. A village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, opposite Baramúla. (Allgood.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kansar-bal", "historical_name": "KANSAR BAL", "modern_name": "Kansar", "pdf_page": 226, "pdf_viewer_page": 240, "latitude": 32.9676538, "longitude": 75.7458885, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1207345571154672909&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: kansar, XP9W+396, Bhaderwah, Forest Block, 182222. Score 72; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village containing seven or eight houses, situated near the mouth of the Kol Narawa valley, about a mile south-east of Hanjipúr.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1207345571154672909&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.616667, "source_longitude": 74.966667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 37'. Long. 74° 58'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJqx1GSmz_HDkRDb3QcWZawRA", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 72, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": ", situated near the mouth of the Kol Narawa valley, about a mile south-east of Hanjipúr." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kansira", "historical_name": "KANSIRA", "modern_name": "Kansira", "pdf_page": 226, "pdf_viewer_page": 240, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village situated on the slopes of the mountains a few miles south-east of Badrawár. It contains six houses inhabited by Hindús of the lowest caste.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.966667, "source_longitude": 75.783333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 58'. Long. 75° 47'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kansia maira کانسیہ میرا", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kantar-nag", "historical_name": "KANTAR NAG", "modern_name": "Kantar Nag", "pdf_page": 226, "pdf_viewer_page": 240, "latitude": 33.955776, "longitude": 74.360682, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Kantar%20Nag%20Tangmarg%20Baramulla", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 6: Historical Kantar Nag is the small lake north of the Firozpur pass near Gulmarg; modern Kantar Nag/Kanter Nag lake references place it in Tangmarg/Baramulla at about 33°57′20.8″N, 74°21′38.5″E, so coordinates were tightened slightly.", "blurb": "A small lake lying on the Pansál range, to the north of the Firozpúr pass. It is said to be distant 6 koss from the Gulmarg by a good path.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=3823170834884183047", "source_latitude": 33.966667, "source_longitude": 74.4, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 58'. Long. 74° 24'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Lake / spring / water site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJF4IyW9mw4TgRB8TnSJ6hDjU", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 94, "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "A small lake lying on the Pansál range" } ], "feature_notes": "Entry is a small lake.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kanyagund", "historical_name": "KANYAGUND", "modern_name": "Kanyagund", "pdf_page": 226, "pdf_viewer_page": 240, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Birwa pargana, situated on the right bank of the Suknág river, which here flows in numerous channels through a wide stony bed. The streams are fordable, and may also be crossed by a series of kádal bridges. The village contains about 12 houses, of which 7 are inhabited by zemindars and 5 by fakírs.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": 74.616667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34°. Long. 74° 37. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "in the Birwa pargana, situated on the right bank of the Suknág river, which here flows in numerous channels throug" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "s through a wide stony bed. The streams are fordable, and may also be crossed by a series of kádal bridges. The villag" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kanzalwan", "historical_name": "KANZALWAN", "modern_name": "Kanzalwan", "pdf_page": 226, "pdf_viewer_page": 240, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Gúrás valley, situated at the end of a steep wooded spur on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga. It is distant about 25 miles north of Bandipúr, and is the third stage on the high road from Kashmír towards Skardo. Astor may likewise be reached from this village, by a path lying up the valley of the Gagnai stream; it is described as being a good road, but is not now used.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.65, "source_longitude": 74.75, "source_coordinate_text": "(Dard, KANZALWAR) — Lat. 34° 39'. Long. 74° 45'. Elev. 7,400 feet.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kanzalwan - Dawar Road", "no_match_score": 50, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Kanzalwan. Village. A village in the Gúrás valley, situated at the end of a steep wooded spur on the left bank of t" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "5 miles north of Bandipúr, and is the third stage on the high road from Kashmír towards Skardo. Astor may likewise" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kaormang", "historical_name": "KAORMANG", "modern_name": "Kaormang", "pdf_page": 227, "pdf_viewer_page": 241, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Lachrát district, on the eft bank of the Kishen Ganga; it lies on the slopes of the mountains 2 or 3 miles south of the path between Panchgram and Nosudda-Nosera. Including the divisions called Shadrah, Bandi, and Mojni, there are said to be 18 houses in all in the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.416667, "source_longitude": 3.7, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 25'. Long. 3° 42'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Botanical Garden, Kokernag", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "village in the Lachrát district, on the eft bank of the Kishen Ganga; it lies on the slopes of the mountains 2 or" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "of the mountains 2 or 3 miles south of the path between Panchgram and Nosudda-Nosera. Including the divisions cal" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kaplas", "historical_name": "KAPLAS", "modern_name": "Kaplas", "pdf_page": 227, "pdf_viewer_page": 241, "latitude": 32.833333, "longitude": 75.6333329, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=14697611104091724892&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 7: Historical Kaplas is the mountain/Kund Kaplas lake area between Badrawar/Bhaderwah and Basohli near the Chatardhar pass; existing Kaplas/Dhar Suej candidate retained.", "blurb": "A lofty mountain in the range between Badrawár and the Basouli district it lies on the west flank of the Chatardhár pass. As its sides are very precipitous, less snow remains upon it than on neighbouring peaks of inferior elevation. On the north side of the mountain lie the Kúnd Kaplas, a cluster of tarns. Sera Jatíka, Kalka, Kalikúnd Nág, are some of the names given to the smaller pools. Hindús make pilgrimages to these lakes in the month of August, for the purpose of bathing in the waters, which are esteemed sacred. The path by which they are approached lies up the course of the Halúni stream, from the direction of Badrawár, and is described as being very rough and difficult.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=14697611104091724892&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.866667, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 52'. Lon. 75° 43'. Elev. 14,241 feet.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJXWJzHdpWHDkRXFw5im1n-Ms", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 92, "features": [ "mountain", "river_or_lake", "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "mountain", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "A lofty mountain in the range between Badrawár and the Basouli district" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "On the north side of the mountain lie the Kúnd Kaplas, a cluster of tarns." }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "Hindús make pilgrimages to these lakes in the month of August, for the purpose of bathing in the waters, which are esteemed sacred" } ], "feature_notes": "Mountain with sacred lakes (tarns) used as a pilgrimage bathing site.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kapran", "historical_name": "KAPRAN", "modern_name": "Kaprin", "pdf_page": 227, "pdf_viewer_page": 241, "latitude": 33.4310233, "longitude": 75.3416704, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Kaprin+192212/@33.4310233,75.3416704,6308m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x391d92c1ade9834d:0xce8a1392dd00792f!8m2!3d33.4327745!4d75.3630796!16s%2Fm%2F05p2999?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 candidate batch: Historical Kapran is at the south-east end of Shahabad valley above the left bank of the Sandran; modern Kaprin/Kapran in the Kokernag-Shahabad area preserves the name and setting. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A village situated towards the south-east extremity of the Shahabad valley, above the left bank of the Sándran. It consists of a few scattered huts inhabited principally by blacksmiths. Iron is mined in the neighbourhood.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Kaprin+192212/@33.4310233,75.3416704,6308m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x391d92c1ade9834d:0xce8a1392dd00792f!8m2!3d33.4327745!4d75.3630796!16s%2Fm%2F05p2999?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.466667, "source_longitude": 75.4, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 28'. Long. 75° 24'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJTYPprcGSHTkRL3kA3ZITis4", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village situated towards the south-east extremity of the Shahabad valley" } ], "feature_notes": "Described explicitly as a village, inhabited by blacksmiths; iron mining nearby is a local activity, not a separate feature.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "karempura", "historical_name": "KAREMPURA", "modern_name": "Karempura", "pdf_page": 227, "pdf_viewer_page": 241, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "There is said to be but one house in this village, which lies just to the southeast of Khipúr, by the path between Patan and the Gulmarg.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.116667, "source_longitude": 74.483333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 7'. Long. 74° 29'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Karam Pura", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ies just to the southeast of Khipúr, by the path between Patan and the Gulmarg." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "karen", "historical_name": "KAREN", "modern_name": "Karen", "pdf_page": 227, "pdf_viewer_page": 241, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "One of the largest villages in the Drawar district; it is situated on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga river, and forms the division between Upper and Lower Drawar. There are two islands in the bed of the river opposite the south end of the village; and just below these islands there are the remains of a kadal bridge, which was erected seven years ago, and lately carried away; it will, it is said, be rebuilt; in the mean time a rope bridge is suspended between the abutments. At either end of the bridge there is a sexagonal masonry tower, with loopholed walls and a sloping shingle roof covered with earth. That on the left bank of the river has been nearly destroyed by fire, but is to be rebuilt. The garrison of these forts is said to number about 20 men. A considerable stream flows down into the Kishen Ganga through the south end of the village; this torrent seems to posses no distinctive name, beyond that of the Kashmir-ka-kutta; the road leading towards the Kashmir valley by the Puthra Galli lying along its banks. bogana, a village lying to the south-west of Karen, may, it is said, be reached by a path lying along the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, but it is described as being very rough; there is also a path over the mountains to the north, to the village of Bar, opposite Talli Lohát. Karen contains a masjid and a musáfri-khána, and about 25 houses inhabited by zemindars, including a barber and a carpenter. There is a customs establishment maintained in the village during the summer months, but duties, are it is said, only levied on the goods of traders. A strict watch is maintained at the bridge to prevent unauthorized emigration. Rice is grown around the village, but this cultivation does not extend further up the valley of the Kishen Ganga. There are a few fields on the right bank of the river opposite the village, at the edge of a narrow grassy plain which is strewn with vast rocks.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.666667, "source_longitude": 73.983333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 40'. Long. 73° 59'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "Paragraph continues on the next page.", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Keran", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "fort", "village", "religious_site", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "of the river opposite the south end of the village; and just below these islands there are the remains of a kadal br" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "Bar, opposite Talli Lohát. Karen contains a masjid and a musáfri-khána, and about 25 houses inhabited by zemindars," }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ng towards the Kashmir valley by the Puthra Galli lying along its banks. bogana, a village lying to the south-west" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Drawar district; it is situated on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga river, and forms the division between Upper a" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "ow these islands there are the remains of a kadal bridge, which was erected seven years ago, and lately carried awa" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "karkarp-r", "historical_name": "KARKARPÚR", "modern_name": "Karkarpúr", "pdf_page": 228, "pdf_viewer_page": 242, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, between Awntipúr and Pampúr. The Ramchú river flows into the Jhelam, just below it, and behind it there are some fine shady trees and also two old temples and cemeteries. These ruins are so deeply buried in the ground, that without an excavation it is impossible to ascertain their character or antiquity. The name of this village may possibly be a corruption of Khagendrapúra. If so, this would be the oldest historical site in Kashmir, as King Khagendra flourished in the fifth century before Christ. Vigne, who remarks that these ruins are scarcely worth visiting after Martund, adds, \"the geologist, however, would be better repaid than the antiquarian, by observing the long ridges of limestone strata on which the table-land above the village is supported, jutting out perpendicularly to a height of 30 or 40 feet in some places, close to the river, and on the north side, and which is consequently nearly the lowest limestone in the valley, and probably the only locality where it appears in the open plain.\" From Karkarpúr there is a good road to Pampúr, and also to the ruins at Payech. (Vigne—Groves.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.95, "source_longitude": 74.966667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 57'. Long. 74° 58'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "llage. A small village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, between Awntipúr and Pampúr. The Ramchú river flow" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "open plain.\" From Karkarpúr there is a good road to Pampúr, and also to the ruins at Payech. (Vigne—Groves.)" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "also two old temples and cemeteries. These ruins are so deeply buried in the ground, that without an excavation it" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "karnao", "historical_name": "KARNAO", "modern_name": "Karnah", "pdf_page": 228, "pdf_viewer_page": 242, "latitude": 33.1591511, "longitude": 76.2605843, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9104676844047028894&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Karnah, Tyari 182204. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A district lying north-west of Kashmír, on the south side of the Kishen Ganga; it comprises the valleys of the Kázi Nág and Shamshabari streams, which unite about 3 miles east of Titwál, where they flow into the Kishen Ganga river. These valleys are very fruitful and extensively cultivated; the grassy mountains by which they are surrounded are, for the most part, bare of forest, and of inconsiderable elevation, except on the east and southsides. The northern portion of the valley is traversed by the road between Sháldrah and the village of Titwál, on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga; the path lies through the Nattishanna Galli during the summer months, and by the Kukwa Galli in winter. This portion of the valley may also be reached by shepherds’ paths from the left bank of the Kishen Ganga. The direct road from Sopiúr to the Kishen Ganga lies through the southern portion of the valley, crossing the Títmari Galli, and joining the northern route near the village of Shárt, shortly before reaching Titwál. There are also mountain paths communicating with the districts on the north side of the Jhelam. The tributary Rajahs of Karnao, who resided in the village of Gabra, in the middle of the valley, seem to have been of some importance, and are stated to have ruled over a considerable district, comprising the whole of the Kishen Ganga valley as far north as Sharidi, and the tract lying on the banks of the Jhelam, as far as the confluence of the Kishen Ganga, and their authority seems to have extended into Kamraj. Rajah Shere Ahmud, who is said to have been the seventh of his family, who succeeded to the title of Rajah or Nawab of Karnao, was the son of Rajah Munsur Khan; he rebelled against the Maharajah in 1867, and collecting his retainers on the north side of the Kishen Ganga, severed communication with the left bank; after a while his followers, mistrusting the temerity of their leader, deserted him; in this extremity the Rajah claimed the protection of the Akhund of Swat, which was refused; he then applied to the British Government with a like result, and, as a last resource, threw himself on the mercy of the Maharajah, who spared his life, assigning a small jagir in the Kashmir valley for the maintenance of the Rajah and his family. The misunderstanding and eventual rebellion of Shere Ahmud is stated to have thus arisen: The Maharajah sent to cut timber near the village of Baran, on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, and the wood was appropriated by Rajah Shere Ahmud for a house he was erecting; the Maharajah's servants having expostulated in vain, reported the matter to their master, who sent certain officers to make an investigation; these were maltreated by Shere Ahmud, who especially wreaked his vengeance on the news-writer; the Maharajah then moved troops in the direction of Karnao, when the Rajah raised the standard of revolt. The Karnao valley is now included in the jurisdiction of the zillahdar of Mozafarabad.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9104676844047028894&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.233333, "source_longitude": 73.833333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 14' and 34° 26'. Long. 73° 50' and 74°.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJFxqaWYMlHTkRntIl3FlPWn4", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "anga; the path lies through the Nattishanna Galli during the summer months, and by the Kukwa Galli in winter. This" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "h-west of Kashmír, on the south side of the Kishen Ganga; it comprises the valleys of the Kázi Nág and Shamshabari streams" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "n portion of the valley is traversed by the road between Sháldrah and the village of Titwál, on the left bank of t" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "karnao-2", "historical_name": "KARNAO", "modern_name": "Karnah", "pdf_page": 229, "pdf_viewer_page": 243, "latitude": 33.1591511, "longitude": 76.2605843, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9104676844047028894&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Karnah, Tyari 182204. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A fort situated in the middle of the northern portion of the Karnao valley, where it is something less than a mile in width. It lies on the bare plain just south of the village of Tangdar. The walls, which are loopholed, are about 50 feet high, built of stone connected with bands of timber, and are double at the west end. At each corner there is a bastion tower. A rill from the Shamsbahari stream flows through the fort. The garrison is said to number 100 sepoys, besides 50 who are accommodated in a line of huts on the north side of the fort. It is said that this fort was first built during the Sikh occupancy of Kashmir, and Jodh Singh was appointed Killadar. Shere Ahmud, Rajah of Karnao, forged an order directing him to return to Kashmir with his garrison, and the ruse succeeding, the Rajah attacked Jodh Singh and his troops as they were leaving the valley; he also burned the fort. At a later date ill feeling arose between the Rajah, who lived at Gabra, and his younger brother, Mozdin Khan, who held the valley of the Shamsbahari in jagir, and resided in the village of Tangdar; the latter appealed to the Maharajah, who caused the fort of Karnao to be rebuilt and garrisoned. Previous to this, the Karnao Rajahs, though tributary to Kashmir, had been left in undisturbed possession of their estates.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9104676844047028894&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.4, "source_longitude": 73.9, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 24'. Long. 73° 54'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJFxqaWYMlHTkRntIl3FlPWn4", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "fort", "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "It lies on the bare plain just south of the village of Tangdar. The walls, which are loopholed, are about 50 feet hig" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "iddle of the northern portion of the Karnao valley, where it is something less than a mile in width. It lies on the" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "karney-gad", "historical_name": "KARNEY GAD", "modern_name": "Karney Gad", "pdf_page": 229, "pdf_viewer_page": 243, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A stream which drains the Bhunjwar district between Badrawar and Kishtwar. It unites with the Kar Gad from the south, and empties itself into the Chandra Bhag, lat. 33° 9', long. 75° 51'. Its waters are of a deep green colour, contrasting with the muddy hues of the Chenab. The road between Kishtwar and Badrawar crosses this stream by a good broad wooden bridge. (Hervey.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Civil Secretariat Jammu", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "crosses this stream by a good broad wooden bridge. (Hervey.)" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ting with the muddy hues of the Chenab. The road between Kishtwar and Badrawar crosses this stream by a good broad" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "karoli", "historical_name": "KAROLI", "modern_name": "Karoli", "pdf_page": 229, "pdf_viewer_page": 243, "latitude": 34.2858921, "longitude": 73.5675105, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?sca_esv=cb596a67502e2f5f&rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS1170US1188&output=search&q=karoli+muzaffarabad&source=lnms&fbs=ADc_l-aN0CWEZBOHjofHoaMMDiKpaEWjvZ2Py1XXV8d8KvlI3o6iwGk6Iv1tRbZIBNIVs-6UIUc6UR6SuJFZzmDZDaBCsNznQsaPDK_TJo-svcqPY6JwBSd2ZpCpAEGFTzqDT7GMCvGJoHyI9ZJe_SxDw0MIXIYJNwFA0n-lbaHJhGXUHL6LsAmozTnlxrycOkHiWXofX1qfhBV2tLcyj33QQu-8WFGsrw&entry=mc&ved=1t:200715&ictx=111", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Karoli. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A somewhat important town, containing several well built houses; it is favourably situated on an elevated plain on the left bank of the Jhelam, about 9 miles south-east of Mozafarabad. Below it the river forms a sudden bend, and a pretty island starts from its waters. Hügel states that the whole aspect of the place greatly reminded him of an Italian village. (Hügel.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=6777927620309162002&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.3, "source_longitude": 78.6, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 18'. Lang. 78° 36'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJV-ybhFub4DgREhjWeUIJEF4", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "town" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "A somewhat important town, containing several well built houses; it is favourably situated on an elevated plain" } ], "feature_notes": "Entry itself is a town by description.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "karoti", "historical_name": "KAROTI", "modern_name": "Karoti", "pdf_page": 230, "pdf_viewer_page": 244, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Kishtiwar, containing seven houses situated on the left bank of the Líder Khol, about a mile north of Bagú. There is a bridge across the river beneath the village, from which there is a path leading over the mountains to Rámband.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.2, "source_longitude": 75.516667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 12'. Long. 75° 31'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ontaining seven houses situated on the left bank of the Líder Khol, about a mile north of Bagú. There is a bridge" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "hol, about a mile north of Bagú. There is a bridge across the river beneath the village, from which there is a path" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "beneath the village, from which there is a path leading over the mountains to Rámband." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "karpora", "historical_name": "KARPORA", "modern_name": "Karpora", "pdf_page": 230, "pdf_viewer_page": 244, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This place, which contains but one house and the ziarát of Syud Abdúlla, is situated just to the south-east of the village of Brimbur, on the left bank of the Arpat, in the Kuthár pargana. It is surrounded by rice cultivation.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.766667, "source_longitude": 75.466667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 46'. Long. 75° 28'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kakapora", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "east of the village of Brimbur, on the left bank of the Arpat, in the Kuthár pargana. It is surrounded by rice cul" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "karpur", "historical_name": "KARPUR", "modern_name": "Karpur", "pdf_page": 230, "pdf_viewer_page": 244, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village about 3 miles west of Nowbug, on the path to Shángas, by the Harrikan Galli. All the houses in this village are almost entirely constructed of wood, though two and three stories high. Clumps of poplar trees are found near, and pines grow in dense forests on the hills skirting the path from Nowbúg. The path from Karpúr to Shángas is first an ascent, followed by a long wooded and rather steep descent into the Kuthár pargana. (Hervey.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.65, "source_longitude": 75.366667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 39'. Long. 75° 22'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Jammu & Kashmir", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ug, on the path to Shángas, by the Harrikan Galli. All the houses in this village are almost entirely constructed o" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "illage about 3 miles west of Nowbug, on the path to Shángas, by the Harrikan Galli. All the houses in this village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kasht-ghar", "historical_name": "KASHT GHAR", "modern_name": "Kasht Ghar", "pdf_page": 230, "pdf_viewer_page": 244, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the spur some little distance from the right bank of the Chandra Bhága, between that river and the Líder Khol stream. There was in former times a fort at this place; it now contains about 15 houses, with a mixed population of Hindús and Mohammedans. The Líder Khol is bridged beneath the village on the path leading to Doda, which lies about 7 miles to the east.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.15, "source_longitude": 75.5, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 9'. Long. 75° 30'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "fort", "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "T GHAR. Kasht Ghar. Fort / historic site. A village situated on the spur some little distance from the right bank of" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "he spur some little distance from the right bank of the Chandra Bhága, between that river and the Líder Khol strea" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "Khol is bridged beneath the village on the path leading to Doda, which lies about 7 miles to the east." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kathai", "historical_name": "KATHAI", "modern_name": "Kathai", "pdf_page": 230, "pdf_viewer_page": 244, "latitude": 34.1549702, "longitude": 73.8391253, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Ayesha+(R.A)+masjid+kathai/@34.1549702,73.8391253,458m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e08bd28e7fd755:0x52a63b7bd827c494!8m2!3d34.1560221!4d73.8399018!16s%2Fg%2F11nnth94dn?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manually updated from user-provided Google Maps shortlink for Kathai; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small village on the right bank of the Jhelam, in a district of the same name; it lies on the road between Mozafarabad and Baramúla, and is situated high above the river in the middle of wide and open plateau. There is a fort about a mile south-east of the village, and on the west a double-storied bungalow, containing five rooms for the use of travellers. The fort is a simple square enclosure with mud walls; the houses in the village are likewise constructed of mud and wood. Hügel estimates Kathai to be 2,200 feet lower than the valley of Kashmir, and remarks that the vegetation in the neighbourhood begins to assume a more tropical character. The district of Kathai was in former times governed by a Rajah whose family now reside in the village of Palapúra, in Kamráj, as pensioners of the Maharajah. The raj formed a portion of what was called the Lowarbid district, under Enaetulla Khán, a descendant of the old reigning family of Mozafarabad; he left his possessions equally divided between his two sons, giving Doputta to his eldest, Futteh Khán, and Kathai to his younger, Walli Khán. Zulfikar Khán, grandson of Walli Khán, was in possession of this Raj when dewan Kirpa Rám entered the district as governor on the part of the Lahore Government; he fled at the approach of the Sikhs, but being overtaken by snow on the high range behind Kathai, when attempting to cross over into Karnao, was frozen to death with about 100 followers.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Ayesha+(R.A)+masjid+kathai/@34.1549702,73.8391253,458m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e08bd28e7fd755:0x52a63b7bd827c494!8m2!3d34.1560221!4d73.8399018!16s%2Fg%2F11nnth94dn?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 34.15, "source_longitude": 73.883333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 9'. Long. 73° 53'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJv3cCmjRt3jgR_ap0krJGFtA", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village", "fort", "serai" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A small village on the right bank of the Jhelam" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "There is a fort about a mile south-east of the village" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "on the west a double-storied bungalow, containing five rooms for the use of travellers" } ], "feature_notes": "Village is primary; fort is described near the village (one mile SE), may be considered part of the entry. The bungalow for travellers is a serai.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "katta", "historical_name": "KATTA", "modern_name": "Katta", "pdf_page": 231, "pdf_viewer_page": 245, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Lower Drawar, situated on the mountain side to the east of Simari, on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga. It lies in a narrow valley at the junction of two small streams. The fields and houses, of which latter there are about 20, stretch for a considerable distance up the hill sides. Most of the inhabitants are zemindars of the Chutwal caste; there is also one Kashmiri family and a few Gujars. The path from Barán towards the Chowgalli pass lies through the upper part of the village, near a single chunar tree, beneath which there is a small spring.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.433333, "source_longitude": 73.8, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 26'. Long. 73° 48'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Chitta Katha Lake", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "spring", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": ". The path from Barán towards the Chowgalli pass lies through the upper part of the village, near a single chunar" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "in side to the east of Simari, on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga. It lies in a narrow valley at the junction o" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "chunar tree, beneath which there is a small spring." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "o one Kashmiri family and a few Gujars. The path from Barán towards the Chowgalli pass lies through the upper part" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kaurpara", "historical_name": "KAURPARA", "modern_name": "Kaurpara", "pdf_page": 231, "pdf_viewer_page": 245, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village lying on the left bank of the Shamshabari stream, on the south side of the Karnao valley, about half a mile south-west of the fort. It contains some mills, and about 20 houses inhabited by Kashmiri zemindars, and produces both rice and corn.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.383333, "source_longitude": 73.883333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 23'. Long. 73° 53'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kaur Para", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "fort", "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "KAURPARA. Kaurpara. Fort / historic site. A village lying on the left bank of the Shamshabari stream, on the south si" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "historic site. A village lying on the left bank of the Shamshabari stream, on the south side of the Karnao valley" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kawanine", "historical_name": "KAWANINE", "modern_name": "Kawanine", "pdf_page": 231, "pdf_viewer_page": 245, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Saremozebala pargana, situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, at the confluence of a nala.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.833333, "source_longitude": 75.1, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 50'. Long. 75° 6'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Saremozebala pargana, situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, at the confluence of a nala." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kazi-nag", "historical_name": "KAZI NAG", "modern_name": "Kazi Nag", "pdf_page": 231, "pdf_viewer_page": 245, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of the stream which drains the southern portion of the Karnao valley; it is joined by the Shamshabari in a deep ravine between the villages of Chamkoti and Chittarkot, and empties itself into the Kishen Ganga at Titwal, lat. 34° 23', long. 73° 49'. At Titwal, where the stream is about 50 feet broad and not fordable, it is crossed by two kadal bridges and by another about 2 miles higher up, near the village of Shárt.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "The Kazinag National Park - Jammu & Kashmir, India", "no_match_score": 18, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "spring", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "KAZI NAG. Kazi Nag. Village. The name of the stream which drains the south" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "KAZI NAG. Kazi Nag. Village. The name of the stream which drains the south" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "e the stream is about 50 feet broad and not fordable, it is crossed by two kadal bridges and by another about 2 miles" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kechama", "historical_name": "KECHAMA", "modern_name": "Kechama", "pdf_page": 231, "pdf_viewer_page": 245, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated near the left bank of the Jhelam, about 5 miles south-west of Baramúla, on the south of the road from Marí. To the east of this village the valley of the Jhelam opens out into a broad, oval, and cultivated plain, surrounded by low and well wooded hills. (Luce.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.166667, "source_longitude": 74.333333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 10'. Long. 74° 20'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kitchama", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": ". Village. A village situated near the left bank of the Jhelam, about 5 miles south-west of Baramúla, on the south" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "south-west of Baramúla, on the south of the road from Marí. To the east of this village the valley of the Jhelam o" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kehpura", "historical_name": "KEHPURA", "modern_name": "Kehpura", "pdf_page": 231, "pdf_viewer_page": 245, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Saremozebala pargana, situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, just west of Murháma.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.833333, "source_longitude": 75.116667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 50'. Long. 75° 7'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Saremozebala pargana, situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, just west of Murháma." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "keigham", "historical_name": "KEIGHAM", "modern_name": "Keigham", "pdf_page": 231, "pdf_viewer_page": 245, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated at the south-east end of the Uttar pargana. A path from this village towards the Loláb valley meets those from Kúndi to Sangram and Sandigham; they are good roads and quite passable for laden ponies. The march is about five hours' easy walking. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.466667, "source_longitude": 74.366667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 28'. Long. 74° 22'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "A path from this village towards the Loláb valley meets those from Kúndi to Sangram and Sandigham; they are good ro" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "the south-east end of the Uttar pargana. A path from this village towards the Loláb valley meets those from Kúndi" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kenipater", "historical_name": "KENIPATER", "modern_name": "Kenipater", "pdf_page": 231, "pdf_viewer_page": 245, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A valley on the northern slopes of the Amrsáth mountain, to the west of the Zoji La pass. It is drained by a stream, which takes its rise from a glacier at the south end of the valley, and forms one of the sources of the Sind river. (Moorecroft.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Keran sector", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "pass" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "mrsáth mountain, to the west of the Zoji La pass. It is drained by a stream, which takes its rise from a glacier a" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "khanap-r", "historical_name": "KHANAPŪR", "modern_name": "Khanapūr", "pdf_page": 232, "pdf_viewer_page": 246, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Birwa pargana, situated about a mile north-east of Drang, on the road towards Srinagar; it contains a masjid, and nine houses inhabited by zemindars, including a carpenter and a mūlla. There are also three government store-houses in the village, which are not now used.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.966667, "source_longitude": 74.6, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 58'. Long. 74° 36'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "on the road towards Srinagar; it contains a masjid, and nine houses inhabited by zemindars, including a carpenter an" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ed about a mile north-east of Drang, on the road towards Srinagar; it contains a masjid, and nine houses inhabited" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "khanap-ra", "historical_name": "KHANAPŪRA", "modern_name": "Khanapūra", "pdf_page": 232, "pdf_viewer_page": 246, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the Machhīpūra pargana, containing five houses surrounded by rice cultivation; it lies about 3 miles south-east of Magham, by the road between Sopūr and Shaldrāha.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.433333, "source_longitude": 74.3, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 26'. Long. 74° 18'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "about 3 miles south-east of Magham, by the road between Sopūr and Shaldrāha." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "khandial", "historical_name": "KHANDIAL", "modern_name": "Kandial", "pdf_page": 232, "pdf_viewer_page": 246, "latitude": 32.8615339, "longitude": 74.505312, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=3026550669446486457&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Kandial. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village lying at the foot of the mountains on the south side of the Gūriās valley, about 11 miles west of the fort. There is a shady spot for encamping on the east side of the village, near the ziārat of Baba Durvesh, on the bank of the Gugan stream, which is said to flow from a pool on the Kisser mountain to the south; its waters are bright and clear, and very cold; the stream is crossed by a bridge, and may also be forded. The village, which is somewhat scattered, lies a little distance from the left bank of this torrent; it contains a masjid, and about 16 houses inhabited by zemindars, including the kotwal, a mūlla, and a shepherd. There is also a small spring in the village and two mills.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=3026550669446486457&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.633333, "source_longitude": 74.866667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 38'. Long. 74° 52'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJYfjaPSdfHjkRuRkUa8x3ACo", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "fort", "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "spring", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "KHANDIAL. Kandial. Fort / historic site. A village lying at the foot of the mountains on the south side of the Gūriā" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "he left bank of this torrent; it contains a masjid, and about 16 houses inhabited by zemindars, including the kotwal" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "e mountains on the south side of the Gūriās valley, about 11 miles west of the fort. There is a shady spot for encam" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "ūlla, and a shepherd. There is also a small spring in the village and two mills." }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": ", and very cold; the stream is crossed by a bridge, and may also be forded. The village, which is somewhat scattered" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "khanp-r-serai", "historical_name": "KHANPŪR SERAI", "modern_name": "Khanpūr Serai", "pdf_page": 232, "pdf_viewer_page": 246, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A very small village situated on a high and comparatively barren plateau, about 5 miles north of Ramū, on the road towards Srinagar. Some large chunar trees shade the Serai, which is old and out of repair, but contains two or three rooms available for travellers. The only supplies, however, obtainable are milk and wood. There is space for encamping round about the serai. (Vigne—Hügel—Aylgood—Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.933333, "source_longitude": 74.866667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 56'. Long. 74° 52'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Serai / rest house", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "The Sarai Srinagar", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "serai", "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "serai", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "serai", "quote": "admin_status: Serai / rest house" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "pūr Serai. Serai / rest house. A very small village situated on a high and comparatively barren plateau, about 5 mile" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "lateau, about 5 miles north of Ramū, on the road towards Srinagar. Some large chunar trees shade the Serai, which" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kharidaman", "historical_name": "KHARIDAMAN", "modern_name": "Kharidaman", "pdf_page": 232, "pdf_viewer_page": 246, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This village is said to lie distant 9 koss north-west of Pūnch; it is situated in the Tat district, and lies on one of the routes between Pūnch and Mari.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.866667, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 52'. Long. 74°. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kirmani Abad", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "khaznabai", "historical_name": "KHAZNABAI", "modern_name": "Khanabal", "pdf_page": 232, "pdf_viewer_page": 246, "latitude": 33.7410932, "longitude": 75.1297279, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khanabal", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=15999787584553951347&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 manual candidate batch: Historical Khaznabai is best read as Khanabal/Khanebal, the Anantnag market town on both banks of the Jhelum; this matches the entry's river/route context. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A clearing and a few huts situated on the right bank of the Veshau, about 2 miles south-east of Sedau. The Veshau here flows in a wide channel, which is crossed partly by stepping stones and fording, and by a bridge about 55 feet long over the main stream.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=15999787584553951347&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.65, "source_longitude": 74.833333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 39'. Long. 74° 50'. Elev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJkfiuDXQF4jgRcyALowmqCt4", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "ly by stepping stones and fording, and by a bridge about 55 feet long over the main stream." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "khip-r", "historical_name": "KHIPŪR", "modern_name": "Khipūr", "pdf_page": 232, "pdf_viewer_page": 246, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This village, which lies partly in the Bangil pargana and partly in Kruhin, is divided into the upper and lower village, Petpūra and Bunpūra. It lies on the east side of a low sloping spur, about 7 miles south-west of Patan and Pahlalun, on the path towards the Gulmarg. There is a tan-yard in the village and two masjids, and about 18 families of zemindars, a carpenter, blacksmith, oilman, leather-worker, and two sweepers, and also two Pandits, who are the patwaris. A grassy meadow below the village, shaded by a line of poplars and other trees, offers a convenient situation for encamping. Water is obtainable from a channel which is said to be brought from a spring in the neighbouring village of Mogulpūra. To the east of the village there is the stony bed of a torrent, which dries in summer, its waters probably being abstracted early in its course for irrigation purposes.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.133333, "source_longitude": 74.483333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 8'. Long. 74° 29'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Jammu & Kashmir", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "spring", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "of the village there is the stony bed of a torrent, which dries in summer, its waters probably being abstracted earl" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "channel which is said to be brought from a spring in the neighbouring village of Mogulpūra. To the east of the vill" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "es south-west of Patan and Pahlalun, on the path towards the Gulmarg. There is a tan-yard in the village and two m" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "khojaseri", "historical_name": "KHOJASERI", "modern_name": "Khojaseri", "pdf_page": 233, "pdf_viewer_page": 247, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Upper Drawar, situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, a few miles south-west of Sharidi; it contains three houses inhabited by zemindars, who also cultivate the fields on the site marked Doga, where there are no habitations.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.766667, "source_longitude": 74.183333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 46'. Long. 74° 11'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Jammu & Kashmir", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "lage in Upper Drawar, situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, a few miles south-west of Sharidi; it contai" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "khorda", "historical_name": "KHORDA", "modern_name": "Khorda", "pdf_page": 233, "pdf_viewer_page": 247, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "One of a cluster of villages situated high up above the right bank of the Lider Khól stream, on the south-east slopes of a spur from the Lohar Nág mountain; it contains 10 houses inhabited by Hindús.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.2, "source_longitude": 75.483333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 12'. Long. 75° 29'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "f villages situated high up above the right bank of the Lider Khól stream, on the south-east slopes of a spur from" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "khorpura", "historical_name": "KHORPURA", "modern_name": "Khorpura", "pdf_page": 233, "pdf_viewer_page": 247, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the Danú pargana, containing three houses surrounded by rice cultivation; it lies about half a mile south-east of Pajipúra.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.933333, "source_longitude": 74.683333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 56'. Long. 74° 41'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Khorampora", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "khoupara", "historical_name": "KHOUPARA", "modern_name": "Khoupara", "pdf_page": 233, "pdf_viewer_page": 247, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A pargana in the Anat Nág zillah of the Miráj division; it comprises the district north-east of Islámábád, on the left bank of the Lídar river. The tehsíl station is at Sir. Copper is found in the mountains at the north-east end of the pargana, and the mines at Harpat Nág were formerly worked. From Goguldar, a shepherds' settlement near Harpat Nág, a footpath lies over the mountains, by which the Maru Wardwan valley may be reached during certain seasons; and an excellent road, lying over the Metsúj hill, communicates with the Kuthár pargana.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kupwara", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "town", "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "d, on the left bank of the Lídar river. The tehsíl station is at Sir. Copper is found in the mountains at the north-east end" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "ormerly worked. From Goguldar, a shepherds' settlement near Harpat Nág, a footpath lies over the mountains, by which the" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ed during certain seasons; and an excellent road, lying over the Metsúj hill, communicates with the Kuthár pargana" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kuhi", "historical_name": "KUHI", "modern_name": "Kuhi", "pdf_page": 233, "pdf_viewer_page": 247, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small pargana in the Kamráj division. The tehsíl business is transacted at Sopúr.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kuhi", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "Defaulted to village because no explicit feature evidence was found." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "khuih-ma", "historical_name": "KHUIHÁMA", "modern_name": "Khuiháma", "pdf_page": 233, "pdf_viewer_page": 247, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A pargana in the Kamráj division; it is a large plain, bounded on the three sides towards the north by the Kashmír ridge of hills, and on the south by the Wular lake. It is a very fertile district, its chief produce being rice. Fruit trees also abound. When surveyed between the years 1856 and 1860, this pargana contained 59 villages and 602 houses. The tehsíl station is at Bandipúra. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Jammu & Kashmir", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "town", "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "a contained 59 villages and 602 houses. The tehsíl station is at Bandipúra. (Montgomerie.)" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "hree sides towards the north by the Kashmír ridge of hills, and on the south by the Wular lake. It is a very fertil" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "dge of hills, and on the south by the Wular lake. It is a very fertile district, its chief produce being rice. Fru" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "khujag-nd", "historical_name": "KHUJAGÚND", "modern_name": "Khujagúnd", "pdf_page": 233, "pdf_viewer_page": 247, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the top of the spur above the left bank of the Suknág river, to the west of the road between Makháma and Drang. It is inhabited by two families of zemindars, a shál-báf, and a cowherd.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.983333, "source_longitude": 74.6, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 59'. Long. 74° 36'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Jammu and Kashmir", "no_match_score": -3, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "uated on the top of the spur above the left bank of the Suknág river, to the west of the road between Makháma and" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ank of the Suknág river, to the west of the road between Makháma and Drang. It is inhabited by two families of zem" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kh-nd", "historical_name": "KHÚND", "modern_name": "Khúnd", "pdf_page": 233, "pdf_viewer_page": 247, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a lovely strath situated at the south end of the Kashmír valley, between the Diosur and Shahabad parganas. It is separated from the plains of Kashmír by a wooded ridge of hills, and the craggy peaks and precipices of Kol Narawa rise directly behind it. The Khúnd valley is oval in shape, about 3 miles long and 2 miles broad, and contains sundry villages; the lower and east sides are hilly, but the upper portion is all well cultivated, and fruit trees everywhere abound. The climate is said to be coolest in Kashmír, and in the hot weather the valley is much resorted to on this account. The streams which irrigate the Khúnd valley are augmented by a spring which rises in the forest at its upper end. This spring is said to become dry about the 1st September, and to remain so for six months; it is probably therefore fed by the snows on the Pansal range. Vigne, in his description of the Khûnd valley, mentions that the Poh tree, which furnishes a very hard description of wood, grows here plentifully, and that he also saw specimens of a poisonous wood called arkola, which when green blisters the hand that holds it. This tree droops its branches like a weeping ash. (Vigne—Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.583333, "source_longitude": 75.166667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 35'. Long. 75° 10'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Jammu and Kashmir", "no_match_score": -3, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ated from the plains of Kashmír by a wooded ridge of hills, and the craggy peaks and precipices of Kol Narawa rise" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "th situated at the south end of the Kashmír valley, between the Diosur and Shahabad parganas. It is separated from t" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "rrigate the Khúnd valley are augmented by a spring which rises in the forest at its upper end. This spring is said t" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kilah-shay", "historical_name": "KILAH SHAY", "modern_name": "Kilah Shay", "pdf_page": 234, "pdf_viewer_page": 248, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A stream which rises in the lofty mountains on the north side of the Tilail valley, and flows into the Kishen Ganga, in lat. 34° 37', long. 75° 1'. The path lying up the Tilail valley crosses this stream just above the junction; it may also be forded. There are said to be two villages on its banks, Saddi Kilah Shay, containing two houses, is described as lying 2 koss from the mouth of the valley, and Ispch Kilah Shay, containing a masjid and six houses, about 2 koss further on.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "valley, and Ispch Kilah Shay, containing a masjid and six houses, about 2 koss further on." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "KILAH SHAY. Kilah Shay. Village. A stream which rises in the lofty mountains on the north side of the Tilai" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "n Ganga, in lat. 34° 37', long. 75° 1'. The path lying up the Tilail valley crosses this stream just above the jun" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kimsaran", "historical_name": "KIMSARAN", "modern_name": "Kimsaran", "pdf_page": 234, "pdf_viewer_page": 248, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A mountain in the range lying to the east of the Lolab valley; between it and Gannmara to the north-west, the range is apparently highly impregnated with iron ore. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.633333, "source_longitude": 74.566667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 38'. Long. 74° 34'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "imsaran. Gazetteer entry. A mountain in the range lying to the east of the Lolab valley; between it and Gannmara to" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "in the range lying to the east of the Lolab valley; between it and Gannmara to the north-west, the range is apparent" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kinari", "historical_name": "KINARI", "modern_name": "Kinari", "pdf_page": 234, "pdf_viewer_page": 248, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Upper Drawar, containing two houses, situated above the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, about 1½ miles south-west of Talli Lohát. The Babún-ka-Katta, a considerable stream which flows into the Kishen Ganga, just to the south of the village, is crossed by a bridge below it.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.683333, "source_longitude": 73.983333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 41'. Long. 73° 59'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "aining two houses, situated above the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, about 1½ miles south-west of Talli Lohát. Th" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "o the south of the village, is crossed by a bridge below it." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kindar", "historical_name": "KINDAR", "modern_name": "Kindar", "pdf_page": 234, "pdf_viewer_page": 248, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A very small village situated on the side of a ravine on the right bank of the Jhelam, about 28 miles south-east of Mozafarabad; it lies about a mile north of the road to Baramúla. There is a double-storied traveller's bungalow on the path, about 50 feet above the river. (Hüger—Allgood—Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.183333, "source_longitude": 73.783333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 11'. Long. 73° 47'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "CHINAR Kashmir", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "serai", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "road to Baramúla. There is a double-storied traveller's bungalow on the path, about 50 feet above the river. (Hüger—All" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "tuated on the side of a ravine on the right bank of the Jhelam, about 28 miles south-east of Mozafarabad; it lies" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "afarabad; it lies about a mile north of the road to Baramúla. There is a double-storied traveller's bungalow on th" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kindora", "historical_name": "KINDORA", "modern_name": "Kindora", "pdf_page": 234, "pdf_viewer_page": 248, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This is said to be a large village containing about 25 houses; it is situated in the Dowal district, on the south side of the pass near the Golábgarh fort.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.433333, "source_longitude": 74.95, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 26'. Long. 74° 57'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kongdoori Phase 1", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "fort", "village", "pass" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "/ historic site. This is said to be a large village containing about 25 houses; it is situated in the Dowal district," }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "he Dowal district, on the south side of the pass near the Golábgarh fort." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kishen-ganga", "historical_name": "KISHEN GANGA", "modern_name": "Kishanganga / Neelum River", "pdf_page": 234, "pdf_viewer_page": 248, "latitude": 34.5976244, "longitude": 74.9334741, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neelum_River", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=12927369455206567564&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-04 candidate batch: Historical Kishen Ganga is the river now commonly identified as the Kishanganga/Neelum River. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "The Kishen Ganga, or the river of Krishna, takes its rise at the eastern extremity of the Tilail valley, and flowing in a western direction is soon joined by the Raman Sind from the south, and after affecting a junction with the Bírzíl, a stream of equal dimensions, it bends in a north-westerly direction through the Gúrás valley and the Drawar district, and rounding the northern boundary of Kashmír, turns to the south-west, emptying itself into the Jhelam, lat. 34° 21', long. 73° 31', just below the town of Mozafarabad. Cunningham estimates the whole length of the Kishen Ganga at 180 miles, and its probable discharge at 1,000 cubic feet. With the exception of the ferry at Mozafarabad, it is no where navigable. Major Montgomerie, in his account of the survey operations in Kashmir, describes the valley of the Kishen Ganga as being throughout very precipitous, and for the greater part little better than a chasm in the mountains; he adds, \"it is indeed almost impossible for even the best pedestrians without loads to follow the river from Tiwtal to Gúrás, and any one wishing to do so would prefer going actually along the northern ridge of the Kashmir valley.\" In some parts of its course the river scenery is very wild and beautiful.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=12927369455206567564&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJE3TwuARd4TgRjI7SAQc-Z7M", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 72, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "town", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ld prefer going actually along the northern ridge of the Kashmir valley.\" In some parts of its course the river sce" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "KISHEN GANGA. Kishanganga / Neelum River. Town. The Kishen Ganga, or the river" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "1,000 cubic feet. With the exception of the ferry at Mozafarabad, it is no where navigable. Major Montgomerie, in h" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kishen-ganga-2", "historical_name": "Kishen Ganga", "modern_name": "Kishenganga River", "pdf_page": 235, "pdf_viewer_page": 249, "latitude": 34.389629, "longitude": 75.121806, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neelum_River", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=12927369455206567564&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Kishenganga River, 193503. Score 72; review before marking final.", "blurb": "The principal tributaries of the Kishen Ganga are the Raman Sind, which has been mentioned as joining it from the south side of the Tilail valley; the Búrzil stream, which flows through the north-east portion of the Gúrais valley; the Mutsil, a considerable stream which drains the mountainous tract to the north of the Kashmir valley; the Kailáb, which drains a similar district on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, south of Chilás and Astor, and flows in nearly opposite the Mutsil. The natives describe the Kailáb as running into the Kishen Ganga at right angles, and with such force and volume as to arrest its course, causing a large whirlpool just above the junction.\n\nAt the north end of the Drawar district, the Kishen Ganga is joined on the right bank, nearly opposite to Shari di, by the Kankatori or Sargan, and in the middle of the same district, also on the right bank, by the Jagran river, receiving the united waters of the Shamshabari and Kazi Nág streams, the drainage of the Karnao valley, by its left bank at the village of Titwal. Besides the tributaries above enumerated, the Kishen Ganga receives contributions from innumerable streams and torrents. The force of the current, always very great, varies considerably in places; on reaching the valley in which Mozafarabad stands, a few miles above its junction with the Jhelam, it moderates perceptibly.\n\nIts waters are throughout of a murky hue, and carry with them much detritus, owing to the friable nature of the mountains amid which they flow. A thermometer immersed in the stream at the village of Tseniál, on the Búrzil branch (22nd July), registered 44° to 52° in the air; at Titwal, above the junction of the stream from the Karnao valley (21st August), 56° to 78°; and at Mozafarabad (16th August), 60° to 89° in the air; and at the junction (17th August), 61° to 89° in the air; the same thermometer immersed in the Jhelam rising to 78°.\n\nAt the point of junction the Jhelam, which has the swifter current, flows in almost at right angles to the course of the Kishen Ganga; the right bank of the united rivers is much the higher. Throughout the upper part of its course, as far as the Gúrais fort, the river is said to be completely frozen over during the winter; to the west of the fort ice forms in still places, but of no great strength or thickness. From about the beginning of September to the end of April the Kishen Ganga is stated to be fordable at favourable places at and above Gúrais fort, and as far down the valley as the village of Sirdári; below the village and fort of Sharidi it is reported never to be fordable.\n\nIn its course through the Tilail valley the Kishen Ganga is crossed by wooden bridges below the villages of Gújrind, Húsikoi, and Badagam, and between the villages of Muzakoi and Jurnial, the bridge at Badagam is about 75 feet in span; there is likewise a wooden bridge over the river below the Gúrais fort, which measures about 125 feet between the abutments; a mile or two further down near the village of Wanpúra there is another bridge of similar description, but rather less span.\n\nBelow the village of Kanzalwan it is crossed by the main road leading towards Skardo; the over when at its height flows in two channels, which are both bridged; that over the main stream, which lies on the right bank, measuring about 110 feet in length, and 44 feet in breadth, at the narrowest part between the balustrades. The next bridge crosses the stream between Bakthaoar and Thaoubt, and is about 125 feet long; the river has also been bridged at the Thaoubt, and is about 125 feet long.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=12927369455206567564", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJE3TwuARd4TgRjI7SAQc-Z7M", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 72, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "The principal tributaries of the Kishen Ganga... The Kishen Ganga is said to be completely frozen over during the winter... throughout the upper part of its course" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "In its course through the Tilail valley the Kishen Ganga is crossed by wooden bridges... the bridge at Badagam is about 75 feet in span... bridge over the river below the Gúrais fort... there is another bridge of similar…" } ], "feature_notes": "The entry is the river Kishen Ganga; multiple bridges cross it and are described as part of the river course.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "das-t-2", "historical_name": "Dasút", "modern_name": "Dasút", "pdf_page": 236, "pdf_viewer_page": 250, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "At Dasút there is a fragile zampa bridge, and another just east of the village of Dúdinal.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "SinthanTop Daksum Kashmir", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "Village. At Dasút there is a fragile zampa bridge, and another just east of the village of Dúdinal." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "karen-2", "historical_name": "Karen", "modern_name": "Karen", "pdf_page": 236, "pdf_viewer_page": 250, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The wooden bridge which crossed the river just below the two islands opposite the village of Karen has lately been carried away; it is said that this bridge will be rebuilt, in the mean time a suspension-bridge supplies its place. Between Bögan and Lalla there is a rope suspension-bridge, and the remains of similar bridges may be traced between Sharkot and Bára, and between Mirpúr and Bára.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Keran", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "illage. The wooden bridge which crossed the river just below the two islands opposite the village of Karen has late" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "Karen. Karen. Village. The wooden bridge which crossed the river just below the two islands opposite the v" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "there is a rope suspension-bridge, and the remains of similar bridges may be traced between Sharkot and Bára, and be" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "k-dnal-bridges", "historical_name": "Kádnal bridges", "modern_name": "Kádnal Bridges", "pdf_page": 236, "pdf_viewer_page": 250, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "Besides these, temporary kádnal bridges, made of planks and trunks of trees, are, it is said, pushed across the stream at various places during the winter months when the river falls.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Chenab Rail Bridge (World's Highest Rail Bridge)", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "titwal", "historical_name": "Titwal", "modern_name": "Teetwal", "pdf_page": 236, "pdf_viewer_page": 250, "latitude": 34.3889235, "longitude": 73.7718055, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teetwal", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Teetwal+Neelam+LOC+Bridge/@34.3889235,73.7718055,1158m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e0959c7fab8827:0xd17816bb78f4f881!8m2!3d34.3894383!4d73.7702952!16s%2Fg%2F11l2v1zzsg?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 manual candidate batch: Historical Titwal/Tithwal corresponds to modern Teetwal on the Kishanganga/Neelum line near Tangdhar; spelling variation is documented by modern references. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "At Titwal a substantial wooden bridge is thrown across the narrow rocky chasm through which the river flows. No other bridges are met with until reaching Mozafarabad, just above which town there is a rope suspension-bridge; the traveller can also cross the river in the ferry boat, which is said to ply all the year round, except for a short period in the depth of winter, when the stream falls too low for the boat to make the passage in safety. Below the town and above the junction of the Jhelam the natives are accustomed to swim the stream with the aid of maskás, or inflated skins.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Teetwal+Neelam+LOC+Bridge/@34.3889235,73.7718055,1158m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e0959c7fab8827:0xd17816bb78f4f881!8m2!3d34.3894383!4d73.7702952!16s%2Fg%2F11l2v1zzsg?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJNflMA3OU4DgRJ8BTckozeEY", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 66, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "bridge_or_ferry", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "a substantial wooden bridge is thrown across the narrow rocky chasm through which the river flows" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "a rope suspension-bridge" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "the traveller can also cross the river in the ferry boat" } ], "feature_notes": "Although admin_status says town, excerpt describes 'the town' but no direct primary designation of town size; presence of multiple bridges and ferry crossing central to place; no clear evidence it is a large settlement so village chosen as primary_feature.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kishen-ganga-valley-road-to-skardo", "historical_name": "Kishen Ganga valley (road to Skardo)", "modern_name": "KISHANGANGA VALLEY", "pdf_page": 236, "pdf_viewer_page": 250, "latitude": 34.6689587, "longitude": 74.6781003, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=17069781512545333653&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: MM9H+H6Q, Gurez Valley, Bagtore, 193503. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "The high road from the Kashmir valley to Skardo lies along the upper portion of the valley of the Kishen Ganga, from the village of Kanzalwan to near the source of the Búrzi stream. The avalanches that fall in winter, and the huge rocks carried down by them, would soon render this road impassable, but for the labours of the Maharajah’s troops, by whom it is annually repaired before the despatch of stores for the support of the frontier garrisons. In a north-westerly direction a path lies by the banks of the river as far as the village of Sirdari, a little beyond which place it entirely ceases. The course of the river between Sirdari and Sharidi can only be followed at certain seasons of the year, when the waters are low; even then it has been but seldom accomplished, and is a matter of no little difficulty and danger. Between Sharidi and Mozafarabad the river may be traced throughout its entire course; the path, which is only practicable for foot passengers, is very rough, and but little used.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=17069781512545333653&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJFwMXclFB4TgRlXHLmNgL5Ow", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Kishen Ganga valley (road to Skardo). KISHANGANGA VALLEY. Village. The high ro" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "Kishen Ganga valley (road to Skardo). KISHANGANGA VALLEY. Village. The high road from the K" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kishen-ganga-fish-and-local-beliefs", "historical_name": "Kishen Ganga (fish and local beliefs)", "modern_name": "Kishen Ganga", "pdf_page": 236, "pdf_viewer_page": 250, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "Vigne states that the Kishen Ganga contains a great many fish, but the inhabitants of the valley would seem to be unable to catch them, as they form no part of their diet; he further adds that he was cautioned not to eat the roe of the fish, it being considered poisonous, and that one of his servants disregarding the warning became alarmingly ill.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kishanganga Hydroelectric Project", "no_match_score": -37, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "n Ganga contains a great many fish, but the inhabitants of the valley would seem to be unable to catch them, as they form" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Kishen Ganga (fish and local beliefs). Kishen Ganga. Gazetteer entry. Vigne st" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kishtw-r", "historical_name": "KISHTWÁR", "modern_name": "Kishtwar", "pdf_page": 237, "pdf_viewer_page": 251, "latitude": 33.3115906, "longitude": 75.7662195, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kishtwar", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=15736182452145923727&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 manual candidate batch: Historical Kishtwār is the modern Kishtwar town/region; public references preserve Kishtwar as the modern spelling and district center. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "The name of a province lying on the east side of the Maharajah's dominions. It is bounded on the north by Kashmir and the Maru Wardwan valley, on the south by Badrawár, on the east by the Chandra Bhága river, and on the west by the districts of Rámband and Banihál. It is a very mountainous district, and is bisected by the Chandra Bhága, which on being joined by the Maru Wardwan river flows almost due south through the middle of the province. The present condition of Kishtwár is not that of the times of its rightful Rajah, who claimed, in common with the Maliks of Shahabad in Kashmir, a descent from Nurshívan, king of Persia, and whose grandfather was the first Mohamedan Rajah of the country. The Moghul emperors were kindly disposed towards the Rajahs of Kishtwár, and gave them jágírs or grants of land in Kashmir, which they possessed till the time of the Sikhs. Abdallah Khán, who, as governor of the valley, made himself independent of his master, Timur Sháh, the Amir of Kábul, took Budrawár and gave it to the Rajah of Kishtwár. The frontier of the latter province was at one time extended to that of Ladák, by the possession of Maru Wardwan and Súrú. After being taken possession of by Gulab Singh of Jamú, the oppression and rapacity of the Sikhs reduced the revenue to a paltry amount of a few thousand rupees per annum; in A.D. 1850 it was said not to exceed 3,000 Hari Singhi rupees. The people of Kishtwár are a fine made race in general, especially the Hindú portion, and are morally much superior to the Kashmiris, being more straightforward and cheerful. The language of Kishtwár is not that of Kashmir, but is said to resemble the dialect spoken on the hills in the neighbourhood of Simla. The Mohamedan population rather exceeds the number of the Hindús. The villages are so small as scarcely to be worthy the name, but the people generally live two or three families together, and the number in some houses is very considerable, amounting to 15 or 17, including children; 7, however, may be taken as a fair average. The coarse puttu, or woollen cloth, worn by the people is made by themselves. The dress of the men consists of a loose jacket and long loose trousers tightened in at the foot, with a small cap, and sometimes a blanket wound round the loins; a pair of grass shoes completes the costume. The women wear a long broad piece of puttu round the body and coming over the shoulders, and fastened by two curious long brass pins, with a chain connecting them. Most of them wear a sort of skull cap, and some of them trousers. Parts of Kishtwár have been compared to a perfect orchard, in which luscious wild fruits abound. Apples, pears, peaches, and pomegranates load the trees, and some of the poorer classes are said to subsist almost entirely upon fruit during the time it is in season. A good deal of Ladák merchandise finds its way into Kishtwár, principally tea, felt, and pushm. Salt is also largely imported, but mostly from the Panjáb. Flocks of goats and sheep are taken from Kishtwár in the month of November, and early in December to the pastures near Jamú, where they remain about five months, a tax of one per cent. being levied on the way. Leopards, bears, jackals, foxes, porcupines, eagles, vultures, falcons, kites, hawks, and it is said hares, are found in the mountains of Kishtwár. The wild goat, called the tehr at Simla and Mussoorie, is common upon the mountains, where it is known by the name of the krâs. The mushk-deer is called the rouz; the gural or chamois is called the pijûr. The hanglu, or stag of Kashmir, is also said to be common on the western bank of the Chenáb, and between that river and the Pansál. The scream of the peafowl is occasionally to be heard. The monal is called níl or \"the blue bird;\" the hen is called the haum. A pheasant, which from description may be supposed to be the argus of the Himalaya, is here called the hulal, and its hen is called munk. The kalej pheasant is called the buklar. The jungal fowl and the red leg are common. The Chenáb is said to contain but one kind of fish, probably the common Himalaya trout. Vigne was told that three kinds of snakes were met with in Kishtwár, one of which is the cobra; that it is smaller than that of the plains, but its bite equally to be dreaded. The cure is attempted as is usual in these countries, by mantar or incantation, by drawing a circle of water round the wound, and the repetition of certain words. (Vigne—Hervey—Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=15736182452145923727&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.166667, "source_longitude": 75.416667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 10' and 33° 25' Long. 75° 25' and 76° 10'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJjeRhziULHTkRj6bk_JAmYto", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "mountain", "forest", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "The villages are so small as scarcely to be worthy the name" }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "It is a very mountainous district" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "bisected by the Chandra Bhága" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "wood and water are to be had in abundance" } ], "feature_notes": "The entry describes the province with small villages, mountainous terrain, rivers, and forest resources.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kishtw-r-2", "historical_name": "KISHTWÁR", "modern_name": "Kishtwar", "pdf_page": 238, "pdf_viewer_page": 252, "latitude": 33.32, "longitude": 75.77, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kishtwar", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=15736182452145923727&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Kishtwar. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "The principal town in the province of the same name; is called Kartawár by the Kashmiris. It is situated near the left bank of the Chandra Bhága, on a plain which is about 2 miles in width and 5 in length, and lies about 74 miles south-east of Islamabad by the Marbal pass, and 46 miles north of Badrawár. It is distant twelve marches from the town of Jamú, and seven from Inshin, in the Maru Wardwan valley, and twenty from Kulang in Lahaul, by the road which follows the course of the Chandra Bhága. The soil of the plain upon which Kishtwár is situated rests upon a sub-stratum of gneiss.\n\nThe mountains which tower on every side are coated with oaks and hollies, whilst their summits are covered with snow and fir-trees, and justify, by their influence on the climate, the assertions contained in the following translation of a hill distich, by which their neighbours, the Kashmiris, have endeavoured to ridicule the poverty of the place:—Kishtwár is the causeway of distress, where people are hungry by day and cold by night; whoever comes there, when he goes away is as meagre as the flag-staff of a fakír.\n\nSeveral streams come tumbling down to the river from a very great elevation; one in particular opposite the town has a shooting fall of many hundred feet, which, when swelled by the melting of the snows, must be a cascade of no ordinary magnitude. Villages are scattered over the plain, and are usually surrounded by hedgeless fields, raised in plateaux, and irrigated by the little streams that flow over it from the eastward, and wheat, barley, and rice are cultivated upon them. A little saffron is also grown, which is said to be of superior quality to that of Kashmir; and apples, pears, peaches, apricots, and quinces, are fine and tolerably abundant.\n\nIn the immediate vicinity of the town, water for irrigation purposes is scarce, but wheat of a superior quality, Indian corn, a little rice, barley, trûmba, and other of the coarser grains are grown. That the town of Kishtwár was formerly much larger than it is at present, the remains of stone fountains, one below the other down the ravine below the town, testify. It now consists of about a hundred small houses, or rather cottages, not roofed like those of Kashmír, but flat topped, and of one story generally, and composed of wood, loose stones, and a plaster of mud. Fruit trees are planted amongst them.\n\nThe principal street is occupied by the bázár, and contains 15 or 20 looms for weaving shawls of inferior quality. Coarse woollen blankets are also manufactured. The Mahomedan population of Kishtwár rather exceeds the number of Hindús. The favourite ziárat, or shrine of the former, stands about a quarter of a mile from the town on the north. But the glory of the Hindús is a small black image of stone, about a mile and a half from the town, and known as the goddess with eight arms, two only are visible, as she is closely muffled up in clothes. The house of the old Rajahs is surrounded by a mud fort erected on a sort of eminence commanding the town.\n\nAfter the Sikhs took possession of Kishtwár, it was used as a prison, and the building in the Shalamar, a favourite garden of the old Rajah's, situated in a cool and well shaded ravine on the eastward of the town, was razed to the ground, and all pains taken to remove any objects that were likely to cherish the recollection of the former dynasty. The fort is said to contain two guns with a garrison of twenty men. On the greensward before the town is the changhan or polo ground, and the stone pillars which formed the goals are still standing.\n\nTo the present day the villagers assemble in the months of December and January, and play a game with bent sticks and a leather ball, exactly resembling hockey. Cholera has been known to be prevalent in Kishtwár as late in the season as the early part of November. (Vigne—Hervey—Montgomerie).", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=15736182452145923727", "source_latitude": 33.316667, "source_longitude": 75.8, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 19'. Long. 75° 48'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJjeRhziULHTkRj6bk_JAmYto", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "town", "fort", "religious_site", "garden" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "The principal town in the province of the same name... now consists of about a hundred small houses" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "The house of the old Rajahs is surrounded by a mud fort erected on a sort of eminence commanding the town" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "The favourite ziárat, or shrine of the former, stands about a quarter of a mile from the town... a small black image of stone... known as the goddess with eight arms" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "the building in the Shalamar, a favourite garden of the old Rajah's, situated in a cool and well shaded ravine on the eastward of the town" } ], "feature_notes": "Town is primary; fort, shrines (ziarat and goddess image), and garden present in or near the town.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kithri-teng", "historical_name": "KITHRI TENG", "modern_name": "Kithri Teng", "pdf_page": 239, "pdf_viewer_page": 253, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A hamlet lying on the right bank of the Jhelam, just north of Bij-Behára.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.8, "source_longitude": 75.15, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 48'. Long. 75° 9'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "ITHRI TENG. Kithri Teng. Gazetteer entry. A hamlet lying on the right bank of the Jhelam, just north of Bij-Behára." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "azetteer entry. A hamlet lying on the right bank of the Jhelam, just north of Bij-Behára." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kofw-ra", "historical_name": "KOFWÁRA", "modern_name": "Kofwára", "pdf_page": 239, "pdf_viewer_page": 253, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated in a glen on the right bank of the Loláb stream, at the western end of the valley. It contains about 20 houses, which are much scattered. The most convenient spot for encamping is in a grassy dell in the centre of the village, shaded by trees, and surrounded with low hills on all sides but the east, which looks up the valley of the stream.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.533333, "source_longitude": 74.3, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 32'. Long. 74° 18'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": ". A village situated in a glen on the right bank of the Loláb stream, at the western end of the valley. It contain" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "koh-la", "historical_name": "KOHÁLA", "modern_name": "Kohala", "pdf_page": 239, "pdf_viewer_page": 253, "latitude": 34.0919, "longitude": 73.4968, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohala,_Pakistan", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=16335050232111801141&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Kohala. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, 21 miles north-east of Mari, on the high road leading into Kashmir; it is distant about 29 miles from Hatian by the old road, and 40 koss by the new. In the neighbourhood this village is commonly called Pathan, or the Pass. The Jhelam, which here forms the boundary between British territory and Kashmir, is a deep and rapid stream, about 75 yards wide, and its banks are steep and rocky. It is crossed by an iron suspension-bridge, which has lately been erected, His Highness the Maharajah of Kashmir contributing through the Panjáb Government Rs. 42,000 towards its cost. There is also a ferry, but the passage occupies about half an hour. There are various paths lying over the mountains between Kohála and Púnch; they are described as being practicable for cattle.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=16335050232111801141", "source_latitude": 34.116667, "source_longitude": 73.533333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 7'. Long. 73° 32'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJzyFoAG-A4DgRNaMvqaPBseI", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "It is crossed by an iron suspension-bridge... There is also a ferry" } ], "feature_notes": "Village described as the entry; the iron suspension-bridge and ferry cross the river at or near the village and are part of the entry.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kohalin", "historical_name": "KOHALIN", "modern_name": "Kohalin", "pdf_page": 239, "pdf_viewer_page": 253, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Kruhin pargana, containing about 16 houses, situated on the slopes of the hill above the left bank of the Ningri stream.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.116667, "source_longitude": 74.416667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 7'. Long. 74° 25'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ed on the slopes of the hill above the left bank of the Ningri stream." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kohil", "historical_name": "KOHIL", "modern_name": "Kohil", "pdf_page": 240, "pdf_viewer_page": 254, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the valley of Kashmir, about 5 miles south-west of Awantpúr, and a mile north-east of Payech. On its southern side, about 100 yards beyond, a fine spring which issues from the foot of the plateau, there is a small, roofless, and half-buried ruined temple, resembling that in the Manasbal lake. (Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.883333, "source_longitude": 74.983333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 53'. Long. 74° 59'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kohli", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "s a small, roofless, and half-buried ruined temple, resembling that in the Manasbal lake. (Ince.)" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "HIL. Kohil. Village. A small village in the valley of Kashmir, about 5 miles south-west of Awantpúr, and a mile nort" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "uthern side, about 100 yards beyond, a fine spring which issues from the foot of the plateau, there is a small, roof" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "koinabal", "historical_name": "KOINABAL", "modern_name": "Koinabal", "pdf_page": 240, "pdf_viewer_page": 254, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated about 2 miles east of Pampúr; it lies amid the rice fields, on the direct path from that town towards Shár.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.016667, "source_longitude": 74.983333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 1'. Long. 74° 59'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "Minor OCR artifact at 'the rice fields'.", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Khanabal", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "town", "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "KOINABAL. Koinabal. Town. A village situated about 2 miles east of Pampúr; it lies amid the rice fiel" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "it lies amid the rice fields, on the direct path from that town towards Shár." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "koireta", "historical_name": "KOIRETA", "modern_name": "Koireta", "pdf_page": 240, "pdf_viewer_page": 254, "latitude": 33.3495964, "longitude": 74.0310629, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khuiratta_Tehsil", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Khuirata/@33.3495964,74.0310629,1898m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x391fd09df3a92c41:0x7834151e9225f7b2!8m2!3d33.3475434!4d74.0305305!16s%2Fg%2F11ynrjvn8?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the province of Naoshera, situated on the left bank of the Ban stream; it lies in a well cultivated and undulating plain 4 or 5 miles broad, surrounded by hills. A short distance to the south-east, on the high bank of the river, there are two baradaris well shaded by mulberry trees. Supplies can be procured, but are precarious. Koireta is distant about 24 koss north-west of Bhimber, and 9 koss south-east of Kotli, and lies on the road between those places. (Vigne—Allgood.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Khuirata/@33.3495964,74.0310629,1898m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x391fd09df3a92c41:0x7834151e9225f7b2!8m2!3d33.3475434!4d74.0305305!16s%2Fg%2F11ynrjvn8?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.366667, "source_longitude": 74.066667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 22'. Long. 74° 4'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village", "garden" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in the province of Naoshera, situated on the left bank of the Ban stream" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "There are two baradaris well shaded by mulberry trees" } ], "feature_notes": "Village is primary; baradaris with trees serve as garden-like features.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kokgund", "historical_name": "KOKGUND", "modern_name": "Koka Gund", "pdf_page": 240, "pdf_viewer_page": 254, "latitude": 34.201235, "longitude": 74.7268106, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=15262261633945132520&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 manual candidate batch: Historical Kokgund is a close preserved-name match to modern Koka Gund; existing candidate coordinates identify a same-name Kashmir locality. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A village in the Shahabad valley, situated about half a mile south-east of Vernág, of which place it is considered to form a part. It consists of a few double-storied wooden houses shaded by trees.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=15262261633945132520&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.533333, "source_longitude": 75.3, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 32'. Long. 75° 18'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJSVDl6lGc4TgR6F1f2BdyztM", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ka Gund. Village. A village in the Shahabad valley, situated about half a mile south-east of Vernág, of which place" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kol", "historical_name": "KOL", "modern_name": "Kol", "pdf_page": 240, "pdf_viewer_page": 254, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village in the Kol Narawa valley. The houses, which are built principally of wood, are double-storied, and have pent and thatched roofs. Wowul Kol, a smaller village, lies about a quarter of a mile to the north.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.916667, "source_longitude": 75.033333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 55'. Long. 75° 2'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Nund Kol", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Village. A large village in the Kol Narawa valley. The houses, which are built principally of wood, are double-stor" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kolahoi", "historical_name": "KOLAHOI", "modern_name": "Kolahoi", "pdf_page": 240, "pdf_viewer_page": 254, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of the valley at the northernmost source of the Lidar. It derives this appellation from a stone, which has a natural hollow, where a fakír used to reside. This stone is still an object of veneration to a few people. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.216667, "source_longitude": 75.333333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 13'. Long. 75° 20'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Mount Kolahoi", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": ". Kolahoi. Gazetteer entry. The name of the valley at the northernmost source of the Lidar. It derives this appellat" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kolang-molang", "historical_name": "KOLANG MOLANG", "modern_name": "Kolang Molang", "pdf_page": 240, "pdf_viewer_page": 254, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name given to the northern slopes of the Kolang and Molang peaks, in Upper Drawar, situated respectively in lat. 34° 41', and 34° 39', long. 74° 4', on the south side of the Kishen Ganga river.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kolhama", "historical_name": "KOLHAMA", "modern_name": "Kulhama", "pdf_page": 240, "pdf_viewer_page": 254, "latitude": 34.0583631, "longitude": 74.4738108, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13904492999838234712&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Kulhama 193404. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small village in the Bangil pargana, situated a few miles east of Firozpur, on the south side of the torrent.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13904492999838234712&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.066667, "source_longitude": 74.516667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 4'. Long. 74° 31'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJa0RhGcek4TgRWHhD1bau9sA", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "east of Firozpur, on the south side of the torrent." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kolidar", "historical_name": "KOLIDAR", "modern_name": "Kolidar", "pdf_page": 240, "pdf_viewer_page": 254, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "On the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, a few miles west of Titwal. No such village now exists.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "KOLIDAR. Kolidar. Village. On the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, a few miles west of Titwal. No such village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kollur", "historical_name": "KOLLUR", "modern_name": "Kollur", "pdf_page": 240, "pdf_viewer_page": 254, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Dachinpara pargana, situated above the right bank of the Lidar, on the road from Bij Behára towards Ganesbal. (Hervey.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.916667, "source_longitude": 75.3, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 55'. Long. 75° 18'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kollur Sri Mookambika Devi Temple", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "achinpara pargana, situated above the right bank of the Lidar, on the road from Bij Behára towards Ganesbal. (Herv" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "d above the right bank of the Lidar, on the road from Bij Behára towards Ganesbal. (Hervey.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kol-narawa", "historical_name": "KOL NARAWA", "modern_name": "Kol Narawa", "pdf_page": 240, "pdf_viewer_page": 254, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A beautiful strath opening out of the Diosur pargana, at the south-western extremity of the Kashmir valley. It is between 9 and 10 miles in length, by about 1 to 2 miles in breadth. In looking up to it from the plain, the large village of Haujipúr stands conspicuously in front; before it are numerous rice fields in plateaux, and behind it is an admirable disposition of peaks and wood-crowned heights, bounded on all sides by the snowy Pansál.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "heights, bounded on all sides by the snowy Pansál." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the south-western extremity of the Kashmir valley. It is between 9 and 10 miles in length, by about 1 to 2 miles in" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "komerie", "historical_name": "KOMERIE", "modern_name": "Komerie", "pdf_page": 241, "pdf_viewer_page": 255, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A stream which rises in the mountains on the north side of the Siwuldar pass, south-west of Badrawár, and empties itself into the Nerú river, in lat. 33°, long. 75° 45', below the village of Udrana, where it is crossed by a bridge on the road between Badrawár and Doula.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "mountains on the north side of the Siwuldar pass, south-west of Badrawár, and empties itself into the Nerú river," }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "KOMERIE. Komerie. Village. A stream which rises in the mountains on the north side of the Siwuldar pa" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "village of Udrana, where it is crossed by a bridge on the road between Badrawár and Doula." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ana, where it is crossed by a bridge on the road between Badrawár and Doula." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "konnag", "historical_name": "KONNAG", "modern_name": "Konnag", "pdf_page": 241, "pdf_viewer_page": 255, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "An elevated encamping ground on the Bhat Khol stream, in the narrow valley which leads from Maru Wardwan into Súrú by the Bhút Kol or Lanwi La pass. The outline of the surrounding mountains is sharp and rugged; some are of granite formation and others exhibit clay strata. A few stunted birches are the only trees to be seen, except here and there an abortive pencil cedar. Grass is abundant on the small plains and the slopes of the less rugged heights. A few bushes of tamarisk grow on the banks of the river, and the wild flowers are very abundant. From near this place the path to Súrú by the Kwáj kúr Pansál branches off. (Hervey.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.016667, "source_longitude": 75.7, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 1'. Long. 75° 42'.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kokernag", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "serai", "pass", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "G. Konnag. River / watercourse. An elevated encamping ground on the Bhat Khol stream, in the narrow valley which leads from Ma" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "rdwan into Súrú by the Bhút Kol or Lanwi La pass. The outline of the surrounding mountains is sharp and rugged; so" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "are very abundant. From near this place the path to Súrú by the Kwáj kúr Pansál branches off. (Hervey.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "konsa-nag", "historical_name": "KONSA NAG", "modern_name": "Konsar Nag / Kausar Nag", "pdf_page": 241, "pdf_viewer_page": 255, "latitude": 33.5130783, "longitude": 74.76928, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Kausar+nag/@33.5130783,74.76928,3151m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x391e1de5277618a7:0x1698e9802feac2c7!8m2!3d33.5112616!4d74.7694739!16s%2Fg%2F11s33dj6dp?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 candidate batch: Historical Konsa Nag is the famed mountain lake in the Pansal range south-west of Kashmir valley; modern Konsar Nag/Kausar Nag is the same lake-name candidate. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A mountain lake lying between the basaltic peaks of the Pansál range, at the south-west extremity of the valley of Kashmir. The position of this far famed lake is the same as that of the valley; north-west and south-east, its length is apparently about 2 miles, and its greatest breadth something under a mile and a half; at the east end the banks slope gently downward to the water's edge, leaving a gulf between them through which another part of the Pansál is visible, and which also in summer time affords a channel by which the melted snow can pass into the lake. There is verdure on this and the western bank or dam, which is steeper. On the north and south sides the bare rock rises very abruptly from the water at an angle of about 40 degrees, with its level, and with an inclination towards the east. The peaks on the east side, which are not more than 1,400 feet above the level of the water, are remarkably pointed; the sides are bare and scarped, and to all appearance the valley of the lake has been formed by the forcible separation of the mountain top. Judging from the angle at which they enter the lake, the bottom must originally have been about 200 feet in depth below the present level of the water, though the depth may have been slightly decreased by the soil and detritus brought into it by the melting of the snow, which, when in full action, makes a difference of 4 feet in the level of this great mountain reservoir. The surface of the water is dark and dull looking, and has in many places the appearance of great depth; its temperature (17th August) was 57° to 64° in the air. The fresh and unworn aspect of the eastern side forbids the idea that this extraordinary place has ever been the crater of a volcano, which the more irregular and heaped up appearance of the western bank, combined with the knowledge that it is not a very compact mass (a knowledge derived from the fact of the waters of the lake having found their way through it), might otherwise have tended to encourage.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Kausar+nag/@33.5130783,74.76928,3151m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x391e1de5277618a7:0x1698e9802feac2c7!8m2!3d33.5112616!4d74.7694739!16s%2Fg%2F11s33dj6dp?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.516667, "source_longitude": 74.833333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 31'. Long. 74° 50'.", "admin_status": "Lake / spring / water site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJ9ysr9tccHjkRRPUUEaaq_kI", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "mountain" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "A mountain lake lying between the basaltic peaks of the Pansál range... the surface of the water..." }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "at the south-west extremity of the valley of Kashmir... peaks on the east side... the valley of the lake has been formed by the forcible separation of the mountain top" } ], "feature_notes": "Entry is a mountain lake; mountain peaks and ranges surround and are integral to the lake.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "korvini", "historical_name": "KORVINI", "modern_name": "Korvini", "pdf_page": 242, "pdf_viewer_page": 256, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village on the right bank of the Veshau, about 4 miles west of Islamabad, where there is said to be very good fishing. (Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.716667, "source_longitude": 75.133333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 43'. Long. 75° 8'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "vini. Village. A small village on the right bank of the Veshau, about 4 miles west of Islamabad, where there is sa" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kospura", "historical_name": "KOSPURA", "modern_name": "Kospura", "pdf_page": 242, "pdf_viewer_page": 256, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small dirty village situated about a mile south of Shupian; it is watered by a stream from the Rembiára.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.716667, "source_longitude": 74.866667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 43'. Long. 74° 52'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "KASHUR POSHAK", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "a mile south of Shupian; it is watered by a stream from the Rembiára." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kot", "historical_name": "KOT", "modern_name": "Kot", "pdf_page": 242, "pdf_viewer_page": 256, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Basoli district, consisting of a few houses scattered on the slopes of the mountain north of Púd. A rill of water flows down through the village, which is surrounded by some cultivation.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.616667, "source_longitude": 75.866667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 37'. Long. 75° 52'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kot Kashmir", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kothair", "historical_name": "KOTHAIR", "modern_name": "Kothair", "pdf_page": 242, "pdf_viewer_page": 256, "latitude": 33.682973, "longitude": 75.2581148, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13179661852916379105&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 4: Historical Kothair lies in the mountains a few miles south-east of Achabal with Kashmiri ruins; modern Kothair/Kothar near Nowgam-Achabal matches this setting. Existing candidate retained.", "blurb": "A village situated in the mountains a few miles south-east of Achibal. It contains a Hindú ruin, consisting of a square building and an old tank, in no respect differing from the usual appearance of other old ruins in Kashmír. (Vigne).", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13179661852916379105&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.666667, "source_longitude": 75.3, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 40'. Long. 75° 18'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJNQJUyMIL4jgR4e3YWqCQ57Y", "finalized": false, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 94, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "consisting of a square building and an old tank, in no respect differing from the usual appearance of other old r" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "south-east of Achibal. It contains a Hindú ruin, consisting of a square building and an old tank, in no respect d" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kotii", "historical_name": "KOTII", "modern_name": "Kotii", "pdf_page": 242, "pdf_viewer_page": 256, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated to the north-east of Chowmuk, on the high land about a mile from the left bank of the Púneh Toi river; it contains about 20 houses inhabited by Mohamedan zemindars of the Jat caste.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.3, "source_longitude": 73.8, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 18'. Long. 73° 48'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kotli", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "on the high land about a mile from the left bank of the Púneh Toi river; it contains about 20 houses inhabited by" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kotli", "historical_name": "KOTLI", "modern_name": "Kotli", "pdf_page": 242, "pdf_viewer_page": 256, "latitude": 33.524365, "longitude": 73.901062, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotli", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Hindu+Temple/@33.524365,73.901062,788m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m15!1m8!3m7!1s0x38e02171882731c7:0xf604d472f02768d3!2sKotli!3b1!8m2!3d33.50026!4d73.9012673!16zL20vMGZ2bjZ6!3m5!1s0x38e021463bef5b67:0x2bbb3312b87c4b38!8m2!3d33.5245416!4d73.9011993!16s%2Fg%2F11r1vy0w5h?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Kotli. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "An open town situated about 100 feet above the left bank of the Púneh Toi river; it gives its name to a district of Naoshera. The town lies at the northern extremity of an oval plain or basin, which is enclosed by low jungle-covered hills. It is distant about 30 miles south of Púnch, to which place there are two roads, one following the bank of the Púnch Toi, the other crosses the Nandheri and Sona Gallis; both are somewhat rough and stony, and trying for cattle.\n\nMírpúr is distant about 40 miles south by the direct path, which is very rough, that by Sensar being preferable; the journey by both of these roads is usually divided into three stages, Naoshera is distant the same number of marches to the south-east, and the road is stated to be good and practicable for cattle, as is also that to Bhimber, which lies four marches to the south-east. There are about 284 houses in Kotli, some few being of brick, but most are single-storied buildings made of mud and boulders, with flat roofs, and have a very dilapidated appearance. There is a teshíl and kotwali in the town.\n\nThe baradari, which is situated at the edge of the bluff above the river just north of the town, is a capacious brick building, but is very dirty and in bad repair; it is used as a government office. There are two Hindú temples and a shiwala or dharamsála; also two masjids, one of which is in ruins. Below the town on the banks of the river is a fakír's makan and some gardens; also numerous water-mills, which are fed by channels constructed along the edge of the stream. The Púnch Toi is crossed by two ferries, one just above and the other below the town; though broad, the river is not very deep, and may be forded during the winter months.\n\nThe following is a list of the trades and occupations of the inhabitants, who are said to number about 800 men, of whom 600 are Hindús,— Shops, Hindú ... 96, Mohamendan ... 6, Pahari Zemindars, Mohammedans of the Mukral caste 60, Goldsmiths, Hindús 14, Horse-keepers 10, Washermen 8, Dyers 6, Butcher 1, Gardener 1, Leather-workers 2, Sweepers 3, Chowkydars 3, Potters 11, Carpenter 1, Blacksmiths 2, Millers 16, Musicians 4. There is a well, and also four tanks in the town which contain very dirty water; good water may, however, be obtained from the river at no great distance. Supplies are abundant.\n\nThe climate of Kotli, which is very hot, is tempered by a cool breeze, which blows down through the narrow valley of the Púnch Toi river. The surrounding plain is flat and highly cultivated; it is almost bare of trees, and there is but little shade in the town.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Hindu+Temple/@33.524365,73.901062,788m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m15!1m8!3m7!1s0x38e02171882731c7:0xf604d472f02768d3!2sKotli!3b1!8m2!3d33.50026!4d73.9012673!16zL20vMGZ2bjZ6!3m5!1s0x38e021463bef5b67:0x2bbb3312b87c4b38!8m2!3d33.5245416!4d73.9011993!16s%2Fg%2F11r1vy0w5h?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.516667, "source_longitude": 73.95, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 31'. Long. 73° 57'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "Excerpt cuts off mid-sentence; continues on the next page.", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJxzEniHEh4DgR02gn8HLUBPY", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "town", "religious_site", "bridge_or_ferry", "garden" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "An open town situated about 100 feet above the left bank of the Púneh Toi river... There are about 284 houses in Kotli" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "There are two Hindú temples and a shiwala or dharamsála; also two masjids, one of which is in ruins" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "The Púnch Toi is crossed by two ferries, one just above and the other below the town" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "Below the town... some gardens" } ], "feature_notes": "Town is primary; has multiple religious sites, ferries on the river by it, and gardens below the town.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kotli-2", "historical_name": "KOTLI", "modern_name": "Kotli", "pdf_page": 243, "pdf_viewer_page": 257, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated Google match was removed because this Badrawar/Neru entry had been collapsed onto modern Kotli in AJK; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village about 1 mile north of Badrawár; it is situated on the Heyl stream above the left bank of the Nerú, which is crossed by a bridge below the village. Kotli is the point of separation of the roads from Badrarwár to Kishtwár and Doda. It is inhabited by both Hindús and Mohamedans; there is one shál-béf, the remainder being zemindars. Abe Chand, a descendant of the ancient Rajahs of Badrarwár, resides in the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.983333, "source_longitude": 75.766667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 59'. Long. 75° 46'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "The paragraph describing Kotli continues onto the next page.", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kotli", "no_match_score": -250, "no_match_distance_km": 182.75226256520116, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "rth of Badrawár; it is situated on the Heyl stream above the left bank of the Nerú, which is crossed by a bridge bel" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "eft bank of the Nerú, which is crossed by a bridge below the village. Kotli is the point of separation of the roads" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "g zemindars. Abe Chand, a descendant of the ancient Rajahs of Badrarwár, resides in the village." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kotli-3", "historical_name": "KOTLI", "modern_name": "Kotli", "pdf_page": 244, "pdf_viewer_page": 258, "latitude": 33.5014397, "longitude": 73.8978242, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotli", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Kotli/@33.5014397,73.8978242,1012m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e02171882731c7:0xf604d472f02768d3!8m2!3d33.50026!4d73.9012673!16zL20vMGZ2bjZ6?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated Google match was removed because this Jhelam/Chik/Hatian entry had been collapsed onto modern Kotli in AJK; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village situated a little above the left bank of the Jhelam, about 60 miles west of Baramúla, between Chik and Hatian. (Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Kotli/@33.5014397,73.8978242,1012m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e02171882731c7:0xf604d472f02768d3!8m2!3d33.50026!4d73.9012673!16zL20vMGZ2bjZ6?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 34.166667, "source_longitude": 73.733333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 10'. Long. 73° 44'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ll village situated a little above the left bank of the Jhelam, about 60 miles west of Baramúla, between Chik and" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "koundi", "historical_name": "KOUNDI", "modern_name": "Koundi", "pdf_page": 244, "pdf_viewer_page": 258, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Karnao, situated at a considerable elevation above the right bank of the Kazi Nág stream and the village of Shárt. It is divided into two parts, Koundi Gújarownai and Koundi Syudownai; the former containing eight families of Gújars, a mulla, and two weavers; the latter a masjid and five families of Syuds, a mulla, and two zemindars of the Mannan caste.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.533333, "source_longitude": 73.85, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 32'. Long. 73° 51'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "ars, a mulla, and two weavers; the latter a masjid and five families of Syuds, a mulla, and two zemindars of the Man" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "at a considerable elevation above the right bank of the Kazi Nág stream and the village of Shárt. It is divided in" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "koun-nag", "historical_name": "KOUN NAG", "modern_name": "Koun Nag", "pdf_page": 244, "pdf_viewer_page": 258, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small lake lying to the north-west of the Sachkach mountain, close to the pass between the Astan Marg and Panjtarni valleys. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.133333, "source_longitude": 75.516667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 8'. Long. 75° 31'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Lake / spring / water site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Konsar Nag", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "pass", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: Lake / spring / water site" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "west of the Sachkach mountain, close to the pass between the Astan Marg and Panjtarni valleys. (Montgomerie.)" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "KOUN NAG. Koun Nag. Lake / spring / water site. A small lake lying to the" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kountra", "historical_name": "KOUNTRA", "modern_name": "Kountra", "pdf_page": 244, "pdf_viewer_page": 258, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "There are two villages of this name, situated on the west side of a low spur above the right bank of the Ningil stream. The lower village is known as Bun or Chota Kountra, the upper as Pet, or Burra Kountra. The road from the Gulmarg to Sopúr, and also that to Baramúla, passes through these villages, to which places it is the usual stage, being distant about 5 miles from Gulmarg, and 13 miles and 8 miles from Sopúr and Baramúla respectively. There are plenty of walnut and other shady trees about these villages, and many eligible spots for encamping, the most inviting being situated about midway between the two; a channel from the Ningil stream furnishes an abundant supply of water. There is extensive cultivation about the villages, both of rice and dry crops. Supplies and coolies obtainable. Pet Kountra contains 15 houses inhabited by Mohamedan zemindars, a mulla, a watchman, carpenter, blacksmith, a cow-keeper; and a bunnia's and general shop. In Bun Kountra there is a masjid, and 10 houses inhabited by Mohamedan zemindars, a Pandit, who is the patwari of the village, a mulla, and a watchman. The houses are built of dove-tailed timbers plastered with mud, and have thatched roofs.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.133333, "source_longitude": 74.466667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 8'. Long. 74° 28'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "and general shop. In Bun Kountra there is a masjid, and 10 houses inhabited by Mohamedan zemindars, a Pandit, who is" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the west side of a low spur above the right bank of the Ningil stream. The lower village is known as Bun or Chota" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ra, the upper as Pet, or Burra Kountra. The road from the Gulmarg to Sopúr, and also that to Baramúla, passes thro" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kowra", "historical_name": "KOWRA", "modern_name": "Kowra", "pdf_page": 244, "pdf_viewer_page": 258, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the Basaoli district, situated about a mile north-east of Púd; it contains about six houses built on the slopes of a conical hill, which is topped with fir trees. Below the hill to the north the ground is terraced and extensively cultivated.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.616667, "source_longitude": 75.866667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 37'. Long. 75° 52'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kowsa", "historical_name": "KOWSA", "modern_name": "Kowsa", "pdf_page": 244, "pdf_viewer_page": 258, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This village, which is the chief place in the Porospúr pargana, is situated on the left of the Sukáng river.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.1, "source_longitude": 74.7, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 6'. Long. 74° 42'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "gana, is situated on the left of the Sukáng river." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kralnew", "historical_name": "KRALNEW", "modern_name": "Kralnew", "pdf_page": 244, "pdf_viewer_page": 258, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Dansú pargana, containing about 12 houses.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.966667, "source_longitude": 74.65, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 58'. Long. 74° 39'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kashmir Crown", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kralp-ra", "historical_name": "KRALPÚRA", "modern_name": "Kralpora", "pdf_page": 244, "pdf_viewer_page": 258, "latitude": 34.4995662, "longitude": 74.1178468, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=16450075924735008847&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Kralpora 193222. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A considerable village situated on the right bank of the Dúdh Ganga river, about 4 miles south of Srinagar, on the road towards Shupian. It is the tehsil station of the Pèch pargana.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=16450075924735008847&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34, "source_longitude": 74.85, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 0'. Long. 74° 51'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJDTL_2UTn4DgRTyAJtuVoSuQ", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A considerable village situated on the right bank of the Dúdh Ganga river" } ], "feature_notes": "Explicitly described as a village.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kralwari", "historical_name": "KRALWARI", "modern_name": "Kralwari", "pdf_page": 244, "pdf_viewer_page": 258, "latitude": 33.9176145, "longitude": 74.7834445, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=12081343103531812407&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 4: Historical Kralwari is in Nagam pargana on the Dudh Ganga about 5 miles north of Chrar; existing Kralwari candidate in the Charar-i-Sharief/Nagam side of Budgam retained.", "blurb": "A large village in the Nágam pargana, containing about 40 houses, situated on the left bank of the Dúdh Ganga river, about 5 miles north of Chrar.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=12081343103531812407&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.916667, "source_longitude": 74.783333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 55'. Long. 74° 47'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJlajnjaiS4TgRNwah_4qNqac", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 93, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A large village in the Nágam pargana, containing about 40 houses" } ], "feature_notes": "Explicitly described as a village.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "krew", "historical_name": "KREW", "modern_name": "Khrew", "pdf_page": 245, "pdf_viewer_page": 259, "latitude": 34.0209187, "longitude": 74.9997758, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khrew", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=7570724219814416688&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 candidate batch: Historical Krew is a large village about five miles east of Pampur with stone carvings/tank noted; modern Khrew preserves the name and Pampore-side location. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A large village in the Bihu pargana, situated about 5 miles east of Pampúr. At the entrance of the village, on the north-west side, there is a stone covered with some curious carvings, and similar stones adorn the small tank at east end of the village, in which the Naga Nek spring rises. Besides this, there are two other springs, the Hir Nag, and the Reshi Nag, the waters from which form a stream which flows through the village. On the west side of the village, shaded by magnificent chunar trees, is the ziárat of Syud Kasim. The following is an approximate list of the inhabitants: 70 families of Mohamedan zemindars, 40 shál-báfs and a rufúga, 2 Mahomedan bunnias, 16 Pandits, 2 Hindú bunnias, a dÚm, 2 bakers, 2 milk-sellers, 2 cowherds, 2 blacksmiths, 2 carpenters, 2 washermen, 4 potters, 4 leather-workers, 2 harkaras. There are also among the inhabitants 2 krim kush, and a government silk factory will, it is said, be built in this village. The usual encamping ground is on the open space on the north side of the Naga Nek spring, near a double-storied brick building intended for the reception of government officials. The Harut Sarrar fair is held at the Jwala-ji-Makan, on the spur of the Zala Parbat hill above the north-west end of the village. On this hill is a stone which the Hindús go and worship on the 14th of June, presenting money, gold, silver, clothes, and eatables. Krew being abundantly supplied with water, is surrounded by rice cultivation, and the fruit and other fine trees by which it is shaded give the village a very pretty appearance. (Elmulsie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=7570724219814416688&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.016667, "source_longitude": 75.033333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 1'. Long. 75° 2'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJo0XAts4g4jgRMBF8BpGdEGk", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "spring", "religious_site", "forest" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A large village in the Bihu pargana" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "the Naga Nek spring rises. Besides this, there are two other springs, the Hir Nag, and the Reshi Nag" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "On the west side of the village, shaded by magnificent chunar trees, is the ziárat of Syud Kasim" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "The fruit and other fine trees by which it is shaded give the village a very pretty appearance" } ], "feature_notes": "Large village with multiple springs and a shrine (ziarat). Several fine trees including chunar shade the village.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "krmichi", "historical_name": "KRMICHI", "modern_name": "Krimchi / Krimachi", "pdf_page": 245, "pdf_viewer_page": 259, "latitude": 32.9642908, "longitude": 75.1179248, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krimchi_temples", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Kiramchi+182101/@32.9642908,75.1179248,1427m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x391dd247ec46243b:0xb51d6dac60691b24!8m2!3d32.9642093!4d75.1206055!16s%2Fg%2F1ptwg5_7d?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research: Krmichi likely maps to Krimchi/Krimachi near Udhampur, but source coordinates are closer to Udhampur town; marked weak for review.", "blurb": "A small town in the province of Jamú, containing about 400 inhabitants; it lies about 30 miles north-east of Jamú, on the road towards Kashmír, by the Banihál pass. On the south side of the town there is a fort situated on the flat top of an isolated hill, which rises to a height of about 200 feet above the level of the surrounding plain. The fort is in a very ruinous condition, but contains an enclosure with the necessary accommodation for the Maharajah and his family when travelling. The town lies between this hill and the ridge to the north. Supplies are procurable, and water from a baoli, or from a branch of the Bird Kad stream, which flows on the east side of the town. Coolies are obtained with much difficulty, a large proportion of the inhabitants being Brahmins.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Kiramchi+182101/@32.9642908,75.1179248,1427m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x391dd247ec46243b:0xb51d6dac60691b24!8m2!3d32.9642093!4d75.1206055!16s%2Fg%2F1ptwg5_7d?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 32.916667, "source_longitude": 75.15, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 55'. Long. 75° 9'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "weak", "features": [ "town", "fort" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "A small town in the province of Jamú, containing about 400 inhabitants" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "On the south side of the town there is a fort situated on the flat top of an isolated hill... The fort is in a very ruinous condition" } ], "feature_notes": "Town is primary; fort is closely adjoining or within the town boundaries.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kriri", "historical_name": "KRIRI", "modern_name": "Kriri", "pdf_page": 245, "pdf_viewer_page": 259, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village situated on a sloping table-land in the Kruhin pargana. It is said to contain a masjid, and the ziárat of Syud Haji Morad Sahib Bokhari, and 25 families of zemindars, five Pir Zadas, a dÚm, a carpenter, a blacksmith, a bunnia, a cow-keeper, and a mÚlla. There are many trees about the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.166667, "source_longitude": 74.516667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 10'. Long. 74° 31'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "the Kruhin pargana. It is said to contain a masjid, and the ziárat of Syud Haji Morad Sahib Bokhari, and 25 families" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "krishpura", "historical_name": "KRISHPURA", "modern_name": "Krishpura", "pdf_page": 245, "pdf_viewer_page": 259, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Uttar pargana, which with Gunapúra and Malpúra makes up the land called Nagar. There has been at one time a large town here, which from some reason has been resolved into three villages. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.483333, "source_longitude": 74.316667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 29'. Long. 74° 19'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "town", "village" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "KRISHPURA. Krishpura. Town. A village in the Uttar pargana, which with Gunapúra and Malpúra makes up th" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kriti", "historical_name": "KRITI", "modern_name": "Kriti", "pdf_page": 246, "pdf_viewer_page": 260, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated in the middle of the Nowbug Nai, on the path lying up the valley, about 3 miles south of Nowbug. It contains 10 houses inhabited by zemindars.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.616667, "source_longitude": 75.416667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 37'. Long. 75° 25'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "of the Nowbug Nai, on the path lying up the valley, about 3 miles south of Nowbug. It contains 10 houses inhabited b" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ted in the middle of the Nowbug Nai, on the path lying up the valley, about 3 miles south of Nowbug. It contains 1" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kroras", "historical_name": "KRORAS", "modern_name": "Kroras", "pdf_page": 246, "pdf_viewer_page": 260, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village which lies to the north of the Loláb valley, but is included in the Uttar pargana. It is situated in the Schart valley, on the path leading towards Sharidi in Upper Drawar. That part of the village lying on the right bank of the stream is called Lishteál. The population numbers 25 families of zemindars, including a mūlla, a blacksmith, a barber, and a shepherd. There is a thana in the village, and the zíárat of Syud Habíbúla; that of Baba Guffúr Sahib is situated on a hill to the east. The village also contains a spring called the Kar Kat Nág. Rice is extensively cultivated, and a little corn, and there is an abundance of fruit trees about the place. The inhabitants state that this village was founded by two brothers Káliúd and Rúchóf, after whom it was called, and that the name has since been corrupted to that now in use. It forms part of the jagir which was bestowed at the desire of the British Government on Kwajah Shah Niazúllah Nakshbandi, in recognition of the services rendered by him to Mr. William Moorcroft. This family has done good service to the British Government. Mohamed Shah, the elder son of Kwajah Shah, died at Lahore. Ahmud Shah, the younger, died in Yárkand, whither he had proceeded to discover the particulars of Adolphe Schlagintweit's murder. Khajah Guffúr Shah, one of the same family, is now engaged on a mission to Yárkand.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.583333, "source_longitude": 74.366667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 35'. Long. 74° 22'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kalaroos Caves", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "spring", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "illage which lies to the north of the Loláb valley, but is included in the Uttar pargana. It is situated in the Scha" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "ll to the east. The village also contains a spring called the Kar Kat Nág. Rice is extensively cultivated, and a lit" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "It is situated in the Schart valley, on the path leading towards Sharidi in Upper Drawar. That part of the village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "krowa", "historical_name": "KROWA", "modern_name": "Krowa", "pdf_page": 246, "pdf_viewer_page": 260, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village lying in a well-wooded little valley some distance above the right bank of the Banihál stream, about 1 mile west of that village. The houses are built of mud with flat roofs; the village is supplied with water by a stream from the hills.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.433333, "source_longitude": 75.233333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 26'. Long. 75° 14'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "small village lying in a well-wooded little valley some distance above the right bank of the Banihál stream, about 1" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "krud", "historical_name": "KRUD", "modern_name": "Krud", "pdf_page": 246, "pdf_viewer_page": 260, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the south side of the Kuthár pargana, about six miles north-east of Achibal. The houses, which are somewhat scattered, number about 35; there is also a masjid in the village and the zíárat of Usuf Shah. Five of the inhabitants are Pandits, and the rest Mohamedans.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.716667, "source_longitude": 75.35, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 43'. Long. 75° 21'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "scattered, number about 35; there is also a masjid in the village and the zíárat of Usuf Shah. Five of the inhabitan" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kruhin", "historical_name": "KRUHIN", "modern_name": "Kruhin", "pdf_page": 246, "pdf_viewer_page": 260, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A pargana in Kamráj; it comprises the district lying on the left bank of the Jhelam, south-west of the Wular Lake, but the tehsil station is at Baramúla. This pargana lies partly in and partly out of the valley, the one part Narwao being separated from the other by a very low spur, yet the whole is considered to belong to Kashmir. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Lake / spring / water site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "town", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: Lake / spring / water site" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "elam, south-west of the Wular Lake, but the tehsil station is at Baramúla. This pargana lies partly in and partly out of the" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "KRUHIN. Kruhin. Lake / spring / water site. A pargana in Kamráj; it comprises the district lyin" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kuchmalla", "historical_name": "KUCHMALLA", "modern_name": "Kuchmalla", "pdf_page": 246, "pdf_viewer_page": 260, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated about 3 miles north of Trál, on the path towards Arphal. It contains a masjid and about 20 houses inhabited by zemindars, including a mūlla, chowdry, dūm, and two bunnias. There is much rice cultivation about the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.966667, "source_longitude": 75.133333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 58'. Long. 75° 8'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kamah", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": ", on the path towards Arphal. It contains a masjid and about 20 houses inhabited by zemindars, including a mūlla, ch" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ituated about 3 miles north of Trál, on the path towards Arphal. It contains a masjid and about 20 houses inhabite" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kukar-nag", "historical_name": "KUKAR NAG", "modern_name": "Kokernag", "pdf_page": 246, "pdf_viewer_page": 260, "latitude": 33.584721, "longitude": 75.308601, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokernag", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Kokernag%2C%20Anantnag%2C%20Jammu%20and%20Kashmir", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 candidate batch: Historical Kukar Nag describes the celebrated springs south-east of Sagam in the Bring/Breng valley; this is modern Kokernag, known for freshwater springs. Corrected the automated Kausar Nag lake mismatch. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "These splendid springs are situated at the foot of the hills on the south side of the Bring valley, about 3 miles south-east of Sagam. The water gushes out most copiously in six or seven places from the limestone rock at the foot of a long range of verdant hills, and forms a stream equal to that of Vernág in volume, and far superior in the quality of its water, which is coẗaidered among the finest in Kashmir. The stream, which flows from the spring, is about 12 feet wide, and forms a junction with the Bring river. (Vigne.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Kokernag%2C%20Anantnag%2C%20Jammu%20and%20Kashmir", "source_latitude": 33.6, "source_longitude": 75.333333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 36'. Long. 75° 20'. Elev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJpxh2J-UdHjkRx8LqL4DpmBY", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "spring" ], "primary_feature": "spring", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "spring", "quote": "These splendid springs are situated at the foot of the hills... The water gushes out most copiously in six or seven places from the limestone rock" } ], "feature_notes": "Entry is a group of springs; no other features described as part of the place.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kukurus", "historical_name": "KUKURUS", "modern_name": "Kukurus", "pdf_page": 247, "pdf_viewer_page": 261, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Machhīpūra pargana, containing the ziārat of Baba Putta Sahib. A road branches off from this place to the village of Wysa. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.45, "source_longitude": 74.2, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 27'. Long. 74° 12'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ontaining the ziārat of Baba Putta Sahib. A road branches off from this place to the village of Wysa. (Montgomerie" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "k-lan", "historical_name": "KÚLAN", "modern_name": "Kúlan", "pdf_page": 247, "pdf_viewer_page": 261, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Sind valley, situated on the right bank of the river; it is shaded by fine trees, and watered by a stream from the hills. Besides a masjíd and a brick hamām, it contains the ziārat of Babola Sahib, and two houses inhabited by Pir Zadas, and 11 families of zemindars. Rice is grown in the neighbourhood, but this cultivation does not extend higher up the valley. There are some government magazines in the village for storing salt and sulphur imported from Ladāk. The Nichinai valley, in the mountain range, to the north-east of the village, may, it is said, be reached by a path lying through the Choi Galli.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.266667, "source_longitude": 75.183333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 16'. Long. 75° 11'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kullan", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "f Babola Sahib, and two houses inhabited by Pir Zadas, and 11 families of zemindars. Rice is grown in the neighbo" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "Ladāk. The Nichinai valley, in the mountain range, to the north-east of the village, may, it is said, be reached by" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ÚLAN. Kúlan. Village. A village in the Sind valley, situated on the right bank of the river; it is shaded by fine tr" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "e village, may, it is said, be reached by a path lying through the Choi Galli." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "k-langam", "historical_name": "KÚLANGAM", "modern_name": "Kulangam", "pdf_page": 247, "pdf_viewer_page": 261, "latitude": 34.4114958, "longitude": 74.3022879, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13598127859938355780&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 candidate batch: Historical Kulangam lies on the left bank of the Pohru west of Chogul on the Sopore-Shalura path; modern Kulangam near Handwara/Kupwara preserves the name and Pohru-side setting. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the Pohru river, about a mile west of Chogul, just south of the path between Sopūr and Shalúrah. A sīlture has lately been built by the side of the road. Including Arampúra, this village contains about 22 houses inhabited by zemindars.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13598127859938355780&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.4, "source_longitude": 74.35, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 24'. Long. 74° 21'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJcROrjYcc4TgRROr3HT5Btrw", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "am. Village. A village situated on the left bank of the Pohru river, about a mile west of Chogul, just south of th" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ut a mile west of Chogul, just south of the path between Sopūr and Shalúrah. A sīlture has lately been built by th" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "k-lani", "historical_name": "KÚLANI", "modern_name": "Kúlani", "pdf_page": 247, "pdf_viewer_page": 261, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "Is situated on the left bank of the Mandi river, just above its junction with the Súran, about 8 miles east of Púnch. It is a small village containing about 7 houses inhabited by Mohammedan zemindars.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.75, "source_longitude": 74.233333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 45'. Long. 74° 14'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "I. Kúlani. Village. Is situated on the left bank of the Mandi river, just above its junction with the Súran, about" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "k-lgam", "historical_name": "KÚLGAM", "modern_name": "Kulgam", "pdf_page": 247, "pdf_viewer_page": 261, "latitude": 33.64, "longitude": 75.02, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulgam", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2544448470583028164&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Kulgam 192231. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small town, the tehíl station of the Dúsuor pargana; it is very picturesquely situated on the southern side of a table-land overlooking the left bank of the Veshau, whose bed is here spread out and divided into several channels. It contains two old ziārats; the large one is that of Hussain Simnāni, and the smaller, that of Shah Hamadán. Between Kúlgam and Shupian to the north-west, there is a small canal cut from the Veshau for irrigation purposes. The place was once famous for its manufacture of wooden toys, and would appear to have been a rendezvous for merchants and others proceeding to the Panjáb by the Golábgarh pass. Close to Kúlgam there is a heronry upon two huge chunar trees. Supplies are procurable. (Vigne—Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2544448470583028164", "source_latitude": 33.65, "source_longitude": 75.066667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 39'. Long. 75° 4'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJCwGfVAoB4jgRxCljJmeyTyM", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "town", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "A small town, the tehíl station of the Dúsuor pargana" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "it contains two old ziārats; the large one is that of Hussain Simnáni, and the smaller, that of Shah Hamadán" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "on the southern side of a table-land overlooking the left bank of the Veshau, whose bed is here spread out and divided into several channels" } ], "feature_notes": "Town is primary; has religious shrines (ziarats) and overlooks a river with multiple channels.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "k-ligan", "historical_name": "KÚLIGAN", "modern_name": "Kúligan", "pdf_page": 247, "pdf_viewer_page": 261, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated to the north of the Loláb valley. An excellent road, which runs along the ridge of mountains to the north, commences at this village. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.55, "source_longitude": 74.466667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 33'. Long. 74° 28'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kashmir", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ey. An excellent road, which runs along the ridge of mountains to the north, commences at this village. (Montgomeri" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "village situated to the north of the Loláb valley. An excellent road, which runs along the ridge of mountains to th" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "the north of the Loláb valley. An excellent road, which runs along the ridge of mountains to the north, commences" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "k-lli", "historical_name": "KÚLLI", "modern_name": "Kúlli", "pdf_page": 247, "pdf_viewer_page": 261, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Wúlar pargana, containing a beautiful spring shaded by four splendid chunar trees. This spring is known in the neighbourhood as Shai Hamdán's spring, a fable relating that when this saint reached the village, his horse was thirsty, whereupon he ordered him to strike his foot to the earth, which doing, this spring gushed forth.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.916667, "source_longitude": 75.15, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 55'. Long. 75° 9'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "fort", "village", "religious_site", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "KÚLLI. Kúlli. Fort / historic site. A village in the Wúlar pargana, containing a beautiful spring shaded by fou" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "n's spring, a fable relating that when this saint reached the village, his horse was thirsty, whereupon he ordered" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "n the Wúlar pargana, containing a beautiful spring shaded by four splendid chunar trees. This spring is known in the" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kumbrial", "historical_name": "KUMBRIAL", "modern_name": "Kumbrial", "pdf_page": 248, "pdf_viewer_page": 262, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Loláb valley, situated on the right bank of the Schart stream, just above its junction with the Lahwal. It contains about 12 houses.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.55, "source_longitude": 74.35, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 33'. Long. 74° 21'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Shalimar Garden", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": ". Kumbrial. Village. A village in the Loláb valley, situated on the right bank of the Schart stream, just above its" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kundi", "historical_name": "KUNDI", "modern_name": "Kundi", "pdf_page": 248, "pdf_viewer_page": 262, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated near the Rattansar lake, at the south-east end of the Uttar pargana. Two roads lead from this village to the villages of Sangam and Sandigam, in the Loláb valley; both are good paths, and quite passable for laden ponies. The march is about five hours' easy walking. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.466667, "source_longitude": 74.383333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 28'. Long. 74° 23'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kundi", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "lage. A village situated near the Rattansar lake, at the south-east end of the Uttar pargana. Two roads lead from" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "s, and quite passable for laden ponies. The march is about five hours' easy walking. (Montgomerie.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kundi-2", "historical_name": "KUNDI", "modern_name": "Kundi", "pdf_page": 248, "pdf_viewer_page": 262, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the flat top of the spur above the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, about 2 miles west of Mandal. It is held in jagir by the inhabitants, numbering seven families of Pir Zadas. Rice is extensively cultivated about the village, and a little cotton. Below it, on either side of the pathway, there is a bágh or orchard.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.433333, "source_longitude": 78.583333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 26'. Long. 78° 35'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kundi", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "garden", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "he inhabitants, numbering seven families of Pir Zadas. Rice is extensively cultivated about the village, and a li" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": ", on either side of the pathway, there is a bágh or orchard." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "on the flat top of the spur above the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, about 2 miles west of Mandal. It is held in" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kundi-3", "historical_name": "KUNDI", "modern_name": "Kundi", "pdf_page": 248, "pdf_viewer_page": 262, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village situated about 14 miles north-east of Púnch, at the point between the confluence of the Gagrin and Dali Nar streams. It is inhabited by Mohammedans, and contains about 80 houses. Dry crops only are cultivated.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.8, "source_longitude": 74.3, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 48'. Long. 74° 18'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kundi", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "rth-east of Púnch, at the point between the confluence of the Gagrin and Dali Nar streams. It is inhabited by Mohammedan" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kunus", "historical_name": "KUNUS", "modern_name": "Kunus", "pdf_page": 248, "pdf_viewer_page": 262, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village surrounded by fruit trees and grape vines, situated in a nook about a quarter of a mile from the western edge of the Wular lake, about 3 miles south of Alsú, and four hours' journey by boat from Bundipúr. From this village, Lalpír, in the Loláb valley, may be reached by a path leading over the hills; it is about 5 koss distant. (Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.383333, "source_longitude": 74.566667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 23'. Long. 74° 34'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "f a mile from the western edge of the Wular lake, about 3 miles south of Alsú, and four hours' journey by boat fro" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "r, in the Loláb valley, may be reached by a path leading over the hills; it is about 5 koss distant. (Ince.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kuri", "historical_name": "KURI", "modern_name": "Kuri", "pdf_page": 248, "pdf_viewer_page": 262, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small town situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river, about 9 miles north-east of Mozafarabad. It stands on a wide plateau, which slopes gradually from the foot of the mountains, dropping precipitously into the bed of the river. A considerable stream flows into the Kishen Ganga, through a narrow gorge below the east side of this plateau; it is bridged, but would doubtless be fordable when the waters are low. The town, which stretches for a considerable distance east and west, is said to have decreased in size of late years. The houses are substantially built, and some are shaded by trees, among which are wild figs, peaches, and vines. The population now numbers about 150 families, of whom 50 are Hindús and the rest Mohamedans. Among the residents are numerous shop-keepers and artisans. The town contains a masjid, and the zíarats of Pir Mohamed Ally Sháh and Súltán Toda Sháh, near which latter there are three springs of clear water and an orchard, which contains a small place suitable for encamping. Firoz Dín Khán, the titular Rajah of Kúri, and his son Súltán Mohamed Khán, an intelligent youth of about 22 years of age, reside in the town; the Rajah is related to Ahmad Khán, the ex-Rajah of Karnau, but took no part in his cousin's rebellion. This family, which claims to have ruled the surrounding district for twenty generations, still holds it in jagir, paying, it is said, 7,000 chilki rupees annually as a nuzzerána to the Maharajah. Rajah Firoz Dhín Khán's three nephews have estates in the neighbourhood; Wali Mohamed Khán and Fathi Mohamed Khán reside at the village of Persucha, and Mohamed Zamán Khán at Draw. Rajah Firoz Dhín Khán's power seems to be merely nominal, as a thanadar and 15 sepoys in the Maharajah's service are stationed at Kúri, to protect the interests of the Hindús, and in all important affairs the Maharajah's representative has to be consulted. Various paths lie over the passes north of the town, leading into the Khágán valley. Supplies are abundant and coolies procurable.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.433333, "source_longitude": 73.566667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 26'. Long. 73° 34'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "Entry continues onto the next page.", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "town", "village", "religious_site", "garden", "river_or_lake", "spring", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "o have decreased in size of late years. The houses are substantially built, and some are shaded by trees, among whic" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "p-keepers and artisans. The town contains a masjid, and the zíarats of Pir Mohamed Ally Sháh and Súltán Toda Sháh, n" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "ere are three springs of clear water and an orchard, which contains a small place suitable for encamping. Firoz Dín K" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "i. Town. A small town situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga river, about 9 miles north-east of Mozafaraba" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "oda Sháh, near which latter there are three springs of clear water and an orchard, which contains a small place suita" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "k-ri", "historical_name": "KÚRI", "modern_name": "Kúri", "pdf_page": 249, "pdf_viewer_page": 263, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Diosur pargana, situated at the foot of the slopes from the Pansál range, about 10 miles south-east of Shupian. It is the point of departure from Kashmír of the road lying over the Golábargh or Dowal pass, which was constructed by Gulab Singh, and is described as being a well frequented route, and practicable for ponies. Kúri has once been a village of great beauty, surrounded by orchards and walnut trees; but it is now much dilapidated, containing about 70 houses; of these, one is a substantial brick building, the rest being built of boulder masonry and timber in the usual fashion. The water-supply is somewhat scanty, most coming from a spring on the neighbouring range. The grain raised in the village does not suffice for the wants of the inhabitants, who import what is necessary to make up the deficiency. Above the village, the forest glades afford extensive grazing grounds for sheep and cattle. The chief men of the village claim a descent from the Deyu or demon of the Kousa Nág, and affirm that their ancestor, Hyder Malek, the Rajah of Divul, whose tomb-stone is in the neighbourhood, was ejected from the lake, and found as a helpless infant upon the bank. The Kousa Nág may be reached from the village by a path lying through the lower end of the Zogimarg.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.6, "source_longitude": 74.916667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 36'. Long. 74° 55'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kashmir", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "garden", "pass", "river_or_lake", "spring", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "tor, Hyder Malek, the Rajah of Divul, whose tomb-stone is in the neighbourhood, was ejected from the lake, and fou" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "en a village of great beauty, surrounded by orchards and walnut trees; but it is now much dilapidated, containing abou" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "situated at the foot of the slopes from the Pansál range, about 10 miles south-east of Shupian. It is the point of d" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "descent from the Deyu or demon of the Kousa Nág, and affirm that their ancestor, Hyder Malek, the Rajah of Divul," }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "pply is somewhat scanty, most coming from a spring on the neighbouring range. The grain raised in the village does n" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kurigan", "historical_name": "KURIGAN", "modern_name": "Kurigan", "pdf_page": 249, "pdf_viewer_page": 263, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A scattered hamlet, situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, about 2 miles west of Sharidi. It contains altogether about 25 houses inhabited by zemindars, including a blacksmith, carpenter, potter, a barber, and a đúm. A considerable stream flows down through the village and fields; it is crossed at two places by small kadal bridges, and works one or two mills. There is much cultivation about the place. At the entrance of the village on the east side is the zíárat of Syud Hubíb; it also contains a masjid and a musáfir-khána for travellers. Barawai, in the Khágán valley, may, it is said, be reached from this place in three marches by a path lying over the Rutti Galli.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.783333, "source_longitude": 74.2, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 47'. Long. 74° 12'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "serai", "religious_site", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "o contains a masjid and a musáfir-khána for travellers. Barawai, in the Khágán valley, may, it is said, be reached from" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "he zíárat of Syud Hubíb; it also contains a masjid and a musáfir-khána for travellers. Barawai, in the Khágán valley" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "hree marches by a path lying over the Rutti Galli." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": ". A scattered hamlet, situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, about 2 miles west of Sharidi. It contains a" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "ields; it is crossed at two places by small kadal bridges, and works one or two mills. There is much cultivation ab" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kurrole", "historical_name": "KURROLE", "modern_name": "Kurrole", "pdf_page": 249, "pdf_viewer_page": 263, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village situated on the right bank of the Chandra Bhága, about a quarter of a mile west of the Rámband bridge. A stream flows down through the village; it is crossed by a bridge.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.216667, "source_longitude": 75.3, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 13'. Long. 75° 18'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Char Chinar Dal lake", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "lage. A small village situated on the right bank of the Chandra Bhága, about a quarter of a mile west of the Rámba" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "out a quarter of a mile west of the Rámband bridge. A stream flows down through the village; it is crossed by a brid" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "k-rus", "historical_name": "KÚRUS", "modern_name": "Kúrus", "pdf_page": 249, "pdf_viewer_page": 263, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, a few miles south-east of Srinagar.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.066667, "source_longitude": 74.866667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 4'. Long. 74° 52'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "llage. A small village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, a few miles south-east of Srinagar." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kush-p-ra", "historical_name": "KUSHṬPŪRA", "modern_name": "Kushṭpūra", "pdf_page": 250, "pdf_viewer_page": 264, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated rather more than 4 miles west of Srinagar, near the foot of the Hanjik wudar or table-land. There is a bunnia’s shop and about 20 houses in all in the village, which is divided into two mahallas, or districts, Banpúra and Petpúra. The former contains the zírat of Ubbun Sháh.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.083333, "source_longitude": 74.766667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 5'. Long. 74° 46'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "SinthanTop Daksum Kashmir", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kut", "historical_name": "KUT", "modern_name": "Kut", "pdf_page": 250, "pdf_viewer_page": 264, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Shahabad valley, situated on the right bank of the Sándran river, which is bridged between it and the opposite village of Tamman. It contains about eight houses inhabited by zemindárs. During the winter months the Sándran disappears at this point. The Bring valley may be reached from this village by a path through the defile, which passes the Sündbran spring.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 35.516667, "source_longitude": 75.35, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 35° 31'. Long. 75° 21'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kut Kashmir", "no_match_score": -3, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "spring", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "UT. Kut. Village. A village in the Shahabad valley, situated on the right bank of the Sándran river, which is bridge" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "rough the defile, which passes the Sündbran spring." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "alley may be reached from this village by a path through the defile, which passes the Sündbran spring." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kuth-r", "historical_name": "KUTHÁR", "modern_name": "Kuthár", "pdf_page": 250, "pdf_viewer_page": 264, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A pargana in the Anantnág zillah of the Miráj division, comprising the valley of the Arpat river; the tehsil station is at Achíbal or Sahibabad. The best silk in Kashmír is produced in this pargana, and iron is found in the mountains on the south side. From the upper end of the valley, footpaths lie over the mountains into the Maru Wardwan. A good road over the Metij hill communicates with the Khourpára pargana on the north-west, and there are various paths over the range to the south-east, leading into the Nowbúg valley.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kithar", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "town", "pass", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "mprising the valley of the Arpat river; the tehsil station is at Achíbal or Sahibabad. The best silk in Kashmír is produced" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "-west, and there are various paths over the range to the south-east, leading into the Nowbúg valley." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "the mountains into the Maru Wardwan. A good road over the Metij hill communicates with the Khourpára pargana on th" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kutus", "historical_name": "KUTUS", "modern_name": "Kutus", "pdf_page": 250, "pdf_viewer_page": 264, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A considerable village in the Khuháma pargana, containing a thannah, situated about 2 miles west of Bandipúr, on the northern shore of the Wular lake.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.433333, "source_longitude": 74.666667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 26'. Long. 74° 40'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kutus", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "town", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "KUTUS. Kutus. Village. A considerable village in the Khuháma pargana, containing a thannah, situated about 2 mi" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "andipúr, on the northern shore of the Wular lake." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kuzuz", "historical_name": "KUZUZ", "modern_name": "Kuzuz", "pdf_page": 250, "pdf_viewer_page": 264, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village containing three houses, situated in a narrow valley, which opens into the Maru Wardwan at the village of Afthi. It lies above the right bank of the Kúzuz stream, which flows into the Maru Wardwan river.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 35.883333, "source_longitude": 75.616667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 35° 53'. Long. 75° 37'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ntaining three houses, situated in a narrow valley, which opens into the Maru Wardwan at the village of Afthi. It li" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kwaj-k-r-pansai", "historical_name": "KWAJ KÚR PANSAI", "modern_name": "Kwaj Kúr Pansai", "pdf_page": 250, "pdf_viewer_page": 264, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A pass over the range lying between the north-eastern extremity of the Maru Wardwan valley and Súrú.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.066667, "source_longitude": 75.8, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 4'. Long. 75° 48'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Pass / route", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "admin_status: Pass / route" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "north-eastern extremity of the Maru Wardwan valley and Súrú." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "KWAJ KÚR PANSAI. Kwaj Kúr Pansai. Pass / route. A pass over the range lying between the north-eastern extremity" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lachrat", "historical_name": "LACHRAT", "modern_name": "Lachrat", "pdf_page": 250, "pdf_viewer_page": 264, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of the district lying on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga river, between Titwal and Mozafarabad.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lado-ladi", "historical_name": "LADO LADI", "modern_name": "Lado Ladi", "pdf_page": 250, "pdf_viewer_page": 264, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of the range of mountains which is crossed by the road from Jamú towards Kashmír, between Landra fort and the village of Bilaur. This name signifies, in the hill language, the bride and bridegroom; the range is said to be so called from the sad fate that befell a newly wedded pair of lovers, who perished on the summit. The ascent on the south side is somewhat steep and stony, that on the north being much more gradual. There is dák hut close to the summit, near which water is procurable.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 35.15, "source_longitude": 75.266667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 35° 9'. Long. 75° 16'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Lado Ladi Fashion Studio", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "fort", "village", "pass", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "owards Kashmír, between Landra fort and the village of Bilaur. This name signifies, in the hill language, the bride a" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "Ladi. Fort / historic site. The name of the range of mountains which is crossed by the road from Jamú towards Kashm" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "range of mountains which is crossed by the road from Jamú towards Kashmír, between Landra fort and the village of" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ladrian", "historical_name": "LADRIAN", "modern_name": "Ladrian", "pdf_page": 251, "pdf_viewer_page": 265, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in Kishtwár, containing two houses inhabited by Hindús it is situated a few miles north-west of Doda, below the path leading up the Lider Khol valley.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.166667, "source_longitude": 75.533333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 10'. Long. 75° 32'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "a, below the path leading up the Lider Khol valley." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "d a few miles north-west of Doda, below the path leading up the Lider Khol valley." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lad", "historical_name": "LADÚ", "modern_name": "Ladhoo", "pdf_page": 251, "pdf_viewer_page": 265, "latitude": 33.992222, "longitude": 74.993583, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladhoo", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Ladhoo%2C%20Pampore%2C%20Pulwama", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Bihú pargana, situated on the table-land at the foot of the mountains, about 6 miles east of Pampúr. It may also be reached from the village of Latapúr, on the right bank of the Jhelam, by an excellent road over the table-land; following the base of the mountains, the distance is about 3 miles. There is likewise a good path which crosses the range to the east, communicating with the village of Pastúni in the Trál valley. The population of Ladú consists of about 30 families of zemindars, a mulla, harkara, blacksmith, carpenter, and two cowherds. There are many fruit trees about the village, and much cultivation of both corn and rice. Rather more than a mile north-east of the village, in a gorge on the slope of the Wastarwan mountain, there is a patch of cultivation and a clump of fine trees, watered by a small rill which flows from the Dudder Nág. This spot was granted in jagir three generations ago to Jewan Gúsain, a Kashmiri pandit; it is now held by Nund Gopi, his descendant. The ruined temples, for which Ladú is famous, date probably from the seventh or eighth century; but the site of the village would appear to be of the most remote antiquity, since it is recorded in the Rájá Tarangini I, 87, that King Lava, the 86th in descent from Gonarda II, the contemporary of Krishna, founded at Ledári a large Agrahára or Brahminical establishment, and in its neighbourhood, a town called Lolora, in which were a kror, minus sixteen lakhs (that is, 8,400,000) stone-houses. The ruins are situated at the foot of the spur to the south-east of the village. The principal temple stands in the middle of a small muddy pool or tank, the sides of which appear to have been faced with masonry; it is fed by a spring called the Sundasar Nág, which is situated at the north-east corner; near the spring is an old lingam stone. The cella is about 24 feet 6 inches square, and 12 feet high. Two layers of stones form the plinth, the lower having rounded edges; there are ten courses of masonry in the surface of the walls and three in the cornice. At each corner there is a broad pilaster furnished with plinth and capital; the intervening surfaces of the walls are perfectly plain without carvings or arabesques. The entrance, which is on the south side, is about 7 feet 6 inches high, and 4 feet 3 inches wide; the pediment encloses a trefoil arch. The interior differs from the usual form, being circular, with a diameter of about 17 feet. The inner walls, which are blank, are finished with a cornice; but no traces of a roof remain, and the lingam stone, if it existed, has been removed. About a hundred yards to the north, there is a smaller temple resembling those at Payech and Pandrattan. It measures about 6 feet square inside, having a pyramidal roof, and an arched doorway facing south; on the inside the roof is rectangular, rising in two tiers topped by a flat slab. Both the key-stones of the spring of the entrance archway, and the projecting corner stones of the roof, are carved in high relief. Close to this temple there is a small masjid. That of Shah Hamdán is situated near the larger temple, on the north side of the tank; it is shaded by some chunar and other fine trees. (Groves.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": 75.033333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34°. Long. 75° 2'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "strong", "geocode_source": "manual web review", "review_note": "Ladú is described six miles east of Pampur/Pampore and connected toward Tral, matching modern Ladhoo in Pampore tehsil; coordinate follows the listed ancient temple/spring at Ladhoo.", "reviewed_at": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 9", "features": [ "town", "city", "village", "religious_site", "pass", "river_or_lake", "spring", "road_or_route", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "city", "quote": "a broad pilaster furnished with plinth and capital; the intervening surfaces of the walls are perfectly plain withou" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "LADÚ. Ladhoo. Town. A village in the Bihú pargana, situated on the table-land at the foot of th" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "he south-east of the village. The principal temple stands in the middle of a small muddy pool or tank, the sides of" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "e is likewise a good path which crosses the range to the east, communicating with the village of Pastúni in the Trá" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "d from the village of Latapúr, on the right bank of the Jhelam, by an excellent road over the table-land; followin" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lagmar", "historical_name": "LAGMAR", "modern_name": "Lagmar", "pdf_page": 252, "pdf_viewer_page": 266, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Kishtwár, situated on the top of the spur, which runs down through the north end of the Lider Khol valley, between the head waters of that stream. It contains four houses, which are built of stone and timber, and have flat roofs. The inhabitants are Hindús. This village is the point of separation of the roads leading from Doda into Kashmir, by the Brari Bal pass and the Peristán valley.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.283333, "source_longitude": 75.516667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 17'. Long. 75° 31'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ng from Doda into Kashmir, by the Brari Bal pass and the Peristán valley." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "own through the north end of the Lider Khol valley, between the head waters of that stream. It contains four houses," } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lahan-i-thal", "historical_name": "LAHAN-I-THAL", "modern_name": "Lahan-I-Thal", "pdf_page": 252, "pdf_viewer_page": 266, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A stream which rises in the lofty mountains on the south side of the Tilail valley; it flows in a north-westerly direction, and empties itself into the Kishen Ganga, lat. 34° 37', long. 75° 0', opposite the village of Burnai.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "LAHAN-I-THAL. Lahan-I-Thal. Village. A stream which rises in the lofty mountains on the south side of the Tilai" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lahan-tour", "historical_name": "LAHAN TOUR", "modern_name": "Lahan Tour", "pdf_page": 252, "pdf_viewer_page": 266, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A hill which rises about 350 feet above the level of the plain, about a mile and a half south-east of Shupian. The hill is composed of amygdaloid trap, and is surrounded by a sort of natural glacis; it is bare of trees, except a few on the top, and one or two here and there on the sides. A most extensive view of the valley, Kashmir, is obtained from its summit.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.716667, "source_longitude": 74.9, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 43'. Long. 74° 54'. Elev. 7,049 feet.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Ahlan India Tours & Travels", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "on the sides. A most extensive view of the valley, Kashmir, is obtained from its summit." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lah-shah-ur", "historical_name": "LAH SHAHПUR", "modern_name": "Lah Shahпur", "pdf_page": 252, "pdf_viewer_page": 266, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Lar pargana, picturesquely situated at the foot of the Sofápur mountain, on the right bank of the Sind river, at the western extremity of that valley. (Vigne.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.25, "source_longitude": 74.8, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 15'. Long. 74° 48'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Larh", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "foot of the Sofápur mountain, on the right bank of the Sind river, at the western extremity of that valley. (Vign" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lahwai", "historical_name": "LAHWAI", "modern_name": "Lahwai", "pdf_page": 252, "pdf_viewer_page": 266, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name applied to the drainage of the Loláb valley; this stream unites with the Kamil lat. 34° 31', long. 74° 18', near the village of Mogulpúr, and forms the Porru river.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "e name applied to the drainage of the Loláb valley; this stream unites with the Kamil lat. 34° 31', long. 74° 18', n" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lalad", "historical_name": "LALAD", "modern_name": "Lalad", "pdf_page": 252, "pdf_viewer_page": 266, "latitude": 34.2300189, "longitude": 74.4891902, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=16419851080571528385&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 3: Historical Lalad is about 2 miles south of Sopore on the route toward Gulmarg; existing Lalad candidate near Sopore retained as the best modern equivalent.", "blurb": "A village situated near the mouth of a wide valley between two table-lands, about 2 miles south of Sopúr, just to the west of the path leading towards Gulmarg. The village, which is shaded by a fine clump of chunar and other trees, contains a masjid, and 15 houses inhabited by zemindars, a mulla, a dúm, and two Pandits. It produces rice and a little cotton, and other dry corps. Amgrad, which lies at the edge of the morass, just to the north-east of Lalad, on the path from Sopúr towards Gulmarg, was founded about three years ago. It contains about 20 houses, and is surrounded with rice cultivation.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=16419851080571528385&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.25, "source_longitude": 74.5, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 15'. Long. 74° 30'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJB3D1E_0J4TgRwaRHyo8H3-M", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 92, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "forest" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village situated near the mouth of a wide valley" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "The village... contains a masjid" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "The village, which is shaded by a fine clump of chunar and other trees" } ], "feature_notes": "Village with a mosque (religious_site) and shaded by chunar trees (forest).", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lal-gol-m", "historical_name": "LAL GOLÁM", "modern_name": "Lal Golám", "pdf_page": 252, "pdf_viewer_page": 266, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A tower situated on the eastern slope of the Pir Panjál pass, about 2 miles from Aliabad Serai, where the defile is extremely narrow. The name is also given to the portion of the road between Aliabad Serai and the tower, where there is a causeway built upon the steep and rugged face of the mountain. This causeway was built by order of Shah Jehan. The superstitious inhabitants of these parts have a tale concerning Ali Merdán Khán, the builder of it, and of all the serais between Lahore and Kashmir. According to this fable, as the architect marshalled his workmen along the road, he came suddenly to a tower, which they one and all refused to pass, because a man-eater named Lal Golám dwelt there, who was accustomed to seize upon the passengers from the tower as they stole one by one along the narrow path, and hurl them down the precipice, when he devoured them at leisure. The brave Ali Merdán Khán went into the tower first, but Lal Golám had just quitted it. He found his son there, however, whom he instantly hurled down the precipice. Since that time, nothing more has been heard of Lal Golám, and the remembrance of the murders he committed is gradually dying away; but the tower still bears his name, and was certainly a fit place for the dwelling of a robber. It was owing to the treachery of the two chief men of Shupian, who had been sent forward to this tower to watch the movements of the enemy, that the Sikh army was enabled to penetrate the valley of Kashmír at Shupian, A.D. 1819. (Vigne—Hügel.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.666667, "source_longitude": 74.683333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 40'. Long. 74° 41'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Serai / rest house", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "serai", "village", "religious_site", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "serai", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "serai", "quote": "admin_status: Serai / rest house" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "t by order of Shah Jehan. The superstitious inhabitants of these parts have a tale concerning Ali Merdán Khán, the builde" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "tower situated on the eastern slope of the Pir Panjál pass, about 2 miles from Aliabad Serai, where the defile i" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ated on the eastern slope of the Pir Panjál pass, about 2 miles from Aliabad Serai, where the defile is extremely" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the Sikh army was enabled to penetrate the valley of Kashmír at Shupian, A.D. 1819. (Vigne—Hügel.)" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "he name is also given to the portion of the road between Aliabad Serai and the tower, where there is a causeway bu" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lal-kh-n-ki-garhi", "historical_name": "LAL KHÁN KI GARHI", "modern_name": "Lal Khán Ki Garhi", "pdf_page": 253, "pdf_viewer_page": 267, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A spur which juts out into the south-west side of the valley of Kashmír, to the west of Kág. It is said to derive its name from a fort, which was built upon its summit by Lal Khán, wherein he defended himself after his defeat by Azad Khán, the Pathán governor of Kashmír, about A.D. 1783.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": 74.533333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34°. Long. 74° 32'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Lal Ghulam Bridge", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "fort", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ch juts out into the south-west side of the valley of Kashmír, to the west of Kág. It is said to derive its name fro" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "himself after his defeat by Azad Khán, the Pathán governor of Kashmír, about A.D. 1783." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lal-khol", "historical_name": "LAL KHOL", "modern_name": "Lal Khol", "pdf_page": 253, "pdf_viewer_page": 267, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of an old canal in the Zainagir pargana, concerning which the following history is related: It is said to derive its name from Lalla Reyna, an opulent and benevolent resident in the pargana, by whom it was constructed. On its completion, rice cultivation was successfully introduced into this arid district; but after its designer's death, the canal was permitted to fall into disrepair, and the cultivation failed. King Badshah caused the channel to be repaired, and connected it with the Pohru river, and once more rice was successfully cultivated. After this king's death, succeeding rulers permitted the canal to remain uncared for until the year 1917, Samvat (A.D. 1860), when the Wazir Pandí, the present governor of Kashmír, again repaired it, and one crop, which yielded 700 kharwárs of rice, was produced. Scarcely, however, were the works completed, when the embankment unfortunately broke, and the waters escaped. Consequent on the expense which had attended the repairs, amounting to 30,000 shilki rupees, no further attempts have been made to utilise the canal, and but very little water is found in its channel. Rice cultivation in the Zainagir pargana is now confined to a few fields surrounding the villages of Tujjar and Showa.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "fort", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "l. Fort / historic site. The name of an old canal in the Zainagir pargana, concerning which the following history i" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lalla", "historical_name": "LALLA", "modern_name": "Lalla", "pdf_page": 253, "pdf_viewer_page": 267, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Lower Drawar, situated on a flat-topped spur, above the right bank of the Kishen Ganga. Though it contains but five houses and a masjid, the village covers a considerable extent of ground. It is supplied with water by a stream from the hills. There are a few shady trees about the place, and one or two eligible spots for encamping. Wild figs and vines are found in the neighbourhood. Below the village there is a rope suspension-bridge across the Kishen Ganga, communicating with the village of Búgan, which lies almost opposite. Both rice and corn are cultivated.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.6, "source_longitude": 73.966667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 36'. Long. 73° 58'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "a. Though it contains but five houses and a masjid, the village covers a considerable extent of ground. It is suppli" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ated on a flat-topped spur, above the right bank of the Kishen Ganga. Though it contains but five houses and a mas" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "neighbourhood. Below the village there is a rope suspension-bridge across the Kishen Ganga, communicating with the village of" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lalor", "historical_name": "LALOR", "modern_name": "Lalor", "pdf_page": 253, "pdf_viewer_page": 267, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Kishtwár, situated on the top of a spur, above the right bank of the Lider Khol stream. It contains seven houses, three of which are inhabited by Hindús and four by Gújars. There are some fine trees about the village, and considerable cultivation. A shepherd's path from this village joins that between Borkan and Rámband.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.25, "source_longitude": 75.5, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 15'. Long. 75° 30'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "uated on the top of a spur, above the right bank of the Lider Khol stream. It contains seven houses, three of whic" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "and considerable cultivation. A shepherd's path from this village joins that between Borkan and Rámband." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lalpur", "historical_name": "LALPUR", "modern_name": "Lalpora, Lolab", "pdf_page": 254, "pdf_viewer_page": 268, "latitude": 34.5, "longitude": 74.418, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lolab_Valley", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Lalpora%20Lolab%20Kupwara", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The chief place, tehsil, and thana station of the Lolab pargana, is situated in a very fruitful district towards the south-east end of that valley. The houses, which are much scattered, number about 60, a large proportion of the inhabitants being Hindús. There are also a few sepoys located in the place. A stream flows through the village, furnishing an abundant supply of water. From Lalpur to Mogulpúr, near the junction of the Lulhwal and Kamíl rivers, is considered two marches, though on an emergency it may be made in one. There is likewise an excellent path to Alsú, near the margin of the Wular lake; the distance is about 9 miles; other paths cross the same range of hills to the south of Lalpur. (Montgomerie).", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.5, "source_longitude": 74.466667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 30'. Long. 74° 28'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "strong", "geocode_source": "manual web review", "review_note": "Lalpur is called the chief place/tehsil/thana station of Lolab pargana at the south-east end of the valley; modern Lalpora is a listed Lolab village and preserves the name.", "reviewed_at": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 9", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "s about 9 miles; other paths cross the same range of hills to the south of Lalpur. (Montgomerie)." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "district towards the south-east end of that valley. The houses, which are much scattered, number about 60, a large p" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "made in one. There is likewise an excellent path to Alsú, near the margin of the Wular lake; the distance is about" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lam", "historical_name": "LAM", "modern_name": "Lam", "pdf_page": 254, "pdf_viewer_page": 268, "latitude": 34.026819, "longitude": 75.0968848, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=5703804952264535259&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 7: Historical Lam is a valley/village opening into the north-east end of the Wular/Tral-side pargana and draining toward Arphal; existing Lam candidate in the Tral-Aripal area retained.", "blurb": "A mountain valley which opens into the north-east end of the Wúllar pargana. It is drained by a shallow stream, which flows into the Arphal stream, near the village of Pastúni. The village of Lam is situated at the western end of the valley.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=5703804952264535259&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJjUp7h48j4jgR22zXT2L8J08", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 91, "features": [ "village", "mountain", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "The village of Lam is situated at the western end of the valley." }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "A mountain valley which opens into the north-east end of the Wúllar pargana." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "It is drained by a shallow stream, which flows into the Arphal stream" } ], "feature_notes": "Village at the western end of a mountain valley drained by streams.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "landra", "historical_name": "LANDRA", "modern_name": "Landra", "pdf_page": 254, "pdf_viewer_page": 268, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A much scattered village in the province of Jamú, situated about 47 miles north-east of Jamu, on the road towards Rámband. It contains a fort of no great strength, built on the top of a spur, which juts out over a torrent, which flows down through the village. The fort is an oblong structure, about 35 feet long by 80 broad, built of stones strengthened by bands of timber, and roofed with mud on a layer of brushwood. At each corner, except the south-east, it has a bastion. The walls, which are loopholed, are highest on the west side, where they have an elevation of about 20 feet; on the north they are about 15 feet high. The east side overhangs the stream, and is inaccessible. The fort is commanded from a distance of about 800 yards to the east, and partially so at about 60 yards to the north. The garrison is said to number 18 sepoys; just outside the walls, near the banks of the torrent, there is a tank of clear cold water.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.133333, "source_longitude": 75.233333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 8'. Long. 75° 14'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "fort", "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "dra. Fort / historic site. A much scattered village in the province of Jamú, situated about 47 miles north-east of Ja" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "on the top of a spur, which juts out over a torrent, which flows down through the village. The fort is an oblong stru" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "d about 47 miles north-east of Jamu, on the road towards Rámband. It contains a fort of no great strength, built o" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "langkareshu", "historical_name": "LANGKARESHU", "modern_name": "Langkareshu", "pdf_page": 254, "pdf_viewer_page": 268, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the Uttar pargana, containing four houses inhabited by zemindars. It lies about half a mile south of Shalúrah, to the west of the path leading from that place towards Sopúr. The village contains a few trees, and is surrounded by rice cultivation, which is irrigated by a small stream.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.483333, "source_longitude": 74.166667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 29'. Long. 74° 10'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "cultivation, which is irrigated by a small stream." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "mile south of Shalúrah, to the west of the path leading from that place towards Sopúr. The village contains a few" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "langrpura", "historical_name": "LANGRPURA", "modern_name": "Langarpura", "pdf_page": 254, "pdf_viewer_page": 268, "latitude": 34.2984729, "longitude": 73.519278, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Langarpura/@34.2984729,73.519278,36521m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e09c4316960bb9:0x77fec389f01d7faf!8m2!3d34.3207747!4d73.5314366!16s%2Fg%2F12vtp6cbp?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Langarpura. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small village containing a customs post, situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, about 8 miles south-east of Mozafarabad, on the road towards Baramúla. (Allgood).", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Langarpura/@34.2984729,73.519278,36521m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e09c4316960bb9:0x77fec389f01d7faf!8m2!3d34.3207747!4d73.5314366!16s%2Fg%2F12vtp6cbp?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 34.316667, "source_longitude": 73.566667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 19'. Long. 73° 34'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJuQuWFkOc4DgRr38d8InD_nc", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A small village containing a customs post, situated on the right bank of the Jhelam" } ], "feature_notes": "Described as a small village.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lanka", "historical_name": "LANKA", "modern_name": "Zaina Lank, Wular Lake", "pdf_page": 254, "pdf_viewer_page": 268, "latitude": 34.3328535, "longitude": 74.6003778, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wular_Lake", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Zainul+Lank/@34.3328535,74.6003778,14197m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m12!1m5!3m4!2zMzTCsDE5JzU5LjkiTiA3NMKwMzYnMDAuMCJF!8m2!3d34.3333!4d74.6!3m5!1s0x38e17340740ba897:0x3923d473b90ca2f2!8m2!3d34.3684982!4d74.621038!16s%2Fg%2F11q3d295cd?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research: source identifies Lanka as Zaina Lank in Wular Lake. Public source confirms Zaina Lank but provides lake-level coordinates, so this is weak pending a precise island pin.", "blurb": "The Lanka island, or Zaina Lank, lies on the south-eastern side of the Wular lake, near where the Jhelam enters it. This islet, which is the only one in the lake, is the subject of several traditions. According to one of these, the Wular once extended to the vicinity of Súmbal, and the extent, therefore, to be traversed exposed the boats to sudden gales of wind, and occasioned frequent loss of lives. To prevent such accidents, King Zein-ul-abdin (who reigned in A.D.\n\n1422, and was 'the eighth and most renowned of the badshahs or Mohammedan rulers of Kashmir) determined to form a half way landing place, and accordingly had ordered an immense pile of stone and rubbish, derived from the Hindu temples, which had been demolished, to be thrown into the water, and thus formed the substratum of the island, to which, in ridicule of Hindu tradition, he gave the name of Lanka. Another story is, that the capital of Kashmir formerly occupied the site now covered by the lake, but that it suddenly sunk, and was submerged by some great convulsion of nature.\n\nZein-ul-abdin, it is added, caused the lake to be explored for some relics of the catastrophe, and the buildings now on Lanka were constructed, by his orders, of fragments recovered from the water. The island is quadrangular in shape, covering about two acres; its longer sides, north and south, are about 95 yards long, and its shorter, which are east and west, about 75 yards; it is covered with trees, chiefly mulberrys, many of which are entwined by grape vines.\n\nThere are the ruins of a temple near its east corner, which was constructed on a plan entirely different from that of any other existing example in Kashmir, being a square, 34 feet in dimension, with a single porch, or narthex, on the south side, projecting 6 feet beyond the walls of the cella. The exterior was ornamented with arcades of trefoiled niches in two tiers. These are so gothic in character, that they might be transferred without incongruity to the walls of an English cathedral. The trees, which have already displaced great part of the massive masonry, threaten soon to bring down all the remainder.\n\nThere appears once to have been a surrounding colonnade, as a large number of fluted pillars are lying about, but none in situ. There is also a small brick building near the north-west corner, the outside of which was formerly entirely covered with blue enamelled slabs, of which some are still remaining; it consists of one room, which is 16 feet square, and has a dome-shaped roof; and there is an entrance on the north and another on the east side.\n\nThere is an old Mohamedan cemetery on the south side of this building, and in a recess upon the inner wall of the latter there is a detached stone slab, with an inscription upon it in the Persian character, from which it appears that the Lanka was constructed by the Shah Zein-ul-abdin, about A. D. 1411. There are numerous large and rectangular masses of carved stones around the margins of this island, which are apparently the remains of an ornamented stone well. Along its south side there are several fragments of sculptured stones and broken pillars, and also a flight of stone steps, on one side of which is a stone trough, and on the other a large lingam, which is standing in the water.\n\nOn its east side also there are numerous carved masses and pillars, and the half of one is standing erect near the stone building. On its north side there are likewise many carved masses, but only one pillar, and that is lying near a flight of stone steps, which are almost entirely worn away; on its west side there are also a few masses, but no pillars.\n\nThe carved masses are all large, and mostly quadrilateral in shape, and the pillars are all fluted limestone columns, about 8½ feet high and 4 feet 4 inches in circumference, those which are lying upon the east and south sides are in a fair state of preservation, but those upon the north side are considerably worn, while those on the west side are so much so that the carving is scarcely traceable. The difference in the condition of these ruined fragments, according to their situation, is very striking, and suggests a question of great interest. Some years ago the island was inhabited, but a fakir now lives there in", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Zainul+Lank/@34.3328535,74.6003778,14197m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m12!1m5!3m4!2zMzTCsDE5JzU5LjkiTiA3NMKwMzYnMDAuMCJF!8m2!3d34.3333!4d74.6!3m5!1s0x38e17340740ba897:0x3923d473b90ca2f2!8m2!3d34.3684982!4d74.621038!16s%2Fg%2F11q3d295cd?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 34.366667, "source_longitude": 74.666667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 22'. Long. 74° 40'. Elev. 5,187 feet.", "admin_status": "Lake / spring / water site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "weak", "features": [ "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "garden", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "There are the ruins of a temple near its east corner... mass of carved stones... fragments of sculptured stones and broken pillars... flight of stone steps... stone trough... The trees... have displaced great part of the…" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "It is covered with trees, chiefly mulberrys, many of which are entwined by grape vines" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "an old Mohamedan cemetery on the south side... a small brick building formerly entirely covered with blue enamelled slabs... a detached stone slab, with an inscription" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "The Lanka island, or Zaina Lank, lies on the south-eastern side of the Wular lake" } ], "feature_notes": "Entry is an island in Wular Lake featuring extensive ruins (temple ruins, carved stones), old religious structures including a cemetery, and garden-like vegetation on the island.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lanka-pambay", "historical_name": "LANKA PAMBAY", "modern_name": "Lanka Pambay", "pdf_page": 256, "pdf_viewer_page": 270, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated at the east end of the Diosur pargana; it contains a few huts surrounded by some cultivation, and lies on the path leading towards the Bringhin Lannor valley.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.616667, "source_longitude": 75.083333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 37'. Long. 75° 5'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "he path leading towards the Bringhin Lannor valley." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ounded by some cultivation, and lies on the path leading towards the Bringhin Lannor valley." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lannor", "historical_name": "LANNOR", "modern_name": "Lannor", "pdf_page": 256, "pdf_viewer_page": 270, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This village is situated on the west side of the Bringhin Lannor valley, a beautiful strath amid the mountains between the Diosur pargana and the Shahabad valley. It contains 10 or 12 wooden houses, which are in a rather ruinous condition, besides two new brick buildings. There is an abundant supply of water from a small stream which flows down from the hills.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.6, "source_longitude": 75.116667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 36'. Long. 75° 7'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ted on the west side of the Bringhin Lannor valley, a beautiful strath amid the mountains between the Diosur pargana" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lar", "historical_name": "LAR", "modern_name": "Lar", "pdf_page": 256, "pdf_viewer_page": 270, "latitude": 34.2579692, "longitude": 74.7556518, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lar,_Jammu_and_Kashmir", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=16246427439736083884&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 6: Historical Lar is the pargana/tehsil area in the western Sind valley; modern Lar in Ganderbal preserves the name and administrative role. Wikipedia link added.", "blurb": "A pargana in the Patan zillah of the Kamrúd division; it comprises the western portion of the Sind valley. The tehsil station is at Arats.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=16246427439736083884&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJSd_VbN534TgRrNWg3q3nduE", "finalized": false, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 95, "features": [ "town", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "the western portion of the Sind valley. The tehsil station is at Arats." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "t comprises the western portion of the Sind valley. The tehsil station is at Arats." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lar-2", "historical_name": "LAR", "modern_name": "Lar", "pdf_page": 256, "pdf_viewer_page": 270, "latitude": 34.2579692, "longitude": 74.7556518, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=16246427439736083884&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 manual candidate batch: Historical Lar has an exact-name modern candidate at Lar in the Ganderbal/Sind valley region; existing candidate score was high and the name survival is strong. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A small village in the Basouli district, situated on the top of the spur above the left bank of the Chil stream, about 9 miles north of Basouli. There is a good deal of cultivation about the place.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=16246427439736083884&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.583333, "source_longitude": 75.85, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 35'. Long. 75° 51'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJSd_VbN534TgRrNWg3q3nduE", "finalized": false, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "uated on the top of the spur above the left bank of the Chil stream, about 9 miles north of Basouli. There is a go" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "larch", "historical_name": "LARCH", "modern_name": "Larch", "pdf_page": 256, "pdf_viewer_page": 270, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated near the left bank of the Mawar river, on the path leading from Sopúr towards the Karnao valley by the Tatmari Galli.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.35, "source_longitude": 74.25, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 21'. Long. 74° 15'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "úr towards the Karnao valley by the Tatmari Galli." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": ". Village. A village situated near the left bank of the Mawar river, on the path leading from Sopúr towards the Ka" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ar the left bank of the Mawar river, on the path leading from Sopúr towards the Karnao valley by the Tatmari Galli" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "laria", "historical_name": "LARIA", "modern_name": "Laria", "pdf_page": 256, "pdf_viewer_page": 270, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Thál valley, situated at the north-eastern extremity of the Awampúr wudar, or table-land, on the path from Súrsi towards Trál. It contains a masjid, and 20 houses inhabited by zemindars, a mulla, a dùm, and a Pandit. There is much rice cultivation about the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.9, "source_longitude": 75.133333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 54'. Long. 75° 8'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "path from Súrsi towards Trál. It contains a masjid, and 20 houses inhabited by zemindars, a mulla, a dùm, and a Pand" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ARIA. Laria. Village. A village in the Thál valley, situated at the north-eastern extremity of the Awampúr wudar, or" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "of the Awampúr wudar, or table-land, on the path from Súrsi towards Trál. It contains a masjid, and 20 houses inha" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "larikp-r", "historical_name": "LARIKPÚR", "modern_name": "Larikpur", "pdf_page": 256, "pdf_viewer_page": 270, "latitude": 33.892639, "longitude": 75.030663, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8797619299054256649&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Larikpur, 192122. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village and ghat situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, a few miles south-west of Awantipúr.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8797619299054256649&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.9, "source_longitude": 75.05, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 54'. Long. 75° 3'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJadzWweMe4jgRCQJABSRsF3o", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village and ghat situated on the left bank of the Jhelam" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "A village and ghat" } ], "feature_notes": "The term 'ghat' implies a riverside landing, often associated with ferry or boat access, qualifying as a bridge_or_ferry feature.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lar-n", "historical_name": "LARÚN", "modern_name": "Larnoo", "pdf_page": 256, "pdf_viewer_page": 270, "latitude": 33.622858, "longitude": 75.3718234, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8824412826375247589&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-04 candidate batch: Historical Larun is described in the Nowbug valley south of Nowbug; modern Larnoo is a plausible name-survival candidate in the Anantnag/Kokernag area, but needs review against the source setting.", "blurb": "A large village in the Nowbûg valley, situated on the left bank of the river, rather more than a mile south of Nowbûg; it contains two masjids and fifteen houses disposed in three clusters. There is a considerable amount of rice cultivation about the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8824412826375247589&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.633333, "source_longitude": 75.416667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 38'. Long. 75° 25'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJIZFfTJqKHTkR5VZ_O7acdno", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 72, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "noo. Village. A large village in the Nowbûg valley, situated on the left bank of the river, rather more than a mile" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lashiputhar", "historical_name": "LASHIPUTHAR", "modern_name": "Lashiputhar", "pdf_page": 256, "pdf_viewer_page": 270, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A hamlet situated on the left bank of the Nichinai stream, near its confluence with the Sind, about a mile north-west of the Sonamarg; it contains three houses, surrounded by a little cultivation.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.316667, "source_longitude": 75.316667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 19'. Long. 75° 19'. Elev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Shalimar Garden", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "village" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "PUTHAR. Lashiputhar. River / watercourse. A hamlet situated on the left bank of the Nichinai stream, near its conflu" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "latap-r", "historical_name": "LATAPÚR", "modern_name": "Latapúr", "pdf_page": 256, "pdf_viewer_page": 270, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated at the foot of the Sonakrund table-land, on the right bank of the Jhelam, a few miles south-east of Pampúr; it contains a masjid, and about 15 houses inhabited by zemindars. Saffron is extensively cultivated on the plateau between this village and Pampúr. This village is the representative of the ancient Lalitapûra, founded by King Lalitaditya (A.D. 693 to 729).", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.966667, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 58'. Long. 75°. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "w miles south-east of Pampúr; it contains a masjid, and about 15 houses inhabited by zemindars. Saffron is extensive" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "t of the Sonakrund table-land, on the right bank of the Jhelam, a few miles south-east of Pampúr; it contains a ma" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": ". This village is the representative of the ancient Lalitapûra, founded by King Lalitaditya (A.D. 693 to 729)." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "latchipura", "historical_name": "LATCHIPURA", "modern_name": "Latchipura", "pdf_page": 257, "pdf_viewer_page": 271, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Dachin district, situated in the valley some miles north of Gingl. There is said to be a path from this village into the Karnao valley.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.183333, "source_longitude": 74.133333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 11'. Long. 74° 8'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Lachipora wildlife sanctuary", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "age in the Dachin district, situated in the valley some miles north of Gingl. There is said to be a path from this v" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "miles north of Gingl. There is said to be a path from this village into the Karnao valley." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lehindajjar", "historical_name": "LEHINDAJJAR", "modern_name": "Lehindajjar", "pdf_page": 257, "pdf_viewer_page": 271, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village inhabited by Gújars, situated on the mountains on the west side of the Dachinpára parganá, on the Bhúgmar path, leading into the Trál valley.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.916667, "source_longitude": 75.266667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 55'. Long. 75° 16'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Lidder valley", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "on the Bhúgmar path, leading into the Trál valley." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "e of the Dachinpára parganá, on the Bhúgmar path, leading into the Trál valley." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lelam", "historical_name": "LELAM", "modern_name": "Lelam", "pdf_page": 257, "pdf_viewer_page": 271, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the mountain side, above the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, almost opposite Karen. It contains five houses. There are also two houses surrounded by fields on the path below the village; this hamlet is called Kaser, and is the highest point where rice cultivation is met with in the valley of the Kishen Ganga.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.65, "source_longitude": 78.983333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 39'. Long. 78° 59'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "uated on the mountain side, above the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, almost opposite Karen. It contains five hous" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "also two houses surrounded by fields on the path below the village; this hamlet is called Kaser, and is the highes" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "leri", "historical_name": "LERI", "modern_name": "Leri", "pdf_page": 257, "pdf_viewer_page": 271, "latitude": 33.6042592, "longitude": 73.9348825, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Lehri/@33.6042592,73.9348825,3148m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m10!1m2!2m1!1sLehri+kotli!3m6!1s0x38e024981c7e97c1:0x35e2a16923e613a0!8m2!3d33.6043242!4d73.9473907!15sCgtMZWhyaSBrb3RsaeABAA!16s%2Fg%2F11xc0q95c?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Kotli district, lying about 9 miles north of that town, on the road to Punch. It possesses a very fine spring, which rises in a baoli, by the side of the path from which a considerable rivulet is formed. There are about 25 houses in the village, the inhabitants being all Mohamedans. Dry crops, including a little cotton, are grown.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Lehri/@33.6042592,73.9348825,3148m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m10!1m2!2m1!1sLehri+kotli!3m6!1s0x38e024981c7e97c1:0x35e2a16923e613a0!8m2!3d33.6043242!4d73.9473907!15sCgtMZWhyaSBrb3RsaeABAA!16s%2Fg%2F11xc0q95c?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.616667, "source_longitude": 73.983333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 37'. Long. 73° 59'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in the Kotli district" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "It possesses a very fine spring, which rises in a baoli" } ], "feature_notes": "Village with a notable spring formed in a baoli.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lidar", "historical_name": "LIDAR", "modern_name": "Lidar", "pdf_page": 257, "pdf_viewer_page": 271, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The Lidar, or the 'Yellow' river, is formed by two mountain torrents, which flowing from the north and north-east unite near the village of Palgám, lat. 34° long. 75° 22'. The eastern stream trickles from the snows on the southern slopes of the Panjátárni mountains, and as the Gratáriná flows into the Shisha Nág, which is connected with another small lake called the Zamti Nág, fed by an enormous glacier, from this latter lake the peculiar white colouring matter of the Lidar seems to be derived. Leaving the Shisha Nág the stream flows in a westerly direction, joining the northern branch, which rises on the northern slopes of the Gwashbrari or Koholi mountain, and is joined by a stream flowing from the Tar Sar and Chanda Sar lakes. After the junction of these torrents, just south of the village of Palgám, the river flows on a rapid and unnavigable stream in a south-westerly direction, separating the parganas of Dachinpára on the right bank from Kaurpára on the left. In its passage through the lower part of the valley, the river separates into numerous channels, and on gaining the vicinity of Islamabad, its rapidity ceases with the rocky ness of its bed, and at the places of junction with the Jhelam, just north of that town, its dull and muddy streams are scarcely less than that of the Jhelam itself. (Vigne. Montgomerie—Luce.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Lidder River Valley", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "town", "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "rom the north and north-east unite near the village of Palgám, lat. 34° long. 75° 22'. The eastern stream trickles fr" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "AR. Lidar. Town. The Lidar, or the 'Yellow' river, is formed by two mountain torrents, which flowing from the north" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lidar-2", "historical_name": "LIDAR", "modern_name": "Lidar", "pdf_page": 257, "pdf_viewer_page": 271, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This valley opens into the south-east end of the Kashmír valley, giving passage to a river of the same name. It extends in a northerly direction from near Islamabad to Palgám, a distance of about 22 miles, and includes the parganas of Dachinpára and Kaurpára. At Palgám the valley divides into two defiles, which stretch obliquely, one towards the north-west, pointing towards the Sind valley, which may, it is said, be reached by a footpath following the course of the Lidarwat stream; the other towards the north-east, leading up to the Shíshán Nág, and the sacred cave of Amrnáth. At its lower end the valley is 3 or 4 miles wide, but at its upper end only a few hundred yards; it is bounded on both sides by mountains, which are increasingly lofty, especially in its upper half, and, when the altitude admits of it, they are covered with dense forest. Cultivation does not extend beyond about a mile north of Palgám. There is a road along the valley, which follows the left bank of the river as far as Palgám, and then takes the eastern defile towards the Shíshán Nág and the Amrnáth cave. This path is practicable for ponies, and is yearly traversed by multitudes of pilgrims of both sexes, some of whom are very decrepit. It is possible, though a matter of some difficulty, to reach the Sind valley from the Amrnáth cave, by following the course of the Panjárni stream. Jacquencort states that he found copper ore in the Lidar valley. (Vigne—Cunningham—Montgomerie—Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Lidder River Valley", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "nd about a mile north of Palgám. There is a road along the valley, which follows the left bank of the river as far" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lidarmont", "historical_name": "LIDARMONT", "modern_name": "Lidarmont", "pdf_page": 258, "pdf_viewer_page": 272, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village and ghat situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, about 2 miles north-west of Islamabad, just above the junction of the southernmost branch of the Lidar.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.75, "source_longitude": 75.183333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 45'. Long. 75° 11'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Lidder valley", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "e. A village and ghat situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, about 2 miles north-west of Islamabad, just above" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "IDARMONT. Lidarmont. Village. A village and ghat situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, about 2 miles north-wes" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lidarwat", "historical_name": "LIDARWAT", "modern_name": "Lidarwat", "pdf_page": 258, "pdf_viewer_page": 272, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name given to that portion of the valley of the Lidar river which is situated near its source, at the junction of the stream which flows from the Tar Sar and Chanda Sar lakes.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.166667, "source_longitude": 75.283333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 10'. Long. 75° 17'. Elev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Lidderwat", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lider-khol", "historical_name": "LIDER KHOL.", "modern_name": "Lider Khol.", "pdf_page": 258, "pdf_viewer_page": 272, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The torrents which form this stream take their rise on the slopes of the mountains bounding the south-eastern extremity of the Kashmir valley, uniting near the village of Lagmar. The stream then flows in a southerly direction through a narrow valley, emptying itself into the Chandra Bhága, lat. 33° 9', long. 75° 32', a few miles west of Doda. The Lidar Khol is not fordable south of Lagmar; the road from Doda to Rámband crosses it by a kadal bridge at the village of Gusánk, and there are similar bridges at the villages of Karotá, Manzám, beneath Lágmar and Borkan, and at Gay; on the eastern branch there is also a rough bridge of the tangeri description, between the villages of Kai and Gotala. The district drained by this stream is called the Síráz valley; it is principally inhabited by Hindús, and is said to form part of the Rámband pargana.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "hol.. Village. The torrents which form this stream take their rise on the slopes of the mountains bounding the south" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "w miles west of Doda. The Lidar Khol is not fordable south of Lagmar; the road from Doda to Rámband crosses it by a ka" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "r Khol is not fordable south of Lagmar; the road from Doda to Rámband crosses it by a kadal bridge at the village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lilahar", "historical_name": "LILAHAR", "modern_name": "Lilahar", "pdf_page": 258, "pdf_viewer_page": 272, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, between Awantipúr and Pampúr.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.95, "source_longitude": 74.983333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 57'. Long. 74° 59'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Lilahar", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ar. Village. A village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, between Awantipúr and Pampúr." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lilam", "historical_name": "LILAM", "modern_name": "Lilam", "pdf_page": 258, "pdf_viewer_page": 272, "latitude": 34.3658372, "longitude": 74.0843523, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=5418312250833793320&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 7: Historical Lilam is at the north end of Machhipura pargana; existing Lilam candidate in the north Kashmir/Machil-Kupwara side retained.", "blurb": "A village situated at the north end of the Machhipúra pargana. The founder of this most flourishing village was Sirfráz Khán, a native of Yusafzái, who was in the service of Shaikh Gúlam, and first settled in Lilám in A.D. 1846, when the whole of the neighbourhood was a jungle. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=5418312250833793320&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.466667, "source_longitude": 74.166667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 28'. Long. 74° 10'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJdxKxM-Hk4DgRKHEY4Ui2MUs", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 92, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village situated at the north end of the Machhipúra pargana" } ], "feature_notes": "Features classified by LLM from the gazetteer entry context.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "limbear", "historical_name": "LIMBEAR", "modern_name": "Limber", "pdf_page": 258, "pdf_viewer_page": 272, "latitude": 34.1503923, "longitude": 74.1805507, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Limber/@34.1503923,74.1805507,7590m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e05531c6c47dc1:0x25d299c7e3d9218a!8m2!3d34.1616004!4d74.1779353!16s%2Fg%2F11q7ft_165?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 manual candidate batch: Historical Limbear is a strong spelling variant of modern Limber near Boniyar/Uri; existing candidate coordinates preserve the locality name. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A village in the Dachi district, situated on the slopes of the mountains above the right bank of the Jhelam. There is said to be a footpath from this village, leading over the hills into the Karnao valley.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Limber/@34.1503923,74.1805507,7590m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e05531c6c47dc1:0x25d299c7e3d9218a!8m2!3d34.1616004!4d74.1779353!16s%2Fg%2F11q7ft_165?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 34.166667, "source_longitude": 74.216667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 10'. Long. 74° 13'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJwX3ExjFV4DgRiiHZ48eZ0iU", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "mountain" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in the Dachi district" }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "situated on the slopes of the mountains above the right bank of the Jhelam" } ], "feature_notes": "Village on mountain slopes; both features present.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "limsora", "historical_name": "LIMSORA", "modern_name": "Limsora", "pdf_page": 258, "pdf_viewer_page": 272, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village, in the Riassi district, situated some miles north-east of that", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.15, "source_longitude": 74.983333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 9'. Long. 74° 59' Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "Continuation not found in next page top_continuation.", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Only Kashmir", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lirrow", "historical_name": "LIRROW", "modern_name": "Lirow", "pdf_page": 259, "pdf_viewer_page": 273, "latitude": 33.6475266, "longitude": 74.9690975, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=12715623140421619256&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Lirow 192231. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small village situated near the right bank of the Veshau, about 3 miles west of Kulgam. (Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=12715623140421619256&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.65, "source_longitude": 75.016667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 39'. Long. 75° 1'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJTQtoNGD_4TgROE6RPuD3drA", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ge. A small village situated near the right bank of the Veshau, about 3 miles west of Kulgam. (Ince.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lisi", "historical_name": "LISI", "modern_name": "Lisi", "pdf_page": 259, "pdf_viewer_page": 273, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A hamlet in Kishtwár, containing but two huts inhabited by Hindús. It is situated on the hill side, above the left bank of the Lidar Khol, close to Bagát.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.183333, "source_longitude": 75.516667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 11'. Long. 75° 31'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "LISI. Lisi. Gazetteer entry. A hamlet in Kishtwár, containing but two huts inhabited by Hindús. It is s" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "s situated on the hill side, above the left bank of the Lidar Khol, close to Bagát." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "liss", "historical_name": "LISSÚ", "modern_name": "Lissú", "pdf_page": 259, "pdf_viewer_page": 273, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated in a small well wooded valley, which opens into the east side of the Nowbúg Nai, a little north of the village of Nowbúg. It contains two houses, and is watered by a torrent from the hills.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.666667, "source_longitude": 75.433333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 40'. Long. 75° 26'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": ". A village situated in a small well wooded valley, which opens into the east side of the Nowbúg Nai, a little north" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "littar", "historical_name": "LITTAR", "modern_name": "Litter", "pdf_page": 259, "pdf_viewer_page": 273, "latitude": 33.814105, "longitude": 75.0006496, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13322465580919838116&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 candidate batch: Historical Littar is the tehsil village of Showra pargana on the left bank of the Rembiara; modern Litter/Littar near Pulwama preserves the name and regional setting. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A village situated in the Showra parganá, of which it is the tehsil station. It lies to the north of the Zaina púr wudar, on the left bank of the Rembiára.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13322465580919838116&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.816667, "source_longitude": 75.05, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 49'. Long. 75° 3'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJL4yQgK8d4jgRpFUYQ9zn4rg", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village situated in the Showra parganá" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "It lies to the north of the Zaina púr wudar, on the left bank of the Rembiára" } ], "feature_notes": "Village located on the bank of a river (Rembiára).", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "loang", "historical_name": "LOANG", "modern_name": "Loang", "pdf_page": 259, "pdf_viewer_page": 273, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Basuali district, situated above the right bank of the Siowa river, about midway between Bani and Sertal Marg, the encamping ground at the foot of the southern slopes of the Chatarhdar pass. The village, which lies under the mountains at some distance from the river, contains about 13 houses inhabited by a mixed population of Hindús and Mahomedans. There are some trees about the village, and plenty of space for encamping; supplies are procurable, and water is obtained from a stream. The village contains two small Hindú temples shaded by a stunted chumar tree; one is dedicated to the Diota Basku, and the other and larger to Sib Baba Adam, the father of mankind.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.766667, "source_longitude": 75.833333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 46'. Long. 75° 50'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "serai", "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "ut midway between Bani and Sertal Marg, the encamping ground at the foot of the southern slopes of the Chatarhdar pass. The vi" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ot of the southern slopes of the Chatarhdar pass. The village, which lies under the mountains at some distance fro" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Basuali district, situated above the right bank of the Siowa river, about midway between Bani and Sertal Marg, th" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lohat", "historical_name": "LOHAT", "modern_name": "Lohat", "pdf_page": 259, "pdf_viewer_page": 273, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "There are two villages of this name in Upper Drawar, Hairi or Upper Lohát, and Bani Tali or Lower Lohát. They are both situated on the left bank of a considerable torrent, which flows into the Kishen Ganga river. The lower village lies on the right bank of the river, just north of the confluence of this torrent, on the path leading up the valley. The upper village is said to be distant about 4 koss from the lower, and contains a masjid, and 12 houses inhabited by zemindars, a mullah, a blacksmith, and a carpenter. In Tali Lohát there are only two houses, surrounded by a long strip of cultivation on the river bank. The encamping ground lies on the right bank of the torrent, near a mill; the space is confined, but pleasantly shaded by trees; some caves in the rocks forming the bank of the Kishen Ganga would afford a considerable amount of shelter. The torrent which flows by these villages is called the Bussok stream; it is not fordable, but is crossed by a kadal bridge at Tali Lohát; there is said to be another bridge at the upper village, and a third at the Munnar Dok or pasturage, still higher up the valley. A path leading into the Khágan valley by the Jotari pass, lies up the course of this stream, by which it is said the village of Burrawai may be reached in four marches, at such times as the pass is practicable.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.7, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 42'. Long. 74°. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "serai", "religious_site", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "strip of cultivation on the river bank. The encamping ground lies on the right bank of the torrent, near a mill; the space is" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "about 4 koss from the lower, and contains a masjid, and 12 houses inhabited by zemindars, a mullah, a blacksmith, an" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "eading into the Khágan valley by the Jotari pass, lies up the course of this stream, by which it is said the villa" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "r Lohát. They are both situated on the left bank of a considerable torrent, which flows into the Kishen Ganga rive" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "ages is called the Bussok stream; it is not fordable, but is crossed by a kadal bridge at Tali Lohát; there is said to" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lolab", "historical_name": "LOLAB", "modern_name": "Lolab", "pdf_page": 259, "pdf_viewer_page": 273, "latitude": 34.49722222, "longitude": 74.4125, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lolab_Valley", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=17403605710698247695&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 6: Historical Lolab is the north-east Kashmir valley/pargana formed by the Lahwal/Lolab river; modern Lolab Valley is the same geographic feature. Wikipedia link added.", "blurb": "A pargana comprising a beautiful and very fertile valley, situated on the north-east side of Kashmir; the tehsil station is at Lalpur. The valley is oval in shape, and its surface is elevated and undulating; it stretches about 15 miles north-west and south-east, varying in breadth from a few hundred yards to about 3 miles. It is traversed by a considerable stream called the Lahwal, and is intersected in all directions by its numerous tributaries, which flow down from the surrounding hills, which are clothed by dense forests of deodar. North of the Sharibal mountain the valley is thickly covered with jungle, and has little cultivation. On the north side the wudar or table-land is very strongly marked, and in two places it extends across the valley, the road passing through a narrow defile. This table-land is covered with a thick pine forest, and a few Gujar families are its only inhabitants. There are extensive tracts of pasture ground in the valley under the hills, and along the sides of the spurs, and large numbers of ponies are grazed in the district. The Lolab valley contains about 30 villages, which are mostly situated in the midst of groves of chunar, walnut, apple, cherry, alácha, and peach trees. There are 11 small lakes in the district, having an average depth of 3 or 3 1/2 feet. They are covered with weeds, and afford great shelter to waterfowl. Vigne, in his description of the Loláb valley, observes that there is in the middle a large flat and circular space, a valley within the valley, the snuggest and most retired looking region imaginable. This part of Loláb is about 5 1/2 miles in diameter, and a morass, that appears to have been formerly a lake, occupies the centre; the sides are verdant, and more or less covered with jungle. He noticed a curious fact connected with the natural history of this part of the country, which would go far to prove that this singular punch-bowl is the most sheltered district in Kashmír. As evening drew nigh it was astonishing to observe the number of birds of the corvus genus who came to pass the night on its plain; ravens, crows, and jackdaws were seen in almost every direction, excepting the north, whither they do not repair, the country being comparatively barren. They appeared in the air above the mountain-tops, all moving towards Loláb as a centre, and then suddenly, as they came in sight of their resting place, darted downwards with surprising velocity, crossing each other in their zigzag, irregular flight, as if they had been influenced by terror, or the fury of a driving hurricane. As they neared the ground, they gradually slackened their speed, circled over its surface for a moment, and then alighted in such countless numbers, that the ground in some places was literally blackened with them. (Vigne—Montgomery.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=17403605710698247695&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ41KRDTsY4TgRD_YghS8HhvE", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 97, "features": [ "forest", "river_or_lake", "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "forest", "quote": "surrounding hills, which are clothed by dense forests of deodar" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "It is traversed by a considerable stream called the Lahwal" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "The Lolab valley contains about 30 villages" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "The Lolab valley contains about 30 villages" } ], "feature_notes": "Lolab is a region with many villages; the entry describes an area not a single settlement, so primary feature is village according to instruction to tag village when uncertain for settlements mentioned.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lolpur", "historical_name": "LOLPUR", "modern_name": "Lolpur", "pdf_page": 260, "pdf_viewer_page": 274, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Bangil pargana, of which it is the tehsil station. It lies 10 miles west of Srinagar, and 8 miles north-east of the village of Firozpur, and forms the usual stage between these places, on the route by the Firozpur pass.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.1, "source_longitude": 74.583333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 6'. Long. 74° 35'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Lolipora", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "town", "pass", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "e in the Bangil pargana, of which it is the tehsil station. It lies 10 miles west of Srinagar, and 8 miles north-east of the" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "these places, on the route by the Firozpur pass." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "he village of Firozpur, and forms the usual stage between these places, on the route by the Firozpur pass." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lower", "historical_name": "LOWER", "modern_name": "Lower", "pdf_page": 260, "pdf_viewer_page": 274, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village situated towards the upper extremity of the Bring valley, on the right bank of the Tansan stream. The road leading towards Kishtwar, by the Marbal pass, becomes hilly and difficult for riding immediately after leaving the village. In the neighbourhood of Lower, the cultivation is luxuriant, and the hills beautifully wooded. (Hervey.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.533333, "source_longitude": 75.416667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 32'. Long. 75° 25'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Jammu and Kashmir", "no_match_score": -3, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "oad leading towards Kishtwar, by the Marbal pass, becomes hilly and difficult for riding immediately after leaving" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ed towards the upper extremity of the Bring valley, on the right bank of the Tansan stream. The road leading towards" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "on the right bank of the Tansan stream. The road leading towards Kishtwar, by the Marbal pass, becomes hilly and d" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ludar-marg", "historical_name": "LUDAR MARG", "modern_name": "Ludar Marg", "pdf_page": 260, "pdf_viewer_page": 274, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A collection of shepherds' huts, situated on the slopes of the Pansal range, to the east of the Sangsofcd pass; it lies close to the pathways leading from the Kashmír valley, by the Choti Gáli pass. The Marg forms a convenient place for encamping, for which it offers every advantage, being open, grassy, and watered by the Sangsofcd stream. Forage and fuel abound; but no supplies are procurable. (Allgood.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.8, "source_longitude": 74.633333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 48'. Long. 74° 38'. Elev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "Entry is cut off at the bottom of the page and continues on the next.", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kashmir gulmarg", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "pass" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "pherds' huts, situated on the slopes of the Pansal range, to the east of the Sangsofcd pass; it lies close to the pa" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "l-dura", "historical_name": "LÚDURA", "modern_name": "Ludura", "pdf_page": 261, "pdf_viewer_page": 275, "latitude": 34.2379398, "longitude": 74.4244153, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=5363922087558290068&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 candidate batch: Historical Ludura is a large village on the Jhelam between Sopore and Baramulla; modern Ludura near Sopore/Baramulla preserves the name and riverine position. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A large village situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, at a bend of the river between Sopúr and Baramúla. This village stands on high ground, and is shaded by fine trees.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=5363922087558290068&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.25, "source_longitude": 74.433333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 15'. Long. 74° 26'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJ4cesfW8I4TgRlJrIJ7h6cEo", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "forest" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A large village situated on the right bank of the Jhelam" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Situated on the right bank of the Jhelam" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "shaded by fine trees" } ], "feature_notes": "Large village on river bank and shaded by trees.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "l-lip-ra-or-lalp-r", "historical_name": "LÚLIPŪRA or LALPŪR", "modern_name": "Lúlipūra Or Lalpūr", "pdf_page": 261, "pdf_viewer_page": 275, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Birwa pargana; it lies on the path about midway between Makháma and Drang, and is situated on the west side of a sloping spur. In the centre of the village, surrounded by a brick wall, is the ziárat of Syud Mohamed Sahib, and near it a well built filature. There is a masjid in the village, and 25 houses inhabited by zemindars, a múllá, carpenter, blacksmith, a potter, and a cowherd. There are many fruit trees about the place, and much rice cultivation.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.016667, "source_longitude": 74.616667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 1'. Long. 74° 37'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Toli Peer", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "village, surrounded by a brick wall, is the ziárat of Syud Mohamed Sahib, and near it a well built filature. There i" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "illage in the Birwa pargana; it lies on the path about midway between Makháma and Drang, and is situated on the we" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lujyen", "historical_name": "LUJYEN", "modern_name": "Lujyen", "pdf_page": 261, "pdf_viewer_page": 275, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village lying on the left bank of the Jhelam, about 4 miles south-east of Srinagar. It is famous for its manufacture of the coarse matting, which is used for the awnings of boats and other purposes.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.033333, "source_longitude": 74.916667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 2'. Long. 74° 55'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Village. A small village lying on the left bank of the Jhelam, about 4 miles south-east of Srinagar. It is famous" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lundp-r", "historical_name": "LUNDPŪR", "modern_name": "Lundpur", "pdf_page": 261, "pdf_viewer_page": 275, "latitude": 32.5492531, "longitude": 74.0601215, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=10729964204323391060&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Lundpur, Gujrat, Pakistan. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, a few miles south of Avantipúr.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=10729964204323391060&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.9, "source_longitude": 75.05, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 54'. Long. 75° 3'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJSRxggfYaHzkRVEZaE5h96JQ", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ur. Village. A village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, a few miles south of Avantipúr." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lungni", "historical_name": "LUNGNI", "modern_name": "Lungni", "pdf_page": 261, "pdf_viewer_page": 275, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a stream which drains a narrow valley in the lofty mountains, forming the boundary between the Dachinpára pargana and Maru Wardwan. It flows into the Lidar, lat. 33° 58', long. 75° 21', between the villages of Bhutkot and Mundra.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "LUNGNI. Lungni. Village. The name of a stream which drains a narrow valley in the lofty mountains, forming the" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "l-r", "historical_name": "LŪR", "modern_name": "Lūr", "pdf_page": 261, "pdf_viewer_page": 275, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Dachinpára pargana, situated on the right bank of the Lidar. It lies on the path from Bij Behára towards Ganeshbal, at the point where the valley narrows very rapidly at the entrance to the wooded hills which intervene between the valley of Kashmir and the snow-capped mountains in the immediate vicinity. (Hervey.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.933333, "source_longitude": 75.333333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 56'. Long. 75° 20'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "e Dachinpára pargana, situated on the right bank of the Lidar. It lies on the path from Bij Behára towards Ganeshb" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "the right bank of the Lidar. It lies on the path from Bij Behára towards Ganeshbal, at the point where the valley" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "l-rao", "historical_name": "LŪRAO", "modern_name": "Lūrao", "pdf_page": 261, "pdf_viewer_page": 275, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A considerable village in the Wúllar pargana, situated on one of the main branches of the Arphal stream, about 4 miles north of Trál. The stream, which is about 25 feet wide, with a depth of 1½ or 2 feet, flows with a moderate current; it is crossed by a bridge made of slabs of stone. The village contains a masjid, the ziárat of Syud Mohamed Sahib Bokhári, and about 16 houses inhabited by zemindars, a múllá, a dúm, a cowherd, and a carpenter. Corn is cultivated about the village, and also a little rice.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.983333, "source_longitude": 75.133333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 59'. Long. 75° 8'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Wular Lake", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "town", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "LŪRAO. Lūrao. Village. A considerable village in the Wúllar pargana, situated on one of the main branches of th" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "e of slabs of stone. The village contains a masjid, the ziárat of Syud Mohamed Sahib Bokhári, and about 16 houses in" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "d on one of the main branches of the Arphal stream, about 4 miles north of Trál. The stream, which is about 25 feet" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "with a moderate current; it is crossed by a bridge made of slabs of stone. The village contains a masjid, the ziárat" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "l-rgam", "historical_name": "LŪRGAM", "modern_name": "Lorgam", "pdf_page": 261, "pdf_viewer_page": 275, "latitude": 33.9710337, "longitude": 75.0917753, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13234856065987216416&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Lorgam 192123. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A considerable village in the Wúllar pargana, situated rather more than 3 miles north of Trál, on the path towards Arphal. It contains a thana, and is the residence of the naib thanadar. The population numbers 25 families of zemindars, two bunnias, a dúm, múllá, mochi, cowherd, a carpenter, and a potter.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13234856065987216416&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.966667, "source_longitude": 75.133333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 58'. Long. 75° 8'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ4eQ7REYi4jgRIISXgninq7c", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "town", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "LŪRGAM. Lorgam. Village. A considerable village in the Wúllar pargana, situated rather more than 3 miles north of" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "her more than 3 miles north of Trál, on the path towards Arphal. It contains a thana, and is the residence of the" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lutab", "historical_name": "LUTAB", "modern_name": "Lutab", "pdf_page": 262, "pdf_viewer_page": 276, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the north side of the Karnao valley, just to the west of the fort.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 24.566667, "source_longitude": 73.883333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 24° 34'. Long. 73° 53'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "fort", "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "LUTAB. Lutab. Fort / historic site. A village situated on the north side of the Karnao valley, just to the west" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ge situated on the north side of the Karnao valley, just to the west of the fort." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "machhipura", "historical_name": "MACHHIPURA", "modern_name": "Machhipura", "pdf_page": 262, "pdf_viewer_page": 276, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A pargana in the Kamraj division of Kashmir; the tehsil station is at Handwara. This was not one of the original parganas formed by Dewan Todamul, but was separated from Lolab, and constituted a pargana during the Sikh occupancy of Kashmir. It is a very well watered and well wooded district, and contained, when surveyed between the years 1856 and 1860, 75 villages, with 716 houses. A great portion of this area is well cultivated, rice being the staple produce, and barley in places. The table-lands, where clear of forest, are principally used as grazing grounds. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Machil valley", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "town" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "gana in the Kamraj division of Kashmir; the tehsil station is at Handwara. This was not one of the original parganas formed" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "machhama", "historical_name": "MACHHAMA", "modern_name": "Machhama", "pdf_page": 262, "pdf_viewer_page": 276, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A pargana in the Patan zillah of the Kamraj division; it comprises a district lying to the south-west of Srinagar. The tehsil station is at Sybug.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Mazhama", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "town" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "ct lying to the south-west of Srinagar. The tehsil station is at Sybug." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "magabsangar", "historical_name": "MAGABSANGAR", "modern_name": "Magabsangar", "pdf_page": 262, "pdf_viewer_page": 276, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of the most considerable hill lying towards the north end of the ridge between the Machhipura and Uttar parganas. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.483333, "source_longitude": 74.283333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 29'. Long. 74° 17'. Elev. 7,074 feet.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Magam Budgam kashmir", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "pass" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ble hill lying towards the north end of the ridge between the Machhipura and Uttar parganas. (Montgomerie.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "magham", "historical_name": "MAGHAM", "modern_name": "Magam", "pdf_page": 262, "pdf_viewer_page": 276, "latitude": 34.092778, "longitude": 74.591389, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magam", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=11137319375634055042&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Magam 193401. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A large village, situated on the left bank of the Dangwari stream, at the foot of the range of hills dividing the Machhipura and Uttar parganas; it lies about 8 miles south-east of Shalurah, on the road towards Sopur. In the middle of the village, there is a large expanse of green turf, shaded by some fine old trees, which is suitable for an encampment. The village contains a spring, and there are about 25 houses inhabited by Mohamedan zemindars, including a potter, carpenter, blacksmith, mochi, and a bunnia, and also one Pandit. The ziarat of Sidiki Sami is picturesquely situated on the crest of the spur, just north of the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=11137319375634055042", "source_latitude": 34.45, "source_longitude": 74.283333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 27'. Long. 74° 17'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJNYg-QIOi4TgRgj--zva0j5o", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "spring", "forest", "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A large village" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "The village contains a spring" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "The ziarat of Sidiki Sami is picturesquely situated on the crest of the spur, just north of the village" } ], "feature_notes": "Ziarat is a pilgrimage shrine, qualifying as religious_site.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "maingam", "historical_name": "MAINGAM", "modern_name": "Manigam", "pdf_page": 262, "pdf_viewer_page": 276, "latitude": 34.2835899, "longitude": 74.8071547, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8789054629328251194&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 manual candidate batch: Historical Maingam is a close spelling variant of modern Manigam in Ganderbal; the name and locality context make this a useful candidate for review. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A large village containing about 40 houses, situated above the right bank of the Ningil stream, about 3 miles north of Kountra, on the path towards Sopur. There is much rice cultivation about the village, and a few corn fields. With the exception of the patwari, who is a Pandit, all the inhabitants are Mohamedan zemindars, including a mulla, dum, mochi, a carpenter, a blacksmith, and a potter.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8789054629328251194&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.15, "source_longitude": 74.466667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 9'. Long. 74° 28'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJHSRJ3rZ54TgROumcdJ7--Hk", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "g about 40 houses, situated above the right bank of the Ningil stream, about 3 miles north of Kountra, on the path" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "eam, about 3 miles north of Kountra, on the path towards Sopur. There is much rice cultivation about the village," } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "maira", "historical_name": "MAIRA", "modern_name": "Maira", "pdf_page": 262, "pdf_viewer_page": 276, "latitude": 34.442957, "longitude": 73.6793734, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2440447991552010747&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Maira. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "This village, which is known as Dedar Baksh-ka-Maira, is situated on a chur or island in the Jhelam, which is crossed by the road from Mirpur to the Gatala ferry; it lies about 10 miles south of Mirpur.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2440447991552010747&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.066667, "source_longitude": 73.783333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 4'. Long. 73° 47'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJpdtc1MOX4DgR--lFrYQ23iE", "finalized": false, "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ira, is situated on a chur or island in the Jhelam, which is crossed by the road from Mirpur to the Gatala ferry; it" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "ossed by the road from Mirpur to the Gatala ferry; it lies about 10 miles south of Mirpur." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "land in the Jhelam, which is crossed by the road from Mirpur to the Gatala ferry; it lies about 10 miles south of" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "maitwan", "historical_name": "MAITWAN", "modern_name": "Maitwan", "pdf_page": 263, "pdf_viewer_page": 277, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village containing six houses, situated on the right bank of the Farribadi stream, about 14 miles north-east of Maru or Petgam. The traveller cannot depend upon obtaining either coolies or supplies at this village. (Robinson.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.7, "source_longitude": 75.9, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 42'. Long. 75° 54'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "The wazwaan", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "serai", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "14 miles north-east of Maru or Petgam. The traveller cannot depend upon obtaining either coolies or supplies at this v" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ontaining six houses, situated on the right bank of the Farribadi stream, about 14 miles north-east of Maru or Pet" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "14 miles north-east of Maru or Petgam. The traveller cannot depend upon obtaining either coolies or supplies at this v" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "makah-ma", "historical_name": "MAKAHÁMA", "modern_name": "Makaháma", "pdf_page": 263, "pdf_viewer_page": 277, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Machiháma pargana, situated about 11 miles west of Srinagar, on the road leading towards the Tosha maidán pass. It is divided into two mahallas or districts, Bun Makaháma and Pet Makaháma, and is consequently sometimes called Hardu ('both') Makaháma. In Bun Makaháma, which lies to the east, there is a masjid and the ziárat of Reshi Sahib, and 15 houses inhabited by zemindars, a mūlla, and a dūm. In Pet Makaháma, situated on the right bank of the Suknág to the west, there are 50 families of zemindars, five shāl-bāfs, four Pandits, two bunnias, two mūllas, a carpenter, potter, blacksmith, and a baker. There is also a government store-house for grain in this part of the village, and the residence of the zillah officer. Makaháma is the head-quarters of a body of about 300 sepoys, of whom 30 or 40 are located in the village, and the remainder in the surrounding district. There is much rice cultivation about, and both coolies and supplies are obtainable.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.066667, "source_longitude": 74.633333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 4'. Long. 74° 38'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "akaháma, which lies to the east, there is a masjid and the ziárat of Reshi Sahib, and 15 houses inhabited by zeminda" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "n the road leading towards the Tosha maidán pass. It is divided into two mahallas or districts, Bun Makaháma and P" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "dūm. In Pet Makaháma, situated on the right bank of the Suknág to the west, there are 50 families of zemindars, fi" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ted about 11 miles west of Srinagar, on the road leading towards the Tosha maidán pass. It is divided into two mah" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "makam", "historical_name": "MAKAM", "modern_name": "Makam", "pdf_page": 263, "pdf_viewer_page": 277, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the Ningri stream, opposite Bun Kountra; it contains the ziárat of Fista Reshi Baba Sahib, and 8 or 10 houses. Rámzán, the zilladár of the Kruhin pargana, resides in this village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.133333, "source_longitude": 74.45, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 8'. Long. 74° 27'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Khanqah-e-Moulla", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "ream, opposite Bun Kountra; it contains the ziárat of Fista Reshi Baba Sahib, and 8 or 10 houses. Rámzán, the zillad" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "am. Village. A village situated on the left bank of the Ningri stream, opposite Bun Kountra; it contains the ziára" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "makam-2", "historical_name": "MAKAM", "modern_name": "Makam", "pdf_page": 263, "pdf_viewer_page": 277, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Kruhin pargana, situated about 4 miles south of Sopúr; it lies at the foot of a table-land just west of the path leading towards Kountra. It contains a masjid, and eight families of zemindars, a mūlla, a dūm, a carpenter, and a potter. The ziárat of Wuttur Baba Sahib is situated at the edge of the wudar just above the village. Fruit trees abound in the village, and there is much rice cultivation about it.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.216667, "source_longitude": 74.5, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 13'. Long. 74° 30'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Khanqah-e-Moulla", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "path leading towards Kountra. It contains a masjid, and eight families of zemindars, a mūlla, a dūm, a carpenter, an" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "t the foot of a table-land just west of the path leading towards Kountra. It contains a masjid, and eight families" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "makam-3", "historical_name": "MAKAM", "modern_name": "Makam", "pdf_page": 263, "pdf_viewer_page": 277, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The ziárat of Baba Abdúllah, a masjid, and a house, are all clustered together on the top of a small hill some little distance from the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, about 2 miles south-west of Lalla, in Lower Drawar. There are a few fruit trees in the place, and a solitary chunar, the first that is met with by the traveller descending the valley of the Kishen Ganga. The revenues from the surrounding fields are devoted to the support of the masjid and shrine.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.583333, "source_longitude": 73.95, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 35'. Long. 73° 57'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Shrine / sacred site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Khanqah-e-Moulla", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "religious_site", "serai", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "religious_site", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "admin_status: Shrine / sacred site" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "y chunar, the first that is met with by the traveller descending the valley of the Kishen Ganga. The revenues from the" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ll hill some little distance from the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, about 2 miles south-west of Lalla, in Lower" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "y chunar, the first that is met with by the traveller descending the valley of the Kishen Ganga. The revenues from the" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "makri", "historical_name": "MAKRI", "modern_name": "Makri", "pdf_page": 263, "pdf_viewer_page": 277, "latitude": 34.3923076, "longitude": 73.4776822, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=4422484038639016401&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 5: Historical Makri is on the left bank of the Kishenganga/Neelum about 2 miles north-east of Muzaffarabad on the Titwal path; existing Makri, Muzaffarabad candidate matches the local geography.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, about 2 miles north-east of Mozafarabad, on the path towards Titwal; it lies on the right bank of a torrent, and contains a masjid, and 10 houses inhabited by zemindars and a Syud. There are some rice fields about the village, and corn is also cultivated.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=4422484038639016401&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.383333, "source_longitude": 73.516667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 23'. Long. 73° 31'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJI3qv8c2f4DgR0dnpQ83RXz0", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 93, "features": [ "village", "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village situated on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "it contains a masjid" } ], "feature_notes": "Masjid is a mosque, a religious site in the village.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "malan", "historical_name": "MALAN", "modern_name": "Malan", "pdf_page": 264, "pdf_viewer_page": 278, "latitude": 33.3052179, "longitude": 74.6543087, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/33%C2%B018'10.4%22N+74%C2%B039'23.5%22E/@33.3052179,74.6543087,2267m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m4!3m3!8m2!3d33.30288!4d74.65652?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Malan, Himachal Pradesh 176047, India. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village in Siráz, a district of Kishtwár; it lies on the hill side between the middle and westernmost branches of the Lider Khol stream, on the path from Doda towards the Hinjan Dhar pass into the Peristán valley. The village is surrounded by cultivation, and contains five houses inhabited by Hindús. By the side of the path, just north of the village, there is a baoli of cold, clear water, shaded by cedar trees.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/33%C2%B018'10.4%22N+74%C2%B039'23.5%22E/@33.3052179,74.6543087,2267m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m4!3m3!8m2!3d33.30288!4d74.65652?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.283333, "source_longitude": 75.483333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 17'. Long. 75° 29'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJj_TP6_xMGzkRJ1OysW2cLNo", "finalized": false, "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "the path from Doda towards the Hinjan Dhar pass into the Peristán valley. The village is surrounded by cultivatio" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "and westernmost branches of the Lider Khol stream, on the path from Doda towards the Hinjan Dhar pass into the Peri" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "t branches of the Lider Khol stream, on the path from Doda towards the Hinjan Dhar pass into the Peristán valley." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "maligam", "historical_name": "MALIGAM", "modern_name": "Maligam", "pdf_page": 264, "pdf_viewer_page": 278, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Banihál district, situated on the steep hill-side some distance above the right bank of the Sanderi or Popal stream; it contains eight families of Mohamedans, of whom three are Gújars. This village lies near the foot of the Nandmarg pass leading into Kashmir; the most convenient encamping ground is about 2 miles to the east of the village, at the Gújar settlement of Basú or Borasú, near the commencement of the ascent; at this spot fuel and water are procurable, but supplies and coolies must be obtained from the village, or from Peristán.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.366667, "source_longitude": 75.35, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 22'. Long. 75° 21'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "PM Shri Higher Secondary School Maligam", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "serai", "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "s leading into Kashmir; the most convenient encamping ground is about 2 miles to the east of the village, at the Gújar settlem" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "village lies near the foot of the Nandmarg pass leading into Kashmir; the most convenient encamping ground is abo" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "eep hill-side some distance above the right bank of the Sanderi or Popal stream; it contains eight families of Moh" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "malikseri", "historical_name": "MALIKSERI", "modern_name": "Malikseri", "pdf_page": 264, "pdf_viewer_page": 278, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A scattered hamlet in Upper Drawar, situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga. There are one or two timber-built houses in the village, with pent roofs; the rest are flat-roofed huts. The inhabitants comprise six families of zemindars, a mulla, and a carpenter. A small stream from the hills flows down through the village; it is crossed by a kadal bridge.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.766667, "source_longitude": 74.183333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 46'. Long. 74° 11'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Malik Mohalla", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "mlet in Upper Drawar, situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga. There are one or two timber-built houses in" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "own through the village; it is crossed by a kadal bridge." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "malingam", "historical_name": "MALINGAM", "modern_name": "Malingam", "pdf_page": 264, "pdf_viewer_page": 278, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This village, which is called also Malikoi (koi meaning 'ground' in the Dard language), is situated on the Malin Nar stream, on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, towards the eastern end of the Tilail valley. It contains a masjid, and seven houses inhabited by zemindars.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.533333, "source_longitude": 75.2, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 32'. Long. 75° 12'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "ern end of the Tilail valley. It contains a masjid, and seven houses inhabited by zemindars." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ard language), is situated on the Malin Nar stream, on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, towards the eastern end o" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "malor", "historical_name": "MALOR", "modern_name": "Maloora", "pdf_page": 264, "pdf_viewer_page": 278, "latitude": 34.1198796, "longitude": 74.7399249, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=12291632990626173858&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Maloora, Srinagar 190017. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the Chandra Bhaga, almost opposite the junction of the Lider Khol. There are about 12 houses in the village, the inhabitants being principally Hindús.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=12291632990626173858&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": 75.516667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 38°. Long. 75° 31'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJO5bhXlWa4TgRotO-wxSnlKo", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ra. Village. A village situated on the left bank of the Chandra Bhaga, almost opposite the junction of the Lider K" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "maloti", "historical_name": "MALOTI", "modern_name": "Malot", "pdf_page": 264, "pdf_viewer_page": 278, "latitude": 32.9623762, "longitude": 74.1871149, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=4853892972559994133&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Malot. Score 72; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A considerable village in Badrawár, situated above the left bank of the Bin Kadi stream, about 8 miles south-west of Kullain; it contains about 24 houses; most of the inhabitants are Mohamedans.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=4853892972559994133&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.05, "source_longitude": 75.666667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 3'. Long. 75° 40'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJlaxOXJmyHzkRFQ00B_F9XEM", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 72, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "town", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "MALOTI. Malot. Village. A considerable village in Badrawár, situated above the left bank of the Bin Kadi stream," }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "illage in Badrawár, situated above the left bank of the Bin Kadi stream, about 8 miles south-west of Kullain; it c" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "malpura", "historical_name": "MALPURA", "modern_name": "Malpura", "pdf_page": 264, "pdf_viewer_page": 278, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Parospur pargana, situated at the edge of the morass near the left bank of the Suknág; it contains eight families of zemindars, two shál-báfs, and a dům.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.133333, "source_longitude": 74.666667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 8'. Long. 74° 40'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Malpura", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "rospur pargana, situated at the edge of the morass near the left bank of the Suknág; it contains eight families of z" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "malp-ra", "historical_name": "MALPŪRA", "modern_name": "Malpora", "pdf_page": 264, "pdf_viewer_page": 278, "latitude": 34.0930061, "longitude": 74.4734859, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malpora", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Malpora+193404/@34.0930061,74.4734859,1565m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e1a460d25b6885:0x3e158281f31b0dcd!8m2!3d34.0921084!4d74.4774741!16s%2Fg%2F1hhhp828w?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 manual candidate batch: Historical Malpúra/Malpura matches modern Malpora/Malpur in Baramulla district; the name is preserved closely in current references. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A village situated on the south-east side of the Uttar pargana. This village, with its neighbours, Gūnaporā and Krishpūra, make up the land called Naggar. At one time there was a large town here, which, for some reason, has been resolved into three villages. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Malpora+193404/@34.0930061,74.4734859,1565m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e1a460d25b6885:0x3e158281f31b0dcd!8m2!3d34.0921084!4d74.4774741!16s%2Fg%2F1hhhp828w?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 34.483333, "source_longitude": 74.3, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 29'. Long. 74° 18'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJhWhb0mCk4TgRzQ0b84GCFT4", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village situated on the south-east side of the Uttar pargana" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "This village, with its neighbours, Gūnaporā and Krishpūra, make up the land called Naggar" } ], "feature_notes": "Village, formerly part of a larger town split into three villages.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "malp-ra-2", "historical_name": "MALPŪRA", "modern_name": "Malpora", "pdf_page": 264, "pdf_viewer_page": 278, "latitude": 34.0921084, "longitude": 74.4774741, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=4473625299503484365&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Malpora 193404. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village in the Birwa pargana, situated on a sloping spur about a mile east of Kāj; it is inhabited by seven families of zemindars, and a Pir Zada.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=4473625299503484365&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": 74.6, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34°. Long. 74° 36'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJhWhb0mCk4TgRzQ0b84GCFT4", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "bited by seven families of zemindars, and a Pir Zada." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "malshab-gh", "historical_name": "MALSHABĀGH", "modern_name": "Malshahi Bagh", "pdf_page": 265, "pdf_viewer_page": 279, "latitude": 34.2115213, "longitude": 74.7914171, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=12690834643142891532&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Malshahi Bagh 190006. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village situated at the south-west extremity of the range of mountains forming the southern boundary of the Sind valley, about 7 miles north of Srinagar, on the Drās road. Below the village the remains of a beach may be traced in masses of shingle, on the side of the hill. (Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=12690834643142891532&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.216667, "source_longitude": 74.833333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 13'. Long. 74° 50. Elev", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ-bB0aDuD4TgRDNjAd97mHrA", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "garden", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "MALSHABĀGH. Malshahi Bagh. Village. A village situated at the south-west extremity of the r" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "situated at the south-west extremity of the range of mountains forming the southern boundary of the Sind valley, ab" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "s forming the southern boundary of the Sind valley, about 7 miles north of Srinagar, on the Drās road. Below the vil" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "bout 7 miles north of Srinagar, on the Drās road. Below the village the remains of a beach may be traced in masses" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "ar, on the Drās road. Below the village the remains of a beach may be traced in masses of shingle, on the side of the" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "malwas", "historical_name": "MALWAS", "modern_name": "Malwas", "pdf_page": 265, "pdf_viewer_page": 279, "latitude": 33.1924577, "longitude": 75.4315594, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=11646649755488241130&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 4: Historical Malwas is above the right bank of the Chenab about 3 miles west of Doda; existing Malwas candidate west of Doda on the Chenab-side hill tract retained.", "blurb": "A village situated on the mountain side, above the right bank of the Chandra Bhāgā, about 3 miles west of Doda; it contains eight houses inhabited by Mohamedan zemindars.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=11646649755488241130&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.15, "source_longitude": 75.55, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 9'. Long. 75° 33'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJNaFp2la5HTkR6kVE-z42oaE", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 93, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village situated on the mountain side" } ], "feature_notes": "Features classified by LLM from the gazetteer entry context.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "manas-bal", "historical_name": "MANAS BAL", "modern_name": "Manasbal", "pdf_page": 265, "pdf_viewer_page": 279, "latitude": 34.2561418, "longitude": 74.6762691, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manasbal_Lake", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=3313589320686591531&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 2: Historical Manas Bal is the lake north-west of Srinagar with outflow toward the Jhelum; modern Manasbal Lake is the same feature. Wikipedia link added.", "blurb": "A lake in the valley of Kashmīr, situated about 12 miles north-west of Srinagar, in the same direction as the Wular lake; it lies on the north side of the Jhelam, with which it is connected by a canal which opens into the river, at a small village, about a quarter of a mile below Súmbal. This canal is about a mile long from its mouth to its junction with the lake; it is about 20 yards wide, and varies in depth according to the height of the river; about 100 yards from the Jhelam it is crossed by an old stone bridge of a single arch, which is 18 feet wide and very convex. The Manas Bal lake is oblong in shape, and its direction is almost east and west. Its length is 2 miles, and breadth seven-tenths of a mile. It is the deepest of all the lakes in Kashmīr, being in some parts upwards of 40 feet. In Hindū legends it is represented as unfathomable, and it is related that one holy man spent several years in making a line long enough to reach the bottom, but at length, despairing of success, he threw himself into the lake and never rose again. The water, which is clear, soft, and of a deep green colour, is chiefly derived from internal springs; when the water is low, many of these may be seen around the margin of the lake, and some of them are like miniature fountains ejecting small columns of sand. Water plants abound in the shallower parts, particularly the white and red lotus, which begin to flower early in July, and some of them are exceedingly fine, the leaves being 24 inches in diameter, and some of the petioles 12 feet long. The view from the entrance of the lake is very beautiful; on the north there is an elevated table-land composed chiefly of kunkur, and below it, and near the edge of the water, is the small village of Manasbal. Above and beyond are the ruins of the Badshah Bāgh, consisting of an old palace which was never finished, and a garden built by the emperor Jehangīr for his wife, the lovely Nūrmuhal; beyond these again is the small village of Bagwanpūr, whence supplies may be obtained. On the south there is a low range of hills extending from the lofty mountains on the north-east; the conical peak called the Aha Tung is 6,290 feet high, and is visible from many distant parts of the valley. Beyond it, at the foot of the range and upon the margin of the lake, is the large village of Kándabal, which contains a great many lime-kilns. To the east there is a range of very high mountains, which are mostly bare and rugged; at the foot of them, and beyond Kándabal, there is a fine cataract formed by the stream called Amrawatti, falling over the white and steep limestone cliff into the lake below. A few feet from this fall, and standing in the water, there is a small Hindū ruin, whose four sides are each about 6½ feet wide; it has a pyramidal roof, which is about 12 feet above the bed of the lake, and there is an opening on the south side, which has the usual trefoil archway. A bank of fossil limestone commences near it, and is continued along the foot of the mountains towards the Wular lake, and above it the limestone strata, which rest against the boundary mountain, are raised and twisted into every variety of curve. At the east end of the lake there is a fine grove of chunnars, and other eligible spots for encamping; behind the grove there is a stream of very cold water, which is conveyed from the Sind river, and near it is an orchard belonging to a fakir, which produces most excellent fruit. (Moorcroft—Hügel—Vigne—Montgomerie—Hervey—Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=3313589320686591531&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.25, "source_longitude": 74.733333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 15'. Long. 74° 44'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJpw0_y-V14TgRK14NV-47_C0", "finalized": false, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 97, "features": [ "village", "fort", "garden", "pass", "river_or_lake", "spring", "bridge_or_ferry", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "s of the Badshah Bāgh, consisting of an old palace which was never finished, and a garden built by the emperor Jehan" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "old palace which was never finished, and a garden built by the emperor Jehangīr for his wife, the lovely Nūrmuhal;" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ay be obtained. On the south there is a low range of hills extending from the lofty mountains on the north-east; th" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "MANAS BAL. Manasbal. Village. A lake in the valley of Kashmīr, situated about 12 miles north-west of S" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "en colour, is chiefly derived from internal springs; when the water is low, many of these may be seen around the marg" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "manawas", "historical_name": "MANAWAS", "modern_name": "Manawa", "pdf_page": 266, "pdf_viewer_page": 280, "latitude": 33.0997527, "longitude": 75.6368111, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13032954034899988388&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Manawa 182221. Score 72; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small village in Siráz, a district of Kishtwár, lying above the right bank of the Lider Khol stream; it contains three houses inhabited by Hindús.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13032954034899988388&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.216667, "source_longitude": 75.5, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 13'. Long. 75° 30'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJwQnXftuoHTkRpC81qKRa3rQ", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 72, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "district of Kishtwár, lying above the right bank of the Lider Khol stream; it contains three houses inhabited by H" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "manchattar", "historical_name": "MANCHATTAR", "modern_name": "Manchattar", "pdf_page": 266, "pdf_viewer_page": 280, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Lower Drawar, situated on a flat strip of land on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, just above an island in the bed of the river; it contains two families of Pir Zadas and one of Gújars. Up the valley of the Rasowa stream, which flows into the Kishen Ganga, on the north side of the village, there is said to be a masjid and a ziarat, and a shepherd's path leading into Kashmir.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.6, "source_longitude": 73.966667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 36'. Long. 73° 58'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Manchatter", "no_match_score": 36, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "d of the river; it contains two families of Pir Zadas and one of Gújars. Up the valley of the Rasowa stream, whic" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ituated on a flat strip of land on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, just above an island in the bed of the river" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "be a masjid and a ziarat, and a shepherd's path leading into Kashmir." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mand", "historical_name": "MAND", "modern_name": "Mand", "pdf_page": 266, "pdf_viewer_page": 280, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in Jamú; it lies just west of the road between Dansál and Krimchi. It contains about 20 mud-built houses, and is surrounded with cultivation.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.9, "source_longitude": 75.05, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 54'. Long 75° 3'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "l village in Jamú; it lies just west of the road between Dansál and Krimchi. It contains about 20 mud-built houses" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mandal", "historical_name": "MANDAL", "modern_name": "Mandal", "pdf_page": 266, "pdf_viewer_page": 280, "latitude": 32.6721014, "longitude": 74.7473827, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2399518866279279700&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Mandal 180003. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, about 1½ miles north-east of Mozafarábád; it is situated on the left bank of the Pakote stream opposite the village of Draw, on which account it is frequently called Mandal-Draw. A kadal bridge crosses the narrow rocky bed of the stream between the two villages. The population of Mandal comprises six families of Mahommedan zemindars of the Serari clan, four Kashmiris, a carpenter, a washerman, and a weaver. There is abundance of space for encamping on the terraced fields which descend from the village to the level of the stream. The village of Bhúnja, in Khágán, may, it is said, be reached from Mandal in two stages, by a path lying up the valley of the Pakote stream.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2399518866279279700&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.45, "source_longitude": 73.616667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 27'. Long. 73° 37'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ_-JJkSmQHjkRVKxsGLLNTCE", "finalized": false, "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "l. Village. A village situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, about 1½ miles north-east of Mozafarábád; it" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "ount it is frequently called Mandal-Draw. A kadal bridge crosses the narrow rocky bed of the stream between the two" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "be reached from Mandal in two stages, by a path lying up the valley of the Pakote stream." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mandai", "historical_name": "MANDAI", "modern_name": "Mandai", "pdf_page": 266, "pdf_viewer_page": 280, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in Kishtwár, containing three houses, situated on the left bank of the Lider Khol stream, just north-west of Bagú.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.2, "source_longitude": 75.516667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 12'. Long. 75° 31'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ntaining three houses, situated on the left bank of the Lider Khol stream, just north-west of Bagú." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mandal-2", "historical_name": "MANDAL", "modern_name": "Mandal", "pdf_page": 266, "pdf_viewer_page": 280, "latitude": 32.6721014, "longitude": 74.7473827, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2399518866279279700&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Mandal 180003. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "There is only one house in this place, which lies above the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, about a mile north-east of Náraseri, on the path between Mozafarábad and Titwal.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2399518866279279700&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.433333, "source_longitude": 73.583333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 26'. Long. 73° 35'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ_-JJkSmQHjkRVKxsGLLNTCE", "finalized": false, "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "se in this place, which lies above the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, about a mile north-east of Náraseri, on the" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "about a mile north-east of Náraseri, on the path between Mozafarábad and Titwal." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mandi", "historical_name": "MANDI", "modern_name": "Mandi", "pdf_page": 266, "pdf_viewer_page": 280, "latitude": 33.7959772, "longitude": 74.25388, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandi,_Poonch", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8738268291402541200&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 3: Historical Mandi is the substantial village/small town north-east of Poonch in the same district; modern Mandi, Poonch is the present-day equivalent. Wikipedia link added.", "blurb": "A very considerable village or small town in a narrow valley enclosed by steep and grassy hills of no great elevation, situated in a district of the same name, just south of the confluence of the Gagrin and Dali Nar streams, about 12 miles north-east of Púnch by a good and level path. The village stands for the most part on a level strip of ground on the left bank of the river, which is crossed by a kadal bridge at its southern extremity; on the right bank is situated a summer residence of the Rajah of Púnch, the thana, and other government buildings. There are some few trees about the place, but no cultivation, the inhabitants being entirely engaged in the trade between Púnch and Kashmír, principally in ghí, puttús, and blankets, which are exchanged for prints, salt, and other commodities. There is here a custom-house and establishment, and a garrison of 15 sepoys. There are about 80 houses in all in the village, including 15 shops in the bázár, one of which is kept by a Hindú. Among the inhabitants are two butchers, a dyer, a leather-worker, and a potter. With one or two exceptions, the inhabitants belong exclusively to the Shíah sect of Mohamedans. Coolies may be obtained here, and supplies are plentiful; in addition to the waters of the river there is a spring in the village called the Hyl Baoli. Space being somewhat confined, and shade deficient, travellers frequently make their camp at the neighbouring village of Rajpúr, about a mile further up the river.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8738268291402541200&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.8, "source_longitude": 74.3, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 48'. Long. 74° 18'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "The paragraph is visibly incomplete and continues onto the next page.", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJbdID6gLL4TgRkKgbtbaQRHk", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 96, "features": [ "town", "bridge_or_ferry", "spring", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "A very considerable village or small town" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "the river, which is crossed by a kadal bridge at its southern extremity" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "there is a spring in the village called the Hyl Baoli" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "left bank of the river" } ], "feature_notes": "The kadal bridge within the town area qualifies as bridge_or_ferry.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mandipura", "historical_name": "MANDIPURA", "modern_name": "Mandipura", "pdf_page": 267, "pdf_viewer_page": 281, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village situated on high ground in the centre of the Shahabad valley, above the left bank of the Sándran river, opposite Dúr or Shahabad, from which it is separated by the broad bed of the stream.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.566667, "source_longitude": 75.25, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 34'.\tLong. 75° 15'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Bandipore", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "n high ground in the centre of the Shahabad valley, above the left bank of the Sándran river, opposite Dúr or Shahab" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mandrkar", "historical_name": "MANDRKAR", "modern_name": "Mandrkar", "pdf_page": 267, "pdf_viewer_page": 281, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in Upper Drawar, containing three houses, situated amid beautiful scenery, on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga; it lies on the left bank of a small stream, which is crossed by a kadal bridge. The fields of this village join those of Dásút to the north-east.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.75, "source_longitude": 74.183333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 45'.\tLong. 74° 11'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "tuated amid beautiful scenery, on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga; it lies on the left bank of a small stream," }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "nk of a small stream, which is crossed by a kadal bridge. The fields of this village join those of Dásút to the nor" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "manganpura", "historical_name": "MANGANPURA", "modern_name": "Manganpura", "pdf_page": 267, "pdf_viewer_page": 281, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the Khuiháma pargana, situated on the northern shore of the Wular lake; it lies on the road from Bundipúr to Sopúr. (Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.416667, "source_longitude": 74.633333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 25'.\tLong. 74° 38'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "situated on the northern shore of the Wular lake; it lies on the road from Bundipúr to Sopúr. (Ince.)" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ern shore of the Wular lake; it lies on the road from Bundipúr to Sopúr. (Ince.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "manganwar", "historical_name": "MANGANWAR", "modern_name": "Manganwar", "pdf_page": 267, "pdf_viewer_page": 281, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A peak in the range between the north-west end of the Zainagir pargana and the Loláb valley. There is grazing ground on the surrounding hills for 5 or 600 sheep, for six months, but more than that number go there annually for a shorter period. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.433333, "source_longitude": 74.416667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 26'.\tLong. 74° 25'.\tElev. 8,728 feet.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Mangleshwar Mahadev", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": ". Manganwar. Gazetteer entry. A peak in the range between the north-west end of the Zainagir pargana and the Loláb" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "t end of the Zainagir pargana and the Loláb valley. There is grazing ground on the surrounding hills for 5 or 600 sh" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mangar", "historical_name": "MANGAR", "modern_name": "Mangar", "pdf_page": 267, "pdf_viewer_page": 281, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the Basoli district, situated on the slopes of the mountain to the north of Áso, above the left bank of the Siowa river.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.733333, "source_longitude": 75.866667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 44'.\tLong. 75° 52'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "The LaLiT Grand Palace Srinagar", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ountain to the north of Áso, above the left bank of the Siowa river." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mangil", "historical_name": "MANGIL", "modern_name": "Mangil", "pdf_page": 267, "pdf_viewer_page": 281, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village lying at the mouth of a little valley opening into the Maru Wardwan, about 3 miles north of Inshih; it is situated on the right bank of a torrent of the same name, which is crossed by a kadal bridge. The houses, five in number, are roughly built of timber, and have pent shingle roofs. The road to Inshin lies along the left bank of the Maru Wardwan river; it is quite level, but wet and soppy when the snows are melting. A path follows the course of the Mangil stream leading into the Zajnai valley; it is described as being rough and steep, but preferable to that from Afith by the Kuzzuz stream. Sangam, a pasturage in the Zajnai valley, is said to be distant 6 kos from Mangil by this path.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.85, "source_longitude": 75.583333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 51'.\tLong. 75° 35'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "e. A village lying at the mouth of a little valley opening into the Maru Wardwan, about 3 miles north of Inshih; it" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "ent of the same name, which is crossed by a kadal bridge. The houses, five in number, are roughly built of timber," }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "of timber, and have pent shingle roofs. The road to Inshin lies along the left bank of the Maru Wardwan river; it" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mangnar", "historical_name": "MANGNAR", "modern_name": "Mangnar", "pdf_page": 267, "pdf_viewer_page": 281, "latitude": 33.676769, "longitude": 74.1181234, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=17478998956536251947&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 3: Historical Mangnar is near Poonch/Haveli on the Suran river slopes; existing Mangnar candidate in the Poonch-Haveli area retained.", "blurb": "A village in the Haveli pargana, near Púneh; it is situated on the slopes of the hill above the left bank of the Súrán river, nearly opposite the junction of the Bitahr. There are about 40 houses in the village, with a mixed population of Hindús and Mohamedans. Both rice and dry crops are produced.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=17478998956536251947&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.75, "source_longitude": 74.116667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 45'.\tLong. 74° 7'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJbd4OXIUx4DgRK0bEefHgkfI", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 93, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in the Haveli pargana" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "There are about 40 houses in the village" } ], "feature_notes": "Features classified by LLM from the gazetteer entry context.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "manjotah", "historical_name": "MANJOTAH", "modern_name": "Manjotah", "pdf_page": 268, "pdf_viewer_page": 282, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated some distance above the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, on the path between Kailgran and Bahgran; it lies in a narrow valley which is drained by a small stream. The houses, some 30 in number, are scattered throughout this valley. The inhabitants are Gūjārs.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.416667, "source_longitude": 73.733333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 25'. Long. 73° 44'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "lage situated some distance above the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, on the path between Kailgran and Bahgran; it" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, on the path between Kailgran and Bahgran; it lies in a narrow valley which is" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mankam", "historical_name": "MANKAM", "modern_name": "Mankam", "pdf_page": 268, "pdf_viewer_page": 282, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Kishtwār containing seven houses inhabited by Hindūs; it lies about 6 miles north-west of Doda, on the path leading up the valley of the Líder Khol, towards the Brari Bal pass.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.166667, "source_longitude": 75.533333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 10'. Long. 75° 32'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kaman Post", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ey of the Líder Khol, towards the Brari Bal pass." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "th-west of Doda, on the path leading up the valley of the Líder Khol, towards the Brari Bal pass." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "es about 6 miles north-west of Doda, on the path leading up the valley of the Líder Khol, towards the Brari Bal pa" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mankot", "historical_name": "MANKOT", "modern_name": "Mankote", "pdf_page": 268, "pdf_viewer_page": 282, "latitude": 33.5950261, "longitude": 74.0975678, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=4691954484029116854&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Mankote. Score 72; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village and fort in the province of Pūnch, situated on the right bank of the Mendel stream, on the direct path between Pūnch and Kotli.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=4691954484029116854&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.133333, "source_longitude": 74.1, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 8'. Long. 74° 6'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJYST2xPIu4DgRtlHbgr4rHUE", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 72, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "fort", "village" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "A village and fort in the province of Pūnch" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village and fort" } ], "feature_notes": "Fort is central historic site with village physically at the same location.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mansar", "historical_name": "MANSAR", "modern_name": "Mansar", "pdf_page": 268, "pdf_viewer_page": 282, "latitude": 32.6965559, "longitude": 75.1443226, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansar_Lake", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Mansar+Lake/@32.6965559,75.1443226,1590m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m14!1m7!3m6!1s0x391c2531267debdd:0xd621d49222d3ae66!2sMansar+Lake!8m2!3d32.6965559!4d75.1443226!16s%2Fm%2F05p9j2t!3m5!1s0x391c2531d3ba6d4f:0xaa43a3e651491f58!8m2!3d32.6968437!4d75.1458515!16s%2Fg%2F11l_blz35m?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMi4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 3: Historical Mansar is the sacred lake east of Jammu; modern Mansar Lake is the same feature. Wikipedia link added.", "blurb": "A small but very pretty lake, in the province of Jamū, situated about 17 miles east of the city; it lies amid low hills, and is about a mile in length, and not quite half a mile in width; it is said to be very deep. This lake is considered a very holy place, and Hindūs come from afar to pay their vows and perform their ablutions in its waters. There is a village of the same name a little to the north-west. Mansa is probably an abbreviation of Manāsa, the mind-born, and Sarovara, or Sara, a lake, i.e., the lake produced by the mind or will of Brahma the creator. (Vigne.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Mansar+Lake/@32.6965559,75.1443226,1590m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m14!1m7!3m6!1s0x391c2531267debdd:0xd621d49222d3ae66!2sMansar+Lake!8m2!3d32.6965559!4d75.1443226!16s%2Fm%2F05p9j2t!3m5!1s0x391c2531d3ba6d4f:0xaa43a3e651491f58!8m2!3d32.6968437!4d75.1458515!16s%2Fg%2F11l_blz35m?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMi4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 32.7, "source_longitude": 75.183333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 42'. Long. 75° 11'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJd1xxXbvTHTkRFlcYtoKh0bE", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 97, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "village", "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "A small but very pretty lake" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "There is a village of the same name a little to the north-west" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "This lake is considered a very holy place" } ], "feature_notes": "The lake itself is religious_site, and the village is separate physically; primary is lake.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "manzami", "historical_name": "MANZAMI", "modern_name": "Manzami", "pdf_page": 268, "pdf_viewer_page": 282, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Kishtwār, situated above the left bank of the Lider Khol, about 7 miles north of Bangū, on the path towards the Brari Bal pass; it is supplied with water from one or two streams which flow down from the mountains. The inhabitants number five families of Gūjārs, three Kashmīris, and a Hindū. The houses are scattered among the fields, which extend for a considerable distance. A small temple dedicated to Piparran, the tutelary deity of the neighbouring mountain, occupies a prominent position just above the path. Below the village, the Líder Khol is crossed by a kadal bridge.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.266667, "source_longitude": 75.516667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 16'. Long. 75° 31'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "extend for a considerable distance. A small temple dedicated to Piparran, the tutelary deity of the neighbouring mou" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "of Bangū, on the path towards the Brari Bal pass; it is supplied with water from one or two streams which flow dow" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "illage in Kishtwār, situated above the left bank of the Lider Khol, about 7 miles north of Bangū, on the path towa" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "the village, the Líder Khol is crossed by a kadal bridge." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "Khol, about 7 miles north of Bangū, on the path towards the Brari Bal pass; it is supplied with water from one or" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mapan-n-bad", "historical_name": "MAPANŪNĀBAD", "modern_name": "Mapanūnābad", "pdf_page": 268, "pdf_viewer_page": 282, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A government store-house and dāk post, situated on the right bank of the Būrzil stream, about 19 miles north-east of the Gūrais fort, on the high road towards Skardo. It is said that foot passengers and coolies lightly laden can reach the Shingo valley from this place by way of the Nagay stream, but no regular road exists. This place is said to derive its name from a Rajah Mapanūn of Skardo, who planted a village here, which has entirely disappeared.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.766667, "source_longitude": 75.066667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 46'. Long. 75° 4'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kashmir", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "fort", "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "om a Rajah Mapanūn of Skardo, who planted a village here, which has entirely disappeared." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "e-house and dāk post, situated on the right bank of the Būrzil stream, about 19 miles north-east of the Gūrais for" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "miles north-east of the Gūrais fort, on the high road towards Skardo. It is said that foot passengers and coolies light" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "marbal", "historical_name": "MARBAL", "modern_name": "Marbal", "pdf_page": 268, "pdf_viewer_page": 282, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A pass between the south-eastern extremity of the Kashmīr valley and the province of Kishtwār; it is open for about the same time as the Pir Panjāl pass, and is practicable for horses; but the last 2 miles on either side are rather steep and difficult. The summit of the pass is about 34 miles south-east of Islamabad, and 40 miles north-west of the town of Kishtwār. When Shah Shujā, ex-amir of Kābul, was a fugitive at the court of Rajah Tegh Singh, of Kishtwār, he, with the assistance, of the Rajah, collected 3,000 or 4,000 men and attempted the invasion of Kashmīr; the Rajah forced the Marbal pass, and penetrated as far as the Tansan bridge, where he attacked the advanced force of the Kashmīr army, obtaining some success; but notwithstanding this, on hearing that Azīm Khān, the Pathán governor, was pushing towards him at the head of his troops, Shah Shuja abandoned the enterprise, and beat a hasty retreat, alleging, as the reason for his retrograde movement, a fall of snow on the mountains. (Vigne—Hervey.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.5, "source_longitude": 75.533333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 30'. Long. 75° 32'. Elev. 11,550 feet.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kashmir Marble Engraving Point", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "town", "religious_site", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "; it is open for about the same time as the Pir Panjāl pass, and is practicable for horses; but the last 2 miles" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "MARBAL. Marbal. Town. A pass between the south-eastern extremity of the Kashmīr valley and the" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the south-eastern extremity of the Kashmīr valley and the province of Kishtwār; it is open for about the same time" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "l pass, and penetrated as far as the Tansan bridge, where he attacked the advanced force of the Kashmīr army, obtain" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "anding this, on hearing that Azīm Khān, the Pathán governor, was pushing towards him at the head of his troops, Sh" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "margan", "historical_name": "MARGAN", "modern_name": "Margan", "pdf_page": 269, "pdf_viewer_page": 283, "latitude": 33.74944444, "longitude": 75.48805556, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margan_Top", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=12960589182541942504&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 5: Historical Margan/Ikpatran pass connects the Nowbug/Kashmir side with Maru-Wardwan; modern Margan Top/Margan Pass is the same pass complex. Wikipedia link added.", "blurb": "The Margan or Ikpatran pass lies at the northern extremity of the Nowbûg strath, and is crossed by a path leading into the Maru Wardwan valley. The summit is situated about 10 miles north-east of Nowbûg, and a like distance south-west of Inshin, in Maru Wardwan. The pass, when free from snow, may be traversed on horseback for the whole distance, excepting in a few difficult places. The first part of the ascent from Nowbûg is through an alpine forest, above which it finally rises; on the summit the path lies on a flat of 2 or 3 miles in length, and three quarters of a mile in width, covered with grass, but above the limit of forest, and bounded on each side by mountain peaks regularly disposed, and rising many hundred feet above it. A view of the noblest description is obtained from the commencement of the descent on either side. The lesser hills and spurs from the Pansál are seen as mole-hills on the plains of Kashmir; the villages are scarcely distinguishable; and the valley itself, from no point of view, appears more deeply sunk in the surrounding mountains; and the Pansál range, 50 miles distant, circling from one side of the horizon to the other, is no where seen rise around with more grand and mural effect. On the east side, towards Thibet, the prospect is entirely of mountain tops rising like the waves of a vast ocean, without a single object that presents the idea of a level spot of ground. The two very remarkable peaks of Kún Nún, or Ser and Mer, rise very conspicuously above the others in the distance; they appear to have been originally one and afterwards divided. One is covered with snow; the other is dark, being so steep and scarped that the snow will not lie upon it. On the other side of the row of peaks that bound the north side of the ascent of the pass, there is a fine tank about 100 yards square, fed by a spring from which a stream descends towards the Bring river. Vigne calls this pass Na-bûg-nyh, from the valley lying on its south side. (Vigne—Hervey.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=12960589182541942504&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.733333, "source_longitude": 75.533333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 44'. Long. 75° 32'. Elev. 11,600 feet.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJySNrkNxw4jgR6M4ugTFD3bM", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 96, "features": [ "pass", "forest", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "The Margan or Ikpatran pass lies at the northern extremity" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "The first part of the ascent from Nowbûg is through an alpine forest" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "There is a fine tank about 100 yards square, fed by a spring" } ], "feature_notes": "Tank and spring belong to the pass area; feature is pass.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "margund", "historical_name": "MARGUND", "modern_name": "Mar Gund", "pdf_page": 269, "pdf_viewer_page": 283, "latitude": 34.254404, "longitude": 74.9270014, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=14014423698311780256&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 2: Historical Margund/Mar Gund is a village in Lar/Kangan above the Sind river; modern Margund is documented as a village in Kangan, Ganderbal. Existing candidate retained.", "blurb": "A small village in the Lár pargana, lying to the north of the path, above the right bank of the Sind river. (Aligood.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=14014423698311780256&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.25, "source_longitude": 74.966667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 15'. Long. 74° 58'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJp_zwXzaA4TgRoJewHRo8fcI", "finalized": false, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 93, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "g to the north of the path, above the right bank of the Sind river. (Aligood.)" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "the Lár pargana, lying to the north of the path, above the right bank of the Sind river. (Aligood.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "marinag", "historical_name": "MARINAG", "modern_name": "Marinag", "pdf_page": 269, "pdf_viewer_page": 283, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a point in the ridge to the north-west of the Lóláb valley. There is a path along the ridge from the direction of the Shárit valley; that part lying to the east of Marinág is fair, to the west it becomes very bad on account of the slate rocks. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.65, "source_longitude": 74.25, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 39'. Long. 74° 15'. Elevation of survey station 11,823 feet.", "admin_status": "Lake / spring / water site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Hotel Marina by Stay Pattern", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "pass", "spring", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: Lake / spring / water site" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ng / water site. The name of a point in the ridge to the north-west of the Lóláb valley. There is a path along the" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "MARINAG. Marinag. Lake / spring / water site. The name of a point in the ridge to the north-west" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "north-west of the Lóláb valley. There is a path along the ridge from the direction of the Shárit valley; that par" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mar-sar", "historical_name": "MAR SAR", "modern_name": "Marsar Lake", "pdf_page": 269, "pdf_viewer_page": 283, "latitude": 34.1446827, "longitude": 75.109293, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsar_Lake", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=17641492592059068352&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-04 candidate batch: Historical Mar Sar is a mountain lake south of the Kashmir/Sind watershed; modern Marsar Lake preserves the name and alpine-lake setting. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A lake situated on the south side of the range of lofty mountains forming the water-shed between Kashmir and the Sind valley. This sheet of water is about a mile long, by half or three quarters of a mile broad, shaped like the segment of a circle, the chord resting at the base of the spur to the south. It is covered with a coating of congealed snow until very late in the season. On the south-west side the mountains tower in perpendicular shelves of rock from the water's edge; to the north they are rocky, but less precipitous, and to the north-west rounded and of inferior elevation. This lake is the source of the Arrah river, which flows from its south-east corner, an inconsiderable stream, but soon increases in volume. There are two paths from the Trál valley leading to the Mar Sar lake, one by the village of Narastán, the other by Zostán—the former is to be preferred; there is also said to be a good path from the lake to the Dachinpára parganas by way of Lidarwat.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=17641492592059068352&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.15, "source_longitude": 75.15, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 9'. Long. 75° 9'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJA80KpZ8v4jgRwK9dOQss0_Q", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 72, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "e. A lake situated on the south side of the range of lofty mountains forming the water-shed between Kashmir and the" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "MAR SAR. Marsar Lake. Village. A lake situated on the south side of the r" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "preferred; there is also said to be a good path from the lake to the Dachinpára parganas by way of Lidarwat." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "martund", "historical_name": "MARTUND", "modern_name": "Martand Sun Temple", "pdf_page": 270, "pdf_viewer_page": 284, "latitude": 33.74556, "longitude": 75.22028, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martand_Sun_Temple", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Ancient+Martand+Surya+Temple/@33.74556,75.22028,786m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e21029a5f074a5:0xe2b002f95f1a2b27!8m2!3d33.7456427!4d75.2204533!16s%2Fm%2F0j9ms29?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research: source describes the ruins of Martund/Pandu-Koru; mapped to Martand Sun Temple. Coordinates from Wikipedia; review before marking final.", "blurb": "The ruins of the Hindú temple of Martund, or, as it is commonly called, the Pandu-Koru or the house of the Pandus and Korus, the cyclopes of the east, are situated on the highest part of a karywah, where it commences to rise to its junction with the mountains about 3 miles east of Islamabad. Occupying undoubtedly the finest position in Kashmír, this noble ruin is the most striking in size and situation of all the existing remains of Kashmír grandeur. The temple itself is not now more than 40 feet in height, but its solid walls and bold outlines towering over the fluted pillars of the surrounding colonnade, give it a most imposing appearance.\n\nThere are no petty confused details; but all are distinct and massive, and most admirably suited to the general character of the building. Many vain speculations have been hazarded regarding the date of the erection of this the \"house of the Pandus\" by the Brahmins, and by the people \"Martund\" or \"the sun,\" to which the temple was dedicated. The true date of the erection of this temple, the wonder of Kashmír, is a disputed point of chronology; but the period of its foundation can be determined within the limits of one century, or between A.D. 370 and 500.\n\nThe mass of building now known by the name of Martund, consists of one lofty central edifice, with a small detached wing on each side of the entrance, the whole standing on a large quadrangle, surrounded by a colonnade of fluted pillars with intervening trefoil-headed recesses. The length of the outer side of the wall, which is blank, is about 90 yards; that of the front is about 56. There are in all 84 columns, a singularly appropriate number in a temple of the sun, if, as is supposed, the number 84 is accounted sacred by the Hindús in consequence of its being the multiple of the number of days in the week with the number of signs in the zodiac.\n\nThe colonnade is recorded in the Rája Tarangini as the work of the famous king, Lálitáditya, who reigned from A.D. 693 to 729. From the same authority we gather, though the interpretation of the verses is considerably disputed, that the temple itself was built by Ranáditi, and the side chapels, or at least one of them, by his queen, Amrita-prabhá. The date of Ranáditi's reign is involved in some obscurity, but it may safely be conjectured that he died in the first half of the fifth century after Christ. The remains of three gateways opening into the court are now standing. The principal of these fronts due west toward Islamabad.\n\nIt is also rectangular in its details, and built with enormous blocks of limestone, 6 or 8 feet in length, and one of 9, and of proportionate solidity, cemented with an excellent mortar. The central building is 63 feet in length by 36 in width, and, alone, of all the temples of Kashmír, possesses, in addition to the cella or sanctuary, a choir and nave, termed in sanskrit the antarala and ardha-mandapa: the nave is 18 feet square. The sanctuary alone is left entirely bare, the two other compartments, being lined with rich panelling and sculptured niches.\n\nAs the main building is at present entirely uncovered, the original form of the roof can only be determined by a reference to other temples, and to the general form and character of the various parts of the Martund temple itself. It has been conjectured that the roof was of pyramidial form, and that the entrance chamber and wings were similarly covered. There would thus have been four distinct pyramids, of which that over the inner-chamber must have been the loftiest, the height of its pinnacle above the ground being about 75 feet. The interior must have been as imposing as the exterior.\n\nOn ascending the flight of steps now covered by ruins, the votary of the sun entered a highly decorated chamber, with a doorway of each side covered by a pediment, with a trefoil-headed niche containing a bust of the Hindu triad, and on the flanks of the main entrance, as well as on those of the side doorways, were pointed and trefoil niches, each of which held a statue of a Hindu divinity. The interior decorations of the roof can only be conjecturally determined, as there do not appear to be any ornamented stones that could with certainty be assigned to it.\n\nBaron Hügel doubts that Martund ever had a roof; but as the walls of the temple are still standing, the numerous heaps of large stones that are scattered about on all sides can only have belonged to the roof.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Ancient+Martand+Surya+Temple/@33.74556,75.22028,786m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e21029a5f074a5:0xe2b002f95f1a2b27!8m2!3d33.7456427!4d75.2204533!16s%2Fm%2F0j9ms29?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.75, "source_longitude": 75.266667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 45'. Long. 75° 16'. Elev. 5,817 feet.", "admin_status": "Shrine / sacred site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "The ruins of the Hindú temple of Martund" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "the temple itself" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "interior must have been as imposing as the exterior" } ], "feature_notes": "Ruins of a temple that is also a religious site; classified as ruin.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "maru-petgam", "historical_name": "MARU PETGAM", "modern_name": "Maru Petgam", "pdf_page": 272, "pdf_viewer_page": 286, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This village is situated towards the south end of the Maru Wardwan valley, in a comparatively open country; it is composed of a few log-huts inhabited by peasants, who gain a living by farming and tending cattle. Maru contains a custom house. From this village, there is a path to Súrú and Zanskar, through the defile to the eastward, which is traversed by the Farráhádi stream. Vigne was informed that by following this road he would arrive at a hot sulphureous spring on the second day's journey. (Vigne.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.666667, "source_longitude": 75.766667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 40'. Long. 75° 46'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "spring", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "d towards the south end of the Maru Wardwan valley, in a comparatively open country; it is composed of a few log-hut" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "s road he would arrive at a hot sulphureous spring on the second day's journey. (Vigne.)" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "custom house. From this village, there is a path to Súrú and Zanskar, through the defile to the eastward, which is" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "maru-wardwan", "historical_name": "MARU WARDWAN", "modern_name": "Maru Wardwan", "pdf_page": 272, "pdf_viewer_page": 286, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a long and narrow valley lying to the south-east of Kashmir, from which it is separated by a lofty range of mountains; its direction is nearly north and south, its length being about 40 miles, and its average breadth not more than a quarter of a mile, that part lying between Maru and Wardwan being merely a narrow defile, whose sides are very steep, and covered with a jungle, chiefly of fir trees. It is bounded by high and rugged mountains, which almost entirely exclude the sun from its lower portions. The river which intersects it is a considerable stream which swells to a mighty torrent during the melting of the snows. It rises at the northern extremity of the valley, on the borders of Súrú, and flows south until it joins the Chandra Bhága just above Kishtwár, receiving in its course several tributaries from the numerous minor valleys or nais which open on each side of it.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Warwan Valley", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "pass" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "hmir, from which it is separated by a lofty range of mountains; its direction is nearly north and south, its length" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "marwar", "historical_name": "MARWAR", "modern_name": "Marwar", "pdf_page": 273, "pdf_viewer_page": 287, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A river which rises on the east side of the Tutmari Galli, on the range of hills lying between the Karnao valley and Kashmir; it flows in an easterly direction through the parganas of Hamal and Maehhipura, joining the Pohru, about 5 miles north-west of Sopur. Balaogund is the ordinary point to which large boats can ascend the stream; but when the river is full, or after much rain, they go as far as Tohru. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.366667, "source_longitude": 74.383333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 22'. Long. 74° 23'.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "pass" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "which rises on the east side of the Tutmari Galli, on the range of hills lying between the Karnao valley and Kashmi" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "maspura", "historical_name": "MASPURA", "modern_name": "Maspura", "pdf_page": 273, "pdf_viewer_page": 287, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated in a valley amid the hills, about five miles north-west of Slupian, on the path towards Chrir.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.766667, "source_longitude": 74.816667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 46'. Long. 74° 49'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": ". Maspura. Village. A village situated in a valley amid the hills, about five miles north-west of Slupian, on the pa" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ut five miles north-west of Slupian, on the path towards Chrir." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "massabowan", "historical_name": "MASSABOWAN.", "modern_name": "Massabowan.", "pdf_page": 274, "pdf_viewer_page": 288, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village situated at the south-east end of the Uttar pargana. In the Maharajah’s records it is noted as forming part of Jagerpúr, which adjoins it. (Montgomerie).", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.45, "source_longitude": 74.316667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 27'. Long. 74° 19'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "matcher", "historical_name": "MATCHER.", "modern_name": "Matcher.", "pdf_page": 274, "pdf_viewer_page": 288, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "On the left bank of the Kamil, towards the western end of the Uttar pargana; no such village now exists.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.466667, "source_longitude": 74.083333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 28'. Long. 74° 5'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "MATCHER.. Matcher.. Village. On the left bank of the Kamil, towards the western end of the Uttar pargana; no su" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "matelli", "historical_name": "MATELLI.", "modern_name": "Matelli.", "pdf_page": 274, "pdf_viewer_page": 288, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Kotli district, situated above the left bank of the Púnch Toi, about 8 miles north of Kotli, just above the path to Púnch. It contains about 25 houses, and is inhabited by Mohamedans.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.6, "source_longitude": 73.983333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 36'. Long. 73° 59'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Matelli", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the Kotli district, situated above the left bank of the Púnch Toi, about 8 miles north of Kotli, just above the pa" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "bout 8 miles north of Kotli, just above the path to Púnch. It contains about 25 houses, and is inhabited by Mohame" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "matsil", "historical_name": "MATSIL.", "modern_name": "Matsil.", "pdf_page": 274, "pdf_viewer_page": 288, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village lying in the mountainous district between the north end of the Kashmir valley and the Kishen Ganga; it is situated in a narrow valley at the confluence of the Dúdi stream, which flows from the east, with the Poshwarra from the south-east. The united waters form the Matsil, a considerable stream which empties itself into the Kishen Ganga, lat. 34° 48', long. 74° 27'. As it approaches the Kishen Ganga, the banks of this stream are said to become very precipitous and cannot be traversed. The village of Matsil was founded some years ago by the present lambardar, who migrated from the village of Satti in Gúrais. The population now numbers eight families of Mohamedan zemindars, four fakirs, two Pir Zadas, a shepherd, and a barber. Most of the houses are built in a line on the right bank of the Dúdi stream, which is shallow and fordable, and is also crossed by a kaial bridge. To the south of the village the mountains are clothed with forest; those to the north are covered with grass, with here and there a few pine trees. In the valley to the south of the village there is a somewhat spacious marg or plain watered by the Poshwarra stream. The village lies in the midst of an extensive grazing country, which during summer is visited by large numbers of Gújars and shepherds. The lofty ranges of mountains are intersected by numerous well watered valleys affording pasture to herds of cattle, while upon the hill tops the shepherds find ample grazing grounds for their flocks of sheep. The summer population of this district comes mostly from the Loláb valley, to which there is an excellent path by the village of Korras, which lies on the Schart stream, about 15 miles south-west of Matsil. There is said to be a more direct path to a village called Korham, but it is described as being very rough. Matsil in the Dard language means 'a fish,' and the name is said to have been given to the district on account of the abundance of fish that used to be found in its streams before the valleys became so much frequented. In by-gone times the Matsil district suffered from frequent incursions of the Chilásis, for which reason its rich pasturages were but little visited; it now forms part of Gúrais. Neither coolies nor supplies can be depended upon. The most part of such little cultivation as does exist lies to the east of the village, above the right bank of Dúdi stream. When the crops are in the ground, it is difficult to find a vacant space for encamping; a narrow strip of ground by the bank of the Dúdi stream is the most eligible situation.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.666667, "source_longitude": 74.483333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 40'. Long. 74° 29'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Slater Matsil, LLP", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "es of Mohamedan zemindars, four fakirs, two Pir Zadas, a shepherd, and a barber. Most of the houses are built in" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "strict between the north end of the Kashmir valley and the Kishen Ganga; it is situated in a narrow valley at the co" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "nk of the Dúdi stream, which is shallow and fordable, and is also crossed by a kaial bridge. To the south of the villa" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "oláb valley, to which there is an excellent path by the village of Korras, which lies on the Schart stream, about" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mattan", "historical_name": "MATTAN.", "modern_name": "Mattan", "pdf_page": 274, "pdf_viewer_page": 288, "latitude": 33.760419, "longitude": 75.2100078, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2608109847318064299&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Mattan 192125. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A pargana in the Anantnág zillah of the Míráj division; it comprises the district lying to the north and east of Islamabad. The tehsil station is at the village of Mattan or Bawan.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2608109847318064299&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJO3Haok4O4jgRq2yXeBbeMSQ", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "the village of Mattan or Bawan" } ], "feature_notes": "Features classified by LLM from the gazetteer entry context.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mazakoi", "historical_name": "MAZAKOI", "modern_name": "Mazakoi", "pdf_page": 275, "pdf_viewer_page": 289, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Tilail valley, containing four houses, situated on a bluff above the left bank of the Kishen Gunga. There is a rope suspension-bridge across the river between Mazakoi and the village of Jurnial, to the north-west.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.566667, "source_longitude": 75.05, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 34. Long. 75° 3'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Chakosi Makosi", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": ". Mazakoi. Village. A village in the Tilail valley, containing four houses, situated on a bluff above the left bank" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "e left bank of the Kishen Gunga. There is a rope suspension-bridge across the river between Mazakoi and the village of Jurnia" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "meira", "historical_name": "MEIRA", "modern_name": "Meira", "pdf_page": 275, "pdf_viewer_page": 289, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the Chikar district, lying 13 miles north-east of the Kohála bridge, on the old road from Muri towards Baramúla; it is prettily situated on rising ground, surrounded by cultivated fields, which are arranged in terraces. There is a travellers' bungalow in the village, and supplies are procurable. (Allgood.—Knight.—Lace.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.133333, "source_longitude": 73.65, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 8. Long. 73° 39. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "serai", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "which are arranged in terraces. There is a travellers' bungalow in the village, and supplies are procurable. (Allgood.—" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "ct, lying 13 miles north-east of the Kohála bridge, on the old road from Muri towards Baramúla; it is prettily situa" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "north-east of the Kohála bridge, on the old road from Muri towards Baramúla; it is prettily situated on rising gro" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mendola-or-mundoi", "historical_name": "MENDOLA or MUNDOI", "modern_name": "Mendola Or Mundoi", "pdf_page": 275, "pdf_viewer_page": 289, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Púnch, which gives its name to a pargana; it is situated on the right bank of the Púnch Toi river, about 13 miles south-west of Púnch. It has a mixed population of Hindús and Mohamedans, inhabiting about 100 houses, which are scattered for a long distance by the bank of the river. Towards the southern end of the village the river is crossed by a ferry. The interesting ruin of a Hiadí temple, situated on the bank of the river, nearly opposite the ferry, is called in the neighbourhood Dehra; it is of similar construction to the ruined temples in the valley of Kashmir.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.683333, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 41', Long. 74°. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "by a ferry. The interesting ruin of a Hiadí temple, situated on the bank of the river, nearly opposite the ferry, is" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "e to a pargana; it is situated on the right bank of the Púnch Toi river, about 13 miles south-west of Púnch. It ha" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "nd of the village the river is crossed by a ferry. The interesting ruin of a Hiadí temple, situated on the bank of" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "iver is crossed by a ferry. The interesting ruin of a Hiadí temple, situated on the bank of the river, nearly oppo" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mendola", "historical_name": "MENDOLA", "modern_name": "Mendola", "pdf_page": 275, "pdf_viewer_page": 289, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Púnch, in the Haveli pargana, situated on the slopes of the hill above the left bank of the Púnch Toi. It numbers about 30 houses inhabited by Mohamedan zemindars.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.716667, "source_longitude": 74.016667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 43', Long. 74° 1'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ed on the slopes of the hill above the left bank of the Púnch Toi. It numbers about 30 houses inhabited by Mohamed" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mera", "historical_name": "MERA", "modern_name": "Mera", "pdf_page": 275, "pdf_viewer_page": 289, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, a few miles south-east of Mozafarabad, on the road to Baramúla; it is remarkable only for its huge cypress trees and its acacias. (Hügel.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.333333, "source_longitude": 73.55, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 20. Long. 73° 33. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "a. Village. A village situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, a few miles south-east of Mozafarabad, on the road" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "few miles south-east of Mozafarabad, on the road to Baramúla; it is remarkable only for its huge cypress trees and" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "merabagh", "historical_name": "MERABAGH", "modern_name": "Merabagh", "pdf_page": 275, "pdf_viewer_page": 289, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "An extensive garden with a Hindú temple and a baoli, situated about two miles south-west of Krimchi, by the side of the path towards Dansál.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.95, "source_longitude": 75.133333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 57. Long. 75° 8. Elev.", "admin_status": "Shrine / sacred site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Bait ul Meras", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "religious_site", "garden", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "religious_site", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "admin_status: Shrine / sacred site" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "erabagh. Shrine / sacred site. An extensive garden with a Hindú temple and a baoli, situated about two miles south-w" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "s south-west of Krimchi, by the side of the path towards Dansál." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "meragund", "historical_name": "MERAGUND", "modern_name": "Meragund", "pdf_page": 275, "pdf_viewer_page": 289, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the Suknág, to the south of the road between Srinagar and Patan. The stream may be forded when the waters are low. Meragúnd contains a masjid and 25 houses; all the inhabitants are Mohamedans of the Shiah sect. Rice is extensively cultivated about the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.133333, "source_longitude": 74.7, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 8. Long. 74° 42'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Mirgund", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "hen the waters are low. Meragúnd contains a masjid and 25 houses; all the inhabitants are Mohamedans of the Shiah se" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "nd. Village. A village situated on the left bank of the Suknág, to the south of the road between Srinagar and Pata" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "eft bank of the Suknág, to the south of the road between Srinagar and Patan. The stream may be forded when the wat" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mer-ra", "historical_name": "MERÁRA", "modern_name": "Merára", "pdf_page": 275, "pdf_viewer_page": 289, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "Merára is considered to form part of Ronda, situated on the hill side above it; it lies on the right bank of the Nerú river, about 6 miles north-west of Badrawár. There are 10 houses in the two villages, of which Merára contains but one; all the inhabitants are Hindús.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.033333, "source_longitude": 75.7, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 2'. Long. 75° 42'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "he hill side above it; it lies on the right bank of the Nerú river, about 6 miles north-west of Badrawár. There ar" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "metmu", "historical_name": "METMU", "modern_name": "Metmu", "pdf_page": 275, "pdf_viewer_page": 289, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the Kuthir pargana, containing three houses inhabited by zemindars; it is situated on the streams flowing from the Sangam valley.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.733333, "source_longitude": 75.55, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 44'. Long. 75° 33'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ated on the streams flowing from the Sangam valley." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "metsii", "historical_name": "METSII", "modern_name": "Metsii", "pdf_page": 275, "pdf_viewer_page": 289, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A hill in the range between the Kuthár and Kaurpara parganas; it is crossed by an excellent road between the villages of Gowran and Brar, which is practicable for horsemen and laden cattle; neither the ascent nor descent are described as being at all steep. From Gowran the path lies by the Gujar village of Val and Pa Paharan; it then crosses the Shakuki canal by a kanal bridge to the village of Brar; the whole distance is said to be 5 kos.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.783333, "source_longitude": 75.366667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 47'. Long. 75° 22'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "METSII. Metsii. Village. A hill in the range between the Kuthár and Kaurpara parganas; it is crossed by an exc" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "and Pa Paharan; it then crosses the Shakuki canal by a kanal bridge to the village of Brar; the whole distance is s" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "t then crosses the Shakuki canal by a kanal bridge to the village of Brar; the whole distance is said to be 5 kos." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ara parganas; it is crossed by an excellent road between the villages of Gowran and Brar, which is practicable for" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mingram", "historical_name": "MINGRAM", "modern_name": "Mingram", "pdf_page": 276, "pdf_viewer_page": 290, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village situated in a valley some distance above the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, about a mile east of Palla. The village extends for a considerable distance along the path, and is well supplied with water from a stream; the principal houses are clustered in a line on the east side of the valley. Both rice and corn are cultivated, and there are many shady trees about the place; at the Mingram-ka-takia, by the banks of the stream at the north end of the village, there is a grove of fruit trees, and a single chunar. Mingram contains a masjid, and about 42 houses, which are mostly inhabited by Mohamedan zemindars of the Serari clan; there are also six families of weavers, a potter, and two oil-sellers.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.45, "source_longitude": 73.65, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 27'. Long. 73° 39'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "es, and a single chunar. Mingram contains a masjid, and about 42 houses, which are mostly inhabited by Mohamedan zem" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ram. Village. A large village situated in a valley some distance above the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, about a m" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "tends for a considerable distance along the path, and is well supplied with water from a stream; the principal hou" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mir", "historical_name": "MIR", "modern_name": "Mir", "pdf_page": 276, "pdf_viewer_page": 290, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Janú district, which forms the stage between Krimchi and Landra, on the high road between Jamú and Kashmír; it consists of a few houses, which are widely scattered on the hill side. Good water is procurable from a small torrent, but it is doubtful whether either coolies or supplies are to be obtained without previous arrangement. There is a small eclosure by the side of the path for the accommodation of the Maharajah and his family when travelling.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.066667, "source_longitude": 75.166667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 4'. Long. 75° 10'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "GRAND MIR INTERNATIONAL", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "side. Good water is procurable from a small torrent, but it is doubtful whether either coolies or supplies are to be" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "llage in the Janú district, which forms the stage between Krimchi and Landra, on the high road between Jamú and Kas" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mir-2", "historical_name": "MIR", "modern_name": "Mir", "pdf_page": 276, "pdf_viewer_page": 290, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated about 2 miles south of Trál, on the path towards Súrsú; it is divided into Bun Mir and Pet Mir, and contains in its upper and lower divisions about 16 houses. The ziarát of Khwajah Abdúl Rahím, on the high land to the east of the village, forms a conspicuous object in the landscape.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.9, "source_longitude": 75.133333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 54'. Long. 75° 8'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "GRAND MIR INTERNATIONAL", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ituated about 2 miles south of Trál, on the path towards Súrsú; it is divided into Bun Mir and Pet Mir, and contai" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "miraj-or-mir-z", "historical_name": "MIRAJ or MIRÁZ", "modern_name": "Miraj Or Miráz", "pdf_page": 276, "pdf_viewer_page": 290, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of one of the two great divisions of Kashmír; it comprises three zillahs, which are partitioned into 25 parganas, viz. It has been conjectured that Mirāj is derived from Maya Rāj, the territory of Maya or Lakshmi, the mother of Kama, the god of love, and the wife of Vishnu. (Eliudie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "Entry continues onto the next page after list of parganas on this page.", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "Defaulted to village because no explicit feature evidence was found." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mireg", "historical_name": "MIREG", "modern_name": "Mireg", "pdf_page": 277, "pdf_viewer_page": 291, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Maru Wardwan valley, situated on the left bank of the river, about 2 miles north of Basman. It is said to contain about 20 houses; among the inhabitants are a mulla and a blacksmith. This village is now noted for the very excellent potatoes it produces, which are sold at the rate of six seers for a rupee. They are said to have been introduced two or three years ago, a traveller making the villagers a present of two or three, and instructing them in their cultivation.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.916667, "source_longitude": 75.566667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 55'. Long. 75° 34'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Hotel Mirage", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "serai", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "e been introduced two or three years ago, a traveller making the villagers a present of two or three, and instructing t" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "reg. Village. A village in the Maru Wardwan valley, situated on the left bank of the river, about 2 miles north of B" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "e been introduced two or three years ago, a traveller making the villagers a present of two or three, and instructing t" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mirkania", "historical_name": "MIRKANIA", "modern_name": "Mirkania", "pdf_page": 277, "pdf_viewer_page": 291, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "There is only one house in this place, situated in a narrow gorge drained by a small torrent, about 4 miles north-east of Mozafarabad, on the path towards Titwal.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.416667, "source_longitude": 73.533333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 25'. Long. 73° 32'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "tuated in a narrow gorge drained by a small torrent, about 4 miles north-east of Mozafarabad, on the path towards Tit" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "t 4 miles north-east of Mozafarabad, on the path towards Titwal." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mirp-r", "historical_name": "MIRPŪR", "modern_name": "Mirpūr", "pdf_page": 277, "pdf_viewer_page": 291, "latitude": 33.1858811, "longitude": 73.7717263, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirpur,_Azad_Kashmir", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Old+Hindu+Temple/@33.1858811,73.7717263,1614m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x391fe9ffc0ab5b45:0x269eb10489b7c745!8m2!3d33.1846625!4d73.7778281!16s%2Fg%2F11qbchcfbf?authuser=2&entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A town of considerable importance in Naoshera; it lies on the left bank of a broad water-course or khud, in an arid plain, which is everywhere intersected with deep ravines and water channels. As there are numerous wells in the town itself and in the immediate vicinity, the green fields and trees by which they are surrounded form a pleasing contrast to the parched appearance of the neighbourhood. Mirpūr is distant about 22 miles north of the cantonment of the Jhelam, 10 miles south of Chowmuk, and about 39 miles south of Kotli by the direct path, and 46 by way of Sensar; the latter part of the direct route is very rough, and unfit for laden cattle.\n\nThe town stretches from east to west, occupying the high ground between the bed of the stream, which flows by the north, and a smaller water-course, which lies along its south face; both these channels are usually dry, except during the rainy season. The streets are comparatively wide; those, however, leading down to the bed of the stream to the north are very steep, some being paved with stone steps. The houses are well built, and, with few exceptions, are of brick, plastered.\n\nThere is a tehsíl and a kotwálí, also a baradari; this latter building is situated just outside the town to the east, and has a tank and some few trees near it; it is usually occupied as a government office, but may be made use of by travellers on application to the proper authorities. To the south of the town is a fort; it does not appear to be of any strength, and is now appropriated as a debtor’s prison. There are numerous Hindú temples in the town, of which the most famous is called the Rognath Sami; it was built by order of the Maharajah, and is situated on the bank of the river bed to the north of the town; there are also 10 masjids and 5 ziárats.\n\nThere are said to be 2,000 Hindús in Mirpúr, including a few Sikhs, who have a temple near the baradari, and 600 Mohammedans, including 200 Kashmíris. In the Hindú portion of the town there are 300 shops, 25 goldsmiths, 12 washermen, 12 barbers, 12 potters, 10 carpenters, 2 blacksmiths, a mahájan, and a Brahmin. In the Mohammedan portion, 10 goldsmiths, 10 carpenters, 13 blacksmiths, 30 coolies, and 25 horse and cattle-keepers, 12 washermen, 10 dyers, 10 butchers, 15 sweepers, 25 potters, 35 chowkeydars, 1 tinman, and 6 musicians. Among the principal inhabitants is Sirdar Utter Sing, a pensioner of the British Government.\n\nThe town is supplied with water from 5 tanks and 30 wells; there is also a small spring called the Buggutwalláh Baoli. Though not noted for its manufactures, Mirpúr carries on a considerable trade between the Panjáb and neighbouring hills. From its elevation and position the climate must assimilate to that of the Panjáb. The surrounding country is bare and sparsely cultivated, the ground sloping up gradually to both north and south; on the north side of the town, on the other bank of the water-course, are numerous wells surrounded by gardens and fields, whose cultivation gives employment to some 200 gardeners, who are stated to live for the most part in Mirpúr.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Old+Hindu+Temple/@33.1858811,73.7717263,1614m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x391fe9ffc0ab5b45:0x269eb10489b7c745!8m2!3d33.1846625!4d73.7778281!16s%2Fg%2F11qbchcfbf?authuser=2&entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.183333, "source_longitude": 73.816667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 11'. Long. 73° 49'. Elev. 1,236 feet.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "town", "fort", "religious_site", "garden", "spring", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "A town of considerable importance" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "To the south of the town is a fort" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "There are numerous Hindú temples in the town" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "10 masjids and 5 ziárats" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "wells surrounded by gardens and fields" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "a small spring called the Buggutwalláh Baoli" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "lies on the left bank of a broad water-course" } ], "feature_notes": "Features classified by LLM from the gazetteer entry context.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mirpur", "historical_name": "MIRPUR", "modern_name": "Mirpur", "pdf_page": 278, "pdf_viewer_page": 292, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the valley of the Kishen Ganga; it is situated on the left bank of the river, almost opposite to but little north of Baran, and is separated from the village of Púrni to the south by a small stream called the Narbaji; a path leading across the mountains to the Karnao Fort lies up the bed of this stream. Below the village are the remains of a bridge across the Kishen Ganga, which has been carried away. A few pine trees are scattered about, rice and dry crops are grown, the field is being disposed in two ledges above the river bank. There are about 20 houses in the village, including a Gujar, a blacksmith, 3 of the Bolloch caste, and 15 of the Kukki caste of Hazára descent. There is a masjid in the village, and the Takia of Kallander Shah.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.45, "source_longitude": 73.866667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 27'. Long. 73° 52'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "New Mirpur City", "no_match_score": 52, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "fort", "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "MIRPUR. Mirpur. Fort / historic site. A village in the valley of the Kishen Ganga; it is situated on the left ban" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "e Kukki caste of Hazára descent. There is a masjid in the village, and the Takia of Kallander Shah." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "pur. Fort / historic site. A village in the valley of the Kishen Ganga; it is situated on the left bank of the river" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "eam. Below the village are the remains of a bridge across the Kishen Ganga, which has been carried away. A few pine" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "uth by a small stream called the Narbaji; a path leading across the mountains to the Karnao Fort lies up the bed o" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mishwar", "historical_name": "MISHWAR", "modern_name": "Mishwar", "pdf_page": 278, "pdf_viewer_page": 292, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village lying in a little valley amid low hills on the north side of the path between Shupian and Chrar. There is much cultivation about the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.766667, "source_longitude": 74.833333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 46'. Long. 74° 50'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Village. A small village lying in a little valley amid low hills on the north side of the path between Shupian and" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ley amid low hills on the north side of the path between Shupian and Chrar. There is much cultivation about the vi" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mogalmaid-n", "historical_name": "MOGALMAIDÁN", "modern_name": "Mogalmaidán", "pdf_page": 278, "pdf_viewer_page": 292, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village situated about 16 miles north-west of Kishtwár on the road towards Kashmír by the Marbal pass. It consists of a few houses lying on a plain less than one hundred yards long above the left bank of the stream.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.7, "source_longitude": 75.7, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 42'. Long. 75° 42'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "r on the road towards Kashmír by the Marbal pass. It consists of a few houses lying on a plain less than one hundr" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "than one hundred yards long above the left bank of the stream." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "bout 16 miles north-west of Kishtwár on the road towards Kashmír by the Marbal pass. It consists of a few houses l" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mogalp-r", "historical_name": "MOGALPŪR", "modern_name": "Mogalpūr", "pdf_page": 279, "pdf_viewer_page": 293, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Bangil pargana, situated in a little valley on the south-east side of the Hasŭtlak wudar, or table-land, on the left bank of the bed of a torrent which dries in summer. There are two divisions in the village, which contains altogether eight houses inhabited by zemindars; there is also a masjid and the ziarat of Syud Kamal Sahib. The village is supplied with water from a spring. Dry crops are cultivated on the table land above the village, and rice in the plains below.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.133333, "source_longitude": 74.483333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 8'. Long. 74° 29'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "ses inhabited by zemindars; there is also a masjid and the ziarat of Syud Kamal Sahib. The village is supplied with" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "in the Bangil pargana, situated in a little valley on the south-east side of the Hasŭtlak wudar, or table-land, on t" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": ". The village is supplied with water from a spring. Dry crops are cultivated on the table land above the village, an" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mogalp-r-2", "historical_name": "MOGALPŪR", "modern_name": "Mogalpūr", "pdf_page": 279, "pdf_viewer_page": 293, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This village, which is sometimes called Dragnulla, is situated in the Uttar pargana, just south of the junction of the Kamil and Lahlwal rivers. The distance from Mogalpūr to Lalpūr, in the Loláb valley, is two marches, though on an emergency it may be made in one. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.516667, "source_longitude": 74.283333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 31'. Long. 74° 17.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kashmir gulmarg", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "tance from Mogalpūr to Lalpūr, in the Loláb valley, is two marches, though on an emergency it may be made in one. (M" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mohu-or-mowa", "historical_name": "MOHU or MOWA", "modern_name": "Mohu Or Mowa", "pdf_page": 279, "pdf_viewer_page": 293, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a pass over the Pānsāl range, between the south end of the valley of Kashmir and the Banihal district. It is used entirely by coolies, as the Banihāl pass being so close and easier, all laden ponies go by that route; but ponies can, and in a few instances do, traverse this pass. There is a road which branches off from the village of Mohu, on the south side of the pass; it crosses the Danik Marg range, and passing through the village of Krowa, joins the Banihāl road a little above the village of Deogal. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.483333, "source_longitude": 75.116667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 29'. Long. 75° 7'. Elev. 10,790 feet.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "MOWA. Mohu Or Mowa. Village. The name of a pass over the Pānsāl range, between the south end of the valley of Kas" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Pānsāl range, between the south end of the valley of Kashmir and the Banihal district. It is used entirely by cooli" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ose and easier, all laden ponies go by that route; but ponies can, and in a few instances do, traverse this pass. T" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mohunpur", "historical_name": "MOHUNPUR", "modern_name": "Mohan Pur", "pdf_page": 279, "pdf_viewer_page": 293, "latitude": 32.4844958, "longitude": 74.7307807, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=7510834213397001381&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Mohan Pur 181131. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village in the Bangil pargana, situated on the right bank of the bed of a stream which almost dries in summer. It includes Baba Khpūra, which lies close to it, and contains the ziarats of Syud Hashim and Abdu’l Hassan, a masjid, and about 11 houses inhabited by zemindārs. There is a small garden in the village, and much rice cultivation around it.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=7510834213397001381&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.133333, "source_longitude": 74.516667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 8'. Long. 74° 31'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJE0GKW5y9HjkRpfRgSOzXO2g", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "garden", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "ziarats of Syud Hashim and Abdu’l Hassan, a masjid, and about 11 houses inhabited by zemindārs. There is a small gar" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "es inhabited by zemindārs. There is a small garden in the village, and much rice cultivation around it." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "n the Bangil pargana, situated on the right bank of the bed of a stream which almost dries in summer. It includes" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mohunp-r", "historical_name": "MOHUNPŪRĀ", "modern_name": "Mohunpūrā", "pdf_page": 279, "pdf_viewer_page": 293, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Ardwin pargana, of which it is the tehsil station.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.683333, "source_longitude": 75.016667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 41'. Long. 75° 1'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "town" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "e in the Ardwin pargana, of which it is the tehsil station." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "monaiyan", "historical_name": "MONAIYAN", "modern_name": "Monaiyan", "pdf_page": 279, "pdf_viewer_page": 293, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This village is said to contain about seven houses. It is situated in the Drawar district a few miles south-east of Karen, on the path towards the Kashmir valley.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.633333, "source_longitude": 74.016667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 38'. Long. 74° 1'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "t of Karen, on the path towards the Kashmir valley." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ict a few miles south-east of Karen, on the path towards the Kashmir valley." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "monda", "historical_name": "MONDA", "modern_name": "Monda", "pdf_page": 279, "pdf_viewer_page": 293, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the Nerū river, at the confluence of the Haūni stream, a few miles south of Badrawār. It contains 16 houses, of which 12 are inhabited by Hindūs and 4 by Mohamedans. The village stands on high ground; below it the Haūni stream is crossed by a kadal bridge. From the neighbourhood of this village a channel conveys water into the town of Badrawār.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.95, "source_longitude": 75.766667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 57'. Long. 75° 46'.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "town", "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "MONDA. Monda. Town. A village situated on the left bank of the Nerū river, at the confluence of" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Monda. Town. A village situated on the left bank of the Nerū river, at the confluence of the Haūni stream, a few m" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "; below it the Haūni stream is crossed by a kadal bridge. From the neighbourhood of this village a channel conveys" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mondol", "historical_name": "MONDOL", "modern_name": "Mondol", "pdf_page": 279, "pdf_viewer_page": 293, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the right bank of the Chandra Bhāga, just west of the junction of the Líder Khol. It contains about 10 houses inhabited by Hindūs.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.15, "source_longitude": 75.533333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 9'. Long. 75° 32'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "l. Village. A village situated on the right bank of the Chandra Bhāga, just west of the junction of the Líder Khol" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "montig-nd", "historical_name": "MONTIGŪND", "modern_name": "Montigūnd", "pdf_page": 279, "pdf_viewer_page": 293, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the Shahabad valley, lying in a hollow shaded by clumps of trees. It is situated about 2 miles west of Dūr or Shāhabad.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.566667, "source_longitude": 75.233333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 34'. Long. 75° 14'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Mountain Kashmir", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "d. Village. A small village in the Shahabad valley, lying in a hollow shaded by clumps of trees. It is situated abou" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "moradpur", "historical_name": "MORADPUR", "modern_name": "Muradpur", "pdf_page": 280, "pdf_viewer_page": 294, "latitude": 33.3236381, "longitude": 74.2875823, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Marad+Pur+185131/@33.3236381,74.2875823,6316m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m15!1m8!3m7!1s0x30acd883de5d7c91:0xf7af0db5aecdf45b!2sMuradpur,+Chattogram,+Bangladesh!3b1!8m2!3d22.3659729!4d91.8287858!16s%2Fg%2F1tpb8dxr!3m5!1s0x391e3192e9525aff:0xba5d46d6cb4e58d0!8m2!3d33.3236447!4d74.326551!16s%2Fg%2F12hkb8b34?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Muradpur, Sialkot, Pakistan. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village in the province of Naoshera, on the right bank of the Tawi, about 5 miles south of Rajauri. It was one of the resting-places on the ancient road by which the emperors of Delhi went from Lahore to Kashmir, and under the Moghul rule was a place of some note, but the serai is now a very unpicturesque ruin; its narrow rooms are converted into stables, and a fine clump of trees is all that remains of the garden. (Hügel.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Marad+Pur+185131/@33.3236381,74.2875823,6316m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m15!1m8!3m7!1s0x30acd883de5d7c91:0xf7af0db5aecdf45b!2sMuradpur,+Chattogram,+Bangladesh!3b1!8m2!3d22.3659729!4d91.8287858!16s%2Fg%2F1tpb8dxr!3m5!1s0x391e3192e9525aff:0xba5d46d6cb4e58d0!8m2!3d33.3236447!4d74.326551!16s%2Fg%2F12hkb8b34?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.333333, "source_longitude": 74.366667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 20'. Long. 74° 22'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Serai / rest house", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJV9CT7NXrHjkRNzutWjBA4eg", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "serai", "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "garden" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in the province of Naoshera" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "the serai is now a very unpicturesque ruin" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "the serai is now a very unpicturesque ruin" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "a fine clump of trees is all that remains of the garden" } ], "feature_notes": "The serai is ruined inside the village.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "morse-khol", "historical_name": "MORSE KHOL", "modern_name": "Morse Khol", "pdf_page": 280, "pdf_viewer_page": 294, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a stream which flows into the Maru Wardwan river, lat. 34° 1', long. 75° 43', near the north-east extremity of the valley. The path from Maru Wardwan to Sürü by the Kwaj Kúr Pansál pass lies up the bed of this stream.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "pass", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "h from Maru Wardwan to Sürü by the Kwaj Kúr Pansál pass lies up the bed of this stream." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "the north-east extremity of the valley. The path from Maru Wardwan to Sürü by the Kwaj Kúr Pansál pass lies up the" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mozafarabad", "historical_name": "MOZAFARABAD", "modern_name": "Mozafarabad", "pdf_page": 280, "pdf_viewer_page": 294, "latitude": 34.3618285, "longitude": 73.4395846, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzaffarabad", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Muzaffarabad/@34.3618285,73.4395846,12479m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38de207ace636f0b:0xf6f838eb0bb2d5eb!8m2!3d34.3570846!4d73.4779504!16zL20vMDQ3cTMy?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "An important town lying about 42 miles north-east of Abbottabad, and 114 miles north-west of Srinagar, by way of Baramúla; Kashmir may also be reached by paths traversing the Karnao valley. The town is situated in an open valley at the end of the range of mountains forming the water-shed between the Kishen Ganga and Jhelam, on the left bank of the former river, and about 1½ miles north of their junction. The mountains, which are almost bare of trees, descend into the river in a succession of sloping plateaux; the town stands on the second of these slopes, about 200 feet above the level of the river, towards the southern end of a tongue of land formed by a lap of the stream.\n\nAt Mozafarabad the waters of the Kishen Ganga have lost something of the murky hue peculiar to them, but they are still far from clear. The river is about 60 yards wide; the banks are steep and rocky, and strewn with large boulders. The current is very swift, but the natives are accustomed to cross on mashks at the bend of the river to the south of the town. There was formerly, at the narrowest point, a wooden bridge, which was torn away in a moment by a heavy flood which occurred in A.D. 1823, while Hari Singh Nalwa was endeavouring to get possession of the town for Ranjit Singh. This bridge was a subject of much interest in the war of 1803, between Mukhtyar-ud-Dúláh and Abdullah Khán.\n\nIt has not been rebuilt, but its place is supplied by a rope suspension-bridge of the jhóla kind, which is situated to the north of the town, about half a mile above the fort. At this spot, where the water is smooth and the current comparatively moderate, a ferry boat plies, except during the months of January and February, when the boatmen state that the river falls so low that the passage is interrupted. Baron Hügel mentions a second ferry as crossing the river below the town, exactly opposite the kila, where the country is rather flat, but adds that it is seldom used.\n\nAt the ferry and bridge a small toll is levied; the charge varies from an anna downwards, according to the presumed means of the traveller. Mozafarabad contains a thana and tehsil, which, with the residence of the hakim or governor, are all situated on the south side of the town, which extends in a northerly direction, and consists for the most part of a long street of shops.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Muzaffarabad/@34.3618285,73.4395846,12479m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38de207ace636f0b:0xf6f838eb0bb2d5eb!8m2!3d34.3570846!4d73.4779504!16zL20vMDQ3cTMy?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 34.366667, "source_longitude": 73.516667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 22'. Long. 73° 31'. Elev. ~2,470 feet.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "town", "fort", "bridge_or_ferry", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "An important town" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "above the town, about half a mile above the fort" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "a rope suspension-bridge of the jhóla kind" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "a ferry boat plies" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "situated ... on the left bank of the former river" } ], "feature_notes": "Features classified by LLM from the gazetteer entry context.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "the-serai", "historical_name": "The serai", "modern_name": "The Serai", "pdf_page": 281, "pdf_viewer_page": 295, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The serai, built by Ali Merdán Khán by command of Sháh Jehán, lies about a mile south-west of the town, on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, some 500 yards from the water's edge, and rather more than that distance from the confluence of the Jhelam. The entrance faces the west. The serai is a large square walled enclosure, with a bastion tower at each corner, and is of similar pattern to those met with on the Pir Panjál route. It is not now inhabited, or apparently used, lying some distance from the present high road, but it seems to occupy a better defensive position than the fort, being not so immediately commanded.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Serai / rest house", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "The Sarai Srinagar", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "serai", "town", "fort", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "serai", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "serai", "quote": "admin_status: Serai / rest house" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "Jehán, lies about a mile south-west of the town, on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, some 500 yards from the w" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "is a large square walled enclosure, with a bastion tower at each corner, and is of similar pattern to those met with" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "of similar pattern to those met with on the Pir Panjál route. It is not now inhabited, or apparently used, lying" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "a mile south-west of the town, on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, some 500 yards from the water's edge, and ra" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "pattern to those met with on the Pir Panjál route. It is not now inhabited, or apparently used, lying some distance" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "the-road-to-mari", "historical_name": "The road to Mari", "modern_name": "The Road To Mari", "pdf_page": 281, "pdf_viewer_page": 295, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The road to Mari takes the direction of the confluence of the Jhelam and Kishen Ganga rivers, which is situated about 1½ miles to the south of the town; the first part of the way is rough and stony; it then passes the temple of Jellalabad, which commands the road, occupying the summit of a flat-topped mound between the pathway and the Kishen Ganga. The temple is a small modern building, enclosed by a square wall of undressed stones, about 15 feet high; the entrance faces the roadway. The path then lies through a small stream to the banks of the Jhelam, which is crossed by a rope suspension-bridge some little distance above the junction of Kishen Ganga. There is said also to be frequently a ferry boat at this point, which plies at favourable seasons when the current moderates.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kashmir Point", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "town", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "way is rough and stony; it then passes the temple of Jellalabad, which commands the road, occupying the summit of a" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "The road to Mari takes the direction of the confluence of the Jhelam and Kishen Ganga rivers, which is situated about 1½" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "banks of the Jhelam, which is crossed by a rope suspension-bridge some little distance above the junction of Kishen Ganga. T" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "The road to Mari. The Road To Mari. Town. The road to Mari takes the direc" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "road, occupying the summit of a flat-topped mound between the pathway and the Kishen Ganga. The temple is a small m" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "the-kishen-ganga", "historical_name": "The Kishen Ganga", "modern_name": "The Kishen Ganga", "pdf_page": 282, "pdf_viewer_page": 296, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "flows into the Jhelam almost at right angles below the village of Domaila. There is a small wooden temple and a fakir's house at the point of land between the two rivers, to which the shore slopes gently down. The current of the Jhelam is swifter than that of the Kishen Ganga, and its waters are much warmer. The right bank of the united rivers is the higher.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kishanganga Hydroelectric Project", "no_match_score": -37, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "village of Domaila. There is a small wooden temple and a fakir's house at the point of land between the two rivers," }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "The Kishen Ganga. The Kishen Ganga. Village. flows into the Jhelam almost at right" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "the-population-of-mozafarabad", "historical_name": "The population of Mozafarabad", "modern_name": "The Population Of Mozafarabad", "pdf_page": 282, "pdf_viewer_page": 296, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "numbers about 1,200 families, the proportion of Mohamedans to Hindús being as seven to five. Among the Mohamedan section are about 250 Kashmiri families, shop-keepers and weavers, 200 Gujárs, and 40 Syuds, who are Türuks of Bokhára; the remainder are of various trades and occupations. Of the Hindús, about 30 are shopkeepers, and the rest mostly zemindars and general traders. The principal merchants and bankers are Hubbá Khójah and Chet Sing. Pir Labadín, the chief of the Syuds, holds a jagír from the government, of 10 or 12 villages.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Muzaffarabad", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "and bankers are Hubbá Khójah and Chet Sing. Pir Labadín, the chief of the Syuds, holds a jagír from the governmen" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mozafarabad-contains-the-z-rats-of-syud-m-ra-sahib-and-pir-sult-n", "historical_name": "Mozafarabad contains the zíárats of Syud Míra Sahib and Pir Sultán", "modern_name": "Mozafarabad Contains The Zíárats Of Syud Míra Sahib And Pir Sultán", "pdf_page": 282, "pdf_viewer_page": 296, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "and five masjids; there are also three Hindú temples, which are supported by the government. There is a considerable trade between this place and the Panjáb; the exports are chiefly pútthis, ghi, and cattle, for which British goods and salt are imported, and also grain, whenever the local supplies fall short of requirements.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Shrine / sacred site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Red Fort Muzaffarabad", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "religious_site", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "admin_status: Shrine / sacred site" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "the-following-are-the-usual-b-z-r-rates-per-british-rupee", "historical_name": "The following are the usual bázár rates per British rupee", "modern_name": "The Following Are The Usual Bázár Rates Per British Rupee", "pdf_page": 282, "pdf_viewer_page": 296, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "which is the only currency in circulation at Mozafarabad:— Attah Kanak 16 seers. \" Makai 20 \" Ardawa 25 \" Rice, according to quality 8, 10, 12 \" Meat 10 \" Fowls 4, 6, 8, according to size. Fuel 2 maunds 20 seers. Ghi 2 \" Salt 4 \" Milk 16 \" Oil 3 \" Butter 3 \" Sugar 1 1/2 \" \" inferior quality 4 \"", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "Defaulted to village because no explicit feature evidence was found." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "a-little-corn-is-grown-in-the-neighbourhood-of-mozafarabad", "historical_name": "A little corn is grown in the neighbourhood of Mozafarabad", "modern_name": "A Little Corn Is Grown In The Neighbourhood Of Mozafarabad", "pdf_page": 282, "pdf_viewer_page": 296, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "but most of the arable land is devoted to rice cultivation. A few vegetables may be obtained, and a little fruit, of which the peaches are of good quality.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "Defaulted to village because no explicit feature evidence was found." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mudapur", "historical_name": "MUDAPUR", "modern_name": "Mudapur", "pdf_page": 283, "pdf_viewer_page": 297, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village which lies on the road about 7 miles west of Púnch, near the point where the paths to Parral and Kotli separate. It contains about 20 houses inhabited by Mohamedan zemindars, a fakír's makan and garden, and the Kammal Posh ziárat. It is well supplied with good water from a spring, and from a stream which flows down from the hills just east of the village. This is a favorite fishing station in the season, the Púnch Toi river flowing just below the village through numerous pools and rapids.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.733333, "source_longitude": 74.016667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 44'. Long. 74° 1'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "garden", "river_or_lake", "spring", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "kír's makan and garden, and the Kammal Posh ziárat. It is well supplied with good water from a spring, and from a st" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "by Mohamedan zemindars, a fakír's makan and garden, and the Kammal Posh ziárat. It is well supplied with good water" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "d with good water from a spring, and from a stream which flows down from the hills just east of the village. This is" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "It is well supplied with good water from a spring, and from a stream which flows down from the hills just east of t" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "dapur. Village. A village which lies on the road about 7 miles west of Púnch, near the point where the paths to Pa" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mudgund", "historical_name": "MUDGUND", "modern_name": "Mujgund", "pdf_page": 284, "pdf_viewer_page": 298, "latitude": 34.1341491, "longitude": 74.7051742, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=16044992676870925233&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Mujgund. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village in the Kuthár pargana, situated on the right bank of the Arpat, about a mile south of Gowran; it contains three houses inhabited by Kashmiris.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=16044992676870925233&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.766667, "source_longitude": 75.383333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 46'. Long. 75° 23'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJH-HYVcGb4TgRsauiYNRDq94", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "n the Kuthár pargana, situated on the right bank of the Arpat, about a mile south of Gowran; it contains three hou" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "munda", "historical_name": "MUNDA", "modern_name": "Mundah", "pdf_page": 284, "pdf_viewer_page": 298, "latitude": 33.5413121, "longitude": 75.2143189, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=16950132548596227841&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Mundah 192212. Score 72; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A cave situated on the side of the Pansál range to the south of the Shahabad valley. It may be reached through a defile from the neighbourhood of the village of Baddarmún. Moorcroft thus describes his visit to this cave:—\"Continuing to ascend the hills, we managed, although the ground was rough and broken, to ride to within 400 feet of the top. There we alighted, and crossing a thick bed of snow, came to the entrance of the cave of Múnda. The opening was only high enough to admit a man on his hands and knees, and a stream flowed from it sufficient to turn a mill. Taking torches with us, we crawled into it, and at about five yards came to a part sufficiently lofty to allow us to stand. Our attempt to advance was, however, frustrated by the bottom being entirely filled with water more than mid-deep, the depth of which, as ascertained by a stick, increased as it receded. As far as we could discern, the passage continued for above 20 yards, with a height of from 6 to 8 feet. How much farther it penetrated the mountain, we could not ascertain, but it seemed likely that it was nothing more than a natural drain for the waters of the mountain. These had now accumulated in larger quantity than usual, as the mouth of the cave had been blocked up with snow. It had been partially cleared away for our visit by order of the Malik, but the quantity was too considerable to be wholly removed, unless after some days' labour.\"", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=16950132548596227841&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.55, "source_longitude": 75.266667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 33'. Long. 75° 16'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJCyL2ieX2HTkRAV_dTr_3Ous", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 72, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "Village. A cave situated on the side of the Pansál range to the south of the Shahabad valley. It may be reached thro" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "e Pansál range to the south of the Shahabad valley. It may be reached through a defile from the neighbourhood of the" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "muran", "historical_name": "MURAN", "modern_name": "Murran", "pdf_page": 284, "pdf_viewer_page": 298, "latitude": 33.8664105, "longitude": 74.8638712, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=17091596952267147811&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Murran 192301. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village in the Chrát pargana, of which it is the tehsíl station.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=17091596952267147811&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.866667, "source_longitude": 74.9, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 52'. Long. 74° 54'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ_UNWSIXz4TgRI0oIeN-MMe0", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "town" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "ge in the Chrát pargana, of which it is the tehsíl station." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "murhama", "historical_name": "MURHAMA", "modern_name": "Murhama", "pdf_page": 284, "pdf_viewer_page": 298, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village shaded by fine trees, situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, just above the confluence of the Veshau and Rembiára rivers. It lies about 3 miles north-west of Bij Behára, and is about seven hours' journey by boat above Awantipúr. At this village there is a ferry. (Hervey—Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.833333, "source_longitude": 75.133333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 50'. Long. 75° 8'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "shaded by fine trees, situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, just above the confluence of the Veshau and Rembiá" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "above Awantipúr. At this village there is a ferry. (Hervey—Ince.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "murkot", "historical_name": "MURKOT", "modern_name": "Murkot", "pdf_page": 284, "pdf_viewer_page": 298, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Gúrais valley, lying a little distance from the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, about 300 yards east of the fort and bridge. It contains a masjid, and about 20 timber-built houses, and is supplied with water by a rill which flows from the Burrai spring, on the slopes of the mountains to the south. The usual encamping ground is on the plain on the west side of the village between it and the fort; but there is no shade. Coolies and supplies are obtainable under the orders of the Nawab, who resides in the fort.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.583333, "source_longitude": 74.9, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 35'. Long. 74° 54'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "fort", "village", "serai", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "spring", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "MURKOT. Murkot. Fort / historic site. A village in the Gúrais valley, lying a little distance from the left bank" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "es of the mountains to the south. The usual encamping ground is on the plain on the west side of the village between it and th" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "east of the fort and bridge. It contains a masjid, and about 20 timber-built houses, and is supplied with water by" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "rt / historic site. A village in the Gúrais valley, lying a little distance from the left bank of the Kishen Ganga," }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "water by a rill which flows from the Burrai spring, on the slopes of the mountains to the south. The usual encamping" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mushnali", "historical_name": "MUSHNALI", "modern_name": "Mushnali", "pdf_page": 284, "pdf_viewer_page": 298, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This place consists merely of a cattle-shed, surrounded by a few fields, situated on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, in Lower Drawar.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.516667, "source_longitude": 73.883333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 31'. Long. 73° 53'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "unded by a few fields, situated on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, in Lower Drawar." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nachi-ni", "historical_name": "NACHIÁNI", "modern_name": "Nachiáni", "pdf_page": 285, "pdf_viewer_page": 299, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a mountain in the range at the north-west end of the Khuihama pargana. On the hills between Nachiáni and the Pánchpiúra mountain, lat. 34° 38', long. 74° 27' there is some exceedingly fine pasturage, and in the months of July, August, and September, some 4 to 5,000 or more head of cattle are brought up from the Loláb and other adjacent valleys to feed, but on account of the scarcity of water on this range of hills they rapidly extend their feeding ground farther north, as far as Harí, where there is plenty of water, and easterly as far as the Haramuk. Usually these hills are covered with snow, and the pasturage not in order till at earliest the middle of June. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.483333, "source_longitude": 74.566667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 29'. Long. 74° 34'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "pass" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "etteer entry. The name of a mountain in the range at the north-west end of the Khuihama pargana. On the hills betwe" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nachilana", "historical_name": "NACHILANA", "modern_name": "Nachlana", "pdf_page": 285, "pdf_viewer_page": 299, "latitude": 33.3613594, "longitude": 75.1722108, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=15193566407752612090&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Nachlana 182145. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small village situated about 3½ miles north of Ramsú, on the road leading towards the Banihál pass. It lies on the left bank of the Mohu stream, just above the junction of the Banihál.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=15193566407752612090&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.366667, "source_longitude": 75.216667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 22'. Long. 75° 13'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJsULgvkbvHTkR-vhmHSZk2tI", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "sú, on the road leading towards the Banihál pass. It lies on the left bank of the Mohu stream, just above the junc" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "wards the Banihál pass. It lies on the left bank of the Mohu stream, just above the junction of the Banihál." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "uated about 3½ miles north of Ramsú, on the road leading towards the Banihál pass. It lies on the left bank of the" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nag-i", "historical_name": "NAGÁI", "modern_name": "Nagái", "pdf_page": 285, "pdf_viewer_page": 299, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a stream which takes its rise on the slopes of the lofty mountains forming the north-east boundary of the Górais valley, and joins the Búzríl, lat. 34° 47', long. 75° 8'. The valley of the Shingo river may, it is said, be reached by a path following the course of this stream.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "spring", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "NAGÁI. Nagái. River / watercourse. The name of a stream which takes i" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ingo river may, it is said, be reached by a path following the course of this stream." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nag-m", "historical_name": "NAGÁM", "modern_name": "Nagam", "pdf_page": 285, "pdf_viewer_page": 299, "latitude": 33.9250235, "longitude": 74.7921433, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1986763354520000045&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Nagam 191113. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A pargana in the Shahr-i-Khas zillah of the Miráj division; it comprises a district lying to the south of Srinagar. The tehsil station is at Kusba Nagám.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1986763354520000045&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Lake / spring / water site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJxXiMUDyN4TgRLZbtnr5mkhs", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "town", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: Lake / spring / water site" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "istrict lying to the south of Srinagar. The tehsil station is at Kusba Nagám." }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "NAGÁM. Nagam. Lake / spring / water site. A pargana in the Shahr-i-Kh" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nag-m-2", "historical_name": "NAGÁM", "modern_name": "Nagam", "pdf_page": 285, "pdf_viewer_page": 299, "latitude": 33.92, "longitude": 74.73, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagam,_Jammu_and_Kashmir", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?sca_esv=92507a02d39291ce&rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS1170US1188&biw=1512&bih=792&output=search&q=nagam+wikipedia+kashmir&source=lnms&fbs=ADc_l-aN0CWEZBOHjofHoaMMDiKpaEWjvZ2Py1XXV8d8KvlI3jljrY5CkLlk8Dq3IvwBz-R5R-93bnJN-gfJetFY0A5MdV8u1lb0qHJqJA7ZNBEWfsgwKkJKA1o3DT7wrqhce9wjDcNg4g-adzk-6z0QXTEhu2IempP0uSX4QCr8fTzlDpXT3vbTowxpvl6PGBDMUWl89eblz3jqXxkGOzSJ5bXJg8xaOQ&entry=mc&ved=1t:200715&ictx=111", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Nagam 191113. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village lying a short distance from the right bank of the Dúdh Ganga, about 11 miles south of Srinagar, on the road towards Chrár. It is the tehsil station of the Nagám pargana and a market place, and is usually called Kusba Nagám. There is a good encamping ground above the village, and supplies and forage are procurable. A root called mazd, used in the almond-coloured dye, is said to be found in the neighbourhood of this village, and at Pampúr. Most of it, however, comes from Ladák, where it is called Tset. (Allgood—Elmslie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?sca_esv=92507a02d39291ce&rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS1170US1188&biw=1512&bih=792&output=search&q=nagam+wikipedia+kashmir&source=lnms&fbs=ADc_l-aN0CWEZBOHjofHoaMMDiKpaEWjvZ2Py1XXV8d8KvlI3jljrY5CkLlk8Dq3IvwBz-R5R-93bnJN-gfJetFY0A5MdV8u1lb0qHJqJA7ZNBEWfsgwKkJKA1o3DT7wrqhce9wjDcNg4g-adzk-6z0QXTEhu2IempP0uSX4QCr8fTzlDpXT3vbTowxpvl6PGBDMUWl89eblz3jqXxkGOzSJ5bXJg8xaOQ&entry=mc&ved=1t:200715&ictx=111", "source_latitude": 33.933333, "source_longitude": 74.833333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat 33° 56'. Long. 74° 50'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJxXiMUDyN4TgRLZbtnr5mkhs", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village lying a short distance from the right bank of the Dúdh Ganga" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "It is the tehsil station of the Nagám pargana and a market place" } ], "feature_notes": "Entry describes Nagám primarily as a village and tehsil market place.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nag-t", "historical_name": "NAGÁT", "modern_name": "Nagát", "pdf_page": 285, "pdf_viewer_page": 299, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a nambal or morass lying to the south-east of Srinagar. Its water communicates with the Jhelam through the Kutch Kol nala, which flows in almost opposite the Shaikh Bágh. The high road from the capital towards Pámpur passes this morass.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": 74.85, "source_coordinate_text": "34° 3'. Long. 74° 51'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Lake / spring / water site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kashmir", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "city", "garden", "spring", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: Lake / spring / water site" }, { "feature": "city", "quote": "ite the Shaikh Bágh. The high road from the capital towards Pámpur passes this morass." }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": ", which flows in almost opposite the Shaikh Bágh. The high road from the capital towards Pámpur passes this morass" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "NAGÁT. Nagát. Lake / spring / water site. The name of a nambal or mor" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ows in almost opposite the Shaikh Bágh. The high road from the capital towards Pámpur passes this morass." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nagbaran", "historical_name": "NAGBARAN", "modern_name": "Nagbaran", "pdf_page": 285, "pdf_viewer_page": 299, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a grassy valley situated amid the lofty mountains lying between the valley of the Sind river and Kashmir. The path from the village of Zostán towards the Mar Sar lake traverses the east side of this valley, crossing the Arrah stream, which is sometimes bridged.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.116667, "source_longitude": 75.116667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 7'. Long. 75° 7'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Nagberan Tral", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "AN. Nagbaran. Village. The name of a grassy valley situated amid the lofty mountains lying between the valley of the" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "e valley of the Sind river and Kashmir. The path from the village of Zostán towards the Mar Sar lake traverses the" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nagdar", "historical_name": "NAGDAR", "modern_name": "Nagdar", "pdf_page": 285, "pdf_viewer_page": 299, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A considerable village in Upper Drawar, situated on the slopes of the hill high above the left bank of the Bábún-ka-Katta stream. It is said to con tain a masjid, and about 25 houses inhabited by zemindars, including a blacksmith, a carpenter, and a potter. The Khágan valley may be reached from this village by a path lying up the course of the stream.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.666667, "source_longitude": 73.983333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 40'. Long. 73° 59'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "town", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "NAGDAR. Nagdar. Village. A considerable village in Upper Drawar, situated on the slopes of the hill high above th" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "n-ka-Katta stream. It is said to con tain a masjid, and about 25 houses inhabited by zemindars, including a blacksmi" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the slopes of the hill high above the left bank of the Bábún-ka-Katta stream. It is said to con tain a masjid, an" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "alley may be reached from this village by a path lying up the course of the stream." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nagr", "historical_name": "NAGR", "modern_name": "Nagr", "pdf_page": 286, "pdf_viewer_page": 300, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village containing six houses inhabited by Hindú zemindars; it is situated above the right bank of the Chandra Bhága, at the edge of the cultivated plateau below the town of Doda, about 300 yards east of the fort.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.15, "source_longitude": 75.6, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 9'. Long. 75° 36'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "fort", "town", "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "he edge of the cultivated plateau below the town of Doda, about 300 yards east of the fort." }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "NAGR. Nagr. Fort / historic site. A small village containing six houses inhabited by Hindú zemindars; it is situate" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ú zemindars; it is situated above the right bank of the Chandra Bhága, at the edge of the cultivated plateau below" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nagrota", "historical_name": "NAGROTA", "modern_name": "Nagrota", "pdf_page": 286, "pdf_viewer_page": 300, "latitude": 32.81667, "longitude": 74.91667, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagrota", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=12510130513012545753&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Nagrota 181221. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village in the province of Jamú, lying a little more than 6 miles north-east of that town, on the high road towards Kashmir. The village, which contains a Hindú temple, and about 20 mud huts and three or four bunnia's shops, is built on a little rise surrounded by moist, swampy ground. On the north side of the village there is a low ridge, offering a suitable place for encamping. Water is obtained from wells, a stream, and a tank; the two latter sources of supply fail during the dry season.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=12510130513012545753", "source_latitude": 32.8, "source_longitude": 74.95, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 48'. Long. 74° 57'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJLaXa02SBHjkR2VjjiWvpnK0", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village", "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "The village, which contains a Hindú temple" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "contains a Hindú temple" } ], "feature_notes": "Primary feature is village; presence of Hindu temple makes it also a religious_site.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "naidgam", "historical_name": "NAIDGAM", "modern_name": "Naidgam", "pdf_page": 286, "pdf_viewer_page": 300, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A hamlet in the Machiháma pargana, consisting of two houses situated on a small stream, about 2 miles west of Sybtig, on the south side of the road from Srinagar.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.066667, "source_longitude": 74.7, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 4'. Long. 74° 42'. Elev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Budgam", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "NAIDGAM. Naidgam. River / watercourse. A hamlet in the Machiháma pargana, consisting of two houses situated on a" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "es west of Sybtig, on the south side of the road from Srinagar." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "naid-khai", "historical_name": "NAID KHAI", "modern_name": "Naidkhai", "pdf_page": 286, "pdf_viewer_page": 300, "latitude": 34.2460084, "longitude": 74.5669369, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naidkhai", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=14558531171819666457&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 3: Historical Naid Khai is a morass-side village by the Nuru canal and boat-building area; modern Naidkhai in Bandipora/Sumbal area matches that Wular-Jhelum canal geography. Wikipedia link added.", "blurb": "A village situated in the morass on the north side of the Nurú canal; it is one of the centres of the boat-building trade.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=14558531171819666457&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.25, "source_longitude": 74.616667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 15'. Long. 74° 37'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJNfj7_JUK4TgRGTzDY_dKCso", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 95, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village situated in the morass on the north side of the Nurú canal" } ], "feature_notes": "Village known as a center of boat-building trade.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "naiharai", "historical_name": "NAIHARAI", "modern_name": "Naiharai", "pdf_page": 286, "pdf_viewer_page": 300, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a very small pargana in the Kamráj division of Kashmir. The tehsil business is transacted at Shalíra, which, however, lies outside the limits of the pargana.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "Defaulted to village because no explicit feature evidence was found." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nail", "historical_name": "NAIL", "modern_name": "Nail", "pdf_page": 286, "pdf_viewer_page": 300, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A considerable stream which flows through a narrow valley and empties itself into the Pánch Toi by its left bank, just north of Kotli, lat. 33° 32', long. 73° 57'. It is fordable, and is crossed by the path from Kotli to Pánch, which follows the bank of the Pánch Toi; that by the Nandheri and Sona Galiś lies up the valley of the Nail stream for some miles.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Nail station", "no_match_score": 38, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "pass", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "he Pánch Toi; that by the Nandheri and Sona Galiś lies up the valley of the Nail stream for some miles." }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "f Kotli, lat. 33° 32', long. 73° 57'. It is fordable, and is crossed by the path from Kotli to Pánch, which follows th" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "57'. It is fordable, and is crossed by the path from Kotli to Pánch, which follows the bank of the Pánch Toi; tha" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "naindi", "historical_name": "NAINDI", "modern_name": "Naindi", "pdf_page": 286, "pdf_viewer_page": 300, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of the eastern portion of a canal which leaves the Veshau river near Túrşan, and irrigates the southern portion of the Saremzoebala pargana, flowing into the Veshau again, lat. 33° 49', long. 75° 7', just above its junction with the Rembiára. The western branch of this canal is called Ninnar. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nakka", "historical_name": "NAKKA", "modern_name": "Nakka Bazar", "pdf_page": 286, "pdf_viewer_page": 300, "latitude": 33.824923, "longitude": 73.6286011, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=17822922753646374655&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Nakka Bazar. Score 72; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small hamlet in Lower Drawar, situated in the valley of the Rugwornanka-Katta stream, to the west of the path which follows the course of the Kishen Ganga.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=17822922753646374655&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.466667, "source_longitude": 73.983333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 28'. Long. 73° 59'. Elev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJfwiviD9y4DgR_65RhtC9V_c", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 72, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "town", "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "NAKKA. Nakka Bazar. River / watercourse. A small hamlet in Lower Drawar, situated in" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": ". Nakka Bazar. River / watercourse. A small hamlet in Lower Drawar, situated in the valley of the Rugwornanka-Katta" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ugwornanka-Katta stream, to the west of the path which follows the course of the Kishen Ganga." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "naiti", "historical_name": "NAITI", "modern_name": "Naiti", "pdf_page": 286, "pdf_viewer_page": 300, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Badrawár, consisting of a cluster of houses situated on a knoll on the left bank of the Halúni stream, between 4 and 5 miles south of the town of Badrawár, by the path leading towards the Chatardhar pass. There is a Hindú temple in the village, and the fields extend a long way down the hill side. The inhabitants are all Hindús, numbering six families of Thakurs, and six Sipis, or Megs. Below the village a substantial bridge crosses the Halúni stream.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.95, "source_longitude": 75.75, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 57'. Long. 75° 45'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "town", "village", "religious_site", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "NAITI. Naiti. Town. A village in Badrawár, consisting of a cluster of houses situated on a knol" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "wards the Chatardhar pass. There is a Hindú temple in the village, and the fields extend a long way down the hill si" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "by the path leading towards the Chatardhar pass. There is a Hindú temple in the village, and the fields extend a" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "r of houses situated on a knoll on the left bank of the Halúni stream, between 4 and 5 miles south of the town of" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "s, or Megs. Below the village a substantial bridge crosses the Halúni stream." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nambalnar", "historical_name": "NAMBALNAR", "modern_name": "Nambalnar", "pdf_page": 287, "pdf_viewer_page": 301, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A hamlet situated in a green and narrow glen, which is traversed by a small stream; it lies about 2 miles south of Kountra, on the path leading towards Bapumreshi. It contains the zíárat of Goffúr Reshi, and about 16 houses inhabited by zemindárs. There is a little corn cultivation about the village, and some wild fruit trees.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.1, "source_longitude": 74.466667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 6'. Long. 74° 28'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Nambalnar", "no_match_score": 58, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "narrow glen, which is traversed by a small stream; it lies about 2 miles south of Kountra, on the path leading towa" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "lies about 2 miles south of Kountra, on the path leading towards Bapumreshi. It contains the zíárat of Goffúr Resh" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nandan-sar", "historical_name": "NANDAN SAR", "modern_name": "Nandan Sar Lake", "pdf_page": 287, "pdf_viewer_page": 301, "latitude": 33.5589, "longitude": 74.5258, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nandan_Sar_Lake", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8506058171498190415&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-04 candidate batch: Historical Nandan Sar is the northerly tarn in the Pansal/Darhal-Budil pass cluster; modern Nandan Sar Lake preserves the name and setting. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "The name of the most northerly of a cluster of mountain tarns lying on the north side of the Pansál range, between the Darhal and Búdil passes, about 8 miles south of Allihad Serai. The old Moghul highway into Kashmír skirted the western shore of the lake. A small stream called the Ladí flows from it, joining the Rembiára below Allihad Serai. In 1814 the Maharajah Ranjit Singh sent forward 10,000 Sikhs by way of Nandan Sar. The Patáns (or Afgháns) in Kashmír were ready to receive them, and encamped on the Pinjara plain, near Shupian. A shower of rain rendered the Sikh muskets almost useless, and Ranjit's troops were consequently defeated; the Patán General was, however, killed in the action. At the same time Ranjit, who had attempted to carry the Tosha maídán pass, was defeated by Mohamed Azím Khán, the then governor of Kashmír, in person. Five years previous to the first Sikh expedition, the celebrated Futi Khán, the Vazír of Sháh Zíman of Kábul, passed the Pansál by the Nandan Sar road, with 10,000 men, supplied him by Maharajah Ranjit Singh. (Vigne.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8506058171498190415", "source_latitude": 33.566667, "source_longitude": 74.566667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 34'. Long. 74° 34'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Serai / rest house", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJf8t0nxff4TgRT1b1BteWC3Y", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 72, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "An oval sheet of water...lying in a deep hollow on the slopes of the hills" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "The old Moghul highway into Kashmír skirted the western shore of the lake" } ], "feature_notes": "Nandan Sar is a lake with no additional physical features mentioned within it.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nandheri-galli", "historical_name": "NANDHERI GALLI", "modern_name": "Nandheri Galli", "pdf_page": 287, "pdf_viewer_page": 301, "latitude": 33.5442331, "longitude": 74.0228042, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Nanda+Gali+Rd/@33.5442331,74.0228042,1818m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e02606e75f5edd:0xe2f60f14da1c9269!8m2!3d33.5467979!4d74.0248244!16s%2Fg%2F1hjgpyxcd?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A pass in the range of hills lying to the north-east of Kotli; it is crossed by the direct path between Kotli and Púnch, which is described as being very rough and but little used.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Nanda+Gali+Rd/@33.5442331,74.0228042,1818m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e02606e75f5edd:0xe2f60f14da1c9269!8m2!3d33.5467979!4d74.0248244!16s%2Fg%2F1hjgpyxcd?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.6, "source_longitude": 74.083333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 36'. Long. 74° 5'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Pass / route", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "pass" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "A pass in the range of hills... it is crossed by the direct path between Kotli and Púnch" } ], "feature_notes": "Mountain pass crossed by a rough path.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nandmarg", "historical_name": "NANDMARG", "modern_name": "Nandmarg", "pdf_page": 287, "pdf_viewer_page": 301, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A pass which crosses the Pansál range at the south-east extremity of the Shahabad valley. The northern slope of the mountain is clothed with forest to the limit of vegetation, but the south side is for the most part rocky and precipitous. The path which crosses this pass is known as the Peristán route, and, though steep and difficult, is used when that by the Brari Bal is impracticable. The Nandmarg pass is usually open from the beginning of May until the end of October, but much snow is met with on the road until very late in the season. The top of the pass is distant about 4 miles from Basú or Borson, a Gújar settlement in the Pogal valley, which is the usual stage, and about 8 miles from Choan in the Shahabad pargana. The upright stone at the summit is said to mark the spot where a fakír, Nanúd, who has bequeathed his name to the pass, existed for many years.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.383333, "source_longitude": 75.4, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 23'. Long. 75° 24'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Pass / route", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Nadi marg", "no_match_score": 46, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "pass", "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "admin_status: Pass / route" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "about 4 miles from Basú or Borson, a Gújar settlement in the Pogal valley, which is the usual stage, and about 8 miles" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "at the south-east extremity of the Shahabad valley. The northern slope of the mountain is clothed with forest to the" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "NANDMARG. Nandmarg. Pass / route. A pass which crosses the Pansál range at the south-east extremit" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nanmarg", "historical_name": "NANMARG", "modern_name": "Nanmarg", "pdf_page": 287, "pdf_viewer_page": 301, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A beautiful mountain down or marg, situated on the eastern slopes of the Pansál range, about 12 miles south-east of Shupian. The verdant slopes of the Nanmarg rise and rest against the ridge of the Pansál, and on the north it is bounded by an edging of rising ground that prevents the great valley from being seen from it. The view from the eminence on the westward side is one of singular grandeur and beauty, the eye being carried along an elevated vista formed between the Pansál and the hills that immediately bound the valley itself; and a beautiful succession of ridges and valleys, down-lands, and forest scenery, resembling that of one vast natural park, is continued up to the precipitous sides of the snowy mountains resting on the Tosha maidan for an extent of about 36 miles. (Vigne.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.566667, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 34'. Long. 75°. Elev.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Sonamarg", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "marg, situated on the eastern slopes of the Pansál range, about 12 miles south-east of Shupian. The verdant slopes o" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ng of rising ground that prevents the great valley from being seen from it. The view from the eminence on the westwa" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "naodai", "historical_name": "NAODAI", "modern_name": "Naodai", "pdf_page": 288, "pdf_viewer_page": 302, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Wúlar pargana, lying in the midst of low rice-lands about 2 miles south-west of Trál, on the path towards Awantipúr. It contains a masjid, and about six houses inhabited by Mohamedan zemindars, and a Pandit. There is a small spring in the village, which is shaded by fine trees, and on the west side a considerable stream, which is crossed by a kadal bridge, or it may be forded without difficulty.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.916667, "source_longitude": 75.116667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 55'. Long. 75° 7'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "spring", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "n the path towards Awantipúr. It contains a masjid, and about six houses inhabited by Mohamedan zemindars, and a Pan" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "trees, and on the west side a considerable stream, which is crossed by a kadal bridge, or it may be forded without" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "n zemindars, and a Pandit. There is a small spring in the village, which is shaded by fine trees, and on the west si" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "considerable stream, which is crossed by a kadal bridge, or it may be forded without difficulty." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ds about 2 miles south-west of Trál, on the path towards Awantipúr. It contains a masjid, and about six houses inh" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "naogam", "historical_name": "NAOGAM", "modern_name": "Nowgam", "pdf_page": 288, "pdf_viewer_page": 302, "latitude": 34.0262062, "longitude": 74.8243939, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=15963463669043329370&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Nowgam, Srinagar. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A large village in the Kuthár pargana, situated about 3 miles east of Achibal. It is surrounded by rice cultivation, and contains three small springs, near which lie some old carved stones and lingams. The population numbers 22 families of Mohamedan zemindars, 10 Pirzadas, two mullahs, eight Pandits, two dums, a blacksmith, and a cow-keeper, and five families engaged in silk production. The flatüre, which has lately been erected by the government in this village, is a very large building, but is manifestly unsafe.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=15963463669043329370&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.7, "source_longitude": 75.3, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 42'. Long. 75° 18'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJTYKu4liO4TgRWnkuAqGdid0", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "rice cultivation, and contains three small springs, near which lie some old carved stones and lingams. The populatio" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "naogam-2", "historical_name": "NAOGAM", "modern_name": "Nowgam", "pdf_page": 288, "pdf_viewer_page": 302, "latitude": 34.0262062, "longitude": 74.8243939, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=15963463669043329370&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Nowgam, Srinagar. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "This village stands in the middle of the morass, a few miles north-east of Patan, just south of the Norû canal. It consists of about 11 houses shaded by a few trees.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=15963463669043329370&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.2, "source_longitude": 74.633333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 12'. Long. 74° 38'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJTYKu4liO4TgRWnkuAqGdid0", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "e. This village stands in the middle of the morass, a few miles north-east of Patan, just south of the Norû canal. I" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "naopur", "historical_name": "NAOPUR", "modern_name": "Naopur", "pdf_page": 288, "pdf_viewer_page": 302, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village lying in a narrow valley between two undars, just south of the road from Baramúla towards Srinagar, and distant about 5 miles south of Sopúr. A small stream flows through the village, which is surrounded by extensive cultivation of both rice and corn. It contains two masjids and two ziarats; that of Nasir Sahib is situated in a fine clump of trees. The population numbers about 150 families, including two Pandits, three mullahs, two dyers, two carpenters, two blacksmiths, two dums, two mochis, and a sweeper. This village, with 15 others in the neighbourhood, is held in jagir by Dewan Kirpa Ram, the present minister at the Maharajah’s court.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.216667, "source_longitude": 74.5, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 13'. Long. 74° 30'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kashmir Stores", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Village. A large village lying in a narrow valley between two undars, just south of the road from Baramúla towards" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "alley between two undars, just south of the road from Baramúla towards Srinagar, and distant about 5 miles south o" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "naopura", "historical_name": "NAOPURA", "modern_name": "Naupura", "pdf_page": 288, "pdf_viewer_page": 302, "latitude": 34.0903026, "longitude": 74.8258562, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9127554041490779148&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Naupura, Srinagar 190003. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small village in the Khuiháma pargana, situated a few minutes’ walk to the west of Bandipûra, on the road towards Sopúr, which is about 16 miles distant. (Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9127554041490779148&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.416667, "source_longitude": 74.683333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 25'. Long. 74° 41'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJV7rV9H2F4TgRDCw9dwqWq34", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "utes’ walk to the west of Bandipûra, on the road towards Sopúr, which is about 16 miles distant. (Ince.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "naosher", "historical_name": "NAOSHER", "modern_name": "Naosher", "pdf_page": 288, "pdf_viewer_page": 302, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of that part of the lofty range of mountains which lies north and south between the eastern end of the Matsil valley and the source of the Hanti stream. It is crossed by the track lying between Bakthaor, on the Kishen Ganga, and the village of Matsil. The sides of the mountains, though very steep, are mostly covered with grass and forest, and afford pasturage to flocks of sheep; the top of the ridge is narrow and rocky.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.666667, "source_longitude": 74.616667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 40'. Long. 74° 37'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Naushera", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "Village. The name of that part of the lofty range of mountains which lies north and south between the eastern end o" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "south between the eastern end of the Matsil valley and the source of the Hanti stream. It is crossed by the track ly" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "e of the Hanti stream. It is crossed by the track lying between Bakthaor, on the Kishen Ganga, and the village of M" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "naoshera", "historical_name": "NAOSHERA", "modern_name": "Naushera", "pdf_page": 289, "pdf_viewer_page": 303, "latitude": 33.16, "longitude": 74.24, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowshera,_Jammu_and_Kashmir", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9166705702518783645&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Naushera 185151. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A town in the province of that name, situated on high ground on the north side of a fertile valley, about 300 feet above the right bank of the Tawi river. It lies on the Pir Panjál route into Kashmir, and is distant about 27 miles north of Bhimber, and 122 miles south-west of Srinagar. The houses are built of stone. There is a fine old Mogul Serai in the middle of the town, which is now the residence of the governor of the district. Below the town there are several water mills on the river, which early in the season is fordable in many places for foot passengers. There is a bungalow for travellers situated about a mile south of the town, in a large orchard called the Baoli Bagh or \"Reservoir Garden,\" from a deep stone well in the centre of it. Supplies and forage are procurable, water and fuel are everywhere abundant, and there is a good encamping ground. (Allgood—Knight—Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9166705702518783645", "source_latitude": 33.166667, "source_longitude": 74.3, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 10'. Long. 74° 18'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Serai / rest house", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJ31nkz1c1HjkRnf4t50SuNn8", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "town", "serai", "garden", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "A town in the province of that name" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "There is a fine old Mogul Serai in the middle of the town" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "a large orchard called the Baoli Bagh or 'Reservoir Garden'" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Below the town there are several water mills on the river" } ], "feature_notes": "Town with an old Mogul serai, a garden (orchard), and on river bank.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "naoshera-2", "historical_name": "NAOSHERA", "modern_name": "Naushera", "pdf_page": 289, "pdf_viewer_page": 303, "latitude": 33.16, "longitude": 74.24, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowshera,_Jammu_and_Kashmir", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9166705702518783645&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Naushera 185151. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, about 10 miles south-west of Baramúla. There is a ferry across the river, which is guarded by two small mud forts on either bank. In an enclosure on the river bank are two small bungalows for the accommodation of travellers; there is likewise an open space for encamping. Supplies are procurable, and water from the Jhelam, or from a stream which flows down through the village. Gulmarg may be reached from this village by a foot-path passing up the gorge to the south-east; the distance is about 16 miles; the road, which is at first very steep, lies through beautiful scenery. (Allgood—Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9166705702518783645", "source_latitude": 34.15, "source_longitude": 74.266667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 9'. Long. 74° 16'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJ31nkz1c1HjkRnf4t50SuNn8", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "fort", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A small village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "two small mud forts on either bank" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "There is a ferry across the river" } ], "feature_notes": "Village with two small forts guarding the ferry crossing the river.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nar", "historical_name": "NAR", "modern_name": "Nar", "pdf_page": 289, "pdf_viewer_page": 303, "latitude": 33.3947792, "longitude": 73.8264677, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9295606442813441934&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Nar. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village in the province of Naoshera, situated about 13 miles north of Poni, on the road leading into Kashmir by the Búdiil pass. It consists of a few scattered houses. A stream flows down the valley below the village, and the hill sides are covered with a dense brushwood. The neighbourhood of this hamlet forms a convenient encamping ground; but there is only a little corn cultivator about the place, and no supplies can be depended upon. (Allgood.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9295606442813441934&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.25, "source_longitude": 74.733333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 15'. Long. 74° 44'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJZQIpAGPgHzkRjke6O8-gAIE", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village", "forest" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in the province of Naoshera" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "the hill sides are covered with a dense brushwood" } ], "feature_notes": "Village surrounded by dense brushwood (forest).", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nak-r", "historical_name": "NAKÁRÚ", "modern_name": "Nakárú", "pdf_page": 289, "pdf_viewer_page": 303, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Basoli district, lying a little to the south-east of Jindrali, about 11 miles north of the town of Basoli. It consists of a few houses surrounded by some fields.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.6, "source_longitude": 75.866667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 36'. Long. 75° 52'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "town", "village" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "NAKÁRÚ. Nakárú. Town. A village in the Basoli district, lying a little to the south-east of Jindr" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "narast-n", "historical_name": "NARASTÁN", "modern_name": "Narastan", "pdf_page": 289, "pdf_viewer_page": 303, "latitude": 34.0544044, "longitude": 75.0998045, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8213901108767553760&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Narastan 192123. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village situated on the north side of a small valley, which opens into the north-east end of the Wúlar pargana, at the village of Sutúra. It is distant about 4 miles north-east of Arphal, and lies at the mouth of the gorge, which is traversed by the path leading towards the Mar Sar lake. The village stands on high ground, which produces rice and other dry crops. The Brariangan stream flows just south of the village; it is crossed by a kánal bridge, and may also be forded. A torrent from the Saraibún range to the north rolls down the gorge through the village. The population consists of four families of Mahomedan zemindars occupying houses with pent roofs, and nine families of Gújars inhabiting their usual flat-roofed huts.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8213901108767553760&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.05, "source_longitude": 75.15, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 3'. Long. 75° 9'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJIyjCWWck4jgR4PhGEIqj_XE", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "also be forded. A torrent from the Saraibún range to the north rolls down the gorge through the village. The popula" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "llage situated on the north side of a small valley, which opens into the north-east end of the Wúlar pargana, at the" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "th of the village; it is crossed by a kánal bridge, and may also be forded. A torrent from the Saraibún range to the" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "uth of the gorge, which is traversed by the path leading towards the Mar Sar lake. The village stands on high grou" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "naroar", "historical_name": "NAROAR", "modern_name": "Naroar", "pdf_page": 290, "pdf_viewer_page": 304, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Jamú, situated on the south side of the ridge, about 5 miles north of Krimechi, on the high road towards Kashmír. There is much rice cultivation about the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.033333, "source_longitude": 75.183333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 2'. Long. 75° 11'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Jammu and Kashmir", "no_match_score": -3, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "in Jamú, situated on the south side of the ridge, about 5 miles north of Krimechi, on the high road towards Kashmí" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ge, about 5 miles north of Krimechi, on the high road towards Kashmír. There is much rice cultivation about the village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "narpu-r", "historical_name": "NARPÚR", "modern_name": "Nar", "pdf_page": 290, "pdf_viewer_page": 304, "latitude": 33.5459342, "longitude": 74.2763049, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=3178323835246926961&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Nar 185131. Score 72; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village situated towards the northern extremity of the Supersummun pargana, at the mouth of a little valley which is traversed by the path between Shupian and Chrár. It contains about six houses, and is watered by a small stream. The zírat of the three Syuds Padsháh, Phatza, and Ashraf, is situated by the side of the path.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=3178323835246926961&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.766667, "source_longitude": 74.85, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 46'. Long. 74° 51'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJe96dHU3U4TgRcdwMTbCsGyw", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 72, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "persummun pargana, at the mouth of a little valley which is traversed by the path between Shupian and Chrár. It cont" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "f a little valley which is traversed by the path between Shupian and Chrár. It contains about six houses, and is w" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "narsar", "historical_name": "NARSAR", "modern_name": "Narsar", "pdf_page": 291, "pdf_viewer_page": 305, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the right bank of the Arpat, towards the north end of the Kuthár pargana; it contains a masjid, and five timber-built houses having pent roofs, which are inhabited by five brothers.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.783333, "source_longitude": 75.4, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 47'. Long. 75° 24'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Bimar Narsar", "no_match_score": 52, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "th end of the Kuthár pargana; it contains a masjid, and five timber-built houses having pent roofs, which are inhabi" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "r. Village. A village situated on the right bank of the Arpat, towards the north end of the Kuthár pargana; it con" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "naru", "historical_name": "NARU", "modern_name": "Naru", "pdf_page": 291, "pdf_viewer_page": 305, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated in a little valley on the south side of the Bring pargana. It is the point of departure of the path leading over the range into the Shahabad valley; there are two routes, one by the village of Zamilgam, the other by Batgund; both are excellent paths, and almost equally direct; the journey to Vernág occupies a little more than an hour.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.583333, "source_longitude": 75.333333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 35'. Long. 75° 20'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Narur", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "t of departure of the path leading over the range into the Shahabad valley; there are two routes, one by the villag" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ru. Village. A village situated in a little valley on the south side of the Bring pargana. It is the point of depart" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "argana. It is the point of departure of the path leading over the range into the Shahabad valley; there are two ro" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nashila", "historical_name": "NASHILA", "modern_name": "Nashila", "pdf_page": 291, "pdf_viewer_page": 305, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the province of Kishtwár, situated about 5 miles north-west of Doda, on the path towards Bagú. It contains two families of Mahomedans and one of Hindús.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.166667, "source_longitude": 75.55, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 10'. Long. 75° 33'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ed about 5 miles north-west of Doda, on the path towards Bagú. It contains two families of Mahomedans and one of H" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "natian", "historical_name": "NATIAN", "modern_name": "Natian", "pdf_page": 291, "pdf_viewer_page": 305, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated at the north-east extremity of the Karnao valley, containing 10 houses and a mixed population of Kashmiris and Gujárs. The corn fields extend up to the edge of the forest, at the foot of the western slope of the Nattishannar Galli. The paths from Titwal towards the Kashmir valley, both that crossing the Nattishannar Galli, and by the Kakwa Galli, which is the winter route, lie through this village. There are numerous fine walnut trees scattered about the fields.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.416667, "source_longitude": 73.933333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 25'. Long. 73° 56'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Jannat e kashmir", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ot of the western slope of the Nattishannar Galli. The paths from Titwal towards the Kashmir valley, both that cros" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "d at the north-east extremity of the Karnao valley, containing 10 houses and a mixed population of Kashmiris and Guj" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "and by the Kakwa Galli, which is the winter route, lie through this village. There are numerous fine walnut trees s" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "natipura", "historical_name": "NATIPURA", "modern_name": "Natipora", "pdf_page": 291, "pdf_viewer_page": 305, "latitude": 34.0417923, "longitude": 74.8185446, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=7261659015443747379&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Natipora, Srinagar 190015. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village in the Zainagir pargana, situated on the left bank of the Pohru, about 8 miles north-west of Sopúr, by the road leading towards Shaldrán and the Loláb valley. It contains a masjid, and 10 houses inhabited by zemindars. Some fine trees shade the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=7261659015443747379&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.366667, "source_longitude": 74.333333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 22'. Long. 74° 20'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJz4cflE2O4TgRM5KJj2aYxmQ", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "haldrán and the Loláb valley. It contains a masjid, and 10 houses inhabited by zemindars. Some fine trees shade the" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the Zainagir pargana, situated on the left bank of the Pohru, about 8 miles north-west of Sopúr, by the road lead" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": ", about 8 miles north-west of Sopúr, by the road leading towards Shaldrán and the Loláb valley. It contains a masj" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "natsu", "historical_name": "NATSU", "modern_name": "Natsu", "pdf_page": 291, "pdf_viewer_page": 305, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Birwa pargana, containing four houses inhabited by zemindars; it is situated by the side of a ravine in the sloping spur on the west side of path, between Makháma and Drang.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.016667, "source_longitude": 74.6, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 1'. Long. 74° 36'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ine in the sloping spur on the west side of path, between Makháma and Drang." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nattanas", "historical_name": "NATTANAS", "modern_name": "Nattanas", "pdf_page": 291, "pdf_viewer_page": 305, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village containing about 20 houses, situated near the left bank of the Kamil, at the south-east end of the Uttar pargana. A path lies over the range of hills to the south, leading to the village of Chogal on the Pohru river.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.45, "source_longitude": 74.333333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 27'. Long. 74° 20'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "of the Uttar pargana. A path lies over the range of hills to the south, leading to the village of Chogal on the Po" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ing about 20 houses, situated near the left bank of the Kamil, at the south-east end of the Uttar pargana. A path" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "the south-east end of the Uttar pargana. A path lies over the range of hills to the south, leading to the village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nattishannar-galli", "historical_name": "NATTISHANNAR GALLI", "modern_name": "Nattishannar Galli", "pdf_page": 291, "pdf_viewer_page": 305, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of the pass which is crossed by the best road lying between the Uttar pargana and the Karnao valley. It is called in the Kashmiri language Natischán, or the cut-nose. This pass is quite practicable for laden ponies, and is open for nine months in the year; during the winter season a detour must be made by the Kakwa Galli, lying more to the north. The summit of the pass is distant about 4 miles east of the village of Haji Nar, and 16 miles south-west of Shalúrah fort, the Drangiari dok forming the resting place midway. The top of the pass is a narrow grassy saddle lying between the lofty rocky mountains of the Shamsbari range to the south and the Nattishannar mountains of much inferior elevation to the north.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.4, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 24'. Long. 74°. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kuthnar ni Gali", "no_match_score": -3, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "fort", "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "e pass is distant about 4 miles east of the village of Haji Nar, and 16 miles south-west of Shalúrah fort, the Drangi" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "NATTISHANNAR GALLI. Nattishannar Galli. Fort / historic site. The name of the pass w" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ng between the Uttar pargana and the Karnao valley. It is called in the Kashmiri language Natischán, or the cut-nose" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "me of the pass which is crossed by the best road lying between the Uttar pargana and the Karnao valley. It is call" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "naunagar-survey-station", "historical_name": "NAUNAGAR—Survey Station", "modern_name": "Naunagar—survey Station", "pdf_page": 292, "pdf_viewer_page": 306, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of one of the largest wudars or table-lands in Kashmír. It lies near the middle of the valley, on the west side of the Jhelam, between Awantípúr and Bij-Behára, and is about 5 miles in length by 2½ miles in extreme breadth, rising from 200 to 250 feet above the plain. Cunningham states that he searched in vain for shells in this mass of lacustrine deposit, as he crossed over the karewah to Pa Yech, but was more fortunate at Awantípúr, where he obtained numerous specimens of Cyclas rivicola in the horizontal strata of clay and sand at different heights up to nearly 200 feet above the present level of the river, and about 80 feet below the level of the lake beneath which, it is presumed, the valley of Kashmír was submerged. (Cunningham.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.883333, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 53'. Long. 75°. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "fort", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "in Kashmír. It lies near the middle of the valley, on the west side of the Jhelam, between Awantípúr and Bij-Behára" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nawoat", "historical_name": "NAWOAT", "modern_name": "Nawoat", "pdf_page": 292, "pdf_viewer_page": 306, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village on the north side of the Púnch valley, about 5 miles west of the town; it is situated on the slopes of the hill some little distance from the right bank of the Púnch Toi river, the road to Púnch passing through the fields below it. There are about 25 houses in the village, a fifth of the inhabitants being Hindús.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.75, "source_longitude": 74.05, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 45'. Long. 74° 3'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "town", "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "NAWOAT. Nawoat. Town. A village on the north side of the Púnch valley, about 5 miles west of the" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "n. A village on the north side of the Púnch valley, about 5 miles west of the town; it is situated on the slopes of" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "the right bank of the Púnch Toi river, the road to Púnch passing through the fields below it. There are about 25" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "neki", "historical_name": "NEKI", "modern_name": "Neki", "pdf_page": 292, "pdf_viewer_page": 306, "latitude": 33.3470822, "longitude": 73.9871018, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Khuiratta/@33.3470822,73.9871018,12629m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x391fd0a010b01303:0xe64e17dc9e1f785!8m2!3d33.3478783!4d74.0241367!16s%2Fm%2F03c1kj2?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 5: Historical Neki is on the direct Mirpur-Kotli path; existing Neki candidate in the Mirpur-Kotli corridor retained as the best modern equivalent.", "blurb": "A village lying on the direct path between Mírpúr and Kotli. It is situated on the south side and close to the top of a steep ridge which is covered with fir trees; on the north side of the ridge close to the village is a baoli, in which rises a small spring of cool, clear water. Neki contains six houses; the inhabitants are Mahomedan zemindars.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Khuiratta/@33.3470822,73.9871018,12629m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x391fd0a010b01303:0xe64e17dc9e1f785!8m2!3d33.3478783!4d74.0241367!16s%2Fm%2F03c1kj2?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.416667, "source_longitude": 73.916667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 25'. Long. 73° 55'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 91, "features": [ "village", "pass", "spring", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "south side and close to the top of a steep ridge which is covered with fir trees; on the north side of the ridge c" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "village is a baoli, in which rises a small spring of cool, clear water. Neki contains six houses; the inhabitants a" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "eki. Village. A village lying on the direct path between Mírpúr and Kotli. It is situated on the south side and cl" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "neril", "historical_name": "NERIL", "modern_name": "Neril", "pdf_page": 292, "pdf_viewer_page": 306, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a stream in the Tilail valley, which flows into the Kishen Ganga by the right bank, lat. 34° 38', long. 75° 4'. This stream is bridged at the village of Neur, just above its junction with the Kishen Ganga, where the road towards Drás crosses it; it is also usually fordable.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "NERIL. Neril. Village. The name of a stream in the Tilail valley, which flows into the Kishen Ganga by the ri" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "towards Drás crosses it; it is also usually fordable." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "s junction with the Kishen Ganga, where the road towards Drás crosses it; it is also usually fordable." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "neru", "historical_name": "NERU", "modern_name": "Neru", "pdf_page": 292, "pdf_viewer_page": 306, "latitude": 33.1386, "longitude": 75.5549, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neeru_river", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=6077461897286751057&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 5: Historical Neru is the river rising near Bhaderwah and joining the Chenab near Doda; modern Neeru/Neru river is the same feature. Wikipedia link added.", "blurb": "This river rises on the range of mountains forming the boundary between the hill state of Chamba and Badrawár; it flows in a north-westerly direction towards the town of Badrawár, before reaching which place it is joined by the Halúni stream, which flows from the Kund Kaplas lakes and receives the drainage from the Chatardhar pass; it is joined during its course by numerous other affluents, the principal of which is the Bin Kad stream, which flows in below the village of Bhala, about 12 miles north-west of Badrawár. The course of the Nerú is uniformly in a north-westerly direction; it empties itself into the Chandra Bhága, lat. 33° 8', long. 75° 36', almost opposite, the town of Doda. The banks are for the most part rocky and precipitous, but the stream is of no great depth, and the current moderate. The Nerú is bridged below the village of Beja, near its source, and by the Dredja and Haripúr bridges near the town of Badrawár, at Kotli, and Sirole Bágh, below Gata, at Dranga, to the north of Berára, and below Sowand, near where it empties itself into the Chandra Bhága. The ruins of a bridge exist at Niota, and at Sare it is spanned by a beam thrown across the bed of the stream. It is also fordable at numerous places throughout its course.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=6077461897286751057&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ7c5yI4SvHTkRUZO_U2V7V1Q", "finalized": false, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 97, "features": [ "town", "village", "garden", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "he Bin Kad stream, which flows in below the village of Bhala, about 12 miles north-west of Badrawár. The course of th" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "the town of Badrawár, at Kotli, and Sirole Bágh, below Gata, at Dranga, to the north of Berára, and below Sowand," }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "NERU. Neru. Town. This river rises on the range of mountains forming the boundary between the hill state of Chamb" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "NERU. Neru. Town. This river rises on the range of mountains forming the boundary between the" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "self into the Chandra Bhága. The ruins of a bridge exist at Niota, and at Sare it is spanned by a beam thrown across" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "neur", "historical_name": "NEUR", "modern_name": "Neur", "pdf_page": 293, "pdf_viewer_page": 307, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Tilail valley, situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, at the junction of the Neril stream. It contains a ruined masjid, and seven families of zemindars and two barbers; there are also some flour mills. Most of the houses stand on the high bank on the east side of the stream; some few are built on the right bank, in the bed of the stream, which is crossed by a bridge, and may likewise usually be forded. The Showay cascade falls into the Kishen Ganga opposite this village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.55, "source_longitude": 75.066667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 33'.\tLong. 75° 4'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Dr Hashash Singh Ishar | Neurologist | Migraine, Epilepsy, Stroke, Spine, Parkinson’s, Neuropathy, Vertigo Specialist", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "n of the Neril stream. It contains a ruined masjid, and seven families of zemindars and two barbers; there are also" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "EUR. Neur. Village. A village in the Tilail valley, situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, at the junction" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "he bed of the stream, which is crossed by a bridge, and may likewise usually be forded. The Showay cascade falls int" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nichinai", "historical_name": "NICHINAI", "modern_name": "Nichinai", "pdf_page": 293, "pdf_viewer_page": 307, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a grassy valley lying on the north side of the Sind river, in the neighbourhood of the Sonamarg. It is drained by a stream of the same name, and is traversed by a path leading to Tilail.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.333333, "source_longitude": 75.283333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 20'.\tLong. 75° 17'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Nichnai Pass", "no_match_score": 22, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "eam of the same name, and is traversed by a path leading to Tilail." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nighenpura", "historical_name": "NIGHENPURA", "modern_name": "Nighenpura", "pdf_page": 293, "pdf_viewer_page": 307, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village containing about 20 houses situated on the south-west side of the Khund valley, on the stream which irrigates the valley.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.566667, "source_longitude": 75.15, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 34'.\tLong. 75° 9'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Shah Kashmir Arts Emporium", "no_match_score": -3, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ituated on the south-west side of the Khund valley, on the stream which irrigates the valley." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nigial", "historical_name": "NIGIAL", "modern_name": "Nigial", "pdf_page": 293, "pdf_viewer_page": 307, "latitude": 33.262163, "longitude": 73.785534, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Nagyal+house/@33.262163,73.785534,1041m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m15!1m8!3m7!1s0x391fe89e4fa1b323:0xd14edba9f972442b!2sNagial+Road!3b1!8m2!3d33.2522026!4d73.7747947!16s%2Fg%2F1hc0w6851!3m5!1s0x391fe950616fd6bd:0xb242064188685313!8m2!3d33.2512353!4d73.7760889!16s%2Fg%2F11tsxrqv0g?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMi4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Naoshera, lying just to the east of the road between Mirpúr and Chowmuk; it contains about 30 houses inhabited by Mohamedans, and is supplied with water from a tank.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Nagyal+house/@33.262163,73.785534,1041m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m15!1m8!3m7!1s0x391fe89e4fa1b323:0xd14edba9f972442b!2sNagial+Road!3b1!8m2!3d33.2522026!4d73.7747947!16s%2Fg%2F1hc0w6851!3m5!1s0x391fe950616fd6bd:0xb242064188685313!8m2!3d33.2512353!4d73.7760889!16s%2Fg%2F11tsxrqv0g?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMi4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.25, "source_longitude": 73.816667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 15'.\tLong. 73° 49'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in Naoshera" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "is supplied with water from a tank" } ], "feature_notes": "Village supplied with water from a tank (spring-like water source).", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nikeran", "historical_name": "NIKERAN", "modern_name": "Keran", "pdf_page": 293, "pdf_viewer_page": 307, "latitude": 34.6653, "longitude": 73.9533, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keran,_Neelum_Valley", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=5279925749171855245&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Keran 193224. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A house, begirt with trees, situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, towards the western extremity of Gúrais. The inhabitants of the neighbouring village of Halmathan cultivate some of the fields with which it is surrounded.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=5279925749171855245&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.75, "source_longitude": 74.733333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 45'.\tLong. 74° 44'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJic71conF4DgRjZ_Tn34QRkk", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "forest" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A house, begirt with trees, situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "a house, begirt with trees" } ], "feature_notes": "Village characterized by trees surrounding the habitation.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "n-lkanta", "historical_name": "NÍLKANTA", "modern_name": "Nílkanta", "pdf_page": 293, "pdf_viewer_page": 307, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A pass over the Pansál range, between the Sidrún district to the north of Púnch, and the valley of Kashmír. This is said to be the shortest route between Púnch and the northern parts of Kashmír, but is not practicable for laden animals, and is closed during the six winter months.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.983333, "source_longitude": 74.35, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 59'.\tLong. 74° 21'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Pass / route", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Neelum Valley Kashmir", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "admin_status: Pass / route" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "rún district to the north of Púnch, and the valley of Kashmír. This is said to be the shortest route between Púnch a" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "NÍLKANTA. Nílkanta. Pass / route. A pass over the Pansál range, between the Sidrún district to the" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "n-l-nag", "historical_name": "NÍL NAG", "modern_name": "Nilnag Lake", "pdf_page": 293, "pdf_viewer_page": 307, "latitude": 33.85577778, "longitude": 74.692375, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilnag_Lake", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=15337198354377879324&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual research: NIL NAG is modern Nilnag Lake in Budgam/Yusmarg area; source description as a small sacred lake west of Charar fits.", "blurb": "An oval sheet of water, about 100 yards long and 20 yards wide, lying in a deep hollow on the slopes of the hills, on the south side of the Kashmír valley, about 4 miles west of Chrár. The water is derived from springs, and the place is considered very holy by the Hindús. Abul Fazl in his mention of this lake states it was 'held sacred, and many fanatics consume themselves with fire on its border. They likewise try their fortunes by it in the following manner: A walnut divided into four parts is thrown into the spring; if an odd number floats, it is accounted a good omen, and an even number is deemed unlucky. They also throw milk into it, which sinking indicates good luck, but if it floats, the omen is bad. In ancient times there was, in this spring, a book entitled 'Nilmul,' containing a particular description of Kashmír, with a history of this place of worship. It is asserted that at the bottom of the spring there is a large inhabited city, and that a Brahmin went and remained there two or three days, and on his return gave a wonderful description of it.' (Vigne).", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=15337198354377879324", "source_latitude": 33.85, "source_longitude": 74.733333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 51'.\tLong. 74° 44'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJezdEM97x4TgRHC9msqSs2NQ", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 90, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "spring", "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "spring", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "spring", "quote": "The water is derived from springs" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "the place is considered very holy by the Hindús" } ], "feature_notes": "A holy spring strongly associated with religious practices; thus primary feature spring plus religious_site.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nilpura", "historical_name": "NILPURA", "modern_name": "Nilpura", "pdf_page": 293, "pdf_viewer_page": 307, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the Dangerwari stream, about a mile south-east of Magham, on the road between Sopúr and Shalúra.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.45, "source_longitude": 74.283333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 27'.\tLong. 74° 17'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ra. Village. A village situated on the left bank of the Dangerwari stream, about a mile south-east of Magham, on t" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": ", about a mile south-east of Magham, on the road between Sopúr and Shalúra." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ningil", "historical_name": "NINGIL", "modern_name": "Ningil", "pdf_page": 294, "pdf_viewer_page": 308, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A stream whose sources lie on the mountains which encompass the Gulmarg; it flows in a north-easterly direction, through a narrow valley in the Kruhin pargana, and discharges its waters into the Wular lake, lat. 34° 17', long. 74° 38', north-east of Sopūr. It is a shallow stream with a moderate current, and is probably fordable throughout its course; it is likewise bridged above the village of Shrakowār and at other places.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "NINGIL. Ningil. Village. A stream whose sources lie on the mountains which encompass the Gulmarg; i" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "am with a moderate current, and is probably fordable throughout its course; it is likewise bridged above the village o" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ninnar", "historical_name": "NINNAR", "modern_name": "Ninnar", "pdf_page": 294, "pdf_viewer_page": 308, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of the western branch of a canal which leaves the Veshau river near Tūrsan, and irrigates the southern portion of the Saremozebala pargana, flowing into the Veshau again, lat. 33° 49', long. 75° 7', just above its junction with the Rembiāra. The eastern branch of this canal is called Nandi. (Montgomerie).", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "niota", "historical_name": "NIOTA", "modern_name": "Niota", "pdf_page": 294, "pdf_viewer_page": 308, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Badrawā, situated on the left bank of the Nerū river, about 7 miles north-west of that town, on the road towards Doda. It contains about 20 houses inhabited by Hindūs. Below the village are the ruins of a bridge which crossed the Nerū.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.033333, "source_longitude": 75.683333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 2'. Long. 75° 41'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "town", "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "NIOTA. Niota. Town. A village in Badrawā, situated on the left bank of the Nerū river, about 7" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "A village in Badrawā, situated on the left bank of the Nerū river, about 7 miles north-west of that town, on the" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "indūs. Below the village are the ruins of a bridge which crossed the Nerū." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "out 7 miles north-west of that town, on the road towards Doda. It contains about 20 houses inhabited by Hindūs. Be" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "abited by Hindūs. Below the village are the ruins of a bridge which crossed the Nerū." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nirkot", "historical_name": "NIRKOT", "modern_name": "Nirkot", "pdf_page": 294, "pdf_viewer_page": 308, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in Sirāz, a district of Kishtwār, situated near the top of a spur above the right bank of the Lider Khol stream, almost opposite Bagd. It is inhabited by four Hindū families.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.183333, "source_longitude": 75.5, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 11'. Long. 75° 30'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Nirkote", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ated near the top of a spur above the right bank of the Lider Khol stream, almost opposite Bagd. It is inhabited b" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nohan", "historical_name": "NOHAN", "modern_name": "Nohan", "pdf_page": 294, "pdf_viewer_page": 308, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the Ardwin pargana, situated within a few yards of the left bank of the Veshau, about 9 miles south-east of Shupun by the direct path; there are some trees near the village suitable for encamping, but supplies are not very abundant. (Ince).", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.633333, "source_longitude": 74.933333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 38'. Long. 74° 56'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "na, situated within a few yards of the left bank of the Veshau, about 9 miles south-east of Shupun by the direct p" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "9 miles south-east of Shupun by the direct path; there are some trees near the village suitable for encamping, bu" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "noru", "historical_name": "NORU", "modern_name": "Noru", "pdf_page": 294, "pdf_viewer_page": 308, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The Norū canal leaves the left bank of the Jhelam immediately below Shadipūr, lat. 34° 11', long. 74° 43'; the channel is about 36 yards wide, and varies in depth according to the state of the river; there is a block of masonry in the middle of it, which is apparently the remains of an old bridge. The canal at first runs in a north-westerly direction, and after a few miles divides into two branches, the smaller of which turns south towards Patan, while the other continues straight on, and finally enters the southern portion of the Wular lake near Sopūr. When the water is high enough, this is the route always selected by the boatmen when passing between Srinagar and Baramūla, so that they may avoid going through the Wular, where, in the early part of the season, storms are very frequent, and often as sudden and violent as they are dangerous; it is also the shorter route.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Niru", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": ", which is apparently the remains of an old bridge. The canal at first runs in a north-westerly direction, and after" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "When the water is high enough, this is the route always selected by the boatmen when passing between Srinagar and" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "n the middle of it, which is apparently the remains of an old bridge. The canal at first runs in a north-westerly dir" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "noseri", "historical_name": "NOSERI", "modern_name": "Noseri", "pdf_page": 294, "pdf_viewer_page": 308, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Lachrāt district, situated near the left bank of the Kishen Ganga. It is divided on its west side by a considerable stream of clear water from the village of Nosadda, which lies on the opposite bank.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.4, "source_longitude": 73.75, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 24'. Long. 73° 45'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Mughal House Noseri", "no_match_score": 18, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "he Lachrāt district, situated near the left bank of the Kishen Ganga. It is divided on its west side by a consider" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nosudda", "historical_name": "NOSUDDA", "modern_name": "Nosudda", "pdf_page": 295, "pdf_viewer_page": 309, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Lachhrát district, situated on the left bank of a stream, vid via to Noser. These villages form the stage midway between Panchgram and Titwal, on the Mozafarabad road, and their names are usually coupled. Nosudda contains eight houses inhabited by zemindars.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.4, "source_longitude": 73.75, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 24'. Long. 73° 45'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the Lachhrát district, situated on the left bank of a stream, vid via to Noser. These villages form the stage midw" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": ", vid via to Noser. These villages form the stage midway between Panchgram and Titwal, on the Mozafarabad road, and" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nowana", "historical_name": "NOWANA", "modern_name": "Nowana", "pdf_page": 295, "pdf_viewer_page": 309, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated immediately below the junction of the Rembiára and the Veshau rivers. It lies on both banks of the stream, and there are the pillars for a bridge across the river on each side (Montgomerie).", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.816667, "source_longitude": 75.1, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 49'. Long. 75° 6'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Veshau rivers. It lies on both banks of the stream, and there are the pillars for a bridge across the river on each" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "the stream, and there are the pillars for a bridge across the river on each side (Montgomerie)." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nowbug", "historical_name": "NOWBUG", "modern_name": "Nowbugh", "pdf_page": 295, "pdf_viewer_page": 309, "latitude": 33.9509967, "longitude": 74.8388457, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9618543245553863465&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Nowbugh, Auwan Pora 191113. Score 72; review before marking final.", "blurb": "This village lies almost in the centre of the valley of the same name, on the slopes above the right bank of the stream. It is surrounded by a considerable amount of cultivation, and is supplied with water from two small springs on the west side, the Zuri Nág and the Nund Kishur Nág. There are two masjids in the village and the zíárat of Shah Abdúl Mujíd, which the villagers believe to have been erected 200 years ago on the death of the saint who is said to have come from Bagdad. The houses, about 22 in number, are somewhat scattered; they are built of timber, and have pent shingle roofs. The usual encamping ground is on the slope above the west side of the village; there is ample space, but a want of shade. There is a good path through the Halkar Galli, leading to Shángas, in the Kuthár pargana; it passes the villages of Hallan and Brairangam, and the distance is said to be 6 koss.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9618543245553863465&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.65, "source_longitude": 75.416667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 39'. Long. 75° 25'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJy6JYxO-M4TgRKYv43x7ue4U", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 72, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "serai", "religious_site", "pass", "river_or_lake", "spring", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "ber, and have pent shingle roofs. The usual encamping ground is on the slope above the west side of the village; there is ampl" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "n erected 200 years ago on the death of the saint who is said to have come from Bagdad. The houses, about 22 in num" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "de. There is a good path through the Halkar Galli, leading to Shángas, in the Kuthár pargana; it passes the village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "is village lies almost in the centre of the valley of the same name, on the slopes above the right bank of the strea" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": ", and is supplied with water from two small springs on the west side, the Zuri Nág and the Nund Kishur Nág. There are" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nowbug-nai", "historical_name": "NOWBUG NAI", "modern_name": "Nowbug Nai", "pdf_page": 295, "pdf_viewer_page": 309, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A long and narrow valley lying to the south-east of Kashmir; its general direction is nearly north and south. At the entrance to the valley from the Bring pargana it is very narrow, being not more than a quarter of a mile broad, but near Garrewel it widens considerably, and from that village, as far north almost as Gowran, it has an average breadth of over a mile, with a total length of about 8 miles. Numerous minor valleys open into its east and west sides. The pine-clad mountains with which it is encompassed are not of great elevation, except at the north end. The surface of the valley is undulating; towards the south it is bare and stony, but other portions are well cultivated, and the profusion of grass and trees gives it a beautiful park-like appearance. It is said to be one of the best grazing grounds in the country, and to enjoy a delightful climate. It contains numerous villages, with an exclusively Mohamedan population. The stream with which it is traversed takes its rise on the lofty mountains at the north end of the valley, and is joined at the southern end by a torrent of almost equal magnitude, which drains the mountains on the east side; the united waters flow through a narrow defile into the Bring river, of which they form the principal source.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Now Bugh", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "NAI. Nowbug Nai. Village. A long and narrow valley lying to the south-east of Kashmir; its general direction is near" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nowgam", "historical_name": "NOWGAM", "modern_name": "Nowgam", "pdf_page": 296, "pdf_viewer_page": 310, "latitude": 33.6724723, "longitude": 74.869281, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=17825550529849086401&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Nowgam 192303. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A flourishing village in the Shahabu valley, situated above the left bank of Sandran, about 2 miles south-east of Vernag. It lies upon high dry ground, and is surrounded by cultivation, but has comparatively few rice fields about it. There are about 15 double-storied houses in the village, which is shaded by some splendid trees, and supplied with water by a small stream from the hills.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=17825550529849086401&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.516667, "source_longitude": 75.3, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 31'. Long. 75° 18'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJF0kI8-P74TgRwVFuWcMTYfc", "finalized": false, "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "llage. A flourishing village in the Shahabu valley, situated above the left bank of Sandran, about 2 miles south-eas" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nunur", "historical_name": "NUNUR", "modern_name": "Nunur", "pdf_page": 296, "pdf_viewer_page": 310, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village surrounded with fruit trees, picturesquely situated at some little distance from the left bank of the Sind river, near its entrance into the valley of Kashmir. It lies in the midst of a well cultivated district, about 12 miles north of Srinagar, on the Dras road. Supplies are plentiful. (Vigne.—Allgood.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.25, "source_longitude": 74.833333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 15'. Long. 74° 50'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Niru", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "uated at some little distance from the left bank of the Sind river, near its entrance into the valley of Kashmir." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "out 12 miles north of Srinagar, on the Dras road. Supplies are plentiful. (Vigne.—Allgood.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nuraseri", "historical_name": "NURASERI", "modern_name": "Nuraseri", "pdf_page": 296, "pdf_viewer_page": 310, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated high up above the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, almost opposite the town of Kúri. It lies on the slopes of a spur which descends into the river very precipitously on the west side of the village. To the south there is a narrow gorge which is traversed by a torrent. The path towards Mozafarabad, which lies about 8 miles to the south-west by a rough and stony road, crosses this stream. The village contains the ziarat of Hassani Shah and about 16 houses. Among the inhabitants are two Syuds, two mochis, two carpenters, a potter, and a blacksmith. The thanadar, Chundur Marsing, is a Hindi; his authority extends from the village of Makri, in the neighbourhood of Mozafarabad, to Nosera-Nosadda, the next stage on the path towards Titwal. A little corn and rice are grown in the village, but the main portion of the latter cultivation lies far below the east side, on the bank of the Kishen Ganga. There are a few shady trees about the place, and the most convenient spot for encamping is by the masjid near the centre of the village. A rill which flows through the village furnishes an abundant supply of water, and there is also a spring. Supplies and coolies are obtainable.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.433333, "source_longitude": 73.566667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 26'. Long. 73° 34'.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "town", "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "spring", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "NURASERI. Nuraseri. Town. A village situated high up above the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, almost" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "osses this stream. The village contains the ziarat of Hassani Shah and about 16 houses. Among the inhabitants are tw" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": ". A village situated high up above the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, almost opposite the town of Kúri. It lies on" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "undant supply of water, and there is also a spring. Supplies and coolies are obtainable." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "gorge which is traversed by a torrent. The path towards Mozafarabad, which lies about 8 miles to the south-west b" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nur-galli", "historical_name": "NUR GALLI", "modern_name": "Nur Galli", "pdf_page": 296, "pdf_viewer_page": 310, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A pass over the water-shed between the valley of the Kishen Ganga and Hazára. It lies north-west of the small town of Kúri, and is crossed by a path leading to the village of Bala Kot in Khágán.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.516667, "source_longitude": 73.466667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 31'. Long. 73° 28'.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "town", "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "ri, and is crossed by a path leading to the village of Bala Kot in Khágán." }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "NUR GALLI. Nur Galli. Town. A pass over the water-shed between the valley o" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "own. A pass over the water-shed between the valley of the Kishen Ganga and Hazára. It lies north-west of the small t" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "the small town of Kúri, and is crossed by a path leading to the village of Bala Kot in Khágán." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nurpur", "historical_name": "NURPUR", "modern_name": "Nurpur", "pdf_page": 296, "pdf_viewer_page": 310, "latitude": 33.8065104, "longitude": 74.2236851, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Nurpur+Meadows/@33.8065104,74.2236851,785m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e1cb1419f7e1bf:0x5e4b9ac6fe8e78e5!8m2!3d33.8065104!4d74.22626!16s%2Fg%2F11kpztz3b9?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Nurpur, Himachal Pradesh 176202, India. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A pass over the Pansál range, between the district of Loran to the east of Punch, and the valley of Kashmir. The path crossing this pass is called Phawan. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Nurpur+Meadows/@33.8065104,74.2236851,785m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e1cb1419f7e1bf:0x5e4b9ac6fe8e78e5!8m2!3d33.8065104!4d74.22626!16s%2Fg%2F11kpztz3b9?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.8, "source_longitude": 74.5, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 48'. Long. 74° 30'. Elev. 13,610 feet.", "admin_status": "Pass / route", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJfwY-PbiCHDkRa5dH7xyaST8", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "pass", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "A pass over the Pansál range" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "The path crossing this pass is called Phawan" } ], "feature_notes": "Pass with a named path crossing it, indicating road_or_route included.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "nus", "historical_name": "NUS", "modern_name": "Nus", "pdf_page": 296, "pdf_viewer_page": 310, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village and ghat situated on the northern shore of the Wular lake, about 1½ miles to the south of Bandipúra. Boats may usually be obtained at this village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.416667, "source_longitude": 74.683333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 25'. Long. 74° 41'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "situated on the northern shore of the Wular lake, about 1½ miles to the south of Bandipúra. Boats may usually be o" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "NUS. Nus. Village. A small village and ghat situated on the northern shore of the Wular lake, about 1½ miles" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "pader", "historical_name": "PADER", "modern_name": "Paddar", "pdf_page": 297, "pdf_viewer_page": 311, "latitude": 33.2657541, "longitude": 76.1580852, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddar", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1033424042480060120&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 manual candidate batch: Historical Pader/Padar corresponds to the modern Paddar valley/subdivision in Kishtwar district, with Gulabgarh as its headquarters. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "The name of a very mountainous district at the north-east end of Kishtwár, lying on the right bank of the Chandra Bhágra river, on the borders of the hill state of Chamba. It is drained by the Bútna river and other minor streams.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1033424042480060120&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJJ7zotT88HTkR2EZf-rB1Vw4", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "mountain", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "mountain", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "The name of a very mountainous district" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "It is drained by the Bútna river and other minor streams" } ], "feature_notes": "Mountains area drained by rivers and streams.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "padri", "historical_name": "PADRI", "modern_name": "Padri Pass", "pdf_page": 297, "pdf_viewer_page": 311, "latitude": 32.9110087, "longitude": 75.8005142, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padri_Pass", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=85846989879725102&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual research: PADRI is a pass between Badrawar/Bhaderwah and Chamba; modern Padri Pass/Padri Top on the Bhaderwah-Chamba route matches.", "blurb": "A pass over the range lying between Badrawár and the hill states of Chamba, about 8 miles south-east of the town of Badrawár, which is crossed by the high road to Chamba. The pass is ascended from Badrawár by a long and steep acclivity, which lies for the most part along the valley of the Nerú stream; the road is very tolerable, but almost too steep for riding, and after rain it becomes very slippery. The hills on every side are covered with grass or densely wooded. The descent of the pass on the Chamba side is steep and bad, and far more tedious than the other side, being constantly alternated by steep and bad ascents; several rapids have likewise to be crossed. This pass is said to be closed during winter. (Hervey.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=85846989879725102", "source_latitude": 32.916667, "source_longitude": 75.833333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 55'. Long. 75° 50'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJvfB6LqL-HDkRLkzR6GH9MAE", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 92, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "pass" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "A pass over the range lying between Badrawár and the hill states of Chamba" } ], "feature_notes": "Described solely as a pass.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "paisan", "historical_name": "PAISAN", "modern_name": "Paisan", "pdf_page": 297, "pdf_viewer_page": 311, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village situated on the right bank of the Arpat river; it contains a masjid and the ziárat of Baba Subbúr Dhín, and six houses inhabited by zemindars.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.733333, "source_longitude": 75.366667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 44'. Long 75° 22'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "ight bank of the Arpat river; it contains a masjid and the ziárat of Baba Subbúr Dhín, and six houses inhabited by z" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "lage. A small village situated on the right bank of the Arpat river; it contains a masjid and the ziárat of Baba S" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "pajahoi", "historical_name": "PAJAHOI", "modern_name": "Pajahoi", "pdf_page": 297, "pdf_viewer_page": 311, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name given to a portion of the Maru Wardwan situated on the banks of the stream towards the north-east extremity of the valley; it forms the second stage on the road towards Súru, from the village of Súknis. There are no habitations in the place, but there is said to be a large rock capable of sheltering forty persons.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.066667, "source_longitude": 75.65, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 4'. Long. 75° 39'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "fort", "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "nd stage on the road towards Súru, from the village of Súknis. There are no habitations in the place, but there is sa" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "e Maru Wardwan situated on the banks of the stream towards the north-east extremity of the valley; it forms the seco" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "xtremity of the valley; it forms the second stage on the road towards Súru, from the village of Súknis. There are n" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "pakapura", "historical_name": "PAKAPURA", "modern_name": "Pakapura", "pdf_page": 297, "pdf_viewer_page": 311, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A compact village lying about 4 miles south of Chrár; it occupies a strong natural position on the top of a steep narrow ridge between two streams. There are about 25 houses in the village, most of the inhabitants being zemindars; among them are many Reshis, and two shop-keepers. This village contains the ziárat of Syud Mohamad Ali Gházi, which is surrounded by a garden enclosed with a wall. There are three tanks in the village for the supply of water when the stream fails during winter. The most convenient and shady spot for encamping is on the north side. An annual fair is held here towards the end of August, which lasts for 4 or 5 days; as many as 8,000 people are said to attend it.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.816667, "source_longitude": 74.8, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 49'. Long. 74° 48'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "garden", "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "two shop-keepers. This village contains the ziárat of Syud Mohamad Ali Gházi, which is surrounded by a garden enclos" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "Mohamad Ali Gházi, which is surrounded by a garden enclosed with a wall. There are three tanks in the village for th" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "tural position on the top of a steep narrow ridge between two streams. There are about 25 houses in the village, mo" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "he village for the supply of water when the stream fails during winter. The most convenient and shady spot for encam" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "pakote", "historical_name": "PAKOTE", "modern_name": "Pakote", "pdf_page": 297, "pdf_viewer_page": 311, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A stream which takes its rise on the slopes of the range forming the water-shed between Khágán and the valley of the Kishen Ganga; it flows in a southerly direction through a narrow valley, discharging its waters into the Kishen Ganga, lat. 34° 27', long. 73° 37', between the villages of Mandal and Draw. The Khágán valley may be reached by a path lying up the course of this stream; it is said to be a fair path, and practicable for cattle, but is little used, and is closed for about four months in winter.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "m which takes its rise on the slopes of the range forming the water-shed between Khágán and the valley of the Kishe" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "PAKOTE. Pakote. Village. A stream which takes its rise on the slopes of the range forming the water" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "Draw. The Khágán valley may be reached by a path lying up the course of this stream; it is said to be a fair path," } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "pal-pura", "historical_name": "PALÀPU'RA", "modern_name": "Palpora", "pdf_page": 298, "pdf_viewer_page": 312, "latitude": 34.0729068, "longitude": 74.841575, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9685211929508811019&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Palpora, Srinagar. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the Dangarwari stream, about 6 miles south-east of Shalúra, on the road towards Sopúr. It lies on the north side of a narrow valley, which is filled with rice cultivation. There are about six houses in the village, and a masjid which is situated under the shade of the trees by the side of the path. Palápúra, and the neighbouring village of Pahlidúj, are held in jagír by the family of Haibut Khán, the late Rajah of Kathai, a district lying on the right bank of the Jhelam, about midway between Baramúla and Mozafarábad. This family occupies three houses in the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9685211929508811019&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.45, "source_longitude": 74.233333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 27'. Long. 74° 14. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJx2PFr22P4TgRC5G_eO_IaIY", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "are about six houses in the village, and a masjid which is situated under the shade of the trees by the side of the" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ra. Village. A village situated on the left bank of the Dangarwari stream, about 6 miles south-east of Shalúra, on" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "about 6 miles south-east of Shalúra, on the road towards Sopúr. It lies on the north side of a narrow valley, whic" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "palasta", "historical_name": "PALASTA", "modern_name": "Palasta", "pdf_page": 298, "pdf_viewer_page": 312, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The ancient name of the river which flows into the Jhelam, lat. 33° 12', long. 73° 42'. (See PÓNCH TOL.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "PALASTA. Palasta. River / watercourse. The ancient name of the river which flows into the Jhelam, lat. 33° 12', long" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "palg-m", "historical_name": "PALGÁM", "modern_name": "Palgám", "pdf_page": 298, "pdf_viewer_page": 312, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A considerable village of log houses most romantically situated at the north end of the Lidar valley, between the junction of the streams which flow through the two defiles at the head of the valley. The inhabitants say that it formerly had as many as 150 or 200 houses; at present there are about 30. Cultivation does not extend up the valley much beyond the village of Palgám. Supplies are procurable, and there is ample space for encamping. The path leading to the cave of Amrnáth and the Shísha Nág lies up the defile to the east. The village of Súkúns, in the Maru Wardwan valley, may be reached from Palgam in two marches, the path lies across the mountains, and the half way place is Soniásur. (Vigne—Ince—Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.033333, "source_longitude": 75.383333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 2'. Long. 75° 23'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Pahalgam", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "town", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "PALGÁM. Palgám. Village. A considerable village of log houses most romantically situated at the north end of the" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ally situated at the north end of the Lidar valley, between the junction of the streams which flow through the two d" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "and there is ample space for encamping. The path leading to the cave of Amrnáth and the Shísha Nág lies up the def" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "palhallan", "historical_name": "PALHALLAN", "modern_name": "Palhalan", "pdf_page": 298, "pdf_viewer_page": 312, "latitude": 34.181261, "longitude": 74.5426665, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palhallan", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=4474745033229258783&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 candidate batch: Historical Palhallan is a large village at the foot of the table-land south-west of Kashmir valley near morass/Jhelam-Wular side; modern Palhallan preserves the name and Pattan-Baramulla setting. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A large village situated at the foot of the table-land on the south-west side of the valley of Kashmír, at the edge of an extensive morass, which stretches towards the Jhelam and the Wular lake. It contains four mahallas or districts, viz., Raopúr towards the north, Taintirpúr to the south-east, Kuttanpúr to the south-west, and Vidpúr to the west. These divisions are quite distinct from each other, and are, for the most part, surrounded by low mud walls, and shaded by masses of trees. The total population comprises 66 families of zemindars, 15 singers and dancers, 2 Hindú bunnias, 3 mullahs, 5 dúms, 2 carpenters, a blacksmith, 5 cowherds, an oil-presser, a washerman, a potter, 3 tailors, 2 mochís, 2 butchers, and 2 Pir Zadas. The table-land beneath which the village is situated is dry and scored with ravines; two old cedars, which grow at its edge, form a conspicuous landmark. Rice is extensively cultivated on the low lands around the village. There are said to be two springs in Palhallan; that called Suddurbul is situated at the entrance to the village on the south side, and is shaded by some splendid chunar and other trees. The usual encamping ground is on the north side of the Raopúr Mahalla, near the end of the canal, but the neighbourhood of the Suddurbul spring possesses many advantages. From May until August, when the waters are in flood, both large and small boats ply through the canals between Palhallan and Srinagar and Sopúr.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=4474745033229258783&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.183333, "source_longitude": 74.6, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 11'. Long. 74° 36'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJq4YZyaqh4TgRH9ASRuZ8GT4", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "serai", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "splendid chunar and other trees. The usual encamping ground is on the north side of the Raopúr Mahalla, near the end of the c" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "ter, 3 tailors, 2 mochís, 2 butchers, and 2 Pir Zadas. The table-land beneath which the village is situated is dr" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "he table-land on the south-west side of the valley of Kashmír, at the edge of an extensive morass, which stretches t" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "round the village. There are said to be two springs in Palhallan; that called Suddurbul is situated at the entrance t" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "palla", "historical_name": "PALLA", "modern_name": "Palla", "pdf_page": 299, "pdf_viewer_page": 313, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village in the Mozafarabad district, situated in a narrow valley above the right bank of the Kishen Ganga. The main portion of the village is built in a cluster on the hill side above the road, and consists of about 30 houses inhabited by zemindars of the Purchal and Kukkur castes, including two weavers, two mochis, a blacksmith, a carpenter, and a mulla. A part of the village lies below the path; this hamlet is called Kurshun, and contains 10 houses. There is a good deal of rice cultivation about this place, which is irrigated by a stream which flows down through the valley.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.45, "source_longitude": 73.633333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 27'. Long. 73° 38'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Mozafarabad district, situated in a narrow valley above the right bank of the Kishen Ganga. The main portion of the" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ilt in a cluster on the hill side above the road, and consists of about 30 houses inhabited by zemindars of the Pu" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "palpura", "historical_name": "PALPURA", "modern_name": "Palpora", "pdf_page": 299, "pdf_viewer_page": 313, "latitude": 34.0729068, "longitude": 74.841575, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9685211929508811019&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Palpora, Srinagar. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small hamlet situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, about 4 miles north-west of Srinagar. This place is supposed to be the Phalapura of the chronicles, founded by Lalitaditya in the eighth century. (Moorcroft.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9685211929508811019&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.116667, "source_longitude": 74.8, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 7'. Long. 74° 48'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJx2PFr22P4TgRC5G_eO_IaIY", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "PALPURA. Palpora. Gazetteer entry. A small hamlet situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, about 4 miles north-wes" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "entry. A small hamlet situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, about 4 miles north-west of Srinagar. This place i" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "lace is supposed to be the Phalapura of the chronicles, founded by Lalitaditya in the eighth century. (Moorcroft.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "pambarsar", "historical_name": "PAMBARSAR", "modern_name": "Pambarsar", "pdf_page": 299, "pdf_viewer_page": 313, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of the morass lying to the east of Patan, between the table-land and the bed of the Suknag river.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.166667, "source_longitude": 74.616667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 10' Long 74° 37 Elev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kashmir Avenue", "no_match_score": -3, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "pampur", "historical_name": "PAMPUR", "modern_name": "Pampore", "pdf_page": 299, "pdf_viewer_page": 313, "latitude": 34.02, "longitude": 74.93, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pampore", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=34.02,74.93", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web-researched strong candidate: Pampore. Wikipedia notes Pampore was originally Padmapura and locates it at 34.02, 74.93; source describes Pampur as a tehsil town on the Jhelam south-east of Srinagar.", "blurb": "A large town, the tehsil station of the Bihu pargana, situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, about 8 miles south-east of Srinagar; the passage by boat, however, occupies between six and seven hours. It is built in two strips which lie parallel to each other, and are divided towards the north by a morass, and on the south by a low hill; the town is further subdivided into three wards, viz., Sumbal, which stretches from the Gabi Bagh on the south side of the town as far as the bridge; Drangabal, which comprises the centre portion from the bridge to the Shoka Baba-ki-Ziarat; and Namibal, the northern portion, between the Maharajah's residence and the Nand Bagh. The Jhelam flows along the western half and by the north end of the eastern division; there are also numerous wells in the town. The houses are much dilapidated, and the general appearance of the town gives evidence of decay. There are some few red brick buildings, but most of the houses are constructed of sun-dried brick and timber. The streets are level and unpaved. Dr. Elmslie estimates the population of Pampur at 10,000, which would seem to be considerably in excess of the actual number of inhabitants, judged by the following list of families, which, though an approximation, is believed to be tolerably accurate:— 150 Zemindars. 30 Pandits, including patwaris, kardars, and shop-keepers. 15 Bunnias, Mohamedans. 40 Shia'bifs. 5 Ruffiqas. 5 Cloth sellers. 3 Butchers.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=34.02,74.93", "source_latitude": 34.016667, "source_longitude": 74.966667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 1'. Long. 74° 58'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "town", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "A large town, the tehsil station of the Bihu pargana" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "The Jhelam flows along the western half" } ], "feature_notes": "Town on the bank of the Jhelam river.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "pam", "historical_name": "PAM", "modern_name": "Pam", "pdf_page": 300, "pdf_viewer_page": 314, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The town contains a Jamma Masjid and four other masjids. Among the zíárats or shrines, those of Shoka Baba, Shai Hamdán, Syud Súd, Syud Niamat Ullah, and Nund Sahib are the most famed; the trellis-work in front of the first mentioned is well worthy of notice. The Maharajah's residence on the bank of the river at the north end of the town is an ugly, but capacious, red brick building. Below the town, on the banks of the Jhelam, is the Nand Bagh, the garden or grove of a famous fakír; it contains some splendid trees, and forms a convenient encamping ground. Beneath a chunar tree between it and the town, there is a lingam and some ancient carved stones, and at the south-west corner of the upper town, near the Shai Hamadán-ka-Makán, there are remains of a Hindu temple; the foundations of other such buildings may possibly be traced on the hill just south of it. The raised wall of the cemetery in front of the shrine of Shoka Baba seems to be built of the ruins of one of the ancient temples. Dr. Ince gives the following particulars regarding the log bridge which crosses the Jhelam at Pampúr:—Length 132 yards, breadth 14 feet, number of piers 4; average depth of water beneath 6½ feet. General Cunningham, however, states that the bridge is 325 feet long. The town is surrounded by an open down without trees, which commands a beautiful and extensive view of the valley of Kashmir. The table-land to the south is called the Sona Krund (golden basket) Wudar; it is almost entirely devoted to the cultivation of saffron, for which the town is famous. A root called mazel, used to produce the almond-coloured dye, is said to be found at Pampur; but most of it is imported from Ladak, where it is called Tsot. Pampur is supposed to be a corruption of Padmapúra, the town built during the reign of Vrhaspati (A.D. 804 to 816), by the King's uncle Padma. At the same time a shrine was dedicated to Mahádeva under the title of Padmaswámi, of which there now remain only two fluted pillars from the colonnade and the basement of the central edifice.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Pashmkaar - Pashmina Shawl in Kashmir", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "town", "serai", "religious_site", "garden", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "some splendid trees, and forms a convenient encamping ground. Beneath a chunar tree between it and the town, there is a lingam" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "PAM. Pam. Town. The town contains a Jamma Masjid and four other masjids. Among the zíárats or shrines, those of Sh" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "wn, on the banks of the Jhelam, is the Nand Bagh, the garden or grove of a famous fakír; it contains some splendid" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "of notice. The Maharajah's residence on the bank of the river at the north end of the town is an ugly, but capacio" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "the following particulars regarding the log bridge which crosses the Jhelam at Pampúr:—Length 132 yards, breadth 14" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "panchgram", "historical_name": "PANCHGRAM", "modern_name": "Punjgran / Panjgran", "pdf_page": 301, "pdf_viewer_page": 315, "latitude": 34.4455805, "longitude": 73.6099017, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Punjgran%20Waterfall%20Muzaffarabad&query_place_id=ChIJf3pXMB6Z4DgRdqiwNe1sVVM", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 candidate: Google Places finds Punjgran/Panjgran on the Muzaffarabad-Neelum road near the gazetteer Lachhrat/Titwal route context. Kept as review because the result is a waterfall/locality rather than a clean settlement record.", "blurb": "A village in the Lachrát district, situated midway on the path between Mozafarabad and Titwal. The houses, which number 12 in the lower portion of the village, and 18 in the upper, are much scattered. The rivulet, which flows down through the village from two ravines, dries in summer; when this occurs, water is obtained from the branch of the stream which flows below the west side of the village. When the rice crops are in the ground, the space available for encamping is very limited; the most convenient spot is near some houses in the centre of the village. Coolies and supplies are obtainable.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Punjgran%20Waterfall%20Muzaffarabad&query_place_id=ChIJf3pXMB6Z4DgRdqiwNe1sVVM", "source_latitude": 34.416667, "source_longitude": 73.65, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 25'. Long. 73° 39'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "review", "no_match_candidate": "Panchgram", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "s, water is obtained from the branch of the stream which flows below the west side of the village. When the rice cro" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "he Lachrát district, situated midway on the path between Mozafarabad and Titwal. The houses, which number 12 in th" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" }, "google_place_id": "ChIJf3pXMB6Z4DgRdqiwNe1sVVM" }, { "id": "panchip-ra", "historical_name": "PANCHIPÚRA", "modern_name": "Panchipúra", "pdf_page": 301, "pdf_viewer_page": 315, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a mountain in the range bounding the south-west side of the Matsil valley. On the hills between this mountain and Nachein on the north-west side of the Kuhlama pargana, there is some exceedingly fine pasturage. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.633333, "source_longitude": 74.45, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 38'. Long. 74° 27'.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Pashmkaar - Pashmina Shawl in Kashmir", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "etteer entry. The name of a mountain in the range bounding the south-west side of the Matsil valley. On the hills b" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "bounding the south-west side of the Matsil valley. On the hills between this mountain and Nachein on the north-west" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "p-ndrathan", "historical_name": "PÁNDRATHAN", "modern_name": "Pandrethan Shiva Temple", "pdf_page": 301, "pdf_viewer_page": 315, "latitude": 34.0564625, "longitude": 74.8582845, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandrethan_Shiva_Temple", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Ancient+Shiva+Temple/@34.0564625,74.8582845,783m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e18f25c1cb440b:0xf87745a763046d6a!8m2!3d34.0564625!4d74.8608594!16s%2Fg%2F11fmgw7smh?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research: source describes Pándrathan village and its old Hindu temple in a tank; mapped to Pandrethan Shiva Temple. Coordinates from Wikipedia; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small village situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, about 3 miles by road above Srinagar; by water the journey occupies nearly two and a half hours. It is divided into two mahallas or districts, the upper being inhabited by Mohamedans of the Súní sect, and the lower by Shíahs. The place is remarkable for a very old and interesting Hindú temple, standing in the middle of a tank, about 50 yards from the river bank, surrounded by a grove of willows and chunars. The tank is about 40 yards square, and in ordinary seasons 4 feet deep; it is filled with reeds growing in a bed of soft mud; the water is derived from small springs on its northern side.\n\nAccess to the interior is therefore a matter of some difficulty, which is unfortunate, since the domed roof is well worth inspection, being covered with sculpture of such purely classic design, that any uninitiated person who saw a copy of it on paper would at once take it for a sketch from a Greek or Roman original. The temple is 18 feet square, with a projecting portico on each side, and displays in a confused exuberance of decoration, more especially the repetition of pediment within pediment and trefoil within trefoil, clear indications of having been built at a later date than other existing ruins; it is probably the most modern example of the true Kashmír style extant.\n\nIt was erected during the reign of King Partha, who governed Kashmír from A. D. 913 to 921 by his prime minister, Meru, who dedicated it to Mahádeva under the title of Meru-varddhama-swamí. The ground about it was then occupied by the original city of Srinagar; the modern name of Pándrathan being a corruption of the Sanskrit Puránadhish-thána, i.e., \"the old capital.\" Dr.\n\nElmslie, however, supposes the name to be derived from Páṇḍu and Durendun, 'the father of the Páṇḍus.' The seat of government had been transferred to the present site by King Pravarasena II nearly 500 years before the foundation of this temple; but the old city was not entirely deserted until its destruction by fire in the reign of Abhimanyu, about the year A.D. 960. The conflagration was so violent that, excepting the temple, which was protected by the water about it, no other building escaped.\n\nThere are in the neighbourhood some few fragmentary remains, consisting of two large lingams, one 6 feet high, erect and entire, the other broken into three pieces, the lower part polygonal, the upper round with conical top, which together made up a height of 16 feet. Near these, which are separated from each other by a short interval, is a huge mass of stone, being the feet and legs, as high as the knees, of a colossal seated figure, probably a Buddhist image. At some little distance beyond this, an isolated crag has been cut, as it stood, into some sculptured form, apparently a Chaturmukhi, i.e., a square pillar with a figure on each face.\n\nBut the rock has been overthrown, broken into three pieces, and so defaced by the action of fire, that it is impossible to speak positively as to the original design. Of the three fragments, one, the base, is still attached to, and forms part of, the natural rock. Baron Hügel calls the Pandrathan edifice a \"Buddhist temple,\" and states that there are some well preserved Buddhist figures in the interior. But he is doubly mistaken, for the temple was dedicated to Mahádeva, and the figures in the inside have no connexion with Buddhism.\n\nTrebek, Moorcroft's companion, swam into the interior, and could discover no figures of any kind; but as the whole ceiling was formerly hidden by a coating of plaster, his statement was at that time perfectly correct. The object of erecting the temples in the midst of water was doubtless to place them more immediately under the protection of the Nágas, or human-bodied and snake-tailed gods, who were zealously worshipped for ages throughout Kashmír. (Moorcroft—Hügel—Vigne—Cunningham—Growse.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Ancient+Shiva+Temple/@34.0564625,74.8582845,783m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e18f25c1cb440b:0xf87745a763046d6a!8m2!3d34.0564625!4d74.8608594!16s%2Fg%2F11fmgw7smh?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 34.066667, "source_longitude": 74.916667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 4'. Long. 74° 55'.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "spring", "forest", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A small village situated on the right bank of the Jhelam" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "a very old and interesting Hindú temple" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "The tank is about 40 yards square... filled with reeds... water is derived from small springs" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "surrounded by a grove of willows and chunars" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "some few fragmentary remains, consisting of two large lingams... a huge mass of stone... an isolated crag has been cut, as it stood, into some sculptured form" } ], "feature_notes": "Village notable for an old Hindu temple on a spring-fed tank, surrounded by trees, with fragmentary archaeological remains.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "p-nduchak", "historical_name": "PÁNDUCHAK", "modern_name": "Pánduchak", "pdf_page": 302, "pdf_viewer_page": 316, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated at the extremity of the spur, on the right bank of the Jhelam, about five miles south-east of Srinagar. The abutments and two piers of a stone bridge are here visible, which, according to an inscription on a loose slab lying on the right bank, was built by Jehangir. (Cunningham—Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.033333, "source_longitude": 74.933333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 2'. Long. 74° 56'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Poonch View", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "at the extremity of the spur, on the right bank of the Jhelam, about five miles south-east of Srinagar. The abutm" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "gar. The abutments and two piers of a stone bridge are here visible, which, according to an inscription on a loose s" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "ge are here visible, which, according to an inscription on a loose slab lying on the right bank, was built by Jehangir. (" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "pang", "historical_name": "PANG", "modern_name": "Pang", "pdf_page": 302, "pdf_viewer_page": 316, "latitude": 33.5154068, "longitude": 73.9060287, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Pang+Piran+Central+Masjid/@33.5154068,73.9060287,1264m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m10!1m2!2m1!1spang!3m6!1s0x38e0216af99731db:0x2810f091001ce97f!8m2!3d33.5154602!4d73.9101335!15sCgRwYW5nkgEGbW9zcXVl4AEA!16s%2Fg%2F1hhh2yjrv?authuser=2&entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Naoshera, consisting of a few houses, situated on the slope of the hill, about half a mile east of Kotli.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Pang+Piran+Central+Masjid/@33.5154068,73.9060287,1264m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m10!1m2!2m1!1spang!3m6!1s0x38e0216af99731db:0x2810f091001ce97f!8m2!3d33.5154602!4d73.9101335!15sCgRwYW5nkgEGbW9zcXVl4AEA!16s%2Fg%2F1hhh2yjrv?authuser=2&entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.516667, "source_longitude": 73.95, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 31'. Long. 73° 57'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in Naoshera, consisting of a few houses" } ], "feature_notes": "Described simply as a village.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "panjtar", "historical_name": "PANJTAR", "modern_name": "Panjtar", "pdf_page": 302, "pdf_viewer_page": 316, "latitude": 34.2219807, "longitude": 72.519619, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=5683929697553303046&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Panjtar, Pakistan. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "The name of a stream which rises on the eastern slopes of the Injina ridge, and forms one of the sources of the Tala river, a tributary of the Polru. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=5683929697553303046&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJHQJ2yfXt3jgRBkb19vFf4U4", "finalized": false, "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "pass" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "h rises on the eastern slopes of the Injina ridge, and forms one of the sources of the Tala river, a tributary of t" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "panjtarni", "historical_name": "PANJTARNI", "modern_name": "Panjtarni", "pdf_page": 302, "pdf_viewer_page": 316, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of the collection of streams which drain the mountain valley near the Amarnáth cave; they take their rise in the Koun Nag, lat. 33° 8', long. 75° 32', and in the glaciers lying between the Lidar and Sind valleys. These streams are at first fordable, and flow in separate channels through a grassy valley between the snowy mountains; but, near the foot of Amrāth, they concentrate into an impetuous and impassable torrent, which forces its way through a narrow defile communicating with the Sind valley, and, being joined by a tributary from the south-west, it effects a junction with the head waters of the Sind river at Baltal, at the eastern extremity of the valley. Throughout its course through this gorge the torrent is generally roofed with snow, and when this covering is complete, a passage between the Lidar and Sind valleys is easily effected, but late in the season, when the snowy bridge has in places melted, it is a matter of great difficulty to reach Baltal from the Panjtarni valley. The track lies mostly on the right bank of the torrent, and in places some hundreds of feet above it.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Panjtarni Heli Pad", "no_match_score": 38, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "spring", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "náth cave; they take their rise in the Koun Nag, lat. 33° 8', long. 75° 32', and in the glaciers lying between th" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "nd Sind valleys. These streams are at first fordable, and flow in separate channels through a grassy valley between th" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "reach Baltal from the Panjtarni valley. The track lies mostly on the right bank of the torrent, and in places some" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "pansal", "historical_name": "PANSAL", "modern_name": "Pansal", "pdf_page": 303, "pdf_viewer_page": 317, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of the lofty range of mountains with which the valley of Kashmīr is encompassed.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Pass / route", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Pir Panjal Range", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "admin_status: Pass / route" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the lofty range of mountains with which the valley of Kashmīr is encompassed." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "PANSAL. Pansal. Pass / route. The name of the lofty range of mountains with which the valley o" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "panzgram", "historical_name": "PANZGRAM", "modern_name": "Panzgam", "pdf_page": 303, "pdf_viewer_page": 317, "latitude": 33.8449318, "longitude": 75.0285646, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9045585604000518638&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Panzgam 192124. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A large village in the Uttar pargana, lying at the foot of the plateau, about 2 miles west of Shaldrā. It is shaded by some magnificent trees, and contains a masjid and hamāmāna and the ziarat of Ded Maji. The population comprises 40 families of zemindars, 2 mūllās, 2 dūms, a mochi, a carpenter, and a blacksmith. Corn is cultivated on the table-land above the village, and rice on the plain below it.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9045585604000518638&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.483333, "source_longitude": 75.116667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 29'. Long. 75° 7'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJp1bVcCUc4jgR7pHWZy5giH0", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "d by some magnificent trees, and contains a masjid and hamāmāna and the ziarat of Ded Maji. The population comprises" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "panzut", "historical_name": "PANZUT", "modern_name": "Panzut", "pdf_page": 303, "pdf_viewer_page": 317, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated at the north-west end of the Shahabad pargana. Near it is a spring which is very deep, and has rocks and weeds visible at the bottom; and there is a tradition of a boatman, an experienced swimmer, having dived into it, and never having risen again. Close to it is another spring; and near it, in the open plain, is an accidental mass of shingly conglomerate, 5 or 6 feet thick, which appears to have been rolled there by some extraordinary force, rather than to be the remnant of a larger bed deposited on the spot, as no formation of the kind is known to exist within a considerable distance of it. A canal formed for the purpose of irrigation conveys the waters of the Panzut spring over the Byhama nallah to a junction with the Sandran river (Vigne).", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.616667, "source_longitude": 75.216667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 37'. Long. 75° 13'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ist within a considerable distance of it. A canal formed for the purpose of irrigation conveys the waters of the Pa" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "t end of the Shahabad pargana. Near it is a spring which is very deep, and has rocks and weeds visible at the bottom" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "papaharan", "historical_name": "PAPAHARAN", "modern_name": "Papaharan", "pdf_page": 303, "pdf_viewer_page": 317, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Kaurpara pargana, said to contain 3 families of Kashmīris and a Pandit. It lies on the Shaikūl canal, at the north end of the path leading into the Kuthār pargana by the Metsū galli.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.8, "source_longitude": 75.316667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 48'. Long. 75° 19'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "eading into the Kuthār pargana by the Metsū galli." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "hmīris and a Pandit. It lies on the Shaikūl canal, at the north end of the path leading into the Kuthār pargana by" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "the Shaikūl canal, at the north end of the path leading into the Kuthār pargana by the Metsū galli." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "paran", "historical_name": "PARAN", "modern_name": "Paran", "pdf_page": 303, "pdf_viewer_page": 317, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "There are two Brahmin villages of this name in the province of Jamū, situated close to one another, about 3 miles south-west of Krimchi, on the road towards Jamū.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.6, "source_longitude": 75.116667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 36'. Long. 75° 7'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kashmir praan (پران)", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "PARAN. Paran. Village. There are two Brahmin villages of this name in the province of Jamū, situated close to" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "about 3 miles south-west of Krimchi, on the road towards Jamū." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "paranu", "historical_name": "PARANU", "modern_name": "Paranu", "pdf_page": 303, "pdf_viewer_page": 317, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the province of Badrawār, situated on the left bank of the Nerū, about 16 miles north-west of the town of Badrawār, on the road towards Doda. It contains about 7 houses, and a mixed population of Hindús and Mahomedans. The poppy is extensively cultivated in the neighbourhood of this village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.1, "source_longitude": 75.633333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 6'. Long. 75° 38'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "town", "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "PARANU. Paranu. Town. A small village in the province of Badrawār, situated on the left bank of the Ner" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "province of Badrawār, situated on the left bank of the Nerū, about 16 miles north-west of the town of Badrawār, o" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "north-west of the town of Badrawār, on the road towards Doda. It contains about 7 houses, and a mixed population" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "parri", "historical_name": "PARRI", "modern_name": "Parri", "pdf_page": 304, "pdf_viewer_page": 318, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Lower Drawar, situated on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, opposite Chak. It stands on the sloping bank of the river, and is surrounded with rice cultivation, which is irrigated by a small stream. The village contains a masjid and 12 houses, 9 of which are inhabited by Paharis and 3 by Kashmiris. The large house by the river's edge used to be the residence of Yar Alli Khán, a son-in-law of Rajah Shere Ahmad, of Karnao.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.583333, "source_longitude": 73.933333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 35'. Long. 73° 56'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Pari Mahal", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "d by a small stream. The village contains a masjid and 12 houses, 9 of which are inhabited by Paharis and 3 by Kashm" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "llage in Lower Drawar, situated on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, opposite Chak. It stands on the sloping bank" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "parimpura", "historical_name": "PARIMPURA", "modern_name": "Parimpora", "pdf_page": 304, "pdf_viewer_page": 318, "latitude": 34.1043304, "longitude": 74.759309, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=6931508628829697817&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 candidate batch: Historical Parimpura is just north-east of Srinagar on the road toward Patan and Baramulla; modern Parimpora/Parim Pora in Srinagar preserves the name and route setting. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, just north-east of Srinagar, on the road towards Patan and Baramúla. It contains a masjid, and 15 families of zemindars, a faquir, and a dún. The city custom-house is situated to the east of the village, on the bank of the river.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=6931508628829697817&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.1, "source_longitude": 74.8, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 6'. Long. 74° 48'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJX6Vm2cGa4TgRGffyil-qMWA", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "city", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "city", "quote": "lies of zemindars, a faquir, and a dún. The city custom-house is situated to the east of the village, on the bank" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "d towards Patan and Baramúla. It contains a masjid, and 15 families of zemindars, a faquir, and a dún. The city cust" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ra. Village. A village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, just north-east of Srinagar, on the road towards P" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "Jhelam, just north-east of Srinagar, on the road towards Patan and Baramúla. It contains a masjid, and 15 families" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "parsachia", "historical_name": "PARSACHIA", "modern_name": "Parsachia", "pdf_page": 304, "pdf_viewer_page": 318, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Mozafarrabad district, which extends for a considerable distance along the hill side, above the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, about 2 miles north-east of Kúri. The inhabitants number 18 families of zemindars, and also 4 Syuds, who live in the lower part of the village, which is called Harrah, and is quite separated from the upper part; it lies on the path by the bank of the Kishen Ganga, and is surrounded with rice cultivation. Rajahs Futteh Mohamed Khán and Wali Mohamed Khán, who are related to the Rajahs or Nawabs of Kúri, reside in this village, occupying, with their retainers, it is said, 12 houses.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.433333, "source_longitude": 73.566667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 26'. Long. 73° 34'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "stance along the hill side, above the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, about 2 miles north-east of Kúri. The inhabi" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "parated from the upper part; it lies on the path by the bank of the Kishen Ganga, and is surrounded with rice cult" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "partal", "historical_name": "PARTAL", "modern_name": "Partal", "pdf_page": 304, "pdf_viewer_page": 318, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name given to the slopes on the south side of the Gúlgárh pass, about 24 miles north of the fort. It is a resort for shepherds, and forms a convenient encamping ground. (Montgomerie).", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.45, "source_longitude": 74.933333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 27'. Long. 74° 56'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Pari Mahal", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "fort", "serai", "pass" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "esort for shepherds, and forms a convenient encamping ground. (Montgomerie)." }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "the slopes on the south side of the Gúlgárh pass, about 24 miles north of the fort. It is a resort for shepherds," } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "parungli", "historical_name": "PARUNGLI", "modern_name": "Parungli", "pdf_page": 304, "pdf_viewer_page": 318, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village about 4 koss north-east of Basaoli, in the province of Jamú. It consists of about 20 houses situated on the high lands, a little distance from the right bank of the Rávi.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.55, "source_longitude": 75.883333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 33'. Long. 75° 53'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Pari Mahal", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "igh lands, a little distance from the right bank of the Rávi." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "pastuni", "historical_name": "PASTUNI", "modern_name": "Pastuni", "pdf_page": 304, "pdf_viewer_page": 318, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village in the Wúllar pargana, situated on the west side of the valley. It contains two masjids and the ziarat of Reshi Sahib; there is also a filature in the village. The inhabitants number 25 families of zemindars, a múnia, mochi, dún, a blacksmith, and a carpenter. The stream which flows down through the valley is bridged between this village and Wangárh. A road leading to the village of Luddu and Pampúr lies over the northern end of the Wastarwan mountain; it is described as being good and practicable for cattle, but, as it is very little shorter than the level path by Awantipúr, it is but little used.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.983333, "source_longitude": 75.116667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 59'. Long. 75° 7'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "the valley. It contains two masjids and the ziarat of Reshi Sahib; there is also a filature in the village. The inha" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "r pargana, situated on the west side of the valley. It contains two masjids and the ziarat of Reshi Sahib; there is" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "bridged between this village and Wangárh. A road leading to the village of Luddu and Pampúr lies over the northern" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "patan", "historical_name": "PATAN", "modern_name": "Pattan", "pdf_page": 305, "pdf_viewer_page": 319, "latitude": 34.16, "longitude": 74.556, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattan", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=11956250202463105042&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Pattan 193121. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A large village lying at the foot of the table-land on the south side of the valley of Kashmír, by the edge of the Pambarsar morass. It is distant about 17 miles north-west of Srinagar, and 14 miles south-east of Baramúla, and lies on the high road between those towns. Early in summer, when the waters are in flood, there is likewise water communication with these places through the canals which traverse the extensive morass extending to the bank of the Jhelam and the Wular lake. There is ample space for encamping at the foot of the wandur, on the west side of the village, under the shade of some magnificent chunar trees, and in the neighbourhood of two small springs.\n\nThe population of Patan now numbers about 40 families of zemindars, 3 múllás, 4 horse-dealers, 3 cow-keepers, 4 bunnías, a Pandit, who is the patwari, and a krimkush (rearer of silk-worms). There is a large government stable in the village, and a filature is now building. The hamlet of Gasípura, situated in a shady delf at the foot of the table-land on the north side of the village, is exclusively inhabited by a few families of Pir Zadas. When the valley of Kashmír was partitioned into parganas in the time of the emperor Akbar, the village of Patan was forgotten.\n\nOn dewan Todamul discovering the mistake, he ordered it to be constituted the 34th pargana by itself, to be called the Patan pargana; it now forms a zillah in the Kamráj division of the valley. The ancient name of this place was Sankarpúra; it is supposed to have acquired its present appellation of Patan, or the pass, either from being the centre of the thoroughfare which connects the two ends of the valley, or as standing at the head of a small canal which led straight into the upper stream of the Jhelam.\n\nIt is now only during a very few weeks in the year, when the rivers are flooded by the sudden melting of the snows, that this passage is navigable, and no doubt the uncertainty of communication was the cause that contributed most to the rapid abandonment of Sankara Varmma's foundation, for it is recorded in the Rájáh Tarangini that Sankara Varmma, who succeeded Avanti Varmma and reigned from A.D. 883 to 901, in conjunction with his queen, Sugandhá, dedicated to Mahádeva, under the titles of Sankara Gauresa and Sugandhesvara, two temples at his new capital of Sankra-pura.\n\nThis town is identified with the modern Patan, where, beside the highway of the south-east side of the village, two stately temples are still standing. Each is a simple cella; but in the larger one, the projection of the closed porches at the sides is so considerable that they form deep niches, or rather shallow chambers, in each of which was once a lingam. In both the architecture is of the same character as at Martánd, and of equal excellence.\n\nHere and there the carving is as sharp and fresh as if executed yesterday, but there are many ominous cracks in the walls, and, if the forest trees which have taken root in these crevices are allowed to remain and spread, the destruction of both buildings is imminent. By the way side to the north of the village near the hamlet of Gasípura are two very curious stone pillars which the natives call Gúmat, and believe to have been mortals who for their misdeeds suffered a fate similar to that which befell Lot's wife. These pillars are, however, nothing more than the miniature models of temples which occur here and there throughout the", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=11956250202463105042", "source_latitude": 34.166667, "source_longitude": 74.6, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 10'. Long. 74° 36'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "Continuation not found in next page top_continuation.", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJVbdS7OSh4TgREnCBUzYi7aU", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "forest", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A large village lying at the foot of the table-land" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "two stately temples are still standing" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "under the shade of some magnificent chunar trees" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "in the neighbourhood of two small springs" } ], "feature_notes": "Village with ancient temples (religious sites), near chunar trees (forest) and small springs.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "patgamp-r", "historical_name": "PATGAMPŪR", "modern_name": "Patgampūr", "pdf_page": 306, "pdf_viewer_page": 320, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, just above Awantipūr. From this village Pá Yech may be reached by an excellent path crossing the Naonagar wudar; the distance is about 5 miles.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.916667, "source_longitude": 75.033333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 55'. Long. 75° 2'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Padgampora", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "llage. A small village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, just above Awantipūr. From this village Pá Yech ma" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "lage Pá Yech may be reached by an excellent path crossing the Naonagar wudar; the distance is about 5 miles." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "pat-ka", "historical_name": "PATĪKA", "modern_name": "Patikka", "pdf_page": 306, "pdf_viewer_page": 320, "latitude": 34.4527373, "longitude": 73.5491062, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=6467848327569770140&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Patikka. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A scattered hamlet in the Mozafarabad district, containing five houses, situated some little distance from the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, about 2 miles east of Nūrāseri, on the road towards Panchgram. There are a few trees about the place with rice and corn cultivation, and also a little cotton.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=6467848327569770140&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.433333, "source_longitude": 73.6, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 26'. Long. 73° 36'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJnUlZnvqh4DgRnIbmKclpwlk", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "forest" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A scattered hamlet... containing five houses" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "There are a few trees about the place" } ], "feature_notes": "Hamlet with some trees nearby.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "p-yech-or-p-yer", "historical_name": "PÁ YECH or PÁ YER", "modern_name": "Pá Yech Or Pá Yer", "pdf_page": 306, "pdf_viewer_page": 320, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the Shiráz pargana, situated on the banks of a stream at the foot of the west side and towards the southern extremity of the elevated table-land called the Nonagar wudar or karewa; it lies about 11 miles south of Pampúr by a good road, and about the same distance north-east of Shupian, but is most easily reached by a path from the village of Patgram, which lies on the left bank of the Jhelam, just above Awantipúr. This road passes by the village of Molakpúra, and crosses the Nonagar wudar, the distance being between 4 and 5 miles. There is a masjid in the village, and about 10 houses inhabited by Mohamedan zemindars. The ziarát of Shaikh Bairzíd Shimnági is situated on the side of the wudar above the village. On the south side of this village, situated in a small green space near the bank of the stream, surrounded by a few walnut and willow trees, is an ancient temple which in intrinsic beauty and elegance of outline is superior to all the existing remains in Kashmir of similar dimensions. Its excellent preservation may probably be explained by its retired situation at the foot of the high table-land which separates it by an interval of 5 or 6 miles from the bank of the Jhelam, and by the marvellous solidity of its construction. The cella, which is 8 feet square, and has an open doorway on each of the four sides, is composed of only ten stones, the four corners being each a single stone, the sculptured tympanums over the doorways four others, while two more compose the pyramid roof, the lower of these being an enormous mass 8 feet square by 4 feet in height. It has been ascribed by General Cunningham, on grounds which in the absence of any positive authority either way may be taken as adequate, to King Narendraditya, who reigned from A. D. 483 to 490. The sculptures over the doorways are coarsely executed, in comparison with the artistic finish of the purely architectural details, and are much defaced, but apparently represent Brahma, Vishnu, Siva, and the goddess Durgá. The building is said to be dedicated to Vishnu as Sûrya or the sun god. Inside the cupola is radiated so as to represent the sun, and at each corner of the square the space intervening between the angle and the line of the circle is filled up with a gin or attendant who seems to be sporting at the edge of his rays. It will be observed that the roof has been partly displaced, which is said to have been the result of an attempt made by the Patáns to take it down and remove it to the city. The interior is still occupied by a large stone lingam, and from the water-drain and the bulls carved on the small pilasters of the doorways it is evident that this was the original intention. (Vigne.—Growse).", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.866667, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 52'. Long. 75°. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "city", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "city", "quote": "Patáns to take it down and remove it to the city. The interior is still occupied by a large stone lingam, and from" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "nce being between 4 and 5 miles. There is a masjid in the village, and about 10 houses inhabited by Mohamedan zemind" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Shiráz pargana, situated on the banks of a stream at the foot of the west side and towards the southern extremity o" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "es about 11 miles south of Pampúr by a good road, and about the same distance north-east of Shupian, but is most e" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "ded by a few walnut and willow trees, is an ancient temple which in intrinsic beauty and elegance of outline is super" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "azilpura", "historical_name": "AZILPURA", "modern_name": "Azilpura", "pdf_page": 307, "pdf_viewer_page": 321, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated at the north end of the Machhipúra pargana, which, with Kralpur, Bur Mohumm, and Matergháma, form a small district called Matergháma. (Montgomerie).", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.466667, "source_longitude": 74.216667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 28'. Long. 74° 13'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Shalimar Garden", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "pazilpura", "historical_name": "PAZILPURA", "modern_name": "Pazwalpura", "pdf_page": 307, "pdf_viewer_page": 321, "latitude": 34.1523089, "longitude": 74.8704498, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9166912149520788380&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Pazwalpura, Srinagar. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, just above the town of Bij Behára. On the bank is a small ziárat shaded by a clump of fine trees, the village itself lying a little distance from the river.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9166912149520788380&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.783333, "source_longitude": 75.15, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 47'. Long. 75° 9'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJFxZ65iaE4TgRnCtmFwhqN38", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "town", "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "PAZILPURA. Pazwalpura. Town. A village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, just above the town of B" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "town of Bij Behára. On the bank is a small ziárat shaded by a clump of fine trees, the village itself lying a littl" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "lpura. Town. A village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, just above the town of Bij Behára. On the bank is" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "peliasa-or-beliasa", "historical_name": "PELIASA or BELIASA", "modern_name": "Peliasa Or Beliasa", "pdf_page": 307, "pdf_viewer_page": 321, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A district of Kathi, situated on the right bank of the Jhelam river, between Baramúla and Mozafarabad.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "pendku", "historical_name": "PENDKU", "modern_name": "Pendku", "pdf_page": 307, "pdf_viewer_page": 321, "latitude": 33.0895549, "longitude": 75.6185501, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Pendku+182221/@33.0895549,75.6185501,1583m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x391da92af61c66a9:0xf22185da31504604!8m2!3d33.0897861!4d75.6222636!16s%2Fg%2F12hkm36lh?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 4: Historical Pendku is in Badrawar/Bhaderwah above the Neru river near Dranap; existing Pendku candidate in the same Bhaderwah-Neru cluster retained.", "blurb": "A village in Badrawár, situated on the slopes of the mountain above the right bank of the Nerú river, which is bridged at a spot between it and Dranap; it contains 20 houses inhabited by Hindús.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Pendku+182221/@33.0895549,75.6185501,1583m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x391da92af61c66a9:0xf22185da31504604!8m2!3d33.0897861!4d75.6222636!16s%2Fg%2F12hkm36lh?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.15, "source_longitude": 75.716667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 9'. Long. 75° 43'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJqWYc9iqpHTkRBEZQMdqFIfI", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 92, "features": [ "village", "mountain", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in Badrawár" }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "Situated on the slopes of the mountain" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "above the right bank of the Nerú river" } ], "feature_notes": "Pendku is described as a village located on mountain slopes and near a river bank.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "perist-n", "historical_name": "PERISTÁN", "modern_name": "Peristán", "pdf_page": 307, "pdf_viewer_page": 321, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a narrow valley lying at the south-east end of the Banihál district. Its general direction is east and west; the range of mountains on the south side is of considerable elevation, and the slopes are covered with forest; on the north the hills are not so high, and are bare and stony. This valley contains no large villages, but there are numerous hamlets, and a considerable amount of cultivation. The Peristán stream, which drains it, takes its rise on the slopes of the lofty mountains at the north-east end of the valley, and flowing in a westerly direction, unites with the Sunderi or Pogal stream, above its junction with the Bichlári. The banks are for the most part precipitous, especially on the north side. It is bridged just west of the village of Chiuli, and is fordable a little distance above it, and, also, it is believed, in other places. The path from Kishtwár to Kashmír, by the Nand Marg pass, crosses the Peristán valley; it is used early in the season before the Brari Bal route becomes practicable.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kashmir", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "Its general direction is east and west; the range of mountains on the south side is of considerable elevation, and" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ÁN. Peristán. Village. The name of a narrow valley lying at the south-east end of the Banihál district. Its general" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "just west of the village of Chiuli, and is fordable a little distance above it, and, also, it is believed, in other p" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "also, it is believed, in other places. The path from Kishtwár to Kashmír, by the Nand Marg pass, crosses the Peri" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "perist-n-2", "historical_name": "PERISTÁN", "modern_name": "Peristán", "pdf_page": 307, "pdf_viewer_page": 321, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in a valley of the same name, forming part of the Banihál district; it is situated on the top of a spur above the west side of the village of Hálan. The inhabitants number two families of Hindú zemindars and a Mohamedan blacksmith. Peristán lies on the road from Kishtwár to Kashmír by the Nandmarg pass.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.233333, "source_longitude": 75.366667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 14'. Long. 75° 22'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kashmir", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ad from Kishtwár to Kashmír by the Nandmarg pass." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ÁN. Peristán. Village. A small village in a valley of the same name, forming part of the Banihál district; it is sit" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "Mohamedan blacksmith. Peristán lies on the road from Kishtwár to Kashmír by the Nandmarg pass." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "pet-dusar", "historical_name": "PET DUSAR", "modern_name": "Pet Dusar", "pdf_page": 307, "pdf_viewer_page": 321, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Diosur pargana, prettily situated in the midst of fine chunar trees at the foot of the low hills which slope down from the Pansál range, at the southern extremity of the valley of Kashmír. (Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.633333, "source_longitude": 75.133333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 38'. Long. 75° 8'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kashmir Pets", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "of the low hills which slope down from the Pansál range, at the southern extremity of the valley of Kashmír. (Ince." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "sál range, at the southern extremity of the valley of Kashmír. (Ince.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "phajip-ra", "historical_name": "PHAJIPŪRA", "modern_name": "Phajipūra", "pdf_page": 308, "pdf_viewer_page": 322, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Dansu pargana, situated on the path between Chrār and Zainagam; it contains five houses, and is surrounded with rice cultivation.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.95, "source_longitude": 74.683333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 57'. Long. 74° 41'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Love Pahalgam View point", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "llage in the Dansu pargana, situated on the path between Chrār and Zainagam; it contains five houses, and is surro" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "phak", "historical_name": "PHAK", "modern_name": "Phak", "pdf_page": 308, "pdf_viewer_page": 322, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a pargana in the Shahir-i-Khas zillah of the Mīrāji division; it comprises the district lying at the foot of the mountains to the north of Srinagar. The tehsīl station is at Batapūr.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "Defaulted to village because no explicit feature evidence was found." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "phalaka", "historical_name": "PHALAKA", "modern_name": "Phalaka", "pdf_page": 308, "pdf_viewer_page": 322, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Lower Drawar, situated on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga river; it contains a masjid and the zīarat of Syud Sahib, and 26 houses inhabited by Mohamedans of the Jagran caste, and also one or two Kashmīrī families; among the inhabitants are a blacksmith and a carpenter.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.466667, "source_longitude": 73.866667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 28'. Long. 73° 52'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "nk of the Kishen Ganga river; it contains a masjid and the zīarat of Syud Sahib, and 26 houses inhabited by Mohameda" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "llage in Lower Drawar, situated on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga river; it contains a masjid and the zīarat of" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "phillana", "historical_name": "PHILLANA", "modern_name": "Phaliana", "pdf_page": 308, "pdf_viewer_page": 322, "latitude": 33.3424701, "longitude": 74.3254985, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Phaliana%20Rajouri&query_place_id=ChIJvx0Ov-MxHjkRF0_1f9_D3IE", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 candidate: Phaliana is a strong spelling-survival candidate for Phillana, matching the Rajouri/Naoshera road context in the source.", "blurb": "A village in the province of Naoshera, situated on the hill side above the right bank of the Tawi, about 2 miles south of Rajaori, on the road towards Naoshera.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Phaliana%20Rajouri&query_place_id=ChIJvx0Ov-MxHjkRF0_1f9_D3IE", "source_latitude": 33.35, "source_longitude": 74.366667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 21'. Long. 74° 22'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in the province of Naoshera, situated on the hill side" } ], "feature_notes": "Village located on hillside.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" }, "google_place_id": "ChIJvx0Ov-MxHjkRF0_1f9_D3IE" }, { "id": "phorwan", "historical_name": "PHORWAN", "modern_name": "Phorwan", "pdf_page": 308, "pdf_viewer_page": 322, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "There is only one house in this place, which is inhabited by a Mohamedan zemindar, who is also a blacksmith; it is situated on the hill side, about 3 miles north-west of Doda.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.166667, "source_longitude": 75.55, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 10'. Long. 75° 33'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Warwan Valley", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "Defaulted to village because no explicit feature evidence was found." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "pias", "historical_name": "PIAS", "modern_name": "Pias", "pdf_page": 308, "pdf_viewer_page": 322, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "An insignificant village in the province of Kishtwār, consisting of six or eight poor houses; it lies just above the left bank of the Chandra Bhāga, about 21 miles east of Kishtwār, on the road towards Lahaul. Neither coolies nor supplies are procurable. (Allgood.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.333333, "source_longitude": 76.016667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 20'. Long. 76° 1'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "PIA Park Murree", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ht poor houses; it lies just above the left bank of the Chandra Bhāga, about 21 miles east of Kishtwār, on the roa" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ga, about 21 miles east of Kishtwār, on the road towards Lahaul. Neither coolies nor supplies are procurable. (All" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "pil-r", "historical_name": "PILĀRŪ", "modern_name": "Pilārū", "pdf_page": 308, "pdf_viewer_page": 322, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "There are four houses on a cultivated strip of land on the right bank of the Rāvi, opposite Sandara (in Chamba territory). The river is here fordable throughout the year, except when the snows are melting.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.533333, "source_longitude": 75.9, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 32'. Long. 75° 54'. Elev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kashmir Waterfall Picnic point Dullai", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "village", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "Pilārū. River / watercourse. There are four houses on a cultivated strip of land on the right bank of the Rāvi, oppo" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "ra (in Chamba territory). The river is here fordable throughout the year, except when the snows are melting." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "pind", "historical_name": "PIND", "modern_name": "Pind", "pdf_page": 308, "pdf_viewer_page": 322, "latitude": 33.2836339, "longitude": 73.7733768, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Jamia+Masjid/@33.2836339,73.7733768,1580m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x391fe64378d01917:0x5375edfcf82f1e56!8m2!3d33.2851805!4d73.7767943!16s%2Fg%2F11sscsc1m8?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This place is situated above the east side of the path between Chownuk and Mirpūr. It is said to be divided into 12 mahallas or districts, and to contain a large population.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Jamia+Masjid/@33.2836339,73.7733768,1580m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x391fe64378d01917:0x5375edfcf82f1e56!8m2!3d33.2851805!4d73.7767943!16s%2Fg%2F11sscsc1m8?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.283333, "source_longitude": 73.8, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 17'. Long. 73° 48'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "It is said to be divided into 12 mahallas or districts, and to contain a large population." } ], "feature_notes": "Although not explicitly called a village, the division into mahallas and a large population indicate a settlement; no mention of town or city, so classified as village.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "pinj-ra", "historical_name": "PINJŪRA", "modern_name": "Pinjura", "pdf_page": 308, "pdf_viewer_page": 322, "latitude": 33.7316373, "longitude": 74.8469889, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Pinjoora+shopian/@33.7316373,74.8469889,3143m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e1fbd26544cd61:0x65f6a28c58b1b7e7!8m2!3d33.732763!4d74.861247!16s%2Fg%2F11s5jwrfyw?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 candidate batch: Historical Pinjura is about two miles north-east of Shupian and associated with the 1814 action; modern Pinjura near Shopian preserves the name and approximate location. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A village situated about 2 miles north-east of Shupian. In A. D. 1814 an action was fought on the Pinjūra plain between the Sikhs and Patāns, in which the former were defeated; the Patān general, however, was among the slain. (Vigne.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Pinjoora+shopian/@33.7316373,74.8469889,3143m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e1fbd26544cd61:0x65f6a28c58b1b7e7!8m2!3d33.732763!4d74.861247!16s%2Fg%2F11s5jwrfyw?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.733333, "source_longitude": 74.9, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 44'. Long. 74° 54'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJCwUBwhH64TgR11xfzYaTe3E", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village situated about 2 miles north-east of Shupian" } ], "feature_notes": "Village near historical battle site.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "piparran", "historical_name": "PIPARRAN", "modern_name": "Piparran", "pdf_page": 308, "pdf_viewer_page": 322, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a conspicuous and lofty mountain in Kishtwār, lying to the north of Doda and to the west of the town of Kishtwār. Its summit is round and sloping, and for the greater part of the year covered with snow.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.283333, "source_longitude": 75.633333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 17'. Long. 75° 38'. Elev. 13,374 feet.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "KEPRA Pashmina Shawls", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "town" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "piran", "historical_name": "PIRAN", "modern_name": "Piran", "pdf_page": 308, "pdf_viewer_page": 322, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, about 8 miles south-west of Baramūla by a good road. (Allgood.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.183333, "source_longitude": 74.283333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 11'. Long. 74° 17'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "lage. A small village situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, about 8 miles south-west of Baramūla by a good roa" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ut 8 miles south-west of Baramūla by a good road. (Allgood.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "pir-ka-makan", "historical_name": "PIR KA MAKAN", "modern_name": "Pir Ka Makan", "pdf_page": 308, "pdf_viewer_page": 322, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the right bank of the Kamil river, at the south-east extremity of the Uttar pargana. In the Maharajah's records it is entered as forming part of the neighbouring village of Jagerpúr. (Montgomerie).", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.45, "source_longitude": 74.316667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 27'. Long. 74° 19'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Pir Panjal of Kashmir", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "PIR KA MAKAN. Pir Ka Makan. Village. A village situated on the right" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "n. Village. A village situated on the right bank of the Kamil river, at the south-east extremity of the Uttar parg" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "pir-panj-l", "historical_name": "PIR PANJÁL", "modern_name": "Pir Panjal Pass / Peer Ki Gali", "pdf_page": 309, "pdf_viewer_page": 323, "latitude": 33.629931, "longitude": 74.519968, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pir_Panjal_Pass", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=33.629931,74.519968", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research: source describes the old Mughal-road pass over the Panjal range; mapped to Pir Panjal Pass / Peer Ki Gali. Coordinates from Wikipedia; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A pass lying over the Panjál range, which is crossed by the old Moghul road between Poshiana and Alliabad Serai. Europeans, however, frequently use the name to denote the whole chain of mountains enclosing the valley of Kashmír on the south-west side. The highest peaks in this part of the range exceed 15,000 feet, and their summits are generally covered with snow. The geological formation of the range is chiefly of amygdaloid trap; in the south, south-east, and south-west, however, the surface in some places is composed of limestone, containing marine fossils, and Vigne noticed belemnites and small shells.\n\nBaron Hügel says clay and mica schist are found on the west side of the Pir Panjál up to its summit, and simple pieces of hornblende are lying about. Captain Montgomerie, R.E., when conducting the survey operations, remarked that on the Pir Panjál peaks the electricity was so troublesome, even when there was no storm, that it was found necessary to carry a portable lightning-conductor for the protection of the theodolite. The summit of the Pir Panjál pass, which has an elevation of 11,400 feet, is distant about 6 miles east of Poshiana and 5 miles south-west of Alliabad Serai.\n\nThe ascent of the pass on the west side, although steep, is tolerably smooth and wide; on the east side it lies over a sloping grassy plain, about half a mile wide; on the west side of the pass there are two stone huts, called Chedikána and Rásikund, built in the time of the Moghuls as refuges for travellers during storms, and an octagonal stone tower, loop-holed on all sides, crowns the summit. Near this tower are some huts, one of which is occupied by a fakír during the summer months, and hard by is the grave of a Mohamedan fakír, named Pir Panjál, from whom the pass takes its name.\n\nThe Pir Panjál pass is closed for about three and a half months, and opens for foot passengers about the middle of April, and if the weather be fine for horses, about a month later.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pir_Panjal_Pass", "source_latitude": 33.633333, "source_longitude": 74.566667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 38'. Long. 74° 34'. Elev. 11,400 feet.", "admin_status": "Serai / rest house", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "pass", "fort", "serai", "religious_site", "mountain" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "A pass lying over the Panjál range" }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "the old Moghul road between Poshiana and Alliabad Serai. Europeans... the whole chain of mountains" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "an octagonal stone tower, loop-holed on all sides, crowns the summit" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "two stone huts, called Chedikána and Rásikund, built in the time of the Moghuls as refuges for travellers" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "the grave of a Mohamedan fakír, named Pir Panjál, from whom the pass takes its name" } ], "feature_notes": "Central is the mountain pass with associated fort (tower), serai huts, and a religious grave site.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "podalla", "historical_name": "PODALLA", "modern_name": "Podalla", "pdf_page": 309, "pdf_viewer_page": 323, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of the spur which trends in an easterly direction from the Injúma ridge, at the south-west end of the Uttar pargana. (Montgomerie).", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.433333, "source_longitude": 74.1, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 26'. Long. 74° 6'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "pass" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ds in an easterly direction from the Injúma ridge, at the south-west end of the Uttar pargana. (Montgomerie)." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "pogal", "historical_name": "POGAL", "modern_name": "Pogal", "pdf_page": 309, "pdf_viewer_page": 323, "latitude": 33.3573843, "longitude": 75.2772462, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogal_Paristan", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=17840549546349887571&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 5: Historical Pogal is the valley at the south-east end of Banihal drained by the Sundari/Pogal stream; modern Pogal-Paristan preserves the same valley name and geography. Wikipedia link added.", "blurb": "The name of a valley lying towards the south-east end of the Banihál district; it is drained by the Sunderí or Pogal stream, which takes its rise on the southern slopes of the Nandmarg mountain, and flows in a south-westerly direction to a junction with the Peristán stream, a tributary of the Bíchlírái river.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=17840549546349887571&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.333333, "source_longitude": 75.333333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 20'. Long. 75° 20'. Elev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJGeuTzonrHTkRUwDxA0pdlvc", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 96, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "mountain", "forest" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "it is drained by the Sunderí or Pogal stream" }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "rises on the southern slopes of the Nandmarg mountain" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "The valley lying towards the south-east end of the Banihál district; the valley and hills are wooded." } ], "feature_notes": "The entry describes a valley drained by a stream (river/stream primary), rising on a mountain slope, in a forested area.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "pohru", "historical_name": "POHRU", "modern_name": "Pohru River", "pdf_page": 309, "pdf_viewer_page": 323, "latitude": 34.3761963, "longitude": 74.3750586, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohru_River", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=16725455204098133088&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-04 candidate batch: Historical Pohru is the river draining the north end of Kashmir valley; modern Pohru River is the same hydrological feature. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "This river, which is mentioned by Moorcroft as the Lalakoal, is a collection of nearly all the streams which drain the north end of the valley of Kashmír. It is formed by the junction of the Kamil with the Lahlwal, or Loláb stream, near the village of Mogulpúr, from whence it flows in a southerly direction, finding its way through a gap scarcely 800 yards wide in the range of hills between the Uttar and Machhpípúra parganas; it then takes a more easterly course, and empties itself into the Jhelam, lat. 34° 16', long. 74° 28', immediately above the village of Dabgao, about 3 miles south-west of Sopúr. Its principal tributaries flow in by the right bank, and comprise the Dangerwari and Tala streams and the Marwar river. The Pohrú is about 75 yards wide at its mouth, and varies in depth according to the season. In the early part of the year it is a fine river, and navigable for the larger description of passenger boats as far as Awutkúla, a village situated on its left bank, about 20 hours' journey by boat from Dabgao. About half-way from Dabgao the river becomes narrow and rapid by passing for about 200 or 300 yards between rocks, where its bed is very rough with large boulders, and the stream is so strong that it is usually necessary to obtain assistance from the adjoining villages to pull the boats through the rapids. There are several villages and groves along the banks of the river, and the scenery, especially in the latter half of the journey, is very pretty. About 4 or 5 miles below Awutkúla, the river turns to the east, and after passing through the gap in the low range of hills, it becomes narrower, but deep, slow, and smooth; and its banks, which are high and sloping, are covered with various kinds of shrubs and trees. (Moorcroft—Vigne—Luce.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=16725455204098133088&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJRa_oPz0b4TgRYEz6kuTAHOg", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 72, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "village", "forest" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "This river... is a collection of nearly all the streams which drain the north end of the valley of Kashmír" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "There are several villages and groves along the banks of the river" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "its banks... are covered with various kinds of shrubs and trees" } ], "feature_notes": "Primary feature is the river; villages and wooded groves are along its banks but the entry is centered on the river itself.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "pohrup-t", "historical_name": "POHRUPÉT", "modern_name": "Pohrupét", "pdf_page": 310, "pdf_viewer_page": 324, "latitude": 34.3986266, "longitude": 74.3220545, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Pohrupeth+193302/@34.3986266,74.3220545,1569m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e11b3c92b22eb7:0x95845f8999c7cc3a!8m2!3d34.3916519!4d74.3481846!16s%2Fg%2F11ts_075j1?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village shaded by trees, situated on the right bank of the Pohrú river, about 3 miles south-east of Chogal. It is said to contain about 100 houses.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Pohrupeth+193302/@34.3986266,74.3220545,1569m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e11b3c92b22eb7:0x95845f8999c7cc3a!8m2!3d34.3916519!4d74.3481846!16s%2Fg%2F11ts_075j1?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 31.4, "source_longitude": 74.383333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 31° 24'. Long. 74° 23'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "forest" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A large village shaded by trees, situated on the right bank of the Pohrú river" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "on the right bank of the Pohrú river" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "shaded by trees" } ], "feature_notes": "Village described with surrounding trees and adjacent river.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "poni", "historical_name": "PONI", "modern_name": "Pouni", "pdf_page": 310, "pdf_viewer_page": 324, "latitude": 33.0916004, "longitude": 74.6956622, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=15943984382538877411&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Pouni 185203. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A large village in Naoshera, situated in a wide and fertile valley at the foot of a sandstone ridge, about 15 miles north of Akúrú. This valley lies north and south, and is not many hundred feet above the level of the Panjáb. Supplies of all sorts are plentiful. (Allgood.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=15943984382538877411&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.083333, "source_longitude": 74.733333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 5'. Long. 74° 44'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJrb2MziJpHjkR4wmbMVJpRN0", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "d fertile valley at the foot of a sandstone ridge, about 15 miles north of Akúrú. This valley lies north and south," }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "in Naoshera, situated in a wide and fertile valley at the foot of a sandstone ridge, about 15 miles north of Akúrú." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "porosp-r", "historical_name": "POROSPÚR", "modern_name": "Porospúr", "pdf_page": 310, "pdf_viewer_page": 324, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a pargana in the Pátan zillah of the Kamrāj division of Kashmír. It comprises a swampy district situated near the centre of the valley north-west of Srinagar. Kowsa is the chief place in the pargana.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "py district situated near the centre of the valley north-west of Srinagar. Kowsa is the chief place in the pargana." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "poshi-na", "historical_name": "POSHIÁNA", "modern_name": "Poshiana", "pdf_page": 310, "pdf_viewer_page": 324, "latitude": 33.63818, "longitude": 74.4935913, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=15356232994557040209&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Poshiana 185121. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village situated about 30 miles north-east of Rajaoir, on the west side of the Pir Panjál pass; it lies on the side of a narrow glen high above the right bank of the Chitta Pani stream. It contains about 50 flat-roofed cottages built of wood and plaster, arranged in terraces, the roofs resting against the bank, by which means they are in some measure protected from the effects of snow storms. The village lies considerably beneath the limit of forest, but there are very few trees near it.\n\nThe green slope on the side of which it is built, and whose summit is 700 or 800 feet above it, affords a pasturage for sheep and goats; but the extent of cultivation is nearly confined to turnips; and Poshiána owes its existence entirely to its situation on the highway to Kashmír, on which, or on the plains, it is dependent for supplies of grain. There is an old and ruined serai a little above the left of the road, and within a few hundred yards of the village. Poshiána is deserted by its inhabitants during the winter months, when it is enveloped in snow. This village does not afford much accommodation for the traveller, it being usual to pitch tents on the flat roofs of the houses.\n\nSome space might perhaps be found above the west side of the village. In summer, supplies are procurable and rich grass is plentiful, but water is somewhat scarce. From Poshiana two paths lead over the Pansál range into Kashmír, viz., the high road which crosses the Pir Panjál pass, and a foot-path by the Chitta Pani pass; this latter route is impracticable for laden animals.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=15356232994557040209&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.633333, "source_longitude": 74.533333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 38' Long. 74° 32'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Serai / rest house", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJ6xwh7IXb4TgRUZa0OIxMHNU", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "serai", "mountain" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village situated about 30 miles north-east of Rajaoir" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "There is an old and ruined serai a little above the left of the road, and within a few hundred yards of the village" }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "on the west side of the Pir Panjál pass" } ], "feature_notes": "Village near the Pir Panjál pass with an old ruined serai nearby.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "poshkar", "historical_name": "POSHKAR", "modern_name": "Poshker", "pdf_page": 311, "pdf_viewer_page": 325, "latitude": 33.9818093, "longitude": 74.4913936, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2066750535156744389&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Poshker 193411. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A wooded hill situated on the western edge of the valley of Kashmír, between Firozpúr and Kág. Vigne calls this the highest of all the isolated hills within the valley. The path usually taken between Kág and Firozpúr passes round the north side of this hill, but there is said to be a shorter but rougher way through the glen to the south.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2066750535156744389&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.033333, "source_longitude": 74.55, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 2'. Long. 74° 33'. Elev. 8,837 feet.", "admin_status": "Pass / route", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJB-cr3Iy74TgRxcBdX6mSrhw", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "admin_status: Pass / route" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ed hill situated on the western edge of the valley of Kashmír, between Firozpúr and Kág. Vigne calls this the highes" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "POSHKAR. Poshker. Pass / route. A wooded hill situated on the western edge of the valley of Kash" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "poshkar-2", "historical_name": "POSHKAR", "modern_name": "Poshker", "pdf_page": 311, "pdf_viewer_page": 325, "latitude": 33.9818093, "longitude": 74.4913936, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2066750535156744389&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Poshker 193411. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village situated at the foot of the hill of the same name on its east side; it lies on the path between Kág and Firozpúr. There are about 10 houses in the village, inhabited by zemindars, among whom are some Pir Zadas and weavers.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2066750535156744389&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.033333, "source_longitude": 74.55, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 2'. Long. 74° 33'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJB-cr3Iy74TgRxcBdX6mSrhw", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "inhabited by zemindars, among whom are some Pir Zadas and weavers." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "same name on its east side; it lies on the path between Kág and Firozpúr. There are about 10 houses in the villag" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "pota", "historical_name": "POTA", "modern_name": "Pota", "pdf_page": 311, "pdf_viewer_page": 325, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "There is only one house in this place, which is on the left bank of the Púnch Toi river, about 7 miles north of Chowmuk.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.333333, "source_longitude": 73.8, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 20'. Long. 73° 48'. Elev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "poti", "historical_name": "POTI", "modern_name": "Poti", "pdf_page": 311, "pdf_viewer_page": 325, "latitude": 33.1231811, "longitude": 73.7733438, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Pothi/@33.1231811,73.7733438,13.74z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x391feb73c33cfc2d:0x5e34b4ae3e659d62!8m2!3d33.114765!4d73.7652333!16s%2Fg%2F11g6wc8cg9?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Naoshera, lying on the slopes of the ridge, about 7 miles south of Mirpúr, to the west of the road to the Gatiala ferry. It contains about 80 houses, and is held in jagír by Rajah Sultán Khán.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Pothi/@33.1231811,73.7733438,13.74z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x391feb73c33cfc2d:0x5e34b4ae3e659d62!8m2!3d33.114765!4d73.7652333!16s%2Fg%2F11g6wc8cg9?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.116667, "source_longitude": 73.8, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 7'. Long. 73° 48'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village", "mountain" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in Naoshera" }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "lying on the slopes of the ridge" } ], "feature_notes": "Village located on the slopes of a ridge (mountainous terrain).", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "potshai", "historical_name": "POTSHAI", "modern_name": "Potshai", "pdf_page": 311, "pdf_viewer_page": 325, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the Khuhímha pargana, situated near the northern shore of the Wular lake, about 3 miles west of Bandipúr, on the road towards Sopúr.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.416667, "source_longitude": 75.466667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 25'. Long. 74° 88'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Poshnaar", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "tuated near the northern shore of the Wular lake, about 3 miles west of Bandipúr, on the road towards Sopúr." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ake, about 3 miles west of Bandipúr, on the road towards Sopúr." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "p-d", "historical_name": "PÚD", "modern_name": "Púd", "pdf_page": 311, "pdf_viewer_page": 325, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Basoli district, situated about 13 miles north of that town, on the road towards Badrawár. The village, which contains about 25 houses, is situated on elevated ground at the foot of the higher range of hills. Supplies are with difficulty procurable, and in the dry season water has to be brought from some distance. here crossed by a narrow kadal bridge; it lies about 15 miles north-east of Púnch, on the path leading towards the Tosha Maidán, Núrpúr, and Sang Sofed passes. The village contains about 18 houses in all, inhabited by Mohamedan Kashmiri zemindars. Some little rice is grown in the village, but this cultivation does not extend further up the valley.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.6, "source_longitude": 75.85, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 36'. Long. 75° 51'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "town", "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "PÚD. Púd. Town. A village in the Basoli district, situated about 13 miles north of that tow" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "n elevated ground at the foot of the higher range of hills. Supplies are with difficulty procurable, and in the dry" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "cultivation does not extend further up the valley." }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "rom some distance. here crossed by a narrow kadal bridge; it lies about 15 miles north-east of Púnch, on the path l" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "d about 13 miles north of that town, on the road towards Badrawár. The village, which contains about 25 houses, is" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "pul-k", "historical_name": "PULÁK", "modern_name": "Pulák", "pdf_page": 311, "pdf_viewer_page": 325, "latitude": 33.3365281, "longitude": 73.7531757, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Palak/@33.3365281,73.7531757,3754m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x391fe6ad5a54d407:0x876aff667a2a7cd1!8m2!3d33.3391876!4d73.7590145!16s%2Fg%2F11xfz74tj?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village situated near the left bank of the Púnch Toi river, about 12 miles north-west of Mirpúr, on the direct path towards Kotli. The village, which is divided into four mahallas, is situated in a narrow valley at the foot of the hills, which is bisected by a low spur. The inhabitants are all Mahomedans, and number about 60 families of zemindars, including a blacksmith, a carpenter, and a potter. Provisions are procurable; the main supply of water is drawn from a brackish well, but excellent water may be obtained from the river, which flows at some little distance to the west. There is said also to be a baoli of pure water in the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Palak/@33.3365281,73.7531757,3754m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x391fe6ad5a54d407:0x876aff667a2a7cd1!8m2!3d33.3391876!4d73.7590145!16s%2Fg%2F11xfz74tj?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.333333, "source_longitude": 73.8, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 20'. Long. 73° 48'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "mountain", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A large village situated near the left bank of the Púnch Toi river" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "main supply of water is drawn from a brackish well, but excellent water may be obtained from the river" }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "situated in a narrow valley at the foot of the hills" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "There is said also to be a baoli of pure water in the village" } ], "feature_notes": "Village near river, in valley foothills with a baoli (stepwell or spring) present.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "pulara", "historical_name": "PULARA", "modern_name": "Pulara", "pdf_page": 311, "pdf_viewer_page": 325, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This village is situated on both banks of the Dali Nar stream, which is here crossed by a narrow kadal bridge; it lies about 15 miles north-east of Púnch, on the path leading towards the Tosha Maidán, Núrpúr, and Sang Sofed passes. The village contains about 18 houses in all, inhabited by Mohamedan Kashmiri zemindars. Some little rice is grown in the village, but this cultivation does not extend further up the valley.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.816667, "source_longitude": 74.333333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 49'. Long. 74° 20'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "e is situated on both banks of the Dali Nar stream, which is here crossed by a narrow kadal bridge; it lies about 15" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "r stream, which is here crossed by a narrow kadal bridge; it lies about 15 miles north-east of Púnch, on the path l" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "about 15 miles north-east of Púnch, on the path leading towards the Tosha Maidán, Núrpúr, and Sang Sofed passes." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "p-nch", "historical_name": "PÚNCH", "modern_name": "Púnch", "pdf_page": 312, "pdf_viewer_page": 326, "latitude": 33.7703, "longitude": 74.0925, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poonch_(town)", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?sca_esv=cb596a67502e2f5f&rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS1170US1188&biw=1512&bih=792&output=search&q=punch+city&source=lnms&fbs=ADc_l-aN0CWEZBOHjofHoaMMDiKpaEWjvZ2Py1XXV8d8KvlI3j2nXl-YQ05KjnWz5SrU93HEjYyChsjChlPh8hoCFXOKz3uUYzsDRFnytNUktkxdjlqHg-zw8PVCE0H1H8_U3u0N3vhYj1YK4H__iMMvgM5Kw7McuqqPBvd5v5UtGSP8aweak9wXfk7GEcezbrP28gxA9fgfZnC4ggvjminaSA32Vpi_5A&entry=mc&ved=1t:200715&ictx=111", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This tributary province, which comprises the dominions of the Rajah Moti Singh, is situated to the south-west of the valley of Kashmir. It is bounded on the north by the valley of the Jhelam, on the south by the district of Naoshera, on the east by the Pansál range, and on the west by the river Jhelam and the British district of Rawal Pindi. The province is divided into 5 tehsils, viz., Mandi, Sūran, Maindah, Purradutukyol, and Bágh. In its general aspect the district is throughout very mountainous, the ranges to the north and east being of considerable elevation.\n\nThe valley of the Púnch Toi or Palasta river, in which is situated the capital, is of considerable extent, with an average width of about 1 mile; it is enclosed by low and beautifully wooded hills, and produces abundant crops of rice. The climate of the lower valleys is somewhat humid, and is said at times to be malarious; that of the upper slopes and mountains is cool and healthy. Iron is known to exist in considerable quantities, and is mined near the village of Batalkot, in the Loran pargana, on the western slopes of the Pansál range. Rice is grown in considerable quantities, also makai, kannak, jao, and dall, and the grazing lands being extensive, ghi is produced in large quantities.\n\nThe hills are generally clothed with forest, and there is no scarcity of timber. Woollens and blankets are manufactured, but not greatly in excess of the wants of the inhabitants, the trade of the valley being principally confined to the importation of goods from the Panjáb for disposal to Kashmiri merchants. The high road from the Panjáb to Srinagar by way of the Sūran valley and the Haji Pir pass lies through Púnch; though involving a considerable detour, it possesses the advantage of being practicable at all seasons of the year. There are said to be three direct routes to Mari, and the Panjáb may likewise be reached by way of the Púnch Toi river and the numerous ferries on the Jhelam.\n\nIn addition to the high road through Baramúla, there are numerous passes leading directly from Púnch into the Kashmir valley, of these the Nilkanta, Fīrozpūr, Zamir, Toshamaidán, and Sang Sofed are most used. The present Rajah Moti Singh is the second son of Dhian Singh, elder brother of Goláb Singh, and consequently a cousin of the present Maharajah of Kashmir. His heir, Buldeo Singh, is a child of some 8 years of age. The Vazir, Mía Goláb Singh, is uncle to the Rajah Moti Singh. The Rajah's courts have jurisdiction in all petty cases; serious crimes are referred for trial to the chief court at Srinagar.\n\nThe revenue derived from the province, when originally vested in the present reigning family, was estimated at about 60,000 Nanakshahi rupees annually; but the assessment having been increased, it is now stated to yield 75,000 rupees per annum; from this sum a yearly tribute is paid to the Maharajah of Kashmír. The land revenue is levied both in cash and in kind, but is principally paid in money. The Rajah of Púnch is said to possess a battery of guns, and maintains a standing army of about 1,200 men; of these, half garrison the capital, the other half being scattered among the different tehsils and engaged in the collection of the revenue.\n\nThis force can be largely supplemented by calling in the discharged sepoys and government pensioners, the greater number of whom are in the prime of life; they are required to attend at two muster parades annually, fully armed and accoutred, the cavalry bringing their horses. Each man is at the same time expected to make a nazzar or offering of ghi or grain. Púnch was originally one of the small independent hill states, but was annexed by Goláb Singh, who slew the Rajah and exposed his head and that of his nephew in an iron cage.\n\nWhen Ranjit Singh attempted his unsuccessful invasion of Kashmír by the Tosha Maidan pass in 1814, Rahúla Khán, the then Rajah of Púnch, openly allied himself with Azún Khán, the governor, and the city was burnt by the Sikhs in their disastrous retreat.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?sca_esv=cb596a67502e2f5f&rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS1170US1188&biw=1512&bih=792&output=search&q=punch+city&source=lnms&fbs=ADc_l-aN0CWEZBOHjofHoaMMDiKpaEWjvZ2Py1XXV8d8KvlI3j2nXl-YQ05KjnWz5SrU93HEjYyChsjChlPh8hoCFXOKz3uUYzsDRFnytNUktkxdjlqHg-zw8PVCE0H1H8_U3u0N3vhYj1YK4H__iMMvgM5Kw7McuqqPBvd5v5UtGSP8aweak9wXfk7GEcezbrP28gxA9fgfZnC4ggvjminaSA32Vpi_5A&entry=mc&ved=1t:200715&ictx=111", "source_latitude": 33.583333, "source_longitude": 73.583333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 35' and 34°. Long. 73° 35' and 74° 30'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village", "mountain", "forest", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "The valley of the Púnch Toi or Palasta river, in which is situated the capital" }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "very mountainous, the ranges to the north and east being of considerable elevation" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "The hills are generally clothed with forest" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "bounded on the west by the river Jhelam" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "The high road from the Panjáb to Srinagar" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "the numerous ferries on the Jhelam" } ], "feature_notes": "Entry describes a large province with multiple geographic features, primary feature is a region/village with those features present; main settlement is a village. Features mentioned in the valley itself or immediately associated.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" }, "google_place_id": "ChIJT11eOWCAhYAR_z3tvyd03G0" }, { "id": "p-nch-2", "historical_name": "PÚNCH", "modern_name": "Poonch", "pdf_page": 313, "pdf_viewer_page": 327, "latitude": 33.7703, "longitude": 74.0925, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poonch_(town)", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=Poonch%20town%2C%20Jammu%20and%20Kashmir", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual research: PUNCH/PUNCH is modern Poonch town, district headquarters. Coordinates corrected to the town coordinates rather than the earlier displaced candidate.", "blurb": "The principal town in the dominions of the Rajah Moti Singh is situated on sloping ground towards the northern side of a long open valley; it lies above the right bank of the Púnch Toi, in the angle formed by the junction of the Bitarh, about a mile distant from either river. Both the Bitarh and Púnch Toi are unbridged; the former is fordable throughout the year, except on the occasion of floods; the latter during the winter months only; for the remainder of the year a ferry boat plies. Púnch lies about half-way between Bhimber and Srinagar, on the high road by the Sírán valley and Haji Pir pass, being distant about 86 miles from the former town and 88 from the latter; by the direct routes to Srinagar crossing the Firozpúr or Tosha Maidan passes it is considerably less. Kotli is distant about 29 miles, and may be reached by two roads, viz., that following the bank of the Púnch Toi, or, crossing the Sona and Nandheri gallis, by way of Mankot. The general shape of the town is oblong, its greatest length being from east to west; it is not surrounded by either wall or ditch. The streets are narrow, that in the middle of the town, which is the principal thoroughfare, being lined with shops on either side. There are about 750 houses in the town, which are generally single-storied, flat mud roofs. On the open space east of the town and between it and the sepoys' lines, a durbar hall, a substantial brick building, is now approaching completion; it stands on the southern side of the road; to the north is another large edifice, the magazine, containing ammunition and military stores; there is also a serai in course of erection. The prison, which is near the cantonment, is said to accommodate about 200 prisoners, 80 being criminals, and the rest debtors. There is a government garden in the lower portion of the town, and near it two madrasas or colleges for Hindús; there is also one for Mohamedans. There are two masjids and two zíárats, viz., that of Syed Goffúr and the Ally Pir-ki-Takia. The principal Hindú temple is near the Kaggranawan spring and 'The Naweh Kah well, on the north side of the town, and the attendant Brahmins live in the immediate vicinity. There is a kotwáli and tehsíl in the town; a munshi and 10 attendants are employed at the former, and the tehsildar has 15 munshis and 25 chaprassis and sepoys in his service. Though not noted for any manufacture, the trade of Punch, as might be expected from its position, is very considerable, and it is inhabited by a variety of races, Hindús predominating. Hari Rám is the principal banker. The following is an approximate list of the dwellings and occupations of the inhabitants:— Shops, Mohamedan ... 80 in bázár. \" Hindú ... 90 \" Goldsmiths, Hindús ... 12 \" Foreign merchants and traders ... 40 from the Panjáb, &c. Carpenters ... 10 Blacksmiths ... 9 Mochis ... 6 Nállband... ... 1 Millers ... 40 Mehters... ... 4 Murkabáns ... 50 horse-keepers in Govt. employ. Kashmiris ... 234 of all trades and occupations. Begáris (coolies) ... 27 Kahárs (bearers) ... 10 Hill zemindars ... 60 Sháhás ... 30 Kashmiris Múllás ... 4 Syuds ... 2 Pandits... ... 12 in Govt. employ. Brahmins ... 8", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=11552032080495449025", "source_latitude": 33.75, "source_longitude": 74.15, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 45'. Long. 74° 9'. Elev. 3,300 feet.", "admin_status": "Serai / rest house", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJVZh2zsoy4DgRwRPZz_gPUaA", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 96, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "town", "river_or_lake", "garden", "religious_site", "serai", "road_or_route", "bridge_or_ferry", "fort" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "The principal town in the dominions of the Rajah Moti Singh" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "it lies above the right bank of the Púnch Toi... and the Bitarh" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "There is a government garden in the lower portion of the town" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "two masjids and two zíárats" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "a serai in course of erection" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "on the high road by the Sírán valley and Haji Pir pass" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "a ferry boat plies" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "the sepoys' lines" } ], "feature_notes": "Town with multiple amenities: rivers, garden, religious sites, serai being constructed, roads, ferry, and military fortification.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "pun", "historical_name": "PUN", "modern_name": "Pun", "pdf_page": 315, "pdf_viewer_page": 329, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "Púnch is well supplied with water, which is brought by channels from the neighbouring streams; there is also a small spring near the Hindú temple to the north of the town. The climate is hot during the summer months, and at certain seasons fevers are prevalent. The ground in the vicinity of the town is for the most part level, sloping down gradually towards the river, and it is almost entirely bare of trees; below the town are a succession of rice fields, and the wudar or table-lands on the north and north-west produce dry crops. The fort stands on a mound, about 300 yards distant from the south-west corner of the town, and is on its west side divided by a shallow ravine at the distance of about 250 yards from a table-land of equal elevation with the mound on which it is built; at the bottom of this ravine a rill of water flows. In shape the fort is almost a square, having a lower redoubt on its east side; at each corner there is a bastion tower and one in the middle of each face. The walls, which are of masonry, are about 35 feet high, and apparently of sound and solid construction. The entrance gateway is on the south. The fort is surrounded by a dry ditch on its north side; on the west the mound rises very abruptly, and on this side the defences are highest and strongest. The garrison consists of 300 men, part being in, and the remainder around, the fort; the rest of the sepoys are located in lines on the east side of the town, the total number in Púnch being, it is said, 600. The Rajah Motí Singh, with his son Buldeo Singh, lives in the fort, and the household is said to number 300, besides 150 in attendance on the Vazir, Mía Goláb Singh, the Rajah's uncle. There is a bungalow for travellers some little distance from the left bank of the Bitrah river, about a mile north-west of the town at the foot of the table-land; it is built on a level piece of greensward, and has a few trees near it. It is a substantial brick building, with a flat roof, and contains four rooms.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "fort", "town", "serai", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "spring", "road_or_route", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "g near the Hindú temple to the north of the town. The climate is hot during the summer months, and at certain seas" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "the Rajah's uncle. There is a bungalow for travellers some little distance from the left bank of the Bitrah river, abou" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "there is also a small spring near the Hindú temple to the north of the town. The climate is hot during the summer mo" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "t level, sloping down gradually towards the river, and it is almost entirely bare of trees; below the town are a su" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "neighbouring streams; there is also a small spring near the Hindú temple to the north of the town. The climate is ho" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "p-nch-toi-or-palasta", "historical_name": "PÚNCH TOI or PALASTA", "modern_name": "Púnch Toi Or Palasta", "pdf_page": 315, "pdf_viewer_page": 329, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This river rises on the western slopes of the Pansál range, and as the Súran takes a westerly and north-westerly course to the western extremity of the Púnch valley, where it is joined on its right bank by a considerable stream from the direction of Mandí, its course through the Púnch valley is nearly due west, receiving in its passage the waters of the Bitrah river by its right bank, just west of the town of Púnch. On leaving the Púnch valley, at which point it is joined by the Swan stream from the north-west, it turns to the south, and flowing continuously in that direction empties itself into the Jhelam near Tangrot, lat. 33° 12', long. 73° 42'.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "town", "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "is river rises on the western slopes of the Pansál range, and as the Súran takes a westerly and north-westerly cours" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "r PALASTA. Púnch Toi Or Palasta. Town. This river rises on the western slopes of the Pansál range, and as the Súran" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "purana-tilai", "historical_name": "PURANA TILAI", "modern_name": "Purana Tilai", "pdf_page": 316, "pdf_viewer_page": 330, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a village in the Tilai valley, situated at the foot of a spur on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, and above a considerable stream called the Satani, which flows just beneath its north side. The village contains a masjid, and nine houses inhabited by zemindars. The cultivation attached to this village lies to the south-east, on the other side of the spur. The Satani stream is crossed by a bridge, and may also be forded.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.6, "source_longitude": 75.016667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 36'. Long. 75° 1'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "eath its north side. The village contains a masjid, and nine houses inhabited by zemindars. The cultivation attached" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Village. The name of a village in the Tilai valley, situated at the foot of a spur on the right bank of the Kishen G" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "the spur. The Satani stream is crossed by a bridge, and may also be forded." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "purni", "historical_name": "PURNI", "modern_name": "Purni", "pdf_page": 316, "pdf_viewer_page": 330, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Lower Drawar, situated on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, opposite Drawar; it contains a masjid, and 10 houses inhabited by Mohamedan zemindars, including a carpenter. There are a few fine trees scattered about the village, and a considerable amount of cultivation of both rice and corn. The Narháji stream separates it from the village of Mirpúr, which lies at a lower level to the north; there is said to be a path following the course of this stream, and crossing the range of mountains to the south-east, by which the Karnao fort may be reached.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.433333, "source_longitude": 73.866667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 26'. Long. 73° 52'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "The NEWS NOW", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "fort", "village", "religious_site", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "PURNI. Purni. Fort / historic site. A village in Lower Drawar, situated on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, o" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "ishen Ganga, opposite Drawar; it contains a masjid, and 10 houses inhabited by Mohamedan zemindars, including a carp" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "the course of this stream, and crossing the range of mountains to the south-east, by which the Karnao fort may be r" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "llage in Lower Drawar, situated on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, opposite Drawar; it contains a masjid, and 1" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "r level to the north; there is said to be a path following the course of this stream, and crossing the range of mo" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "quail", "historical_name": "QUAIL", "modern_name": "Quail", "pdf_page": 316, "pdf_viewer_page": 330, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the Khuihama pargana, situated about 2 miles east of Alsú.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.433333, "source_longitude": 74.616667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 26'. Long. 74° 37'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "radabug", "historical_name": "RADABUG", "modern_name": "Radabug", "pdf_page": 316, "pdf_viewer_page": 330, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the north-west side of the table-land at the foot of the Baba Hanúf-ú-dín hill, to the south-east of the road between Makaháma and Srinagar. It contains seven houses inhabited by zemindars, and is surrounded with rice cultivation, and is said to possess a small spring.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.066667, "source_longitude": 74.666667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 4'. Long. 74° 40'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Doodhpathri Budgam", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "spring", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "cultivation, and is said to possess a small spring." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "Hanúf-ú-dín hill, to the south-east of the road between Makaháma and Srinagar. It contains seven houses inhabited" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "radanag", "historical_name": "RADANAG", "modern_name": "Radanag", "pdf_page": 317, "pdf_viewer_page": 331, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Loláb valley, near Lalpúr. It almost meets Shralgúnd, the two villages occupying a long narrow strip of land, with fields on both sides. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.483333, "source_longitude": 74.466667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 29'. Long. 74° 28'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "G. Radanag. Village. A village in the Loláb valley, near Lalpúr. It almost meets Shralgúnd, the two villages occupyi" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "radani", "historical_name": "RADANI", "modern_name": "Radani", "pdf_page": 317, "pdf_viewer_page": 331, "latitude": 33.3629242, "longitude": 73.7891177, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajdhani,_Kotli", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Rajdhani+Village/@33.3629242,73.7891177,7839m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m10!1m2!2m1!1srajdhani!3m6!1s0x391fe1267d673e29:0x821772ebf6e6438c!8m2!3d33.3495043!4d73.7889689!15sCghyYWpkaGFuaZIBCGxvY2FsaXR54AEA!16s%2Fm%2F047s42l?authuser=2&entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village in Naoshera, situated about midway on the road between Mirpúr and Kotli; it is divided into four mahallas or districts, and contains about 90 houses; among the inhabitants are a carpenter, blacksmith, cotton-cleaner, chowkidar, two leather-workers, two sweepers, and two múllas. There are three masjids in the village, and the ziárat of Núr Ali Sháh. All the inhabitants are Mohamedans. Bajra, kannak, jao, makai, and some cotton are grown.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Rajdhani+Village/@33.3629242,73.7891177,7839m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m10!1m2!2m1!1srajdhani!3m6!1s0x391fe1267d673e29:0x821772ebf6e6438c!8m2!3d33.3495043!4d73.7889689!15sCghyYWpkaGFuaZIBCGxvY2FsaXR54AEA!16s%2Fm%2F047s42l?authuser=2&entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.366667, "source_longitude": 73.833333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 22'. Long. 73° 50'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village", "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A large village in Naoshera" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "There are three masjids in the village, and the ziárat of Núr Ali Sháh" } ], "feature_notes": "Village containing several masjids and a ziárat (shrine), thus both features present.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "rahmur", "historical_name": "RAHMUR", "modern_name": "Rahmur", "pdf_page": 317, "pdf_viewer_page": 331, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a pass lying over the Pansál range, between the Shahabad valley and the district of Banihál. On the Kashmir side the ascent commences near the village of Rishpúra, and the path is said to join that by the Banihál route below the fort of Harkartand, near the village of Rámú. It is only used by shepherds, but is described as being shorter and less steep than that which crosses the Nand Marg pass.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.416667, "source_longitude": 75.35, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat 33° 25'. Long. 75° 21'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "fort", "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "Kashmir side the ascent commences near the village of Rishpúra, and the path is said to join that by the Banihál rou" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "Rahmur. Fort / historic site. The name of a pass lying over the Pansál range, between the Shahabad valley and the" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "over the Pansál range, between the Shahabad valley and the district of Banihál. On the Kashmir side the ascent comme" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ences near the village of Rishpúra, and the path is said to join that by the Banihál route below the fort of Harka" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "rain", "historical_name": "RAIN", "modern_name": "Rain", "pdf_page": 317, "pdf_viewer_page": 331, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Basoli district, consisting of about 20 houses, which are scattered amid the fields. It lies about 2 miles north of Basoli, on the road towards Badrawár.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.516667, "source_longitude": 75.85, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 31'. Long. 75° 51'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "lies about 2 miles north of Basoli, on the road towards Badrawár." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "rainawari", "historical_name": "RAINAWARI", "modern_name": "Rainawari", "pdf_page": 317, "pdf_viewer_page": 331, "latitude": 34.0945585, "longitude": 74.8253978, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainawari", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=4490738056507448372&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research confirmed prior Google candidate: Rainawari is a Srinagar locality/canal area named in the source. Existing Google pin kept for precision. Review before marking final.", "blurb": "The name of the canal which traverses the northern portion of the city of Srinagar. (See Srinagar.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=4490738056507448372&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJPzwzG3iF4TgRNFx0LXhOUj4", "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "The name of the canal which traverses the northern portion of the city of Srinagar" } ], "feature_notes": "The entry is about a canal (watercourse) traversing a city; the feature is river/river_or_lake in the enum.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "rajaori-or-rampur", "historical_name": "RAJAORI or RAMPUR", "modern_name": "Rajouri", "pdf_page": 317, "pdf_viewer_page": 331, "latitude": 33.37667, "longitude": 74.31222, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajouri", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=33.37667,74.31222", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web-researched strong candidate: Rajouri. Wikipedia gives Rajouri at 33.37667, 74.31222 and notes Gulab Singh changed Rajouri's name to Rampur; source heading is Rajaori or Rampur.", "blurb": "A large and partly walled town in the province of Naoshera, very picturesquely situated on the side of a low range of jungle-covered hills, about 150 feet above the right bank of the Tawi river, which is usually of no great depth, and contains but little water, excepting when its flood is swollen by rains and the melting of the snows on the Rattan Pir, whence it flows; it then becomes impassable, there being no bridge. The bed of the river consists of small rocks and rounded stones. The most favourable places for fording are just south of the town, or about a mile and a half north of it.\n\nOpposite the town on the left bank of the river, the valley opens out into a wide and extensive plain, which is for the most part richly cultivated with rice. This town is the largest met with on the Pir Panjál route into Kashmir, and is distant about 56 miles north of Bhimber, and 94 miles south-west of Srinagar. The houses are substantially built, chiefly of dressed stone, and many have two stories.\n\nRajaori contains several places worth visiting, as the bázár; the Ullumnote, or royal cemetery, which is situated at the back of the town, and contains about 20 tombs of the old chiefs of Rajaori; the Amkhas and the masájir-khána, both serais, and standing near the middle of the town; the royal palace, which is a most imposing range of buildings at its lower end, and the temple adjoining it. There is also a fine old mandi, or market-place, near the palace, now in ruins, having been destroyed by fire when the town was taken by Ranjit Singh's army.\n\nOn an elevated hill north-east of the town there is a fort which commands the valley; it is said to have been 10 years building, and is not yet completed.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=33.37667,74.31222", "source_latitude": 33.383333, "source_longitude": 74.35, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 23'. Long. 74° 21'. Elev. 3,094 feet.", "admin_status": "Serai / rest house", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "town", "river_or_lake", "fort", "serai", "religious_site", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "A large and partly walled town" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "on the side of a low range of jungle-covered hills, about 150 feet above the right bank of the Tawi river" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "On an elevated hill north-east of the town there is a fort" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "the Amkhas and the masájir-khána, both serais, and standing near the middle of the town" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "the temple adjoining it" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "an old mandi, or market-place, near the palace, now in ruins" } ], "feature_notes": "Town with river nearby, fort hill, serais inside, a temple, and ruins of a marketplace.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "rajghar", "historical_name": "RAJGHAR", "modern_name": "Rajgarh", "pdf_page": 318, "pdf_viewer_page": 332, "latitude": 33.2019989, "longitude": 75.3732807, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8982916710318180382&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Rajgarh, Mandole 182147. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small village lying on the northernmost of the two roads between Ramband and Doda, distant 8 koss east of Ramband, and 12 koss north-west of Doda. A few supplies and coolies are procurable. (Hervey.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8982916710318180382&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.2, "source_longitude": 75.383333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 12'. Long. 75° 23'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJIx4OfDG_HTkRHohvjSe7qXw", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "rajilia", "historical_name": "RAJILIA", "modern_name": "Rajilia", "pdf_page": 318, "pdf_viewer_page": 332, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A wretched hovel in the jungle, situated by the side of the path between Dharmsal and Rajori, in the province of Naoshera. (Vigne.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.216667, "source_longitude": 74.4, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 13'. Long. 74° 24'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "road_or_route", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "in the jungle, situated by the side of the path between Dharmsal and Rajori, in the province of Naoshera. (Vigne." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "rajpur", "historical_name": "RAJPUR", "modern_name": "Rajpora", "pdf_page": 318, "pdf_viewer_page": 332, "latitude": 33.8242642, "longitude": 74.8531352, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=4878861352224668584&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Rajpora 193306. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "This village is pleasantly situated about 14 miles north-east of Punch, on the left bank of the Dali Nar, close to its junction with the Gagrin stream. The ground on which the village stands is smooth and sloping, lying at the foot of steep hills of inconsiderable elevation. This village is inhabited exclusively by Hindus, numbering about 20 families. The houses are of a superior description to those of the surrounding villages, and there are some poplars and many shady trees about it, which are very rare in the neighbourhood. Both rice and dry crops are here cultivated. Supplies procurable.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=4878861352224668584&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.8, "source_longitude": 74.3, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 48'. Long 74° 18'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ_2xxF13x4TgRqLu774wytUM", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "t 14 miles north-east of Punch, on the left bank of the Dali Nar, close to its junction with the Gagrin stream. Th" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "rajramda", "historical_name": "RAJRAMDA", "modern_name": "Rajramda", "pdf_page": 318, "pdf_viewer_page": 332, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a peak in the main range of mountains lying between the north-west end of Kashmir and the valley of the Kishen Ganga. The rocks along this ridge consists chiefly of slates and schists, the latter apparently containing much silica, with occasional layers of sandstone. They are generally much contorted, and dip at a high angle in a southerly direction, the general strike varying a point north or south of east and west. In one or two places the rocks seemed to be inverted as they dipped northerly at a high angle and with the same strike. The schists were intersected with large veins of quartz. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.55, "source_longitude": 74.033333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 33'. Long. 74° 2'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "tteer entry. The name of a peak in the main range of mountains lying between the north-west end of Kashmir and the" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "tween the north-west end of Kashmir and the valley of the Kishen Ganga. The rocks along this ridge consists chiefly" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "raman", "historical_name": "RAMAN", "modern_name": "Ramban", "pdf_page": 318, "pdf_viewer_page": 332, "latitude": 33.2463853, "longitude": 75.1732913, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramban,_Jammu_and_Kashmir", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Ramban+182144/@33.2463853,75.1732913,6322m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x391dc28bca51be5f:0x9db9c59a265ed495!8m2!3d33.2463875!4d75.1938909!16s%2Fm%2F02q1hds?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Ramban. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "The name of a considerable stream, which forms one of the chief sources of the Kishen Ganga; it rises amidst the lofty mountains on the south side of the Tilail valley, and flows in a northerly direction, joining the Kishen Ganga in its course through the Tilail valley, lat. 34° 34', long. 75° 13'. It is usually bridged beneath the village of Anaikot, just above its junction with the Kishen Ganga. The Sind valley may, it is said, be reached by a path following the course of this stream, but it is described as being rough and steep, and only practicable late in the season, when the floods caused by the melting of the snows have subsided.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Ramban+182144/@33.2463853,75.1732913,6322m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x391dc28bca51be5f:0x9db9c59a265ed495!8m2!3d33.2463875!4d75.1938909!16s%2Fm%2F02q1hds?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJ3zJjNrPuHTkRFh1tkGWbY50", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "mountain" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "The name of a considerable stream" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "It is usually bridged beneath the village of Anaikot" }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "It rises amidst the lofty mountains" } ], "feature_notes": "A stream (river), bridged at a village, rising in mountains.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "r-mb-nd", "historical_name": "RÁMBÁND", "modern_name": "Rámbánd", "pdf_page": 319, "pdf_viewer_page": 333, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in a district of the same name, lying on the right bank of the Chandra Bhága river to the south of Banihál. It forms the stage between Bilaur and Ramsú, on the high road between Jamú and Kashmír, and is distant about 7 miles north of Bilaur, and 12 miles south-east of Ramsú. The village with its fields and orchards is situated a little above the river bank; it contains about 15 houses; the inhabitants are mostly Hindús, with one or two Mahomedan families. Below the village on the bank of the river there is a small Hindú temple. The baradari, a substantial double-storied brick building, is situated on the west side of the village, and near it there is space and shade for encamping. Supplies are plentiful, and water is procurable from a baoli, or from the river, which is icy cold. The wooden bridge which crosses the Chandra Bhága is situated about 3 miles east of the village; it measures about 190 feet in span between the abutments. There are two roads between Rámbánd and Doda, an upper and a lower; the upper, though longer, is said to be much the easier. There is also a path leading to the village of Borkan, on the south side of the Barmi Bal pass; the distance is stated to be 16 koss, divided into three stages. Rámband was formerly called Nasban, which the Maharajah altered to its present designation; but the original name seems to have been most appropriate, as lying at a low level, and being much confined; it is a hot and disagreeable locality.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.233333, "source_longitude": 75.283333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat 33° 14'. Long. 75° 17'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Ramban", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "garden", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "he bank of the river there is a small Hindú temple. The baradari, a substantial double-storied brick building, is si" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "t of Ramsú. The village with its fields and orchards is situated a little above the river bank; it contains about 15 h" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "Borkan, on the south side of the Barmi Bal pass; the distance is stated to be 16 koss, divided into three stages." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "strict of the same name, lying on the right bank of the Chandra Bhága river to the south of Banihál. It forms the" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "om the river, which is icy cold. The wooden bridge which crosses the Chandra Bhága is situated about 3 miles east of" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "r-mbu", "historical_name": "RÁMBU", "modern_name": "Rámbu", "pdf_page": 319, "pdf_viewer_page": 333, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A scattered hamlet containing 8 or 10 houses, situated at the edge of the forest, just below the shrine of Baba Paiyám-ú-dín. It lies at the head of the valley, about 5 miles south of the village of Kountra, by the path leading towards the Gulmarg.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.083333, "source_longitude": 74.433333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 5'. Long. 74° 26'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "d at the edge of the forest, just below the shrine of Baba Paiyám-ú-dín. It lies at the head of the valley, about 5" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ba Paiyám-ú-dín. It lies at the head of the valley, about 5 miles south of the village of Kountra, by the path leadi" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "les south of the village of Kountra, by the path leading towards the Gulmarg." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "r-mch", "historical_name": "RÁMCHÚ", "modern_name": "Rámchú", "pdf_page": 319, "pdf_viewer_page": 333, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A river in Kashmír, which rises on the eastern slopes of the Pansál range, just north of the Pir Panjál pass; it is at first known as the Kachrál, but after debouching into the plain through a rich and narrow valley between two sudars, about 4 miles south-east of Chrár, it is called the Rámchú. It falls into the Jhelam just below the village of Karkarpúr, lat. 33° 57', long. 74° 58'.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "opes of the Pansál range, just north of the Pir Panjál pass; it is at first known as the Kachrál, but after debou" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "r, which rises on the eastern slopes of the Pansál range, just north of the Pir Panjál pass; it is at first known as" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "RÁMCHÚ. Rámchú. Village. A river in Kashmír, which rises on the eastern slopes of the Pansál range" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "r-mhal", "historical_name": "RÁMHAL", "modern_name": "Rámhal", "pdf_page": 319, "pdf_viewer_page": 333, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a pargana in the Kamráj division of Kashmír; it comprises a district of very limited extent, lying on the right bank of the Kamil, opposite Shahlúra. The tehsil business is transacted in Shahlúra.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "of very limited extent, lying on the right bank of the Kamil, opposite Shahlúra. The tehsil business is transacte" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "r-mnagar", "historical_name": "RÁMNAGAR", "modern_name": "Ramnagar", "pdf_page": 319, "pdf_viewer_page": 333, "latitude": 32.82, "longitude": 75.32, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramnagar,_Udhampur", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9832506821754699808&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Ramnagar 182122. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A town in the province of Jamú, situated on a maidán or open space on the left bank of the Rámnagar Kad, about 14 miles from its junction with the Tawi, and about 30 miles east of Jamú. It is built among numerous and regular sandstone ranges, whose formation appears to have been the necessary consequence of the uprisings of the higher mountains, rather than the result of force acting directly upon themselves. Between the Tawi and Rámnagar in particular they dip usually at an angle of about 45 degrees, with a steep abutment on the north at regular intervals, and with so uniform a direction, as from a certain point of view to resemble the retiring crests of a heavy ocean-swell.\n\nThe square-built and turreted castle stands on one side of the flat, and opposite to it, a few hundred yards distant, is the palace. It is a picturesque and baronial-looking edifice, its appearance being by no means heavy, although it is chiefly composed of blank walls and square towers of unequal height and size. Rámnagar fell into the hands of the Sikhs about the same time that Goláb Singh became master of Jamú. The old Rajah fled to Subathu, near Simla, and died there, much regretted by his subjects. Suchyt Singh, brother of Goláb Singh, was made Rajah of Rámnagar by Ranjit. When Vigne visited the town, a large bázár and several streets were being built.\n\nWhen Suchyt Singh first became Rajah, he found its prosperity to be somewhat on the wane; he wisely continued the work of its re-establishment by the formation of new and comfortable places of abode; and hoping, moreover, to render them attractive, and to increase the population as much as possible, he made Rámnagar a city of refuge for runaways who had been guilty of no greater crimes than murder or slight political offences. (Vigne.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9832506821754699808", "source_latitude": 32.8, "source_longitude": 75.35, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 48'. Long. 75° 21'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJa3r_H0U2HDkRIEBLCtwUdIg", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "town", "fort" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "A town in the province of Jamú" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "The square-built and turreted castle stands on one side of the flat" } ], "feature_notes": "Town with a turreted castle fort present; also a palace is mentioned but not separately classified.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ramp-r", "historical_name": "RAMPÚR", "modern_name": "Rampur", "pdf_page": 320, "pdf_viewer_page": 334, "latitude": 34.4114981, "longitude": 74.4689962, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2278809058807022200&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Rampur 193223. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village in Lower Drawar, lying above the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, and rather to the south of Durrol, which is on the opposite bank. It contains a masjid, and about 20 houses, which are much scattered. The inhabitants are all Mohamedan zemindars, and include a múla and a carpenter. A stream flows down from the hills on the south side of the village; most of the fields lie on its right bank, and produce rice and a little corn. Butpúra and Mushnai are the names of pasturages belonging to this village, which lie further to the south, on the bank of the Kishen Ganga; and at a place called Ushnugi, opposite Bata, on the north side of the village, there are likewise some cattle-sheds, and also some rice-field. Rampúr was originally called Chittan, but the indecency of this latter appellation is said to have induced Colonel Beja Singh, when zilladahr of Mozafarabad, to change its name to that which it now bears.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2278809058807022200&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.533333, "source_longitude": 75.9, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 32'. Long. 75° 54'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJdfify7gR4TgReIIi7cP0nx8", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "hich is on the opposite bank. It contains a masjid, and about 20 houses, which are much scattered. The inhabitants a" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "llage in Lower Drawar, lying above the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, and rather to the south of Durrol, which is" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "r-mratchan", "historical_name": "RÁMRATCHAN", "modern_name": "Rámratchan", "pdf_page": 320, "pdf_viewer_page": 334, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a mountain in the Basoli district, situated on the west side of the Bangil Galli, which is crossed by the road between Basoli and Badrawár.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.666667, "source_longitude": 75.816667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 40'. Long. 75° 49'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "pass", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ct, situated on the west side of the Bangil Galli, which is crossed by the road between Basoli and Badrawár." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "f the Bangil Galli, which is crossed by the road between Basoli and Badrawár." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "r-m", "historical_name": "RÁMÚ", "modern_name": "Rámú", "pdf_page": 320, "pdf_viewer_page": 334, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A considerable village prettily situated a little distance from the left bank of the Rámcbi river, about 10 miles north of Shupian, on the west side of the road to Srinagar. It lies under a low range of hills, from the top of which an extensive view of the valley may be obtained. The country on the east side of the road is highly cultivated with rice crops. The encamping ground is somewhat confined, but ample space is to be found on the zoulur beyond. There is a double-storied bungalow for the accommodation of travellers in a square enclosure opposite the village. Water and supplies are procurable. been deposited by the lake in its state of quiescence, but the middle stratum could only have been formed by the first grand rush of waters on some sudden burst of the rocky barrier below Tattamulla, and the uppermost would have been deposited by the subsiding waters as they reached the newly formed level. (Cunningham—Allgood—Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.866667, "source_longitude": 74.883333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 52'. Long. 74° 53'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Rahmoo", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "town", "serai", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "RÁMÚ. Rámú. Village. A considerable village prettily situated a little distance from the left bank of the Rám" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "d is highly cultivated with rice crops. The encamping ground is somewhat confined, but ample space is to be found on the zoulu" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "f the road to Srinagar. It lies under a low range of hills, from the top of which an extensive view of the valley m" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ly situated a little distance from the left bank of the Rámcbi river, about 10 miles north of Shupian, on the west" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "s north of Shupian, on the west side of the road to Srinagar. It lies under a low range of hills, from the top of" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ramula", "historical_name": "RAMULA", "modern_name": "Ramula", "pdf_page": 321, "pdf_viewer_page": 335, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small hamlet surrounded by a patch of cultivation, situated high up in the mountains, on the north side of the Peristán valley. It is inhabited by two Hindu families.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.333333, "source_longitude": 75.383333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 20'. Long. 75° 23'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "RAMULA. Ramula. Gazetteer entry. A small hamlet surrounded by a patch of cultivation, situated high up in the mou" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ountains, on the north side of the Peristán valley. It is inhabited by two Hindu families." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "rang-kullu", "historical_name": "RANG KULLU", "modern_name": "Rang Kullu", "pdf_page": 321, "pdf_viewer_page": 335, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A spot situated on the right bank of the Chitti Nadi or Bromsuh stream, at the north-west end of the Zojimarg; it is usually occupied by a shepherd's encampment during the summer months. A description of red clay which is found in the neighbourhood is used by potters to colour earthenware vessels.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.566667, "source_longitude": 74.916667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 34'. Long. 74° 55'. Elev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "KULLU KASHMIR DRY FRUITS", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "rang-marg", "historical_name": "RANG MARG", "modern_name": "Tangmarg", "pdf_page": 321, "pdf_viewer_page": 335, "latitude": 34.05916667, "longitude": 74.42444444, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangmarg", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=11099465199319395503&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Tangmarg 193402. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small grassy plain situated on the banks of the Bhat Khol stream, the chief source of the Maru Wardwan river; it is traversed by the path between Maru Wardwan and Súru. The encamping ground on the Rang Marg is called Kaintl, and affords wood and water.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=11099465199319395503", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": 75.75, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat 34°. Long. 75° 45'. Elev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJxVAlmWql4TgRryw-kso4CZo", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "road_or_route", "forest", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "road_or_route", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the banks of the Bhat Khol stream, the chief source of the Maru Wardwan river" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "it is traversed by the path between Maru Wardwan and Súru" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "The encamping ground on the Rang Marg is called Kaintl, and affords wood" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "Kaintl... affords ... water" } ], "feature_notes": "Rang Marg is described as a plains and path area on the banks of streams and river source, thus a route with water and wood access.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "rangwari", "historical_name": "RANGWARI", "modern_name": "Rangwār", "pdf_page": 321, "pdf_viewer_page": 335, "latitude": 33.7002651, "longitude": 75.5175735, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=7213490008711959916&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Rangwār, Forest Block 192202. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "The name of the stream which forms the principal source of the Kamil river; it rises in a narrow valley to the north-west of the Uttar pargana, and unites with the Bad Khol, lat. 34° 27', long. 74° 2'.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=7213490008711959916&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJyRFAPnp34jgRbBUbuPF2G2Q", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "rara", "historical_name": "RARA", "modern_name": "Rara", "pdf_page": 321, "pdf_viewer_page": 335, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated above the left bank of the Jhelam, opposite the junction of the Kúnar or Nánsarík river. It lies on the new road from Mari towards Kashmir, and is distant 14 kos from the Kóhála bridge. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.283333, "source_longitude": 73.516667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 17'. Long. 73° 31'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Village. A village situated above the left bank of the Jhelam, opposite the junction of the Kúnar or Nánsarík riv" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "hmir, and is distant 14 kos from the Kóhála bridge. (Montgomerie.)" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "Kúnar or Nánsarík river. It lies on the new road from Mari towards Kashmir, and is distant 14 kos from the Kóhála" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ratson", "historical_name": "RATSON", "modern_name": "Ratson", "pdf_page": 321, "pdf_viewer_page": 335, "latitude": 33.9958976, "longitude": 74.6069069, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Rathsun+193411/@33.9958976,74.6069069,8540m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e1bd9af73c529b:0x7dfbf45f04600f6d!8m2!3d34.0060653!4d74.5851383!16s%2Fm%2F0j282dq?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Ratson 192123. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A large village situated near the right bank of the Sukhóg river, on rising ground in the valley formed between the slope of the spur and the north-west end of the Baba Hanuf-ú-dín hill. It is surrounded by rice cultivation, and contains a masjid, and about 30 houses inhabited by zemindars.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Rathsun+193411/@33.9958976,74.6069069,8540m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e1bd9af73c529b:0x7dfbf45f04600f6d!8m2!3d34.0060653!4d74.5851383!16s%2Fm%2F0j282dq?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 34.066667, "source_longitude": 74.633333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 4'. Long. 74° 38'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJMWaH7aMZ4jgRsOZ5gxMO_-s", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village", "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A large village situated near the right bank of the Sukhóg river" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "It contains a masjid" } ], "feature_notes": "Ratson is primarily a village containing a mosque.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "rattan-sar", "historical_name": "RATTAN SAR", "modern_name": "Rattan Sar", "pdf_page": 321, "pdf_viewer_page": 335, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small lake lying in the plain at the foot of the hills, at the south-east end of the Uttar pargana. The 'jewel lake' may be reached from the direction of Sopúr by a path which crosses the range north of the village of Rickmakan. (Vigne.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.45, "source_longitude": 74.366667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 27'. Long. 74° 22'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Ratanpīr", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ection of Sopúr by a path which crosses the range north of the village of Rickmakan. (Vigne.)" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "RATTAN SAR. Rattan Sar. Village. A small lake lying in the plain at the foot" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "be reached from the direction of Sopúr by a path which crosses the range north of the village of Rickmakan. (Vigne" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ratti-galli", "historical_name": "RATTI GALLI", "modern_name": "Ratti Galli", "pdf_page": 321, "pdf_viewer_page": 335, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A pass over the water-shed between the northern extremity of Kháqán and the valley of the Kishen Ganga. It lies to the north of the village of Dworain, in Upper Drawar. The path crossing this pass is said to be preferable to that by the Dworain pass, situated a few miles to the west.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.916667, "source_longitude": 74.066667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 55'. Long. 74° 4'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Ratti Gali Lake", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "RATTI GALLI. Ratti Galli. Village. A pass over the water-shed between the nor" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "en the northern extremity of Kháqán and the valley of the Kishen Ganga. It lies to the north of the village of Dwora" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "he village of Dworain, in Upper Drawar. The path crossing this pass is said to be preferable to that by the Dworai" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ratra", "historical_name": "RATRA", "modern_name": "Ratra", "pdf_page": 321, "pdf_viewer_page": 335, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A hamlet in the Lachrát district, situated about 5 miles east of Núraseri, just below the path towards Panechgram.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.45, "source_longitude": 73.65, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 27'. Long. 73° 39'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "RATRA. Ratra. Gazetteer entry. A hamlet in the Lachrát district, situated about 5 miles east of Núraseri," }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ut 5 miles east of Núraseri, just below the path towards Panechgram." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ravi", "historical_name": "RAVI", "modern_name": "Ravi", "pdf_page": 321, "pdf_viewer_page": 335, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This river forms the boundary between the province of Jamú and the hill state of Chamba and British territories between long. 75° 33', and 76° 3'.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Jammu and Kashmir", "no_match_score": -3, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "rawatpur", "historical_name": "RAWATPUR", "modern_name": "Rawatpur", "pdf_page": 322, "pdf_viewer_page": 336, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Birwa pargana, situated amid trees at the foot of the spur on the left bank of the Suktág river, about 8 miles south of Makháma, on the road towards Drang and the Tosha Maídán pass. It contains a masjid and the ziárat of Syud Sahib, and seven houses inhabited by zemindars, a shál-báf, and a mulla. The Suktág is fordable between Rawatpúr and the village of Sel, which lies near the opposite bank.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.983333, "source_longitude": 74.6, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 59'. Long. 74° 36'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Rawat Pur", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "ng and the Tosha Maídán pass. It contains a masjid and the ziárat of Syud Sahib, and seven houses inhabited by zemin" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "the road towards Drang and the Tosha Maídán pass. It contains a masjid and the ziárat of Syud Sahib, and seven hou" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "d trees at the foot of the spur on the left bank of the Suktág river, about 8 miles south of Makháma, on the road" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "ars, a shál-báf, and a mulla. The Suktág is fordable between Rawatpúr and the village of Sel, which lies near the oppo" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ver, about 8 miles south of Makháma, on the road towards Drang and the Tosha Maídán pass. It contains a masjid and" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "razvin", "historical_name": "RAZVIN", "modern_name": "Razvin", "pdf_page": 322, "pdf_viewer_page": 336, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Machhámá pargana, containing seven houses inhabited by zemindars, situated at the foot of the table-land to the north of the Bába Hanuf-úd-din hill. It is distant about 9 miles west of Srinagar, and lies just south of the road towards Makháma. There are three remarkably fine chinar trees by the side of the path.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.083333, "source_longitude": 74.683333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 5'. Long. 74° 41'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Rising Kashmir And Sangarmal Dailies", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "est of Srinagar, and lies just south of the road towards Makháma. There are three remarkably fine chinar trees by" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "rehguj", "historical_name": "REHGUJ", "modern_name": "Rehguj", "pdf_page": 322, "pdf_viewer_page": 336, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village of 8 houses in the Kotli district, situated on the right bank of the Púnch Toi, just below the path about 6 miles north of Kotli, on the road to Púnch. The inhabitants are all Mohamedans; only dry crops are produced.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.633333, "source_longitude": 73.966667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 38'. Long. 73° 58'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Yousmarg", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "n the Kotli district, situated on the right bank of the Púnch Toi, just below the path about 6 miles north of Kotl" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "right bank of the Púnch Toi, just below the path about 6 miles north of Kotli, on the road to Púnch. The inhabitan" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "rembiara", "historical_name": "REMBIARA", "modern_name": "Rembiara", "pdf_page": 322, "pdf_viewer_page": 336, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of the river which rises on the eastern slope of the Pir Panjál mountain and flows in an easterly direction towards the valley of Kashmir; it is joined from the south by the Laddi stream, which takes its rise in the Nundan Sar lake, and a few miles further on by the Rúpri, which rises in the Bhág Sar lake; between Hirpúr and Shupian the Rembiara bends towards the north, and skirting the table-lands at the south-west end of the valley, unites with the Veshat at the village of Nowna, lat. 33° 49', long. 75° 7', just before its junction with the Jhelam between Awantípúr and Bij Behára. The Rembiára has a stony bed, and may generally be forded throughout its course through the plain; it is crossed by three wooden bridges above Hirpúr. (Vigne—Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Rimbiara River", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "ver which rises on the eastern slope of the Pir Panjál mountain and flows in an easterly direction towards the va" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "EMBIARA. Rembiara. Village. The name of the river which rises on the eastern slope of the Pir Panjál mountain and f" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "rewil", "historical_name": "REWIL", "modern_name": "Rewil", "pdf_page": 322, "pdf_viewer_page": 336, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A considerable village in the Sind valley, situated on the right bank of the river, about 3 miles to the east of Gúnd-i-Sursing. The population numbers about 16 families of Mahomedan zemindars, a mulla, dún, cowherd, and a miller.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.266667, "source_longitude": 75.166667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 16'. Long. 75° 10'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Real Kashmir tours", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "town", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "REWIL. Rewil. Village. A considerable village in the Sind valley, situated on the right bank of the river, abou" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Village. A considerable village in the Sind valley, situated on the right bank of the river, about 3 miles to the ea" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "rezan", "historical_name": "REZAN", "modern_name": "Rezan", "pdf_page": 323, "pdf_viewer_page": 337, "latitude": 34.2947005, "longitude": 75.197357, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Rezan,+Forest+Block+191202/@34.2947005,75.197357,3122m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e232d911b0888d:0xc321cf5f79948c58!8m2!3d34.294701!4d75.197357!16s%2Fg%2F1td4snj2?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 2: Historical Rezan is a small village in the Sind valley; modern Rezan in Ganderbal/Kangan lies on the same Sind valley corridor. Existing candidate retained.", "blurb": "A small village in the Sind valley, situated on the left bank of the river. It contains three houses, which are shaded by fine trees and surrounded by a little corn cultivation. There is usually a bridge over the river below the village, but it is frequently carried away. The hamlet and garden of Gimpúr is situated amid the trees about half a mile to the west of Rezan; it contains two houses.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Rezan,+Forest+Block+191202/@34.2947005,75.197357,3122m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e232d911b0888d:0xc321cf5f79948c58!8m2!3d34.294701!4d75.197357!16s%2Fg%2F1td4snj2?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 34.266667, "source_longitude": 75.216667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 16'. Long. 75° 13'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJjYiwEdky4jgRWIyUeV_PIcM", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 93, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "garden" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A small village in the Sind valley" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "situated on the left bank of the river" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "There is usually a bridge over the river below the village" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "The hamlet and garden of Gimpúr is situated amid the trees about half a mile to the west of Rezan" } ], "feature_notes": "Rezan is a village on a river bank with a nearby river bridge and garden.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "riali", "historical_name": "RIALI", "modern_name": "Riali", "pdf_page": 323, "pdf_viewer_page": 337, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Lower Drawar, situated on the hill side, at some distance above the path which follows the right bank of the Kishen Ganga. Some of the rice-fields belonging to the village extend down to the path on the north side of Bandi. No part of the village now lies on the left bank of the river.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.483333, "source_longitude": 73.866667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 29'. Long. 73° 52'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ance above the path which follows the right bank of the Kishen Ganga. Some of the rice-fields belonging to the vil" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "n the hill side, at some distance above the path which follows the right bank of the Kishen Ganga. Some of the ric" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "rian", "historical_name": "RIAN", "modern_name": "Rian", "pdf_page": 323, "pdf_viewer_page": 337, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Nowúbg Nai, situated above the left bank of the river, about 2 miles north-east of the village of Nowúbg. It is inhabited by three families of zemindars and three Gújars, and is watered by a stream from the hills.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.666667, "source_longitude": 75.433333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 40'. Long. 75° 26'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "in the Nowúbg Nai, situated above the left bank of the river, about 2 miles north-east of the village of Nowúbg." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "riassi", "historical_name": "RIASSI", "modern_name": "Reasi", "pdf_page": 323, "pdf_viewer_page": 337, "latitude": 33.08, "longitude": 74.83, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reasi", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=33.08,74.83", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web-researched strong candidate: Reasi. Wikipedia gives Reasi at 33.08, 74.83; source heading Riassi describes a town north of Jammu on/near the Chenab with a fort.", "blurb": "A town in the province of Jamú, situated a little distance from the left bank of the Chenáb, about 30 miles north of Jamú. The situation of Riassi has added prosperity to the town and importance to the castle. There is nothing remarkable in the place itself, which may contain some two or three hundred houses. It is built on a flat at the foot of the mountains, and separated by some uneven country from the plain. The castle does not appear to stand upon more than two or three acres of ground. It is one of the strongest, perhaps the strongest and best constructed, in the country. Its general outline is a square built upon a conical and rocky hill to the south of the town, which it commands.\n\nIts walls are of stone and very lofty. The rock in some places has been scraped up to their foot, and the four towers at the angles as well as most of the interior buildings, which are visible from without, are covered with what are intended to be bomb-proof roofs. Vigne was informed that water was kept in two large tanks within the walls. A deep and broad ravine separates the castle hill from a range of sandstone heights, on which an enemy's cannon could be placed, and which rise to a level with the castle at a distance of about a mile from it on the southward.\n\nThere is a green plain about a quarter of a mile square below the fort, and opposite the mahal or palace, which is a large and rather fine building. Supplies are plentiful. The direct road from Riassi to Kashmir lies over the Golágarh or Kúri pass, which is well frequented and practicable for ponies.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reasi", "source_latitude": 33.083333, "source_longitude": 74.866667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 5'. Long. 74° 52'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "town", "fort" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "A town in the province of Jamú" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "importance to the castle... one of the strongest... Its walls are of stone and very lofty... The castle hill" } ], "feature_notes": "Riassi is a town associated closely with a strong fort located on a rocky hill next to it.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "rien", "historical_name": "RIEN", "modern_name": "Rien", "pdf_page": 323, "pdf_viewer_page": 337, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Shahabad valley, containing eight houses, situated on the right bank of the Sándran river.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.516667, "source_longitude": 75.316667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 31'. Long. 75° 19'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "N. Rien. Village. A village in the Shahabad valley, containing eight houses, situated on the right bank of the Sándr" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "rikinwas", "historical_name": "RIKINWAS", "modern_name": "Rikinwas", "pdf_page": 324, "pdf_viewer_page": 338, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the Maru Wardwan valley, containing about half a dozen houses, situated on the left bank of the river, about 4 miles north of Basman. (Hervey.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.95, "source_longitude": 75.566667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 57'. Long. 75° 34'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Rekenwas", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "illage. A small village in the Maru Wardwan valley, containing about half a dozen houses, situated on the left bank" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ringmandu", "historical_name": "RINGMANDU", "modern_name": "Ringmandu", "pdf_page": 324, "pdf_viewer_page": 338, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated in the mountains forming the northern boundary of the Shahabad valley. It is inhabited by five families of Gujars and four blacksmiths. A little iron is mined in the neighbourhood, but it is said to be of inferior quality.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.483333, "source_longitude": 75.4, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 29'. Long. 75° 24'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "rming the northern boundary of the Shahabad valley. It is inhabited by five families of Gujars and four blacksmiths." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "riri", "historical_name": "RIRI", "modern_name": "Riri", "pdf_page": 324, "pdf_viewer_page": 338, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Uttar pargana, containing five houses, situated at the foot of the slope on the left bank of the Kamil, about 6 miles west of Shalura. The fields, which are mostly of corn and other dry crops, extend for nearly 2 miles along the bank of the river, and are interspersed with numerous patches of scrub jungle and wild fruit trees. A stream flows into the Kamil through the western end of the village. There is a bridge over the Kamil between this village and Zunareshi, a little higher up; near this spot the lacustrine deposit reaches the height of about 300 feet above the river, resting on the primeval rock through which it flows and which in some places is cut down to the depth of 30 or 40 feet. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.483333, "source_longitude": 74.1, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 29'. Long. 74° 6'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "tuated at the foot of the slope on the left bank of the Kamil, about 6 miles west of Shalura. The fields, which ar" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "the western end of the village. There is a bridge over the Kamil between this village and Zunareshi, a little highe" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "rishnagar", "historical_name": "RISHNAGAR", "modern_name": "Rishnagar", "pdf_page": 324, "pdf_viewer_page": 338, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village surrounded by some fine chunar trees, situated on a table-land on the left bank of the Veshau, about 6 miles south of Shupian. (Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.65, "source_longitude": 74.883333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 39'. Long. 74° 53'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Srinagar International Airport", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "trees, situated on a table-land on the left bank of the Veshau, about 6 miles south of Shupian. (Ince.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "rishipur", "historical_name": "RISHIPUR", "modern_name": "Rishipur", "pdf_page": 324, "pdf_viewer_page": 338, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Saremnozela pargana, situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, abreast of the Salakoun island.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.866667, "source_longitude": 75.066667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 52'. Long. 75° 4'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Rishipur", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "e Saremnozela pargana, situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, abreast of the Salakoun island." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "rishipura", "historical_name": "RISHIPURA", "modern_name": "Rishipura", "pdf_page": 324, "pdf_viewer_page": 338, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the Shahabad valley, occupied by two families; it lies on the left bank of the Sandran river, just north of Ingrawara. The ascent of the Rahmur pass commences near this village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.483333, "source_longitude": 75.383333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 29'. Long. 75° 23'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Reshi Pora", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "orth of Ingrawara. The ascent of the Rahmur pass commences near this village." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "a. Village. A small village in the Shahabad valley, occupied by two families; it lies on the left bank of the Sandra" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "rishpura", "historical_name": "RISHPURA", "modern_name": "Rishpura", "pdf_page": 324, "pdf_viewer_page": 338, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A hamlet inhabited by a family of zemindars lying on the path at the foot of the mountains on the west side of the Kuthar pargana. Above it, shaded by some fine trees, is a ziarat, in which are preserved the hair and nails of Nur Din Sahib of Chrar. Passers-by are solicited to give alms at this shrine.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.8, "source_longitude": 75.4, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 48'. Long. 75° 24'.", "admin_status": "Pass / route", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "RESHIPORA SHOPIAN", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "pass", "village", "religious_site", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "admin_status: Pass / route" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "RISHPURA. Rishpura. Pass / route. A hamlet inhabited by a family of zemindars lying on the path at the foot" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": ". Above it, shaded by some fine trees, is a ziarat, in which are preserved the hair and nails of Nur Din Sahib of Ch" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "RISHPURA. Rishpura. Pass / route. A hamlet inhabited by a family of zemindars lying on the path at" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "rozlu", "historical_name": "ROZLU", "modern_name": "Rozlu", "pdf_page": 324, "pdf_viewer_page": 338, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a village situated on the west side of the Khund valley, about 7 miles west of Dur or Shahabad. Vigne states that at the village of Rozlu there is a spring whose waters rise when the snows are melting; and the communication from beneath is so rapid, as to disturb the mud and sediment at the bottom of the pond, which is 12 or 14 yards across. Logs of wood that were lying quietly fastened down by the mud below, are now forced upwards to the surface, and being brought into contact by the eddies and whirlpools in which they are floating, are sometimes driven against each other, and so furiously, that the spectacle has given rise to the idea in the minds of the natives that the logs are animated, and moving under the influence of the deota and spirits of the place. From the top of the ridge above the village a view may be obtained of another small valley called Bringhin-Lannor. (Vigne.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.583333, "source_longitude": 75.183333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 35'. Long. 75° 11'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "d spirits of the place. From the top of the ridge above the village a view may be obtained of another small valley" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "lage situated on the west side of the Khund valley, about 7 miles west of Dur or Shahabad. Vigne states that at the" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "tes that at the village of Rozlu there is a spring whose waters rise when the snows are melting; and the communicati" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "rupri", "historical_name": "RUPRI", "modern_name": "Rupri", "pdf_page": 325, "pdf_viewer_page": 339, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a pass over the Pansál range, at the south-west corner of Kashmír. It is only used by shepherds, who drive their flocks over the pass to the grazing grounds on the northern side. The summit may probably be reached in two marches from Bádií, but the path is said to be very difficult for laden coolies. The pass on the northern side is sloping and easy, and may be traversed by laden ponies; the path follows the course of the Rúpri stream for some distance, and then crosses the range to the west. The Rúpri pasturage is situated on the north side of the pass, lat. 33°33', long. 74°39'; there are several scattered shepherds' huts on the spot, which offers every advantage for encamping but fuel, which is scarce.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.5, "source_longitude": 74.633333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 30'. Long. 74° 38'. Elev. 13,520 feet.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "(Allygood.)", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "pass", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": ". Rupri. River / watercourse. The name of a pass over the Pansál range, at the south-west corner of Kashmír. It is" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "reached in two marches from Bádií, but the path is said to be very difficult for laden coolies. The pass on the n" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "russu", "historical_name": "RUSSU", "modern_name": "Russu", "pdf_page": 325, "pdf_viewer_page": 339, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the Machiháma pargana, lying to the north of the road between Srinagar and Makaháma. It contains six houses inhabited by zemíndars, and is surrounded by rice-fields.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.083333, "source_longitude": 74.683333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 5'. Long. 74° 41. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "achiháma pargana, lying to the north of the road between Srinagar and Makaháma. It contains six houses inhabited b" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ruttan-pir", "historical_name": "RUTTAN PIR", "modern_name": "Ruttan Pir", "pdf_page": 325, "pdf_viewer_page": 339, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a pass lying over the range of mountains at the north end of the Rajori district, which is crossed by the high road between Bhimber and Srinagar. The top of the pass is distant about 5 miles north-east of Thanna; the road is mostly rough, but tolerably wide, and is not very steep. There are numerous huts, and a plentiful supply of water near the summit of the pass, which commands a magnificent view. The descent on the north side is through a fine forest; the road is mostly rough and rather steep, especially just before reaching a stream at the bottom, which is crossed by a wooden bridge. The path from Thanna to Púnch turns off to the west, about a mile north of Thanna, and crosses the Ruttan Pir by an easy pass 1½ miles west of that traversed by the Pir Panjál road. The ascent from Thanna is about 5 miles, and the descent on the other side is easy, the road leading down a deep and very narrow galli, whose sides are covered with dense forest abounding with ferns.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.583333, "source_longitude": 74.433333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 35'. Long. 74° 26'. Elev. 8,200 feet.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "(Hügel—Vigne—Ince.)", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Toli Peer", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "religious_site", "pass", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "RUTTAN PIR. Ruttan Pir. River / watercourse. The name of a pass lying over t" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "tan Pir. River / watercourse. The name of a pass lying over the range of mountains at the north end of the Rajori" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "at the bottom, which is crossed by a wooden bridge. The path from Thanna to Púnch turns off to the west, about a mil" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "he Rajori district, which is crossed by the high road between Bhimber and Srinagar. The top of the pass is distant abou" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sabor", "historical_name": "SABOR", "modern_name": "Sabor", "pdf_page": 325, "pdf_viewer_page": 339, "latitude": 33.5850894, "longitude": 73.9458818, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Sawar/@33.5850894,73.9458818,1767m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e0247dbdeee5a5:0x61228680bc458671!8m2!3d33.5814869!4d73.943757!16s%2Fg%2F11xhbyt_v?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Kotli district, about 7 miles north of that town, on the road to Púnch. It contains only five houses, and is included in the same assessment with the neighbouring village of Matelli. The village lies above the road; by the path is a spring, yielding a small supply of water.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Sawar/@33.5850894,73.9458818,1767m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e0247dbdeee5a5:0x61228680bc458671!8m2!3d33.5814869!4d73.943757!16s%2Fg%2F11xhbyt_v?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.6, "source_longitude": 73.983333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 36'. Long. 73° 59'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Curry Up Now Indian Restaurant and Catering", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in the Kotli district" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "by the path is a spring, yielding a small supply of water" } ], "feature_notes": "Small village with a spring nearby.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sachkach", "historical_name": "SACHKACH", "modern_name": "Sachkach", "pdf_page": 325, "pdf_viewer_page": 339, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a lofty mountain situated at the north-eastern extremity of the Lidar valley. The pilgrims on their way to the sacred cave of Amrnáth go by a pass to the north-east of this mountain, returning by the pass to the north-west.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.116667, "source_longitude": 75.533333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 7'. Long. 75° 32'. Elev. 15,031 feet.", "admin_status": "Pass / route", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "(Montgomerie.)", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "admin_status: Pass / route" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "at the north-eastern extremity of the Lidar valley. The pilgrims on their way to the sacred cave of Amrnáth go by a" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "SACHKACH. Sachkach. Pass / route. The name of a lofty mountain situated at the north-eastern extre" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sadpura", "historical_name": "SADPURA", "modern_name": "Sadura", "pdf_page": 326, "pdf_viewer_page": 340, "latitude": 33.6750414, "longitude": 75.1370254, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=6567733514371857131&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Sadura. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village in Lower Drawar, situated on the side of the mountain south-west of Baran, above the right bank of the Kishen Ganga. It is inhabited by six families of Gujars and Paharis, and produces a little corn.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=6567733514371857131&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.433333, "source_longitude": 78.833333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 26'. Long. 78° 50'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJb60gXj0G4jgR6_qPf9VGJVs", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "untain south-west of Baran, above the right bank of the Kishen Ganga. It is inhabited by six families of Gujars an" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sadura-or-chodra", "historical_name": "SADURA or CHODRA", "modern_name": "Sadura Or Chodra", "pdf_page": 326, "pdf_viewer_page": 340, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large ruined village situated on the right bank of the Dudh Gangra river, some miles south of Srinagar. The inhabitants of the valley of Kashmir believe this village to have been the birthplace of Nurjahan Begam, the renowned consort of the emperor Jehangir. They assert that she was the daughter of the Malik of Chodra, and some ruins in the neighbourhood of the village are pointed out as those of a house that once belonged to her. (Vigne.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.95, "source_longitude": 74.833333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 57'. Long. 74° 50'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Sadura", "no_match_score": 38, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "large ruined village situated on the right bank of the Dudh Gangra river, some miles south of Srinagar. The inhab" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "e daughter of the Malik of Chodra, and some ruins in the neighbourhood of the village are pointed out as those of a" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "safanagar", "historical_name": "SAFANAGAR", "modern_name": "Safanagar", "pdf_page": 326, "pdf_viewer_page": 340, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Zainpur pargana, of which it is the tehsil station; it is situated near the north-east end of the plateau, and is sometimes made the half-way halting place between Shupia and Islamabad. Vigne describes it as a miserable hamlet standing in the middle of the plain, and embosomed in an almost treeless ravine. He saw fish caught by the hand in a stream that runs through it, so narrow that a good hunter would clear it in some places. The village was then the property of Khoja Mohamed Shah Sahib, one of the principal Mohamedans in Kashmir.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.8, "source_longitude": 75.066667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 48'. Long. 75° 4'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Safanagar", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "town", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "in the Zainpur pargana, of which it is the tehsil station; it is situated near the north-east end of the plateau, and is so" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ravine. He saw fish caught by the hand in a stream that runs through it, so narrow that a good hunter would clear it" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "safapur", "historical_name": "SAFAPUR", "modern_name": "Safapur", "pdf_page": 326, "pdf_viewer_page": 340, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village situated on the north bank of the Manas Bal lake, where the emperor Akbar had a garden. (Moorcroft.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.266667, "source_longitude": 74.716667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 16'. Long. 74° 43'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Safapore", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "garden", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "nas Bal lake, where the emperor Akbar had a garden. (Moorcroft.)" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "lage. A small village situated on the north bank of the Manas Bal lake, where the emperor Akbar had a garden. (Moo" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "safapur-2", "historical_name": "SAFAPUR", "modern_name": "Safapur", "pdf_page": 326, "pdf_viewer_page": 340, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a mountain situated between the end of the Sind valley and the Wular lake, at the extremity of the range which trends in a south-westerly direction from Haramuk. The variation of the compass of the survey station at the summit of this hill appeared to be about 7 1/2° west, altering towards evening to 5° 20' west. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.283333, "source_longitude": 74.75, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 17'. Long. 74° 45'. Elev. 10,309 feet.", "admin_status": "Lake / spring / water site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Safapore", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "pass", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: Lake / spring / water site" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "and the Wular lake, at the extremity of the range which trends in a south-westerly direction from Haramuk. The vari" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "SAFAPUR. Safapur. Lake / spring / water site. The name of a mountain situated between the end of" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "saidabad-serai", "historical_name": "SAIDABAD SERAI", "modern_name": "Saidabad Serai", "pdf_page": 326, "pdf_viewer_page": 340, "latitude": 33.0739069, "longitude": 74.1621707, "wikipedia_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Sara-E-Sababad/@33.0739069,74.1621707,792m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x391fb5005d2d276d:0xf249eed9b0129869!8m2!3d33.0739069!4d74.1647456!16s%2Fg%2F11wg7tfsl2?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Sara-E-Sababad/@33.0739069,74.1621707,792m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x391fb5005d2d276d:0xf249eed9b0129869!8m2!3d33.0739069!4d74.1647456!16s%2Fg%2F11wg7tfsl2?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A very small village situated on the bank of the Bhimber Nadi, about 15 miles north-east of Bhimber and 12 miles south-west of Naoshera, on the road leading towards Kashmir by the Pir Panjal pass. It lies in the centre of a richly cultivated plain, which is only a few miles broad, and surrounded by low and thickly wooded hills; the Sumani Serai, a very fine small building, in a fair state of preservation, is situated about a quarter of a mile to the north-east. Just beyond the village, and near the ruins of a very dilapidated serai, there is a travellers' bungalow, a good stone building raised about 3 feet above the ground. There is ample space for encamping. Forage is plentiful, and water from both well and stream; but supplies are scarce. The road to Kotli branches off from the Bhimber and Pir Panjal route, just before reaching Saidabad Serai. (Allgood-Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Sara-E-Sababad/@33.0739069,74.1621707,792m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x391fb5005d2d276d:0xf249eed9b0129869!8m2!3d33.0739069!4d74.1647456!16s%2Fg%2F11wg7tfsl2?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.083333, "source_longitude": 74.2, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 5'. Long. 74° 12'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Serai / rest house", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village", "serai" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A very small village situated on the bank of the Bhimber Nadi" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "the Sumani Serai, a very fine small building... near the ruins of a very dilapidated serai" } ], "feature_notes": "Saidabad Serai is a small village containing at least one fine serai and ruins of another.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "saigat", "historical_name": "SAIGAT", "modern_name": "Saigat", "pdf_page": 326, "pdf_viewer_page": 340, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "Saigat, or 'the Leopard's Leap,' is situated on the right bank of the Chandra Bhága, where the road between Doda and Kishtwár crosses the river by a suspension-bridge. Kishtwár is 7 miles distant in a straight line, but the path is a very severe one, and preserves an average elevation of a thousand or fifteen hundred feet above the river; the town consequently cannot be reached in one day from the bridge. When Vigne travelled between Doda and Kishtwár, there was at this place a permanent bridge which he thus describes: \"A lever bridge of the boldest conformation, and remarkably well built, has been thrown across the rocky chasm which forms the bed of the Chenáb at this place. The river, about 70 yards in width, appears to have worn its way through two perpendicular walls of gneiss for a depth of about 60 feet, and the bridge is supported on 14 levers projecting on either side, the uppermost of the tier stretching out to a quarter of the whole distance. The whole is of deodar, and the centre is composed of two huge timbers, whose ends rest upon the levers, which are merely retained in their places by an immense weight of broken rock. It bent considerably under the weight of a few baggage carriers. It was constructed in 1836 by order of Guláb Singh, of Jamú, 300 men being employed upon it, and the produce of their efforts twice went to 'immortal smash' in the torrent; but I think the present bridge will long remain to attest the skill and perseverance of its architect.\" (Vigne.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 35.2, "source_longitude": 75.85, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 35° 12'. Long. 75° 51'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "Entry fragment; continues on next page.", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "fort", "town", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "r fifteen hundred feet above the river; the town consequently cannot be reached in one day from the bridge. When V" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "e Leopard's Leap,' is situated on the right bank of the Chandra Bhága, where the road between Doda and Kishtwár cr" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "Kishtwár crosses the river by a suspension-bridge. Kishtwár is 7 miles distant in a straight line, but the path is" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "right bank of the Chandra Bhága, where the road between Doda and Kishtwár crosses the river by a suspension-bridg" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "saimpur", "historical_name": "SAIMPUR", "modern_name": "Saimpur", "pdf_page": 327, "pdf_viewer_page": 341, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, between Pampúr and Srinagar. Saffron cultivation extends from the neighbourhood of this village as far as Tatapúr.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.033333, "source_longitude": 74.933333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 2'. Long. 74° 56'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "r. Village. A village situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, between Pampúr and Srinagar. Saffron cultivation e" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sakalu", "historical_name": "SAKALU", "modern_name": "Sakalu", "pdf_page": 327, "pdf_viewer_page": 341, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the right bank of the river, on the path between Púnch and Mandi, about 11 miles north-east of the former place, and one mile south-west of the latter. The houses, about 20 in number, are scattered through the rice-fields; this village is inhabited exclusively by Mahomedans.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.8, "source_longitude": 74.283333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 48'. Long. 74° 17'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "u. Village. A village situated on the right bank of the river, on the path between Púnch and Mandi, about 11 miles" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ated on the right bank of the river, on the path between Púnch and Mandi, about 11 miles north-east of the former" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "salambad", "historical_name": "SALAMBAD", "modern_name": "Salam Abad", "pdf_page": 327, "pdf_viewer_page": 341, "latitude": 34.0550456, "longitude": 73.9976946, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2990772621563568692&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Salam Abad 193123. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village in the Dachin district, situated above the right bank of the Jhelam, a few miles north-east of Gingl. A great deal of tobacco is grown about this village. (Montgomerie).", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2990772621563568692&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.166667, "source_longitude": 74.166667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 10'. Long. 74° 10'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJCz-TZzta4DgRNKJCgNpbgSk", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "e Dachin district, situated above the right bank of the Jhelam, a few miles north-east of Gingl. A great deal of t" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "salkalla", "historical_name": "SALKALLA", "modern_name": "Salkalla", "pdf_page": 327, "pdf_viewer_page": 341, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Lower Drawar, situated on the left bank of the Kishen Gang, almost opposite Sharkot. It is surrounded by a long stretch of rice cultivation by the bank of the river. The inhabitants number 16 families of Mahomedan zemindars, a carpenter, and a múlla. Hubbibúláh, the present lambardar, is said to be a nephew of Shere Ahmud, ex-Rajah of Karnoa. There is a masjid in the village and the shrine of the Char Yar, or four companions of Mohamed.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.566667, "source_longitude": 73.933333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 34'. Long. 73° 56'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Neelum Valley Kashmir", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "Shere Ahmud, ex-Rajah of Karnoa. There is a masjid in the village and the shrine of the Char Yar, or four companions" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "llage in Lower Drawar, situated on the left bank of the Kishen Gang, almost opposite Sharkot. It is surrounded by" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "saman", "historical_name": "SAMAN", "modern_name": "Saman", "pdf_page": 327, "pdf_viewer_page": 341, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the top of the ridge above the right bank of the Chíl stream, about 5 miles north of Basoali, on the road towards Badrawár. The houses are much scattered; the most northerly section of the village is called Jasrota. The inhabitants are mostly Hindús, and are all engaged in the cultivation of the oil.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.55, "source_longitude": 75.983333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 33'. Long. 75° 59'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "llage. A village situated on the top of the ridge above the right bank of the Chíl stream, about 5 miles north of B" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ted on the top of the ridge above the right bank of the Chíl stream, about 5 miles north of Basoali, on the road t" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "eam, about 5 miles north of Basoali, on the road towards Badrawár. The houses are much scattered; the most norther" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "samatwari", "historical_name": "SAMATWARI", "modern_name": "Samatwari", "pdf_page": 328, "pdf_viewer_page": 342, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Uttar pargana, situated above the left bank of the Kamil, about a mile west of the Shalúra fort. It contains a few trees, and is surrounded by extensive rice-fields. The inhabitants number 13 families of Mohamedan zemindars and five Pandits. The river is fordable between this village and Champúrah, lying on the opposite bank.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.483333, "source_longitude": 74.15, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 29'. Long. 74° 9'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "fort", "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "MATWARI. Samatwari. Fort / historic site. A village in the Uttar pargana, situated above the left bank of the Kamil," }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the Uttar pargana, situated above the left bank of the Kamil, about a mile west of the Shalúra fort. It contains" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "an zemindars and five Pandits. The river is fordable between this village and Champúrah, lying on the opposite bank." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "samba", "historical_name": "SAMBA", "modern_name": "Samba", "pdf_page": 328, "pdf_viewer_page": 342, "latitude": 32.57, "longitude": 75.12, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba,_Jammu_and_Kashmir", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=32.57,75.12", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web-researched strong candidate: Samba. Wikipedia gives Samba at 32.57, 75.12; source describes Samba as a town south-east of Jammu on the Basantha/Basantar river.", "blurb": "A small town in the province of Jamú, situated on the left bank of the Basantha river, about 20 miles south-east of Jamú, and two marches (about 24 miles) north-west of Jasrota. Half a mile from the town is a palace which belonged to Sachet Sing, Guláb Singh's brother. The deobasa tree grows on the mountains not far from Samba; the bark, which is used by the Indian women to redden their gums, is collected and carried into Persia and Multán, where it obtains a ready sale. (Hügel.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba,_Jammu_and_Kashmir", "source_latitude": 32.566667, "source_longitude": 75.183333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 34'. Long. 75° 11'.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "town", "garden" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "A small town in the province of Jamú" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "Half a mile from the town is a palace... The deobasa tree grows on the mountains not far from Samba" } ], "feature_notes": "Samba is a town with a nearby palace and noted tree growth that can be linked to garden features.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "samgam", "historical_name": "SAMGAM", "modern_name": "Sangam", "pdf_page": 328, "pdf_viewer_page": 342, "latitude": 33.8275058, "longitude": 75.0720656, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13369039730189859985&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Sangam 192124. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "The name of a grazing ground in the valley of the Sargan or Kankatori stream. It is traversed by the path leading from the village of Sharidi, in Upper Drawar, towards Chilás, on which road it forms the first stage. Fuel and water may, it is said, be obtained here.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13369039730189859985&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.9, "source_longitude": 74.25, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 54'. Long. 74° 15'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJmZp9wY8b4jgRkfwMas1eiLk", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "illage. The name of a grazing ground in the valley of the Sargan or Kankatori stream. It is traversed by the path le" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "or Kankatori stream. It is traversed by the path leading from the village of Sharidi, in Upper Drawar, towards Chi" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "samla", "historical_name": "SAMLA", "modern_name": "Samla", "pdf_page": 328, "pdf_viewer_page": 342, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Khuihám pargana, situated on the right bank of the Erin Nala. Below this village the stream is practicable, and is frequently bridged. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.416667, "source_longitude": 74.766667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 25'. Long. 74° 46'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the Khuihám pargana, situated on the right bank of the Erin Nala. Below this village the stream is practicable, a" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sandar", "historical_name": "SANDAR", "modern_name": "Sandar", "pdf_page": 328, "pdf_viewer_page": 342, "latitude": 32.5814837, "longitude": 75.8475853, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=6698535430573345010&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 4: Historical Sandar is north-east of Basoli opposite Sandara in Chamba territory; existing Sandar candidate in the Basohli/Kathua-Chamba hill corridor retained.", "blurb": "A village in the district of Jamú, on a table-land opposite Sandara (in Chamba territory), about 5 koss north-east of Basoli. It consists of about 40 houses, scattered over a well cultivated plain, with shade and water; the inhabitants are Jat Hindús and are all zemindars. The sides of the table-land, which are very precipitous, rise 2 or 300 feet from the bed of the river, and are covered with jungle. The river is fordable, except when the snows are melting, and there is an excellent road from Sandara to Dalhousie and to Chamba.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=6698535430573345010&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 32.55, "source_longitude": 75.9, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 33'. Long. 75° 54'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJS_gX6FWMHDkR8kix1nv69Vw", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 91, "features": [ "village", "forest", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in the district of Jamú" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "The sides of the table-land... are covered with jungle" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "The river is fordable" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "there is an excellent road from Sandara to Dalhousie and to Chamba" } ], "feature_notes": "Sandar is a village on a table-land with jungle, near a fordable river and road access.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sandigam", "historical_name": "SANDIGAM", "modern_name": "Sangam", "pdf_page": 328, "pdf_viewer_page": 342, "latitude": 33.8275058, "longitude": 75.0720656, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13369039730189859985&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Sangam 192124. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village situated on the south-west side of the Loláb valley. There is a path from this village over the mountains to Kúndi, in the Uttar pargana, from which there is a branch to Keigham; they are both good roads and quite passable for laden ponies. The journey is about five hours' easy walking. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13369039730189859985&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.466667, "source_longitude": 74.433333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 28'. Long. 74° 26'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJmZp9wY8b4jgRkfwMas1eiLk", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ituated on the south-west side of the Loláb valley. There is a path from this village over the mountains to Kúndi, i" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "h-west side of the Loláb valley. There is a path from this village over the mountains to Kúndi, in the Uttar parga" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sandok", "historical_name": "SANDOK", "modern_name": "Sandok", "pdf_page": 328, "pdf_viewer_page": 342, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A hamlet in Lower Drawar, situated on the slopes of the mountains above the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, about 2 miles south of Dúral. It is inhabited by three families of Syuds and one of Gújars. There are a few shady trees about the place, and among them a chunar.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.533333, "source_longitude": 73.883333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 32'. Long. 73° 53'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "SANDOK. Sandok. Gazetteer entry. A hamlet in Lower Drawar, situated on the slopes of the mountains above th" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the slopes of the mountains above the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, about 2 miles south of Dúral. It is inhabite" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sandran", "historical_name": "SANDRAN", "modern_name": "Sandran", "pdf_page": 328, "pdf_viewer_page": 342, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This river, which is one of the sources of the Jhelam, rises on the mountains in the neighbourhood of the Nand Marg pass, at the south-eastern extremity of Kashmir, and flows in a north-westerly direction through the Shahabad valley, forming a junction with the united waters of the Bring and Arpat rivers at the village of Harnag, lat. 33° 44', long. 75° 10', just west of the town of Islamabad. During the melting of the snows it is a vast torrent, but the natives say that in winter its channel completely dries from between the villages of Kút and Tamman as far as the confluence of the stream which flows from the Vernág spring; it is likewise further augmented by the waters of the Vettarittar Nág. The bed of the river is generally very broad, it consequently has not much depth, and may usually be forded; it is also crossed by numerous temporary bridges.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "town", "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "waters of the Bring and Arpat rivers at the village of Harnag, lat. 33° 44', long. 75° 10', just west of the town of" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "tains in the neighbourhood of the Nand Marg pass, at the south-eastern extremity of Kashmir, and flows in a north-" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "SANDRAN. Sandran. Town. This river, which is one of the sources of the Jhelam, rises on the mountain" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "e of the stream which flows from the Vernág spring; it is likewise further augmented by the waters of the Vettaritta" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sangam", "historical_name": "SANGAM", "modern_name": "Sangam", "pdf_page": 329, "pdf_viewer_page": 343, "latitude": 33.8275058, "longitude": 75.0720656, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangam,_Jammu_and_Kashmir", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13369039730189859985&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 7: Historical Sangam is the Jhelum ferry/ghat opposite Khodawain near the Veshau-Rambiara confluence; modern Sangam in Anantnag preserves the same Jhelum confluence setting. Wikipedia link added.", "blurb": "The name of a ghát and ferry situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, opposite the village of Khodawain and the confluence of the Sadarāji Nala, through which the combined waters of the Veshau and Rembiára rivers join the Jhelam. An extensive traffic is carried on at this ghát. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13369039730189859985&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.833333, "source_longitude": 75.116667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 50'. Long. 75° 7'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJmZp9wY8b4jgRkfwMas1eiLk", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 96, "features": [ "bridge_or_ferry", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "The name of a ghát and ferry situated on the right bank of the Jhelam" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the confluence of the Sadarāji Nala, through which the combined waters... join the Jhelam" } ], "feature_notes": "Sangam is a ferry crossing at a river confluence.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sangam-2", "historical_name": "SANGAM", "modern_name": "Sangam", "pdf_page": 329, "pdf_viewer_page": 343, "latitude": 33.8275058, "longitude": 75.0720656, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13369039730189859985&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Sangam 192124. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "The name of a small plain and pasturage situated at the north-west end of the Zagnai valley. It is said to be distant 6 koss from the village of Mangil, on the east side of the Maru Wardwan valley; the path follows the course of the Mangil stream.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13369039730189859985&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.85, "source_longitude": 75.783333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 51'. Long. 75° 47'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJmZp9wY8b4jgRkfwMas1eiLk", "finalized": false, "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ituated at the north-west end of the Zagnai valley. It is said to be distant 6 koss from the village of Mangil, on t" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "e east side of the Maru Wardwan valley; the path follows the course of the Mangil stream." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sangot", "historical_name": "SANGOT", "modern_name": "Sangot", "pdf_page": 329, "pdf_viewer_page": 343, "latitude": 33.15562, "longitude": 73.757833, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=17838405291171412740&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Sangot, Mirpur. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A large village in Naoshera, about 2 miles south of Mirpúr, on the road to the Gatala ferry; it contains about 70 houses in all, distributed into 13 mahallas or districts; there are three masjids in the village. Only dry crops are grown in the neighborhood, there being a scarcity of water.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=17838405291171412740", "source_latitude": 33.166667, "source_longitude": 73.8, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 10'. Long. 73° 48'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJaybvxeTrHzkRBHu4sxm_jvc", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village", "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A large village in Naoshera" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "there are three masjids in the village" } ], "feature_notes": "Sangot is a large village containing three mosques.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sangri-galli", "historical_name": "SANGRI GALLI", "modern_name": "Sangri Galli", "pdf_page": 329, "pdf_viewer_page": 343, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a pass over the range of mountains forming the water-shed between the Kunara and Kishen Ganga rivers. It lies almost due north of the small town of Kúri, and is crossed by a path from that place leading towards the village of Gúnúl.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.55, "source_longitude": 73.5, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 33'. Long. 73° 30'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "town", "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "a path from that place leading towards the village of Gúnúl." }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "SANGRI GALLI. Sangri Galli. Town. The name of a pass over the range of mountai" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "rming the water-shed between the Kunara and Kishen Ganga rivers. It lies almost due north of the small town of Kúri, and i" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "the small town of Kúri, and is crossed by a path from that place leading towards the village of Gúnúl." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sangsofed", "historical_name": "SANGSOFED", "modern_name": "Sangsofed", "pdf_page": 329, "pdf_viewer_page": 343, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of the stream which forms the source of the Dúdh Ganga river. It rises on the Pansál range to the north of the Chittapani pass, and flows through thick forests and undulating grassy downs, debouching into the plains of Kashmir through a deep ravine to the south of Chiráar. (Vigne—Ali good.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Yousmarg", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "pass" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ce of the Dúdh Ganga river. It rises on the Pansál range to the north of the Chittapani pass, and flows through thic" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "saogam", "historical_name": "SAOGAM", "modern_name": "Sangam", "pdf_page": 329, "pdf_viewer_page": 343, "latitude": 33.8275058, "longitude": 75.0720656, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13369039730189859985&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Sangam 192124. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A large village containing some good houses, but in a most ruinous condition. It is situated on the left bank of the stream, which flows down from the Bringhin-Lannor valley, and is distant about 10 miles south of Islamabad and 4½ miles north of the Khúndí valley. The elevated land on the east of it is the karewah of Byhama, on the summit of which is a canal formed for the purpose of irrigation. (Vigne.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13369039730189859985&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.616667, "source_longitude": 75.166667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 37'. Long. 75° 10'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJmZp9wY8b4jgRkfwMas1eiLk", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "inous condition. It is situated on the left bank of the stream, which flows down from the Bringhin-Lannor valley," } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "saogam-2", "historical_name": "SAOGAM", "modern_name": "Sangam", "pdf_page": 329, "pdf_viewer_page": 343, "latitude": 33.8275058, "longitude": 75.0720656, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13369039730189859985&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Sangam 192124. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "The name of a village situated in a beautiful well watered and well wooded glen, which opens into the east side of the Kuthár pargana. It contains a masjid and 15 houses, 12 of which are inhabited by Kashmiri zemindars and three by Gujárs.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13369039730189859985&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.7, "source_longitude": 75.416667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 42'. Long. 75° 25'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJmZp9wY8b4jgRkfwMas1eiLk", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "t side of the Kuthár pargana. It contains a masjid and 15 houses, 12 of which are inhabited by Kashmiri zemindars an" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "saog-nd", "historical_name": "SAOGŪND", "modern_name": "Saogūnd", "pdf_page": 330, "pdf_viewer_page": 344, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village lying to the south of the Shahabad valley, on the right bank of the Hálún stream, which is crossed by a rough bridge. It is inhabited by nine families of zemindars and a Syud.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.516667, "source_longitude": 75.316667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 31'. Long. 75° 19'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Yousmarg", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "village lying to the south of the Shahabad valley, on the right bank of the Hálún stream, which is crossed by a rou" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "e Hálún stream, which is crossed by a rough bridge. It is inhabited by nine families of zemindars and a Syud." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "saraib-n", "historical_name": "SARAIBÚN", "modern_name": "Saraibún", "pdf_page": 330, "pdf_viewer_page": 344, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of the lofty range of mountains situated at the north-eastern extremity of the Trál valley, above the village of Narastán.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.1, "source_longitude": 75.166667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 6'. Long. 75° 10'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Saraibal", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "N. Saraibún. Village. The name of the lofty range of mountains situated at the north-eastern extremity of the Trál" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "at the north-eastern extremity of the Trál valley, above the village of Narastán." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sarana", "historical_name": "SARANA", "modern_name": "Sarana", "pdf_page": 330, "pdf_viewer_page": 344, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Badrawár, situated about 3 miles north-west of that town, above the path leading towards Doda. It is inhabited by a mixed population of Hindú and Mahomedan zemindars, including one blacksmith.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": 75.733333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33°. Long. 75° 44'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "town", "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "SARANA. Sarana. Town. A village in Badrawár, situated about 3 miles north-west of that town, abov" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "3 miles north-west of that town, above the path leading towards Doda. It is inhabited by a mixed population of Hi" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "saremozebala", "historical_name": "SAREMOZEBALA", "modern_name": "Saremozebala", "pdf_page": 330, "pdf_viewer_page": 344, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a pargana in the Shupian zillah of the Míráj division of Kashmir. It comprises that portion of the valley which is traversed by the Jhelam below Bij Behára, which is the tehsil station. This pargana was formed by Dewan Todamul subsequent to his original distribution of the valley into 33 parganas.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Sarbal Lake", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "town", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "y the Jhelam below Bij Behára, which is the tehsil station. This pargana was formed by Dewan Todamul subsequent to his origi" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "f Kashmir. It comprises that portion of the valley which is traversed by the Jhelam below Bij Behára, which is the t" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "saremozapatn", "historical_name": "SAREMOZAPATN", "modern_name": "Saremozapatn", "pdf_page": 330, "pdf_viewer_page": 344, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a pargana which is included in the Patan zillah of the Kamráj division of Kashmir; it comprises that portion of the valley which is traversed by the Jhelam before it enters the Wular lake. The tehsil station is at Sombal. This pargana was formed by Dewan Todamul subsequent to his original distribution of the valley into 33 parganas.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Lake / spring / water site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kashmir gulmarg", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "town", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: Lake / spring / water site" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "Jhelam before it enters the Wular lake. The tehsil station is at Sombal. This pargana was formed by Dewan Todamul subsequent" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "SAREMOZAPATN. Saremozapatn. Lake / spring / water site. The name of a pargana which is included in the Pata" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sartangal", "historical_name": "SARTANGAL", "modern_name": "Sartangal", "pdf_page": 330, "pdf_viewer_page": 344, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated at the southern extremity of the Badrawár valley, about two miles south of that town. It lies on a flat sloping spur above the right bank of the Hálúni stream, and is surrounded by extensive cultivation. Below the village are the remains of a stone bridge, which is said to have fallen about twelve years ago and has not been replaced; foot-passengers can still cross the stream by a series of planks and trunks of trees, but cattle must be sent round by the Monda bridge, which lies about half a mile to the north-east. The population numbers 10 families, of whom four are Mahomedan blacksmiths and six low-caste Hindús. At this village the roads from Badrawár towards Chamba by the Padri pass, and towards Basaoli by the Chatardhar pass, separate.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.95, "source_longitude": 75.766667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 57'. Long. 75° 46'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Sartingel", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "town", "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "SARTANGAL. Sartangal. Town. A village situated at the southern extremity of the Badrawár valley, about" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "s from Badrawár towards Chamba by the Padri pass, and towards Basaoli by the Chatardhar pass, separate." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "d at the southern extremity of the Badrawár valley, about two miles south of that town. It lies on a flat sloping sp" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "elow the village are the remains of a stone bridge, which is said to have fallen about twelve years ago and has not" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "sive cultivation. Below the village are the remains of a stone bridge, which is said to have fallen about twelve year" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sasawar", "historical_name": "SASAWAR", "modern_name": "Sasawar", "pdf_page": 330, "pdf_viewer_page": 344, "latitude": 33.262163, "longitude": 73.785534, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Nagyal+house/@33.262163,73.785534,1041m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m15!1m8!3m7!1s0x391fe89e4fa1b323:0xd14edba9f972442b!2sNagial+Road!3b1!8m2!3d33.2522026!4d73.7747947!16s%2Fg%2F1hc0w6851!3m5!1s0x391fe950616fd6bd:0xb242064188685313!8m2!3d33.2512353!4d73.7760889!16s%2Fg%2F11tsxrqv0g?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMi4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Naoshera, situated on the high ground some distance from the left bank of the Púnch Toi river, a few miles east of Chowmuk. It contains 13 houses inhabited by zemindars.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Nagyal+house/@33.262163,73.785534,1041m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m15!1m8!3m7!1s0x391fe89e4fa1b323:0xd14edba9f972442b!2sNagial+Road!3b1!8m2!3d33.2522026!4d73.7747947!16s%2Fg%2F1hc0w6851!3m5!1s0x391fe950616fd6bd:0xb242064188685313!8m2!3d33.2512353!4d73.7760889!16s%2Fg%2F11tsxrqv0g?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMi4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.3, "source_longitude": 73.816667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 18'. Long. 73° 49'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Shalimar Garden", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the high ground some distance from the left bank of the Púnch Toi river, a few miles east of Chowmuk. It contains" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "satani", "historical_name": "SATANI", "modern_name": "Satani", "pdf_page": 330, "pdf_viewer_page": 344, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a stream which rises in the mountains on the north side of the Tilai valley and flows into the Kishen Ganga, lat. 34° 36', long. 75° 1'. The path leading towards Drás crosses it by a bridge at the village of Purana Tilai, just above its junction with the Kishen Ganga; it is also fordable.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "SATANI. Satani. Village. The name of a stream which rises in the mountains on the north side of the Tilai valle" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "e path leading towards Drás crosses it by a bridge at the village of Purana Tilai, just above its junction with the" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "shen Ganga, lat. 34° 36', long. 75° 1'. The path leading towards Drás crosses it by a bridge at the village of Pur" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sathra", "historical_name": "SATHRA", "modern_name": "Sathra", "pdf_page": 331, "pdf_viewer_page": 345, "latitude": 33.7474238, "longitude": 74.2208673, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=18439923695436686112&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Sathra 185102. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "This village is situated on the slope of the hill just above the path from Pûench to Mandi, about 8 miles from the former place. It contains 15 houses, half of the inhabitants being Hindûs, and half Mohamedans. Rice and dry crops are both grown in this village, and a very fine variety of pear; the lusciousness of the fruit is said to be produced by irrigating the young trees with milk!", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=18439923695436686112&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.766667, "source_longitude": 74.25, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 46'. Long. 74° 15'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJm2k7cqzM4TgRIOPP7-bE5_8", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village", "garden" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "This village... It contains 15 houses" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "Rice and dry crops are both grown in this village, and a very fine variety of pear" } ], "feature_notes": "Sathra is a village with agricultural gardens producing rice, crops, and pears.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "satkhol", "historical_name": "SATKHOL", "modern_name": "Satkhol", "pdf_page": 331, "pdf_viewer_page": 345, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a stream which rises in seven ravines in the Dûdhi slopes on the north side of Satkoji, a mountain in the Shamshabari range; it joins the Bangás stream, one of the sources of the Kamil, lat. 34° 25', long. 74° 2'. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Himalayan Ashram Satkhol", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "pass" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "e of Satkoji, a mountain in the Shamshabari range; it joins the Bangás stream, one of the sources of the Kamil, lat" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "satti", "historical_name": "SATTI", "modern_name": "Satti", "pdf_page": 331, "pdf_viewer_page": 345, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A hamlet in Gûrais, situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, about half a mile north-west of Thaobut. It contains a masjid and a ziárat, and two houses inhabited by Syûds. The inhabitants of the neighbouring village of Thaobut assist in the cultivation of the arable lands around this hamlet, which are rather extensive. The Kishen Ganga used to be bridged at this spot, but the bridge having been repeatedly carried away by the floods, it has not been replaced.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.75, "source_longitude": 74.733333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 45'. Long. 74° 44'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "a mile north-west of Thaobut. It contains a masjid and a ziárat, and two houses inhabited by Syûds. The inhabitants" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": ". A hamlet in Gûrais, situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, about half a mile north-west of Thaobut. It" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "ga used to be bridged at this spot, but the bridge having been repeatedly carried away by the floods, it has not bee" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "satura", "historical_name": "SATURA", "modern_name": "Satura", "pdf_page": 331, "pdf_viewer_page": 345, "latitude": 34.0393513, "longitude": 75.0739897, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Gand+Bal+Satoora/@34.0393513,75.0739897,783m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e225ef4675eb21:0xbbd3f34ef9c2dac8!8m2!3d34.0412848!4d75.0756914!16s%2Fg%2F11ngpqgv83?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 4: Historical Satura is north of Arphal/Aripal at the Narastan stream junction in the Tral area; modern Satura in Aripal/Tral matches the gazetteer geography and the existing candidate is retained.", "blurb": "A large village lying towards the northern extremity of the Villár pargana, at the junction of the Narastán Nai, about 2 miles north of Arphal. At the entrance to the village on the south side is the ziárat of Syud Mohamed Bakhári, a building of unusual size, which exhibits some fine specimens of carved wood-work; it is surrounded by a wall and shaded by forest trees. The population numbers 50 families of zemindars, a dóm, a blacksmith, a carpenter, two cowherds, and a krim-kush (rearer of silkworms). A government flatûre is now building. This village covers a considerable extent of ground, as the houses are much scattered. Being situated near the junction of the streams which flow through the Trál valley, it is well supplied with water.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Gand+Bal+Satoora/@34.0393513,75.0739897,783m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e225ef4675eb21:0xbbd3f34ef9c2dac8!8m2!3d34.0412848!4d75.0756914!16s%2Fg%2F11ngpqgv83?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 34.033333, "source_longitude": 75.116667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 2'. Long. 75° 7'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJRSkgQA8k4jgRk5k9advhxnQ", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 94, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "forest", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A large village lying towards the northern extremity of the Villár pargana" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "At the entrance to the village... is the ziárat of Syud Mohamed Bakhári" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "shaded by forest trees" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "Situated near the junction of the streams which flow through the Trál valley" } ], "feature_notes": "Large village with a shrine, shaded by forest trees and near streams.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sedau", "historical_name": "SEDAU", "modern_name": "Sedau", "pdf_page": 331, "pdf_viewer_page": 345, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village very pleasantly situated at the foot of the Pansál range, where the mountains swell in downs into the plain about 5 miles south-west of Shupian. It lies at the foot of the ascent of the Bûdil or Sedau pass, at a distance of about 35 miles from the village of Bûdil. The road is good, with the exception of the part near the summit, and is practicable for ponies. A comparatively large amount of traffic passes through Sedau, for the reason that the duties levied on this route are less than on either the Pir Panjál or Banihál roads. The customs establishment at Sedau consists of four Pandits. There are about 20 houses in the village, double-storied buildings of sun-dried bricks and timber, with pent shingle roofs, which are overlaid with birch-bark and a layer of earth. An orchard affords ample and convenient space for encamping, but the small stream which runs through the village furnishes a somewhat scanty supply of water; the Veshaur river flows about a mile to the south-east.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.666667, "source_longitude": 74.833333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 40'. Long. 74° 50'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "garden", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "d on this route are less than on either the Pir Panjál or Banihál roads. The customs establishment at Sedau consi" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "id with birch-bark and a layer of earth. An orchard affords ample and convenient space for encamping, but the small s" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "very pleasantly situated at the foot of the Pansál range, where the mountains swell in downs into the plain about 5" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "nvenient space for encamping, but the small stream which runs through the village furnishes a somewhat scanty supply" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "out 35 miles from the village of Bûdil. The road is good, with the exception of the part near the summit, and is p" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "seh-p-r", "historical_name": "SEHṚPŪR", "modern_name": "Sehṛpūr", "pdf_page": 332, "pdf_viewer_page": 346, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Machiháma pargana, lying to the north-east of Makhám near the right bank of the Suknág. It is surrounded by rice cultivation, and contains a masjid, and 10 houses inhabited by zemindars.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.083333, "source_longitude": 74.666667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 5'. Long. 74° 40'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Yousmarg", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "rounded by rice cultivation, and contains a masjid, and 10 houses inhabited by zemindars." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "to the north-east of Makhám near the right bank of the Suknág. It is surrounded by rice cultivation, and contains" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sel", "historical_name": "SEL", "modern_name": "Sel", "pdf_page": 332, "pdf_viewer_page": 346, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Birwa pargana, situated in a clump of trees on the right bank of the Suknág, about 8 miles north of Makháma, on the road towards Drang and the Tosha Maídán pass. It contains a masjid and the zíárat of Syud Mohamed Gázi, and about 20 houses inhabited by zemindars. There is much rice cultivation about the village. The channel of the Suknág is broad, but the stream is fordable, having no depth.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.983333, "source_longitude": 74.6, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 59'. Long. 74° 36'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "ng and the Tosha Maídán pass. It contains a masjid and the zíárat of Syud Mohamed Gázi, and about 20 houses inhabite" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "the road towards Drang and the Tosha Maídán pass. It contains a masjid and the zíárat of Syud Mohamed Gázi, and ab" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": ", situated in a clump of trees on the right bank of the Suknág, about 8 miles north of Makháma, on the road toward" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "l of the Suknág is broad, but the stream is fordable, having no depth." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "nág, about 8 miles north of Makháma, on the road towards Drang and the Tosha Maídán pass. It contains a masjid and" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "semitan", "historical_name": "SEMITAN", "modern_name": "Semitan", "pdf_page": 332, "pdf_viewer_page": 346, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, on the west side of the Kút wudar, below the town of Bij Behára. Just above the village the remains of a stone bridge are visible on both banks of the river.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.816667, "source_longitude": 75.133333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 49'. Long. 75° 8'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "SinthanTop Daksum Kashmir", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "town", "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "SEMITAN. Semitan. Town. A village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, on the west side of the" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "mitan. Town. A village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, on the west side of the Kút wudar, below the town" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "st above the village the remains of a stone bridge are visible on both banks of the river." }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "n of Bij Behára. Just above the village the remains of a stone bridge are visible on both banks of the river." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "senibutti", "historical_name": "SENIBUTTI", "modern_name": "Senibutti", "pdf_page": 332, "pdf_viewer_page": 346, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Peristán, situated in a gorge in the mountains on the north side of the valley, just east of the village of Hálan, from which it is divided by a small torrent. It contains a temple, and six houses inhabited by Hindús. This village lies on the path from Kishtwár towards Kashmír by the Nandmarg pass, and some supplies and coolies may be obtained. There is no convenient encamping ground about the village, but a place may be found in the bed of the torrent; between it and Hálan the space, however, is confined, and wants shade.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.316667, "source_longitude": 75.383333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 19'. Long. 75° 23'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "serai", "religious_site", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "ies may be obtained. There is no convenient encamping ground about the village, but a place may be found in the bed of the tor" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "s divided by a small torrent. It contains a temple, and six houses inhabited by Hindús. This village lies on the pat" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "om Kishtwár towards Kashmír by the Nandmarg pass, and some supplies and coolies may be obtained. There is no conve" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "e in the mountains on the north side of the valley, just east of the village of Hálan, from which it is divided by a" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "habited by Hindús. This village lies on the path from Kishtwár towards Kashmír by the Nandmarg pass, and some supp" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "senkli", "historical_name": "SENKLI", "modern_name": "Senkli", "pdf_page": 332, "pdf_viewer_page": 346, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Kishtwár, situated on the top of a spur above the right bank of the Lider Khol stream. It contains 8 houses inhabited by Hindús, and is said to lie on the path between Borkan and Rámband.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.266667, "source_longitude": 75.483333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 16'. Long. 75° 29'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "tuated on the top of a spur above the right bank of the Lider Khol stream. It contains 8 houses inhabited by Hindú" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "abited by Hindús, and is said to lie on the path between Borkan and Rámband." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ser", "historical_name": "SER", "modern_name": "Ser", "pdf_page": 332, "pdf_viewer_page": 346, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Púnch, situated on the high right bank of the Púnch Toi, in the angle formed by the junction of the Swan stream. There are about 50 houses in the village; the inhabitants are Pahari Mohamedans. The river, which is here very deep, is crossed by a ferry just east of the village; this ferry is known as the Ser or Batal ferry.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.733333, "source_longitude": 73.983333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 44'. Long. 73° 59'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kashmir", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "illage in Púnch, situated on the high right bank of the Púnch Toi, in the angle formed by the junction of the Swan" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "r, which is here very deep, is crossed by a ferry just east of the village; this ferry is known as the Ser or Batal" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "serai-shah-ji-marg", "historical_name": "SERAI SHAH JI MARG", "modern_name": "Serai Shah Ji Marg", "pdf_page": 332, "pdf_viewer_page": 346, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "An old serai, situated on the high road between Shupian and Srinagar, being the first of the two that intervene between those places. It was probably built by Akbar. At no great distance is a place where two or three large stones, a few feet high, are standing like those of Stonehenge. (Vigne.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.816667, "source_longitude": 74.866667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 49'. Long. 74° 52'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Serai / rest house", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "First descriptive paragraph continues on the next page.", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Mughal sarai", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "serai", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "serai", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "serai", "quote": "admin_status: Serai / rest house" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "/ rest house. An old serai, situated on the high road between Shupian and Srinagar, being the first of the two that int" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "serar", "historical_name": "SERAR", "modern_name": "Serar", "pdf_page": 333, "pdf_viewer_page": 347, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village, kotwáli and bázár, on the southern boundary of the territories of the Rajah of Púnch. It is situated on a high spur, at some little distance from the left bank of the Púnch Toi river, on the road between Púnch and Kotli, being about 16 miles south-west of the former, and 13 miles north of the latter, and is the usual and most convenient stage between the two towns. The following is a list of the inhabitants and trades:— Mahomedans (hillmen) ... ... ... ... 25 houses. „ Kashmiris ... ... ... ... 5 „ Hindús ... ... ... ... 35 „ In the bázár are 40 shops kept by Hindús, but of these a very small number are inhabited, the owners of the others being either occupied in cultivating their fields, or engaged in trade elsewhere. Besides shop-keepers, a carpenter, barber, leather-worker, potter, and a mulla live in the village. There is also a masjid and two dharamsalas. Serar is badly supplied with water, there being only a tank in the village, which is filled during the rains and dries in seasons of drought; water for drinking purposes must be brought from the river, which flows at some distance below the village. There is a small baradari for travellers at the north end of the bázár, well shaded by trees; but the building is now in a very ruinous condition. Coolies and supplies procurable.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.616667, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 37'. Long. 74°. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "town", "village", "serai", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "SERAR. Serar. Town. A large village, kotwáli and bázár, on the southern boundary of the territories o" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "the village. There is a small baradari for travellers at the north end of the bázár, well shaded by trees; but the buil" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "mulla live in the village. There is also a masjid and two dharamsalas. Serar is badly supplied with water, there be" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "spur, at some little distance from the left bank of the Púnch Toi river, on the road between Púnch and Kotli, bein" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "he left bank of the Púnch Toi river, on the road between Púnch and Kotli, being about 16 miles south-west of the f" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "seri", "historical_name": "SERI", "modern_name": "Seri", "pdf_page": 333, "pdf_viewer_page": 347, "latitude": 34.65, "longitude": 73.766667, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=14553066474737648836&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Seri. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A place lying some distance above the left bank of the Chandra Bhága, about 35 miles east of Kishtwár, on the path towards Lahual. When Captain Allgood passed along this road in 1853, he found at Seri merely a few deserted houses and an open space for encamping. (Allgood.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=14553066474737648836&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.3, "source_longitude": 76.083333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 18'. Long. 76° 5'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Pass / route", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ2XxuaVy34DgRxERic9rg9sk", "finalized": false, "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "features": [ "pass", "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "admin_status: Pass / route" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "853, he found at Seri merely a few deserted houses and an open space for encamping. (Allgood.)" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "A place lying some distance above the left bank of the Chandra Bhága, about 35 miles east of Kishtwár, on the pat" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "SERI. Seri. Pass / route. A place lying some distance above the left bank of the Chandra B" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "seri-2", "historical_name": "SERI", "modern_name": "Seri", "pdf_page": 333, "pdf_viewer_page": 347, "latitude": 34.65, "longitude": 73.766667, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=14553066474737648836&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Seri. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village situated about 9 miles north-west of Badrawár, on the road towards Doda. It lies on both banks of the Nerú, which is bridged by the trunk of a tree thrown across the stream. The most direct path for foot passengers towards Doda is said to be that by the right bank of the river. There are about 20 houses in all in the village, surrounded by extensive cultivation. The inhabitants are Hindú zemindars.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=14553066474737648836&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.05, "source_longitude": 75.7, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 3'. Long. 75° 42'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ2XxuaVy34DgRxERic9rg9sk", "finalized": false, "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ed by the trunk of a tree thrown across the stream. The most direct path for foot passengers towards Doda is said to" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "bout 9 miles north-west of Badrawár, on the road towards Doda. It lies on both banks of the Nerú, which is bridged" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "seri-3", "historical_name": "SERI", "modern_name": "Seri", "pdf_page": 333, "pdf_viewer_page": 347, "latitude": 34.65, "longitude": 73.766667, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=14553066474737648836&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Seri. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small hamlet surrounded by a patch of cultivation, situated on the right bank of the Chandra Bhága river, about 2 miles west of Rámban, on the high road towards Kashmír.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=14553066474737648836&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.233333, "source_longitude": 75.25, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 14'. Long. 75° 15'. Elev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ2XxuaVy34DgRxERic9rg9sk", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A small hamlet surrounded by a patch of cultivation" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "situated on the right bank of the Chandra Bhága river" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "on the high road towards Kashmír" } ], "feature_notes": "Seri is a small hamlet on a river bank along a high road.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "seril", "historical_name": "SERIL", "modern_name": "Seril", "pdf_page": 333, "pdf_viewer_page": 347, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A considerable village in the Banihál district, prettily situated about 2 miles north of the village of Banihál, on the road leading towards Kashmir. Some of the houses are double-storied, and have pent roofs. There are many fruit trees about the place, and an abundant supply of water from a little stream which flows through the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.466667, "source_longitude": 75.25, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 28'. Long. 75° 15'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "town", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "SERIL. Seril. Village. A considerable village in the Banihál district, prettily situated about 2 miles north of" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "d an abundant supply of water from a little stream which flows through the village." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "les north of the village of Banihál, on the road leading towards Kashmir. Some of the houses are double-storied, a" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "serkote", "historical_name": "SERKOTE", "modern_name": "Serkote", "pdf_page": 334, "pdf_viewer_page": 348, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated towards the north-west end of the Loláb valley. There is a very good road from this village, which crosses the ridge and descends a valley leading to the Kishen Ganga river. It is apparently only used by Gujars. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.55, "source_longitude": 74.366667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 33'. Long. 74° 22'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "d road from this village, which crosses the ridge and descends a valley leading to the Kishen Ganga river. It is ap" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ted towards the north-west end of the Loláb valley. There is a very good road from this village, which crosses the r" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "d of the Loláb valley. There is a very good road from this village, which crosses the ridge and descends a valley" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sertal", "historical_name": "SERTAL", "modern_name": "Sertal", "pdf_page": 334, "pdf_viewer_page": 348, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Basouli district, situated on the left bank of the Siowa river, above the junction of the Kad stream. It lies about 8 miles north of Púd, on the road between Basouli and Badrawár. The Siowa is crossed by a temporary bridge below the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.683333, "source_longitude": 75.85, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 41'. Long. 75° 51'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the Basouli district, situated on the left bank of the Siowa river, above the junction of the Kad stream. It lies" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "drawár. The Siowa is crossed by a temporary bridge below the village." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "It lies about 8 miles north of Púd, on the road between Basouli and Badrawár. The Siowa is crossed by a temporary" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "seru", "historical_name": "SERU", "modern_name": "Seru", "pdf_page": 334, "pdf_viewer_page": 348, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Basouli district, consisting of a cluster of houses situated on the hill side, above the left bank of the Siowa river, north-east of Bani.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.716667, "source_longitude": 75.866667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 43'. Long. 75° 52'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "s situated on the hill side, above the left bank of the Siowa river, north-east of Bani." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "shadera", "historical_name": "SHADERA", "modern_name": "Shadera", "pdf_page": 334, "pdf_viewer_page": 348, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A very small village, situated on a plateau above the right bank of the Jhelam, about 31 miles south-west of Baramúla. There is a double-storied bungalow for travellers, situated on the road near a ziárat, which is a pretty specimen of Kashmir wood-work. Some supplies are procurable from the village, which lies about half a mile above the path. (Allgood-Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.116667, "source_longitude": 74.016667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 7'. Long. 74° 1'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Shahdara", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "serai", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "úla. There is a double-storied bungalow for travellers, situated on the road near a ziárat, which is a pretty specimen o" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "for travellers, situated on the road near a ziárat, which is a pretty specimen of Kashmir wood-work. Some supplies a" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "lage, situated on a plateau above the right bank of the Jhelam, about 31 miles south-west of Baramúla. There is a" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "úla. There is a double-storied bungalow for travellers, situated on the road near a ziárat, which is a pretty specimen o" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "shadipur", "historical_name": "SHADIPUR", "modern_name": "Shadipur", "pdf_page": 334, "pdf_viewer_page": 348, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village on the left bank of the Jhelam, about 12 miles north-west of Srinagar, situated just opposite the confluence of the Sind river, and immediately above the spot where the Noró canal leaves the Jhelam. The journey from Shadipúr to Srinagar by water occupies about 6 hours, and the return passage about 4 hours. There is a solitary chunar in the bed of the Jhelam, just below the junction of the Sind, which, tradition says, never grows; it is enclosed in a mass of solid masonry, which rests upon a broad and stony foundation, near the right bank of the river. It is a Hindú place of worship, and dedicated to Mahadeo, and its top is reached by seven stone steps, which are placed at the lower end of the mass. In 1865 the trunk of the chunar was about 11 feet in circumference, and surrounded by an earthen platform, which was pierced by several small branches of the tree. Upon the west side of this platform there was a large lingam. This place is said to have been the scene of many an act of Hindú self-immolation; and it was here that Mitra Serma, the faithful dewan of the great king Lálitaditya, terminated his life by drowning himself in the presence of a multitude of people, as related in the Rajah Taringini. The sacrifice was made a matter of much ceremony. The man tired of his life performed his prescribed ablutions before a vast multitude, repeated the prayers required of his sect, and then seated himself in the water, praying all the while, and remaining there uncovered until drowned. Shadipúr is referred to by Abul Fazl as the city of Shahabadípúr, the ancient Phalapúr. (Vigne—Hügel—Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.183333, "source_longitude": 74.716667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 11'. Long. 74° 43'. Elev", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Shadipur", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "city", "river_or_lake", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "city", "quote": "Shadipúr is referred to by Abul Fazl as the city of Shahabadípúr, the ancient Phalapúr. (Vigne—Hügel—Ince.)" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "dipur. Village. A small village on the left bank of the Jhelam, about 12 miles north-west of Srinagar, situated ju" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "Abul Fazl as the city of Shahabadípúr, the ancient Phalapúr. (Vigne—Hügel—Ince.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "shahabad", "historical_name": "SHAHABAD", "modern_name": "Shahabad Bala", "pdf_page": 334, "pdf_viewer_page": 348, "latitude": 33.9052422, "longitude": 75.068485, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=15927370329267546106&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 manual candidate batch: Historical Shahabad is plausibly modern Shahabad Bala in the Dooru/Shahabad tract of south Kashmir; the modern name preserves the historical pargana label. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "The name of a pargana in the Anantág zillah of the Míráj division. It comprises a long and narrow valley lying at the south-eastern extremity of Kashmir, which is drained by the Sandran river. Rice is extensively cultivated throughout the valley.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=15927370329267546106&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJOwDEqdcY4jgR-qcWeu1iCd0", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 72, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "shahabad-or-dur", "historical_name": "SHAHABAD or DUR", "modern_name": "Shahabad Or Dur", "pdf_page": 335, "pdf_viewer_page": 349, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The imperial town, once the abode of the king; was the largest place at the south-east end of the valley of Kashmir; it is now merely a village containing a few good houses and some fine trees, and the palace of the Moguls is scarcely worth a remark. Its environs are overgrown with nettles and wild hemp. It lies snugly under the south side of a range of bluish-grey mountain limestone, which has apparently been deposited in regular strata, each of 2 or 3 feet in thickness, and being in some places bare of the long grass which usually covers them; they are to be seen lying contorted and twisted in every direction by the force that originally upraised them. The orchards of Shahabad still produce the best apples at the southern end of the valley, and the wheat that is grown there is considered to be the finest in Kashmir. Vigne states that he was credibly informed that veins of iron and copper existed in the neighbourhood of Shahabad, which were worked in the time of the Patáns. Shahabad was originally the residence of the most powerful of Akbar's Maliks, whose authority extended over the whole of the surrounding country, he being particularly charged with the military protection of the road to Hindustan by the Banihál pass. The family, in common with the old Rajahs of Kishtwár, claimed a descent from Nurshivan of Persia. According to Vigne, the original name of this place was Wer. Nurjehan Begum, after the palace was built, called it Shahabad; it is now almost universally known as Duru or Dûr. Shahabad lies on the right bank of the Sándran, about 12 miles south-east of Islamabad; two or three rapid streams have to be forded on the road, which, after heavy rain, are sometimes impassable for a few hours. The road to Vernág, which is about 3 miles to the south-east, crosses the Sándran by two bridges; the river may also be forded. Supplies are plentiful, and among the inhabitants is a nálband or blacksmith. (Moorcroft—Vigne—Hervey—Allgood.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.55, "source_longitude": 75.283333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 33'. Long. 75° 17. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Shahbad", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "town", "village", "fort", "garden", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "f the valley of Kashmir; it is now merely a village containing a few good houses and some fine trees, and the palace" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "ew good houses and some fine trees, and the palace of the Moguls is scarcely worth a remark. Its environs are overgr" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "he force that originally upraised them. The orchards of Shahabad still produce the best apples at the southern end of" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "p. It lies snugly under the south side of a range of bluish-grey mountain limestone, which has apparently been depo" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "largest place at the south-east end of the valley of Kashmir; it is now merely a village containing a few good hous" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "shahgund", "historical_name": "SHAHGUND", "modern_name": "Shahgund", "pdf_page": 335, "pdf_viewer_page": 349, "latitude": 34.2788962, "longitude": 74.5700306, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahgund", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9438497920198393943&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 3: Historical Shahgund is on the low southern edge of Wular Lake; modern Shahgund in Bandipora/Sumbal area matches the Wular lowland setting. Wikipedia link added.", "blurb": "A village situated on the low lands at the southern edge of the Wular lake.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9438497920198393943&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.3, "source_longitude": 74.616667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 18'. Long. 74° 37. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJTQn5QCEL4TgRV0Cw4tlH_II", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 95, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village situated on the low lands" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "at the southern edge of the Wular lake" } ], "feature_notes": "Village on lowlands adjacent to a lake.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sh-h-ka-kata", "historical_name": "SHÁH-KA-KATA", "modern_name": "Sháh-Ka-Kata", "pdf_page": 335, "pdf_viewer_page": 349, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a stream which rises on the northern slopes of the Haji Pir mountain. It is a brawling and rapid torrent, formed by the junction of two streams which unite a few hundred yards above the village of Hidra- bad, whence they may be seen rushing down their respective gorges. The Sháh-ka-kata flows nearly due north through a very deep and narrow valley, which is traversed by the road from Púnch; it empties itself into the Jhelam, lat. 34° 5', long. 74° 5', close to Uri. The Mari and Baramúla road is carried across the two branches of this stream by bridges formed of long trunks of deodar stretched from bank to bank, with rough planks or poles of the same wood laid across them, and fastened at each end to form the platform. (Allgood—Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "ch rises on the northern slopes of the Haji Pir mountain. It is a brawling and rapid torrent, formed by the junct" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "-KATA. Sháh-Ka-Kata. Village. The name of a stream which rises on the northern slopes of the Haji Pir mountain. It i" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "nd narrow valley, which is traversed by the road from Púnch; it empties itself into the Jhelam, lat. 34° 5', long." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "shah-kot", "historical_name": "SHAH KOT", "modern_name": "Shahkot", "pdf_page": 336, "pdf_viewer_page": 350, "latitude": 33.6496407, "longitude": 74.6435859, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Mughal+Shrine/@33.6496407,74.6435859,15.6z/data=!4m14!1m7!3m6!1s0x38e21b8874bc3fa1:0xbc9ccf562aa9aa1e!2sRimbiara+River!8m2!3d33.8136478!4d75.0571904!16s%2Fm%2F011jjhkw!3m5!1s0x38e1e7b517906feb:0x33e4bb76332b7012!8m2!3d33.6562974!4d74.6509878!16s%2Fg%2F11s3c0l6gm?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Shahkot, Pakistan. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "An old and dilapidated fort, situated on the eastern slopes of the Pir Panjál pass, about 4 miles east of Alliabád Serai. It lies on the right bank of the Rembiára, and occupies the extremity of the ridge between it and the Rupri valley. (Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Mughal+Shrine/@33.6496407,74.6435859,15.6z/data=!4m14!1m7!3m6!1s0x38e21b8874bc3fa1:0xbc9ccf562aa9aa1e!2sRimbiara+River!8m2!3d33.8136478!4d75.0571904!16s%2Fm%2F011jjhkw!3m5!1s0x38e1e7b517906feb:0x33e4bb76332b7012!8m2!3d33.6562974!4d74.6509878!16s%2Fg%2F11s3c0l6gm?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.65, "source_longitude": 74.683333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 39'. Long. 74° 41'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Serai / rest house", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJw7UBUTCeGDkRDQwriKMh_lM", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "fort", "bridge_or_ferry", "mountain" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "An old and dilapidated fort" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "It lies on the right bank of the Rembiára" }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "situated on the eastern slopes of the Pir Panjál pass" } ], "feature_notes": "Shah Kot is a fort on mountainous slopes by a river bank.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "shahkul", "historical_name": "SHAHKUL", "modern_name": "Shahkul", "pdf_page": 336, "pdf_viewer_page": 350, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of the canal which irrigates the eastern portion of the Khourpara pargana.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Hotel Shahkul Front", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": ". Shahkul. Gazetteer entry. The name of the canal which irrigates the eastern portion of the Khourpara pargana." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "shalin", "historical_name": "SHALIN", "modern_name": "Shalin", "pdf_page": 336, "pdf_viewer_page": 350, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "One of a cluster of villages situated above the right bank of the Líder Khol stream, on the slopes of a spur running from the Lohar Nág mountain. It contains about 6 houses inhabited by Hindús.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.2, "source_longitude": 75.5, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 12'. Long. 75° 30'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Chashme Shahi Garden", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "luster of villages situated above the right bank of the Líder Khol stream, on the slopes of a spur running from th" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "shalkot", "historical_name": "SHALKOT", "modern_name": "Shalkote Rafiabad, jammu and kashmir,193301", "pdf_page": 336, "pdf_viewer_page": 350, "latitude": 34.2582316, "longitude": 74.2633653, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=4324132096410839007&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Shalkote, Ladoora Rafiabad, 193301. Score 72; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village in Kishtwár, containing four houses inhabited by Hindús, situated a few miles west of Doda, above the left bank of the Líder Khol stream.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=4324132096410839007&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.166667, "source_longitude": 75.516667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 10'. Long. 75° 31'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ8YAtzMYB4TgR3-duQDtnAjw", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 72, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ed a few miles west of Doda, above the left bank of the Líder Khol stream." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "shalun", "historical_name": "SHALUN", "modern_name": "Shalun", "pdf_page": 336, "pdf_viewer_page": 350, "latitude": 34.0521877, "longitude": 74.8508018, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Rakh+Shalina/@34.0521877,74.8508018,5670m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e18942153b71fb:0xb942a32f3f774aad!8m2!3d34.0262606!4d74.8953!16s%2Fg%2F1hc2bhyqb?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in a district of the same name, situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, between Pampúr and Srinagar. There is a large government stable in this village, which likewise contains the steam plough imported by the Maharaja, but which, for some reason or other, is not used.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Rakh+Shalina/@34.0521877,74.8508018,5670m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e18942153b71fb:0xb942a32f3f774aad!8m2!3d34.0262606!4d74.8953!16s%2Fg%2F1hc2bhyqb?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 31.033333, "source_longitude": 74.933333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 31° 2'. Long. 74° 56'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in a district of the same name" } ], "feature_notes": "Shalun is described solely as a village.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "shal-ra", "historical_name": "SHALÚRA", "modern_name": "Shalúra", "pdf_page": 336, "pdf_viewer_page": 350, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village and fort situated on the left bank of the Kamil river, about 26 miles north-west of Sopúr, on the road leading towards the Karnao valley and Mozanfarabad by the Nattishannar Galli. It is the tehsil station of the Uttar pargana, within which it lies, and the tehsil business of the neighbouring small parganas of Ramhál and Naiharai is likewise transacted in this village. The inhabitants comprise the thanadar and kardar, and nine families of zemindars, a fakír, a harkara, a cow-keeper, and three Pandits, who are general shop-keepers. The Kamil flows on the south side of the village in two branches, which are crossed by kadal bridges; there is also a ford under the village of Champirán, about half a mile to the west. The fort is situated on a flat plain about 350 yards from the bank of the river; it is surrounded by open fields, and there is a grove of trees on the north-east side. It is a well built structure, of the usual square form, with a bastion tower at each corner. The lower portion of the walls, which are about 25 feet high, is constructed of undressed stone, the upper portion being of sun-dried bricks. Both walls and bastions are loopholed, and roofed with birch-bark covered with a layer of earth. The entrance is at the south-east corner; close to the gateway there is a masjid. The fort has no ditch, and the garrison is said to be dependent on a stream from the Kamil, which is carried under the walls, for its water supply; there is likewise a small spring near the entrance. The fort is said to contain a magazine, and to be garrisoned by 500 men. Rám Sing is the present killadar. This fort was built about 12 years ago on the site of the old fortress, which was sacked and burnt by Rajah Shere Ahmud, of Karnao, in his attack on Shalúra, and is said to be inferior in strength to the building it replaced, for it is asserted that, viewed from the inside, the defences appear much less formidable than an inspection of the outside would warrant one in supposing.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.483333, "source_longitude": 74.166667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 29'. Long. 74° 10'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "fort", "town", "village", "religious_site", "pass", "river_or_lake", "spring", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "arabad by the Nattishannar Galli. It is the tehsil station of the Uttar pargana, within which it lies, and the tehsil busine" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "SHALÚRA. Shalúra. Fort / historic site. A village and fort situated on the left bank of the Kamil river, about 26 m" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "ast corner; close to the gateway there is a masjid. The fort has no ditch, and the garrison is said to be dependent" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "valley and Mozanfarabad by the Nattishannar Galli. It is the tehsil station of the Uttar pargana, within which it l" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "te. A village and fort situated on the left bank of the Kamil river, about 26 miles north-west of Sopúr, on the ro" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "shamshabari-survey-station", "historical_name": "SHAMSHABARI—Survey Station.", "modern_name": "Shamshabari—survey Station.", "pdf_page": 337, "pdf_viewer_page": 351, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of the lofty range of rocky mountains forming the boundary of the Karnao valley on its east side, between the Nattishannar and Tútmarí Gallis. The Shamshabari stream drains the northern portion of the valley, and unites with the Kázi Nág below the village of Chamkot.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.35, "source_longitude": 73.983333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 21'. Long. 73° 59'. Elev. 14,351 feet.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ey Station.. Village. The name of the lofty range of rocky mountains forming the boundary of the Karnao valley on i" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ountains forming the boundary of the Karnao valley on its east side, between the Nattishannar and Tútmarí Gallis. Th" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sh-ngas", "historical_name": "SHÁNGAS", "modern_name": "Shángas", "pdf_page": 337, "pdf_viewer_page": 351, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village in the Kuthár pargana, shaded by some fine walnut and chunar trees, situated about 4 miles east of Achibal. There are about 125 houses in the village, which contains six masjids and the zíárats of Mohamed Sháh, Firoz Sháh, and Kasim Sháh; there is likewise a filature, and a government store-house for the supply of travellers and sportsmen in the Maru Wardwan valley, and the neighbouring mountains. Shángas is said to have been formerly celebrated for the number and beauty of its dancing girls, and there are now 30 families of jugglers among the inhabitants. A fine stream of pure cold water flows through the village, which likewise contains a spring called the Date Nág. There are three roads leading from Shángas into the Nowbg Nai, vid the Kachwan, Harikan, and Halkán Gallis. A thanadar and kardar reside in the village, and both coolies and supplies may be obtained. (Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.716667, "source_longitude": 75.333333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 43'. Long. 75° 20'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Shangus", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "serai", "river_or_lake", "spring", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "a government store-house for the supply of travellers and sportsmen in the Maru Wardwan valley, and the neighbouring mo" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ravellers and sportsmen in the Maru Wardwan valley, and the neighbouring mountains. Shángas is said to have been for" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "ough the village, which likewise contains a spring called the Date Nág. There are three roads leading from Shángas i" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "a government store-house for the supply of travellers and sportsmen in the Maru Wardwan valley, and the neighbouring mo" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "shanpura", "historical_name": "SHANPURA", "modern_name": "Shanpura", "pdf_page": 337, "pdf_viewer_page": 351, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village lying near the mouth of the Bud Nai valley, which opens into the Kuthár pargana at its north-eastern extremity. It lies above the right bank of the Timmeran stream, and is inhabited by three families of Kashmiris and one of Gújars. A small spring rises in the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.8, "source_longitude": 75.433333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 48'. Long. 75° 26'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "village lying near the mouth of the Bud Nai valley, which opens into the Kuthár pargana at its north-eastern extremi" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "ies of Kashmiris and one of Gújars. A small spring rises in the village." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sh-r", "historical_name": "SHÁR", "modern_name": "Shár", "pdf_page": 337, "pdf_viewer_page": 351, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Bih pargana, situated about 6 miles east of Pampúr; the most direct road lies through the rice-fields by the village of Koinabal, but that by Wian and Krew is very little longer, and a much better path. The miners live in the western portion of the village, and number 10 families; the eastern division is inhabited by 12 families of Mohamedan zemindars, a mulla, a din, a Pandit, and a Sikh sepoy. Rice and dry crops, including flax, are cultivated around this portion of the village, which contains a masjid, and is known as Shár Shail. The iron works at Shár are neither so profitable nor extensive as those at Sof, in the Bring pargana, nor is the quality of the iron so highly esteemed. The mine (for though there exist other old pits, but one is said to have been worked for two generations) lies about 3 koss from the village, on the side of the Gunsungd mountain; the road leading to it is described as being very rough. The geological formation of this mountain is exactly similar in appearance to that at Sof, in which the mines are situated. The entrance to the pit is described as shelving downwards, and from it numerous adits radiate to a maximum distance of 300 yards. Gallery frames are not used, and the rock being more homogenous, the mine is con idered much safer than those at Sof; props and supports for the roof are seldom required, and accidents from fire-damp, or asphyxia, seem to be unknown. The miners use a torch of pine strips called a \"lushie\" to light them at their work; this is not from choice, as they suffer much inconvenience from the smoke, but because their poverty does not permit them to use the 'denas' or oil-light, as is the custom in the Sof mines, where the miners, in addition to the profits from the iron works, add to their means by agriculture. The ore is carried by the miners to the village in bags or sacks made of goat skins. Smelting is carried on at intervals throughout the year, whenever a sufficient quantity of ore has been collected. The form of furnace is similar to that used at Sof, but the process employed is somewhat different. The bellows are furnished with a nozzle of mud and straw; these are rapidly consumed by the heat of the furnace, and have to be renewed no less than 32 times in the 24 hours during which the furnace is kept heated and smelting is in process. In this period, from two to four kharwars (288 to 576 lbs.) of ore are operated on, and the outturn is from four to six trakas (48 to 72 lbs.). Previous to being smelted the ore is pounded fine, as at Sof, but no flux is used, probably for the reason that the ochre is not found in this neighbourhood, which may perhaps, in some degree, account for the inferior quality of the iron. The charcoal used in the furnaces is prepared in the immediate vicinity of the village, on the north-west slopes of the Wastarwan mountain. The outturn of the Shar mine in 1871 is said to have been 33 kharwars (4,752 lbs.). There is no contractor, as at Sof, but a Pandit superintends the industry in the interests of the government, which appropriates the whole of the produce, paying the miner 13 chilki rupees for each kharwar. The miner does not, however, receive this sum in cash, but in kind, at the rate of a kharwar of rice for two chilikis, which, if he requires money, he sells for 1½ chilikis, the price it commands in the open market. All the iron is sent to Srinagar by way of Pampúr, the government very rarely permitting its sale on the spot; if so disposed of, the price charged is said to be a rupee (chilki) for 3½ seers.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.016667, "source_longitude": 75.05, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 1'. Long. 75° 3'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Shalimar Garden", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "town", "religious_site", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "chilikis, the price it commands in the open market. All the iron is sent to Srinagar by way of Pampúr, the governmen" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "is portion of the village, which contains a masjid, and is known as Shár Shail. The iron works at Shár are neither s" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ated about 6 miles east of Pampúr; the most direct road lies through the rice-fields by the village of Koinabal, but that" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sharibal", "historical_name": "SHARIBAL", "modern_name": "Sharibal", "pdf_page": 338, "pdf_viewer_page": 352, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a mountain situated towards the north end of the range lying between the Uttar pargana and the Lolab valley. There is a grazing ground on the top of the ridge between Sharibal and the Kahtta peak to the south-east, for 500 or 600 sheep, for six months; but more than that number go there annually for a shorter period. That part of the Lolab valley which lies to the north of the Sharibal mountain is thickly covered with jungle, and has little cultivation. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.5, "source_longitude": 74.383333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 30'. Long. 74° 23'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Aharbal Waterfall", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ntain situated towards the north end of the range lying between the Uttar pargana and the Lolab valley. There is a" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ing between the Uttar pargana and the Lolab valley. There is a grazing ground on the top of the ridge between Sharib" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sharidi", "historical_name": "SHARIDI", "modern_name": "Sharidi", "pdf_page": 338, "pdf_viewer_page": 352, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village of some importance, situated on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, at the northern extremity of Upper Drawar. The fort is the residence of the thanadar, whose authority extends as far down the valley as the village of Dinyer. Sharidi lies on the direct road from Kashmir to Chilás; the path crosses the Kishen Ganga by a zampa bridge, and follows the course of the Sargan, or Kankatori stream; it is said to be four stages to the village of Neat, in Chilás. The suspension-bridge crosses the Kishen Ganga to the north-east of the village and fort, at a spot where, during the melting of the snows, the stream is nearly 100 yards wide. When the waters subside, a temporary kádnal bridge is usually thrown across the river at a narrow part some hundred yards above the suspension-bridge; but it is only practicable for foot passengers, and cattle have at all times to be crossed by swimming, which is said to be a very hazardous operation, on account of the strength of the current and the number of rocks in the bed of the river. In the direction of Mozafarabad the main path follows the right bank of the Kishen Ganga; it is fairly good for foot passengers, but may be held to be impassable for cattle. Being very little used, it is not regularly repaired; but Colonel Gundu, late zilhadar of Mozafarabad, is said to have greatly improved the track some five years ago. There is also a path-way by the left bank of the river, leading to the suspension-bridge above Dúdinál, but it is described as being very rough. To the eastward of Sharidi, in the direction of Gúrais, there is no path, the river flowing through a narrow chasm in the mountains; the passage, however, has, on rare occasions, been successfully accomplished, but is both tedious and dangerous, and only passable when the river is at its lowest. Sharidi consists of about a dozen flat-roofed huts, scattered amid the cornfields. The village lands are bisected by the Madmatí or Katsíl-ka-katta stream, but the most part lie on the left bank. The best encamping ground is situated near the zírat of Syud Jumal, above the right bank of the stream, at some little distance from the bed of the river and the suspension-bridge. It is shaded by some walnuts, which are almost the only trees in the village. The fort is a square mud-built enclosure, with a bastion tower at each corner; it overhangs the left bank of the Madmatí stream, at a distance of about 200 yards from the course of the Kishen Ganga. The garrison is said to consist of two jamadars and 60 sepoys, with two zambúrahs, or small field-pieces. The fort is commanded from the east, at the distance of about 400 yards, by the ruins of an ancient Hindú temple. This temple, which consists of the usual cella surrounded by a walled enclosure, stands at the foot of a spur which rises above the right bank of the Madmatí stream, and slopes up gradually for some distance until it culminates in the precipitous pine-clad mountain which is traversed by the direct path leading towards Kashmír. The temple is approached by a stair-case about 9 feet wide, of steep, stone steps, some 63 in number, having on either side a massive balustrade, which is now falling to ruin. The entrance was through a double porchway at the south-west corner of the enclosure. A portion of the north side is still standing, and shows that the archway on the inside was of the trefoil, or Arian order, with a plain square doorway in the middle. The walls of the enclosure are heavy and massive, and rise to a height of about 11 feet to the coping stone inside, while on the outside their elevation depended upon the configuration of the ground on the west side, facing the stair-case; they are about 30 feet high. On the south side of the enclosure, the wall, which ran parallel to the bank of the stream, has mostly fallen. On the east side the coping rises in pyramidal form about 8 or 9 feet from the top of the wall, and this coping appears originally to have been carried all round the enclosure.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.8, "source_longitude": 74.233333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 48'. Long. 74° 14'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "The descriptive paragraph for SHARIDI is cut off at the end of the page and continues to the next page.", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Shri Sharda Mata Shakti Peeth Temple", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "fort", "village", "serai", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "SHARIDI. Sharidi. Fort / historic site. A village of some importance, situated on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "he most part lie on the left bank. The best encamping ground is situated near the zírat of Syud Jumal, above the right bank of" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "400 yards, by the ruins of an ancient Hindú temple. This temple, which consists of the usual cella surrounded by a w" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ge of some importance, situated on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, at the northern extremity of Upper Drawar. T" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "he path crosses the Kishen Ganga by a zampa bridge, and follows the course of the Sargan, or Kankatori stream; it is" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sharkot", "historical_name": "SHARKOT", "modern_name": "Sharkot", "pdf_page": 340, "pdf_viewer_page": 354, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Lower Drawár, situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga. It lies in a gorge which is traversed by a torrent known as the Mia Sahib-ka-katta. Opposite the village on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga is a remarkable perpendicular cliff, which is called Asi, from its supposed resemblance to a woman's mirror-ring. Sharkot contains a masjid, and about 20 houses inhabited by zemindars, including three lambardars, a mochi, a mulla, a carpenter, and a blacksmith. A little corn is grown, but most of the valley is devoted to rice cultivation, the upper portion being irrigated by means of a wooden aqueduct, which taps the stream at a higher level.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.566667, "source_longitude": 73.933333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 34'.\tLong. 73° 56'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "o a woman's mirror-ring. Sharkot contains a masjid, and about 20 houses inhabited by zemindars, including three lamb" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "lage in Lower Drawár, situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga. It lies in a gorge which is traversed by a t" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "shartalla", "historical_name": "SHARTALLA", "modern_name": "Shartalla", "pdf_page": 340, "pdf_viewer_page": 354, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Batal district, lying on the right bank of the Chandra Bhága; it is situated on the path between Riasai and the Baniál pass. The limestone strata at this place attract attention by their being raised up perpendicularly; and there is also a safe bridge over a very narrow but fearful chasm, or fissure, 100 feet in depth perpendicularly, in which a torrent is heard, but scarcely seen, in its way to join the Chandra Bhága. (Vigne.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.216667, "source_longitude": 75.116667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 13'.\tLong. 75° 7'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Shalimar Garden", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "d on the path between Riasai and the Baniál pass. The limestone strata at this place attract attention by their be" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "e in the Batal district, lying on the right bank of the Chandra Bhága; it is situated on the path between Riasai a" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "p perpendicularly; and there is also a safe bridge over a very narrow but fearful chasm, or fissure, 100 feet in dep" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "of the Chandra Bhága; it is situated on the path between Riasai and the Baniál pass. The limestone strata at this" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "shenkargarh-or-panzal-mulla", "historical_name": "SHENKARGARH or PANZAL MULLA", "modern_name": "Shenkargarh Or Panzal Mulla", "pdf_page": 341, "pdf_viewer_page": 355, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a small fort on the right bank of the Jhelam, opposite Naoshera. It lies about 10 miles south-west of Baramúla, on the road towards Mozafarabad. (Hügel.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.166667, "source_longitude": 74.25, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 10'. Long. 74° 15'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "fort", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "site. The name of a small fort on the right bank of the Jhelam, opposite Naoshera. It lies about 10 miles south-we" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "out 10 miles south-west of Baramúla, on the road towards Mozafarabad. (Hügel.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sherrit", "historical_name": "SHERRIT", "modern_name": "Sherrit", "pdf_page": 341, "pdf_viewer_page": 355, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, about midway between Hatian and Chakoti. Supplies are not procurable. (Allgood.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.166667, "source_longitude": 73.866667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 10'. Long. 73° 52'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Sherritt International Corporation", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "llage. A small village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, about midway between Hatian and Chakoti. Supplies" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "shewa", "historical_name": "SHEWA", "modern_name": "Shewa", "pdf_page": 341, "pdf_viewer_page": 355, "latitude": 33.1520979, "longitude": 75.4737974, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=17311663435413067223&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 4: Historical Shewa is in Badrawar/Bhaderwah above the Neru stream; existing Shewa candidate in the Bhaderwah-Doda tract matches the entry and is retained.", "blurb": "A large village in Badrawár, containing about 25 houses, inhabited by a mixed population of Hindús and Mohamedans, situated above the right bank of the Nerú stream, on the flat top of the spur which slopes down towards the Chandra Bhága. The broad face of the spur on which the village stands is almost entirely cultivated.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=17311663435413067223&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.133333, "source_longitude": 75.633333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 8'. Long. 75° 38'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJuyDI0lC6HTkR1xXqYixiP_A", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 92, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "garden" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A large village in Badrawár" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "situated above the right bank of the Nerú stream" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "almost entirely cultivated" } ], "feature_notes": "Shewa is a cultivated village located on a stream bank.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "shikara", "historical_name": "SHIKARA", "modern_name": "Shikara", "pdf_page": 341, "pdf_viewer_page": 355, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a pass over the water-shed between Khagán and the valley of the Kishen Ganga. It lies near the source of the Jagran stream. This pass is said only to be practicable for four months in the year, and is but little frequented.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.75, "source_longitude": 73.766667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 45'. Long. 73° 46'. Elev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Asif Shikara", "no_match_score": 22, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "pass" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "Shikara. River / watercourse. The name of a pass over the water-shed between Khagán and the valley of the Kishen G" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sh-sha-n-g", "historical_name": "SHÍSHA NÁG", "modern_name": "Shísha Nág", "pdf_page": 341, "pdf_viewer_page": 355, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small lake situated at the north-eastern extremity of Dachinpara, in a long valley or marge far above the region of forest enclosed by lofty snow-clad mountains. It lies chiefly in a punch-bowl formed by the nearly perpendicular precipices of a limestone ridge, whose strata up to the summits are as much twisted and distorted as those of the hills about Shahabad, rising from the plain of Kashmir, and with which they were most probably once upon a level, having been formed, to all appearance, during the same periods of time. The Shísha Nág is about a mile long and half a mile broad; it is connected with a small lake called the Zanti Nág, which is fed by an enormous glacier situated under three remarkable peaks, and from this latter lake the peculiar colouring matter of the Lidar river seems to be derived. A glacier-stream called Gratinúra flows into the north-east corner of the Shísha Nág, and up this stream the road to Amrnáth lies. This lake is held in great reverence, and is annually visited by throngs of pilgrims on their way to the Amrnáth cave, who perform their ablutions in its sacred waters. There are no habitations near, nor is wood procurable, but the grassy valley affords ample space for encamping. (Vigne—Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.083333, "source_longitude": 75.55, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 5'. Long. 75° 33'. Elev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "shisha lounge huff& puff", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "pass", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "rly perpendicular precipices of a limestone ridge, whose strata up to the summits are as much twisted and distorted" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "r of the Shísha Nág, and up this stream the road to Amrnáth lies. This lake is held in great reverence, and is ann" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "shokad-n-zi-rat", "historical_name": "SHOKADÍN ZIÁRAT", "modern_name": "Shokadín Ziárat", "pdf_page": 341, "pdf_viewer_page": 355, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The shrine of Baba Shakarúdín, a venerable Rishi, and one of the disciples of the great Shah Núr-úd-dín, occupies the summit of the higher of two eminences at the extremity of the spur which runs down from the mountains on the west side of the Wular lake. The hill is about 700 feet high, and may be ascended on horseback. The ziárat is an old and dilapidated building of the usual kind, but it commands a splendid view of the western portion of the valley. (Moorcroft—Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.366667, "source_longitude": 74.566667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 22'. Long. 74° 34'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Lake / spring / water site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Sakhi Zain ud Din Wali (ra) Cave and Shrine Aishmuqam", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "religious_site", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: Lake / spring / water site" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "SHOKADÍN ZIÁRAT. Shokadín Ziárat. Lake / spring / water site. The shrine of Baba" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "SHOKADÍN ZIÁRAT. Shokadín Ziárat. Lake / spring / water site. The shrine of Baba Shakarúdín, a venerable Rishi, a" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "shopar", "historical_name": "SHOPARÍ", "modern_name": "Shoparí", "pdf_page": 341, "pdf_viewer_page": 355, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Nagam pargana, situated about 3 miles north-west of Chrir. It consists of a cluster of about seven houses, and is connected with the hamlet of Narpari, lying about half a mile to the south, by a grove of pollard willows.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.883333, "source_longitude": 74.8, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 53'. Long. 74° 48'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kashmir Origin", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "showra", "historical_name": "SHOWRA", "modern_name": "Showra", "pdf_page": 342, "pdf_viewer_page": 356, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of one of the eight parganas in the Shupian zillah of the Miráj division of Kashmír. It comprises the low lands lying between the Naonagar and Zainapúr wadars, on the west side of the Jhelam. The tehsil station is at the village of Litar.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "town", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "wadars, on the west side of the Jhelam. The tehsil station is at the village of Litar." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "nd Zainapúr wadars, on the west side of the Jhelam. The tehsil station is at the village of Litar." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "shrakow-r", "historical_name": "SHRAKOWÁR", "modern_name": "Shrakowár", "pdf_page": 342, "pdf_viewer_page": 356, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Kruhin pargana, situated on the left bank of the Ningri stream, on the west side of a narrow ridge about 6 miles south of Sopúr, on the road towards Konuntra and the Gulmarg. It contains a masjid and two ziárats, of which that of Syud Mohamed Rúmí is the larger; also some watermills. The inhabitants number eight families of Mohamedan zemindars, eight grass-cutters in the employment of the government, and a Sikh sepoy. The village is surrounded by rice cultivation. The most convenient place for encamping is in the orchard on the west side. The Ningri stream is fordable, being very shallow; it is also usually bridged just south of the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.2, "source_longitude": 74.483333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 12'. Long. 74° 29'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Shalimar Garden", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "garden", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "rds Konuntra and the Gulmarg. It contains a masjid and two ziárats, of which that of Syud Mohamed Rúmí is the larger" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "st convenient place for encamping is in the orchard on the west side. The Ningri stream is fordable, being very shall" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "Ningri stream, on the west side of a narrow ridge about 6 miles south of Sopúr, on the road towards Konuntra and th" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "in the Kruhin pargana, situated on the left bank of the Ningri stream, on the west side of a narrow ridge about 6" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "hard on the west side. The Ningri stream is fordable, being very shallow; it is also usually bridged just south of the" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "shralgund", "historical_name": "SHRALGUND", "modern_name": "Shralgund", "pdf_page": 342, "pdf_viewer_page": 356, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Loláb valley, near Lalpúr. It almost meets Radanág, the two villages occupying a long narrow strip of land, with fields on both sides. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.483333, "source_longitude": 74.466667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 29'. Long. 74° 28'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Shralgund. Village. A village in the Loláb valley, near Lalpúr. It almost meets Radanág, the two villages occupying" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "shua", "historical_name": "SHUA", "modern_name": "Shua", "pdf_page": 342, "pdf_viewer_page": 356, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in Kishtwár, situated on the hill side, about 6 miles north-west of Doda, on the road towards the Brari Bal pass. It contains only three houses, inhabited by two families of Hindús and one of Mohamedans; but there is extensive cultivation, and many shady trees about the place. The neighbouring hamlet of Shungera, situated on the spur midway between Shúa and Badjaar, is inhabited by three Hindú families.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.166667, "source_longitude": 75.533333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 10'. Long. 75° 32'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Shuhama", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "of Doda, on the road towards the Brari Bal pass. It contains only three houses, inhabited by two families of Hind" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "e, about 6 miles north-west of Doda, on the road towards the Brari Bal pass. It contains only three houses, inhabi" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "shukru", "historical_name": "SHUKRU", "modern_name": "Shukru", "pdf_page": 342, "pdf_viewer_page": 356, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of one of the eight parganas in the Shupian zillah of the Miráj division of Kashmir. It comprises a district lying a few miles to the north of Shupian.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Shukroo Keller Road", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "Defaulted to village because no explicit feature evidence was found." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "shulip-ra", "historical_name": "SHULIPÚRA", "modern_name": "Shulipúra", "pdf_page": 342, "pdf_viewer_page": 356, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Dansu pargana. It lies on the direct road from Srinagar towards Drang and the Tosah Maidán pass.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.983333, "source_longitude": 74.733333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 59'. Long. 74° 44'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Tulip Garden Srinagar", "no_match_score": -3, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "Srinagar towards Drang and the Tosah Maidán pass." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "illage in the Dansu pargana. It lies on the direct road from Srinagar towards Drang and the Tosah Maidán pass." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sh-ngalpur", "historical_name": "SHÚNGALPUR", "modern_name": "Shúngalpur", "pdf_page": 342, "pdf_viewer_page": 356, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village situated at the foot of the forest-clad hills on the west side of the Bangil pargana. It contains a masjid and about 30 houses.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.966667, "source_longitude": 74.583333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 58'. Long. 74° 35'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "t side of the Bangil pargana. It contains a masjid and about 30 houses." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "shupian", "historical_name": "SHUPIAN", "modern_name": "Shopian", "pdf_page": 342, "pdf_viewer_page": 356, "latitude": 33.7160207, "longitude": 74.835621, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopian", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=15669539582798249797&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research confirmed prior Google candidate: Shupian maps to modern Shopian. Existing Google pin kept for precision; review before finalizing.", "blurb": "A town of some magnitude on the south-west side of the valley of Kashmir. It is situated on the right bank of the Remibára, a wide but shallow stream, and lies about 29 miles south of Srinagar, on the high road which crosses the Pir Panjál pass. It is likewise the point of departure for the roads lying over the Bútil and Goláb Garh passes; Dowal, on the south side of the latter, is distant three marches, about 31 miles south-east of Shupian; Islamabad lies about 20 miles due east, and is usually reached in two marches. Shupian gives its name to one of the three zillahs in the Miráj division of Kashmir, and is the tehsil station of the Batu pargana, within which it is situated; it was called Shahrah, or the king’s highway, in the time of the Moghuls. Dr. Elmslie estimates the population at 6,000, which would seem to be rather under than over the mark, as there are said to be between 2 and 3,000 houses, including about 100 shops in the bazár. The inhabitants are almost without exception Mahomedans, the small Hindi community occupying the suburb of Butpúra, on the north side of the town.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=15669539582798249797&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.733333, "source_longitude": 74.883333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 44'. Long. 74° 53'.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJL-10DGL64TgRRb-c0jpjddk", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "town", "religious_site", "garden" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "A town of some magnitude on the south-west side of the valley of Kashmir" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "a very picturesque mosque" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "The houses... usually separate, with small gardens between them; orchards of standard fruit-trees" } ], "feature_notes": "Shupian is a town with a notable mosque and extensive gardens/orchards.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "shupian-2", "historical_name": "Shupian", "modern_name": "Shopian", "pdf_page": 343, "pdf_viewer_page": 357, "latitude": 33.72, "longitude": 74.83, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopian", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=15669539582798249797&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Shopian 192303. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "Shupian is a husada, or market place, and contains a small garrison; it still forms the chief dépôt for those products of Kashmir which are destined for the Panjáb, and was once a place of very great importance, and the residence of a malek or sub-governor. It is now, comparatively speaking, a miserable place, bearing the impress of having once been a thriving town. Its dwellings, now chiefly in ruins, are but the remains of what were once houses of two or three or four stories in height, with gable-ends and sloping roofs of wood.\n\nLarge sheets of birch-bark, which is nearly impervious to moisture, are laid over the rafters, and over these is spread a mixture of earth, which is often planted with flowers. The walls are built of brick, burnt or sun-dried, and secured in a frame-work of wood, as a prevention against the effects of an earthquake. The houses are usually separate, with small gardens between them; orchards of standard fruit-trees are frequently attached to them, and in their proper seasons, mulberries, apples, pears, peaches, apricots, and roses are to be had in abundance. The hill of Shupian, or Lahan Tar, rises from the plain about 1½ mile from the town.\n\nIt is composed of trap, and is about 350 feet above the level of the plain, and is conspicuous from almost every part of the valley, and the more so on account of the clump of fir trees on its summit. A fine view of the valley, hardly broken throughout its whole length of 90 miles, may be obtained from the top. There is much rice cultivation in the vicinity of Shupian, and the country is everywhere intersected by irrigation-channels. A short distance to the south-west of the town, on the road to Hírpúra, stands a very picturesque mosque, which, as the pattern is common throughout the valley, may here be described.\n\nIt partakes of the aspect and architecture of the pagoda of China; but the slope of the roof is straight, instead of being concave. Its basement, 10 to 20 yards square, is of stone or wood, raised a few feet from the ground, and on which are ranged 8 or 10 pillars deeply grooved, and having their bases and capitals enveloped in fantastically shaped leaves. The Saracenic arches and cornices are elaborately carved, and bearing pendulous ornaments in the Chinese fashion. The interior building is also four-sided, and is generally a beautiful specimen of wood-work. The windows and doors are Saracenic, with rich lattice-worked panels instead of glass.\n\nThe roof, or roofs—for there are two or three—may be pronounced Tuscan, rising one above the other, each being less than the one below it; and the top is surmounted by a much smaller cluster of little pillars, over which is another little Tuscan roof, and a conical spire, and a brazen ornament, like an inverted basin, on the shaft of a weathercock. On the south side of the town there is a bungalow for the accommodation of travellers; ample space may also be found for encamping. Supplies of all kinds are usually abundant. (Vigne—Allgood—Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=15669539582798249797", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJL-10DGL64TgRRb-c0jpjddk", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "town", "fort", "religious_site", "garden" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "Shupian is a husada, or market place... once being a thriving town." }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "and contains a small garrison" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "a very picturesque mosque... which, as the pattern is common throughout the valley, may here be described." }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "The houses are usually separate, with small gardens between them; orchards of standard fruit-trees are frequently attached to them" } ], "feature_notes": "The place is primarily a town described as a market place and formerly thriving town. It contains a small garrison, indicating a fort presence. There is a mosque described in detail within the town. The houses have small gardens and orchards attached.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "shutru", "historical_name": "SHU'TRU", "modern_name": "Shutru", "pdf_page": 344, "pdf_viewer_page": 358, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small hamlet, containing two houses, situated on the west side of the Nowbūg Nai, at the mouth of the little valley leading to the Harikan Galli, which is traversed by the path to Shāngas, in the Kuthār pargana. There is also a path through the hills from this village to Sof, in the Bring valley.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.633333, "source_longitude": 75.416667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 38'. Long. 75° 25'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "of the little valley leading to the Harikan Galli, which is traversed by the path to Shāngas, in the Kuthār pargana" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the Nowbūg Nai, at the mouth of the little valley leading to the Harikan Galli, which is traversed by the path to S" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "he Harikan Galli, which is traversed by the path to Shāngas, in the Kuthār pargana. There is also a path through t" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "shutz", "historical_name": "SHUTZ", "modern_name": "Shutz", "pdf_page": 344, "pdf_viewer_page": 358, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Bangil pargana, situated in a clump of trees on the south side of the path between Patan and Khipūr, about a mile to the east of the Chandarsir hill. It contains two masjids and the ziārat of Pir Shuk Sahib, and about 20 houses inhabited by Mohamedan zemindars, including two blacksmiths, two Pir Zadas, two dāms, and a mūlla. The patwari is a Pandit. There is said to be a small spring in the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.133333, "source_longitude": 74.533333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 8'. Long. 74° 32'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "spring", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": ". It contains two masjids and the ziārat of Pir Shuk Sahib, and about 20 houses inhabited by Mohamedan zemindars," }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "ri is a Pandit. There is said to be a small spring in the village." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "n a clump of trees on the south side of the path between Patan and Khipūr, about a mile to the east of the Chandar" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "shuwa", "historical_name": "SHUWA", "modern_name": "Shuwa", "pdf_page": 344, "pdf_viewer_page": 358, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated in a little valley at the foot of the mountains, on the north side of the Zainagir pargana, of which it is the tehsil station. With the exception of Tujar, it is the only place in the pargana where rice is grown.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.366667, "source_longitude": 74.5, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 22'. Long. 74° 30'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "town", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "of the Zainagir pargana, of which it is the tehsil station. With the exception of Tujar, it is the only place in the pargana" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "wa. Village. A village situated in a little valley at the foot of the mountains, on the north side of the Zainagir p" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sind", "historical_name": "SIND", "modern_name": "Sind River", "pdf_page": 344, "pdf_viewer_page": 358, "latitude": 34.2291653, "longitude": 75.0513346, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sind_River", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=334493655952270531&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-04 candidate batch: Historical Sind valley entry maps to the modern Sind River/Sind Valley area north of Srinagar. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "The name of a long and narrow valley opening into the north side of Kashmir, a few miles north-west of the city of Srinagar. It lies between long. 74° 50' and 75° 30', and extends from the village of Ganderbal, in the Lār pargana, which comprises the whole of the lower portion of the valley, to the Zoji-la pass on the east, a distance of about 58 miles; its breadth varies from a few hundred yards to about half a mile. It owes its name to the river Sind, which rises in the mountains at the eastern extremity, and near the cave of Amarnāth. To those who by inclination or necessity are chained to the high roads, the upper part of the Sind valley, above the village of Gagangir, gives the best idea obtainable of the grandeur of the mountain scenery of Kashmir. On either side are lofty mountains, whose tops are usually covered with snow, whose sides, more or less precipitous, are clothed with large forests of pine, and whose feet are lined with walnut, chestnut, sycamore, and many other kinds of trees. Several smaller valleys open into it, which are traversed by streams running down to mingle with the waters of the Sind. Numerous small villages are scattered near the banks of the river, and they are surrounded by patches of cultivated land: in other parts the ground is carpeted with rich grass, or shaded by wild fruit-trees, as peaches, apricots, apples, pears, grapes, and plums. The climate of this valley is considered the healthiest in Kashmir, and it is a favourite resort for the upper classes of native society during the malarious months of July and August; its fruits also, especially the grapes, are very highly esteemed. At the eastern end of the valley above the village of Gūnd-i-sur Singh, supplies and coolies can be obtained to a limited extent, and with much difficulty, as the villages are small and poor. The Sind valley is traversed by the Ladāk road, which is practicable for horses, and forms the great highway between Kashmir and Central Asia; it lies along the foot or sides of the mountains, usually close to the river, and by the right or left bank, according to the state of the bridges, but mostly by the right bank; both are, however, practicable as far as a forest called Munniboi, which is situated above Gagangir on the left bank. During the winter the climate of the Sind valley is rigorous, and snow falls to a great depth. Above the village of Gagangir the river is said to be completely frozen over, and its icy surface then forms the highway; but travellers take the precaution of moving in large parties, and do not advance until the passage has been reported clear. Below Gagangir the river may, it is said, be forded during the winter month.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=334493655952270531&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJl6mgvbSB4TgRwySoNjVcpAQ", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 72, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "city", "serai", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "city", "quote": "e of Kashmir, a few miles north-west of the city of Srinagar. It lies between long. 74° 50' and 75° 30', and exten" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "its icy surface then forms the highway; but travellers take the precaution of moving in large parties, and do not advanc" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "lower portion of the valley, to the Zoji-la pass on the east, a distance of about 58 miles; its breadth varies fro" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "SIND. Sind River. Village. The name of a long and narrow valley opening into the n" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": ". The Sind valley is traversed by the Ladāk road, which is practicable for horses, and forms the great highway bet" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sind-2", "historical_name": "SIND", "modern_name": "Sind River", "pdf_page": 345, "pdf_viewer_page": 359, "latitude": 34.2291653, "longitude": 75.0513346, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sind_River", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=334493655952270531&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-04 candidate batch: Historical Sind river entry maps to the modern Sind River, formed by streams near Baltal and flowing through the Sind valley. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "This river is formed by two streams, which unite at Baltal towards the eastern extremity of the valley of the same name. The northern and smaller of these streams rises on the slope of the Zoji-la pass, and flows in a south-westerly direction towards Baltal, where it is joined by the drainage of the lofty mountains and glaciers forming the northern boundary of the Dachinpára district. The united waters form an impetuous torrent, which flows over a rocky bed in a westerly direction through the Sind valley, and down which large quantities of timber from the adjacent forests are floated to Gandarbal. It receives in its course numerous tributaries from the adjoining mountains, the principal being the Kanknai, which joins the Sind near the village of Kijpara, in the Lár pargana. On reaching the Kashmír valley the river bends towards the south-west, and empties itself into the Jhelam at Shadípúr, lat. 34° 11', long. 74° 48', a few miles above the Manas Bál lake. The Sind river is about 100 yards wide at its mouth, and varies in depth from 3 to 18 feet; it is navigable from Shadípúr to Gandarbal in the early part of the season, the journey occupying about 4 or 5 hours. In its course through the Sind valley the river is crossed by numerous bridges, the high road towards Drás lying along its banks. During the winter, which is very severe in this locality, the river is said to be entirely frozen above the village of Gagangir, to the west of which place it then becomes fordable. Below Gandarbal the river abounds with fish, but owing to the very low temperature of the water, they do not take readily, except during the height of summer. (Vigne—Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=334493655952270531&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJl6mgvbSB4TgRwySoNjVcpAQ", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 72, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "e streams rises on the slope of the Zoji-la pass, and flows in a south-westerly direction towards Baltal, where it" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "SIND. Sind River. Village. This river is formed by two streams, which unite at Bal" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "to the west of which place it then becomes fordable. Below Gandarbal the river abounds with fish, but owing to the ve" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "e river is crossed by numerous bridges, the high road towards Drás lying along its banks. During the winter, which is v" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "singpur", "historical_name": "SINGPUR", "modern_name": "Singhpora", "pdf_page": 345, "pdf_viewer_page": 359, "latitude": 33.5017273, "longitude": 75.5894345, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=3155045885325810560&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Singhpora 182205. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village in the Bangil pargana, situated near the left bank of the Suknág river, about 4 miles east of Patan, by the road towards Srínagar. The inhabitants comprise 15 families of Mahomedan zemindars, a düm, mulla, mochi, a cowherd, and a carpenter, and one Pandit, who is the patwari. Rice is extensively cultivated about the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=3155045885325810560&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.15, "source_longitude": 74.666667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 9'. Long. 74° 40'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJNxzgQMKEHTkRgBvnPIT5yCs", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the Bangil pargana, situated near the left bank of the Suknág river, about 4 miles east of Patan, by the road tow" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "river, about 4 miles east of Patan, by the road towards Srínagar. The inhabitants comprise 15 families of Mahomed" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "singpur-2", "historical_name": "SINGPUR", "modern_name": "Singhpora", "pdf_page": 345, "pdf_viewer_page": 359, "latitude": 33.5017273, "longitude": 75.5894345, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=3155045885325810560&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Singhpora 182205. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small village consisting of seven or eight scattered houses, situated above the left bank of the Kasher Khol stream, on the Kishtwár side of the Marbal pass. It lies about 32 miles north-west of the town of Kishtwár, and 42 miles south-east of Islamabad. Travellers cannot depend upon obtaining supplies at this hamlet. (Hervey—Allgood.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=3155045885325810560&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.466667, "source_longitude": 75.616667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 28'. Long. 75° 37'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJNxzgQMKEHTkRgBvnPIT5yCs", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "town", "village", "serai", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "SINGPUR. Singhpora. Town. A small village consisting of seven or eight scattered houses, situated above the" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "twár, and 42 miles south-east of Islamabad. Travellers cannot depend upon obtaining supplies at this hamlet. (Hervey—All" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "stream, on the Kishtwár side of the Marbal pass. It lies about 32 miles north-west of the town of Kishtwár, and 4" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "t scattered houses, situated above the left bank of the Kasher Khol stream, on the Kishtwár side of the Marbal pas" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "twár, and 42 miles south-east of Islamabad. Travellers cannot depend upon obtaining supplies at this hamlet. (Hervey—All" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sinzi", "historical_name": "SINZI", "modern_name": "Sinzi", "pdf_page": 345, "pdf_viewer_page": 359, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village situated on the right bank of the Tansan stream, near the southern extremity of the Bring valley. It lies about 25 miles south-east of Islamabad, on the road towards Kishtwár, by the Marbal pass. Owing to its proximity to the neighbouring hamlet of Lowar, the two villages are frequently called Lowar Sinzi. A few supplies and coolies obtainable. (Allgood—Mackay.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.533333, "source_longitude": 75.416667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 32'. Long. 75° 25'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "on the road towards Kishtwár, by the Marbal pass. Owing to its proximity to the neighbouring hamlet of Lowar, the" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "lage. A small village situated on the right bank of the Tansan stream, near the southern extremity of the Bring va" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ut 25 miles south-east of Islamabad, on the road towards Kishtwár, by the Marbal pass. Owing to its proximity to t" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "siowa", "historical_name": "SIOWA", "modern_name": "Siowa", "pdf_page": 346, "pdf_viewer_page": 360, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of the river formed of the drainage of the whole of the northern portion of the Basaoli district, which flows into the Rávi, lat. 32° 37', long. 75° 58'. It is a deep and impetuous stream of cold clear water, and is not usually fordable in the lower part of its course. The road between Basaoli and Badrawár follows the northernmost branch, crossing the stream by a rough bridge below the village of Sertál, where there are likewise said to be fords. There is a good bridge at Bani, and a ford just below it. A thermometer immersed in the stream below Sertál (19th May) registered 55° to 85° in the air.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.616667, "source_longitude": 75.966667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 37'. long. 75° 58'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "SIOWA. Siowa. Village. The name of the river formed of the drainage of the whole of the northern portion of th" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "eam of cold clear water, and is not usually fordable in the lower part of its course. The road between Basaoli and Bad" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "rdable in the lower part of its course. The road between Basaoli and Badrawár follows the northernmost branch, cro" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sir", "historical_name": "SIR", "modern_name": "Sir", "pdf_page": 346, "pdf_viewer_page": 360, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village in the Kaurpara pargana, of which it is the tehsíl station. It is surrounded by fine trees, and lies a little distance from the left bank of the Lidár, about 7 miles north-east of Islamabad, on the road towards Eishmakán. (Luce.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.783333, "source_longitude": 75.283333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 47'. Long. 75° 17'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "town", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "in the Kaurpara pargana, of which it is the tehsíl station. It is surrounded by fine trees, and lies a little distance from" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "s, and lies a little distance from the left bank of the Lidár, about 7 miles north-east of Islamabad, on the road" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "out 7 miles north-east of Islamabad, on the road towards Eishmakán. (Luce.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sir-2", "historical_name": "SIR", "modern_name": "Sir", "pdf_page": 346, "pdf_viewer_page": 360, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Wúlar pargana, situated at the foot of the spur on the north-side of the Wastarwan mountain. It contains a masjid, and six houses inhabited by zemindars.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.966667, "source_longitude": 75.116667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 58'. Long. 75° 7'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "de of the Wastarwan mountain. It contains a masjid, and six houses inhabited by zemindars." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sir-3", "historical_name": "SIR", "modern_name": "Sir", "pdf_page": 346, "pdf_viewer_page": 360, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village in the Kruhin pargana, situated on high ground near the left bank of the Jhelam, a few miles south-west of Sópúr. It is divided into three divisions, and contains a population of 47 families of Mahomedan zemindars, 3 Pandits, 2 múllas, 3 dúms, 2 mochís, a cowherd, a blacksmith, and a carpenter. Both corn and rice are cultivated in the neighbourhood.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.266667, "source_longitude": 74.483333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 16'. Long. 74° 29'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "gana, situated on high ground near the left bank of the Jhelam, a few miles south-west of Sópúr. It is divided int" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sirai", "historical_name": "SIRAI", "modern_name": "Sirai", "pdf_page": 346, "pdf_viewer_page": 360, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Bangil pargana, containing about 10 houses; it is situated in the bed of the stream about 3 miles north-east of Firozpúr.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.066667, "source_longitude": 74.5, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 4'. Long. 74° 30'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "10 houses; it is situated in the bed of the stream about 3 miles north-east of Firozpúr." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "siraz", "historical_name": "SIRAZ", "modern_name": "Siraz", "pdf_page": 346, "pdf_viewer_page": 360, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of the district lying on the west side of the province of Kishtwár. It is drained by the Lider Khol stream, and is traversed by the path leading from Doda towards the Brari Bal pass.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Shiraz hotel", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "pass", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ath leading from Doda towards the Brari Bal pass." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "Lider Khol stream, and is traversed by the path leading from Doda towards the Brari Bal pass." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sird-ri", "historical_name": "SIRDÁRI", "modern_name": "Sirdári", "pdf_page": 346, "pdf_viewer_page": 360, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, towards the western extremity of Gúrais. The houses having once been carried away by the river when in flood, are now built on a bluff above the right bank of a small stream, which is crossed by a bridge just below the village. The inhabitants number seven families of Mahomedan zemindars, a múlla, a dúm, and a shepherd. When the crops are in the ground, the space available for encamping is very limited. The road, which has followed the course of the Kishen Ganga, ends at Sirdári, that part of the valley lying between Sirdári and Shardi in Upper Drawar being impassable, and almost entirely uninhabited.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.766667, "source_longitude": 74.683333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 46'. Long. 74° 41'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "i. Village. A village situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, towards the western extremity of Gúrais. The" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "nk of a small stream, which is crossed by a bridge just below the village. The inhabitants number seven families of" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "vailable for encamping is very limited. The road, which has followed the course of the Kishen Ganga, ends at Sirdá" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sirigban-bagh", "historical_name": "SIRIGBAN BAGH", "modern_name": "Sirigban Bagh", "pdf_page": 347, "pdf_viewer_page": 361, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A garden situated about three quarters of a mile from the right bank of the Jhelam, just north of the junction of the Sind. Baron Hügel describes it as a large pleasure ground laid out in the Indian taste, ornamented with large beds of flowers, and numerous pavilions adorned with all that caprice could desire, or money purchase. Though never completed, the garden is now falling to ruin; it was made by Surāj Bāhri, who was summoned to Kashmīr by Moti Rām, the first viceroy under Ranjit Singh, to superintend the new partition of the valley into parganas. It probably marks the site of the once famous city of Paribasapur, of the marvels of which the native legends speak so highly. This city was built by the great conqueror Lālituditya, who reigned from A.D. 714 to 750; it was adorned with many fine temples and monuments; among others, with a pillar cut out of one stone, 24 yards high, at the top of which stood the image of Gāruda, half man, half eagle. Sikandar Budh Shikan probably destroyed it, but several fragments were seen in 1727 by Mohamed Azim. Immense images of gold, silver, and other metals also adorned the interior, but all traces of this splendour have disappeared. (Hügel.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.2, "source_longitude": 74.716667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 12'. Long. 74° 43'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Shrine / sacred site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Shah Kashmir Arts Emporium", "no_match_score": -3, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "religious_site", "city", "garden", "river_or_lake", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "religious_site", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "admin_status: Shrine / sacred site" }, { "feature": "city", "quote": "probably marks the site of the once famous city of Paribasapur, of the marvels of which the native legends speak" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "SIRIGBAN BAGH. Sirigban Bagh. Shrine / sacred site. A garden situated about thr" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "out three quarters of a mile from the right bank of the Jhelam, just north of the junction of the Sind. Baron Hüge" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "ver completed, the garden is now falling to ruin; it was made by Surāj Bāhri, who was summoned to Kashmīr by Moti" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sirole-bagh", "historical_name": "SIROLE BAGH.", "modern_name": "Sirole Bagh.", "pdf_page": 347, "pdf_viewer_page": 361, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A government garden and village, situated on the right bank of the Neru river, about 2 miles north-west of Badrawār. The inhabitants are chiefly Hindūs, and number 16 families. The Wazirs Buddunjū and Nowrang, who were in the service of the Maharajah of Kashmir, and are now his pensioners, reside in this village. The Nerū is bridged below Sirole Bāgh.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": 75.75, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33°. Long. 75° 45'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Shalimar Garden", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "garden", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "SIROLE BAGH.. Sirole Bagh.. Village. A government garden and village, situate" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "t garden and village, situated on the right bank of the Neru river, about 2 miles north-west of Badrawār. The inha" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sirpati", "historical_name": "SIRPATI", "modern_name": "Sirpati", "pdf_page": 347, "pdf_viewer_page": 361, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the district of Basoli, situated on the slopes of the mountains about 2 miles south-east of Bani. It contains five or six houses inhabited by Hindūs, and is surrounded with cultivation.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.7, "source_longitude": 75.85, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 42'. Long. 75° 51'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "siul", "historical_name": "SIUL", "modern_name": "Siul", "pdf_page": 347, "pdf_viewer_page": 361, "latitude": 33.88388889, "longitude": 74.10416667, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_Kahuta", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Zainagir pargana, situated near the left bank of the Pohru river, about 5 miles north-west of Sopūr, by the side of the road leading towards the Loláb valley and Shalafra. The river is usually fordable at this point, but when in flood, a ferry boat plies. Just to the north of the village there is a deep nala, which is bridged. Siūl contains a masjid, and about 25 houses inhabited by zemindars. Some fine trees shade the village and the ziárat of Baba Sahib, which lies by the side of the path.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_Kahuta", "source_latitude": 34.333333, "source_longitude": 74.466667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 20'. Long. 74° 28'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "University of Kashmir", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "eep nala, which is bridged. Siūl contains a masjid, and about 25 houses inhabited by zemindars. Some fine trees shad" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "he Zainagir pargana, situated near the left bank of the Pohru river, about 5 miles north-west of Sopūr, by the sid" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "b valley and Shalafra. The river is usually fordable at this point, but when in flood, a ferry boat plies. Just to the" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "les north-west of Sopūr, by the side of the road leading towards the Loláb valley and Shalafra. The river is usual" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sof", "historical_name": "SOF", "modern_name": "Sof", "pdf_page": 347, "pdf_viewer_page": 361, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the north side of the Bring pargana, at the mouth of a little valley, which is traversed by paths leading into the Nowbg Nāi and to the Kūthār pargana. It contains some shady trees; among them a very fine chunar, measuring more than 26 feet in girth at 6 feet above the ground. The village of Sof is famous for its iron-works. Vigne was informed that veins of lead, copper, silver, and even gold were known to exist in the long grass-covered hills in the neighbourhood; but the iron alone is worked. The lead is found in very small quantities in an oxyde. Copper, he was told, was found in five or six places, and silver with it, but the veins have not been worked since the time of Abdúlàh Khán, Governor of Kashmír, who made himself independent of his master, Tímúr Sháh, of Kábul. The emperor Jehangír granted these mines to a private individual, but in the time of the Patáns they had devolved upon the Amír.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.616667, "source_longitude": 75.35, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 37'. Long. 75° 21'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the Bring pargana, at the mouth of a little valley, which is traversed by paths leading into the Nowbg Nāi and to th" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sof-2", "historical_name": "SOF", "modern_name": "Sof", "pdf_page": 348, "pdf_viewer_page": 362, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The rock in which the ore is found appears to be of limestone. The mines, which are not sunk vertically, but run horizontally into the side of the hill, are situated on the bare slope of a grassy mountain, from which the rock crops in places. They lie to the west of the village, the nearest at a distance of about a mile and a half, and extend in a line up the hill side at intervals of not more than three or four yards apart; there is nothing to mark their position but a small heap of rubbish at the mouth. To enter the mine first reached, it was necessary to let oneself down perpendicularly about 5 feet, and bending under a rock, a further descent of 10 or 15 feet was made by muddy steps beneath a ceiling of smooth rock; the mine then shelved down gradually into the hill side; here and there were perpendicular drops of a few feet, where steps were made with branches of trees. The total length of the gallery may be supposed to have been about 50 yards; the width of the passage was never more than 3 feet, the height being about as much, but in places the roof was so low as to necessitate dragging oneself along on hands and knees; at the extreme end the movements of the miner were facilitated by a hole dug for his legs. Gallery frames are not used, but at intervals the sides of the roof were supported by rough branches of trees. Accidents in the mines are exceedingly rare, but now and then occur, either from the roofs falling in or from asphyxia. Explosions from fire-damp are unknown, which is probably owing to the very limited extent of the mines, which are never carried far from the surface, but radiate in several directions from one entrance. The miners use an ordinary deea, that is, a wick placed in a saucer of oil, to light them at their work. The tools employed are few and simple, consisting of two hammers, one with a blunt and heavy head, the other pointed and lighter; there is also an axe required for clearing away the surface jungle and cutting wood for charcoal, and a small double-headed flat hammer, which is used for pounding the ore. Three men are employed in each mine or gallery; the first mines, the second collects the ore in baskets, which the third conveys to the mouth of the pit. An ancient man, called the ustád or master, selects the spot where new mines are to be commenced on the old ones becoming exhausted. The present holder of the office is said to be nearly 100 years old. The Mokuddum distributes to each man his claim or allotment; some claims have been worked 30 years by the same family. The day's yield is carried home by the miners on their backs in stout wicker baskets, and is stored in a shed attached to the house. The charcoal used in the furnace is either prepared and carried by the miners themselves, or they employ coolies to bring it from the forest. The mining season commences in June, and continues until the falls of snow in November put a stop to the operations. The four winter months are devoted to smelting the ore which has been collected during the summer and autumn; in the spring, mining pursuits are suspended, and the inhabitants of the village devote themselves to agriculture, preparing for the rice crop, upon which, equally with their other gains, their subsistence depends.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "spring", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "lected during the summer and autumn; in the spring, mining pursuits are suspended, and the inhabitants of the villag" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "e third conveys to the mouth of the pit. An ancient man, called the ustád or master, selects the spot where new mines" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sog-m", "historical_name": "SOGÁM", "modern_name": "Sogam", "pdf_page": 349, "pdf_viewer_page": 363, "latitude": 34.4098042, "longitude": 74.3591461, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2381634909789992775&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Sogam 193201. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A considerable village beautifully situated on the southern slopes of the Loláb valley, about 3 miles west of Lalpúr. Moorcroft states that the houses are mostly constructed of small trees coarsely dove-tailed together, and coated with rough plaster inside. A flat planking is laid over the top, resting on the walls, and above that a sloping roof, open at the ends, the space being either filled with dry grass or serving to give shelter to the poultry. The interior is divided by partitions of plastered wicker-work into three or four small, dark, and dirty apartments; he further adds that the inhabitants were almost in a savage state; the men were in general tall and robust, the women haggard and ill-looking. This village was at one time the capital of the pargana; even now the houses are very far apart, covering more ground than Lalpúr. (Moorcroft—Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2381634909789992775&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.5, "source_longitude": 74.416667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 30'. Long. 74° 25'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJvX_jyAYb4TgRR7ez_lREDSE", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "city", "town", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "city", "quote": "l-looking. This village was at one time the capital of the pargana; even now the houses are very far apart, covering" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "SOGÁM. Sogam. Village. A considerable village beautifully situated on the southern slopes of the Loláb valley," }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ituated on the southern slopes of the Loláb valley, about 3 miles west of Lalpúr. Moorcroft states that the houses a" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sol", "historical_name": "SOL", "modern_name": "Sol", "pdf_page": 350, "pdf_viewer_page": 364, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village of some size, situated on the right bank of the Chandra Bhāga river, between Golābgarh and Ashdari, on the road from Kishtwār to Lahaul. Beneath the village there is some cultivation. Supplies and coolies are procurable. (Allgood—Mackay.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.216667, "source_longitude": 76.266667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 13'. Long. 76° 16'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "village of some size, situated on the right bank of the Chandra Bhāga river, between Golābgarh and Ashdari, on the" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "iver, between Golābgarh and Ashdari, on the road from Kishtwār to Lahaul. Beneath the village there is some cultiv" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sombal", "historical_name": "SOMBAL", "modern_name": "Sumbal", "pdf_page": 350, "pdf_viewer_page": 364, "latitude": 34.2307049, "longitude": 74.647311, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=18371831476055953049&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Sumbal 193504. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small dirty village in the Sind valley, containing a masjid and five houses, surrounded with rice fields; it is situated on the left bank of the river.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=18371831476055953049&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.233333, "source_longitude": 75.116667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 14'. Long. 75° 7'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJNXukbrSf4TgRmc6nq2Pb9f4", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A small dirty village in the Sind valley" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "it is situated on the left bank of the river" } ], "feature_notes": "Sombal is described as a village located on the left bank of a river.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sombrun", "historical_name": "SOMBRUN", "modern_name": "Sombrun", "pdf_page": 350, "pdf_viewer_page": 364, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the Kuthār pargana, situated about 2 miles east of Achibal; it contains a masjid, and about six houses inhabited by zemindars. There is a spring which rises near the shrine of Syud Nizám-úd-dín Bagdadi, a saint who is supposed to have died here more than 400 years ago. The village is shaded by some fine poplar trees.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.7, "source_longitude": 75.3, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 42'. Long. 75° 18'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Banumsar", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "bout 2 miles east of Achibal; it contains a masjid, and about six houses inhabited by zemindars. There is a spring w" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "x houses inhabited by zemindars. There is a spring which rises near the shrine of Syud Nizám-úd-dín Bagdadi, a saint" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sona-galli", "historical_name": "SONA GALLI", "modern_name": "Sona Galli", "pdf_page": 350, "pdf_viewer_page": 364, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a pass in the range of hills lying to the south of Púnch, which is crossed by the direct path between Púnch and Kotli. This road is described as being rough and steep, and very little used.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.7, "source_longitude": 74.116667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 42'. Long. 74° 7'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Pass / route", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Sona Valley Country Park & guest house Azad Kashmir", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "pass", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "admin_status: Pass / route" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "SONA GALLI. Sona Galli. Pass / route. The name of a pass in the range of hills lying to the south of P" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sonamarg", "historical_name": "SONAMARG", "modern_name": "Sonamarg", "pdf_page": 350, "pdf_viewer_page": 364, "latitude": 34.30146, "longitude": 75.29252, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonamarg", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=6687222289108697909&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Sonamarg 191202. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small village in the Sind valley, situated on the right bank of the river, at a distance of 58 miles north-east of Srinagar. There are four houses in the village, and three others in the ravine about it. The Sonamarg, a beautiful undulating grassy plain, lies to the west, stretching for about 3 miles along the left bank of the river. The marg, which is triangular in shape, with the apex towards the east, is encompassed by lofty mountains, which are usually robed in snow, a magnificent grey peak of limestone at the north-east end rising far above the other mountains in its vicinity.\n\nThe wooded spur of the Dorun Nág separates the marg on the south side from the pretty little valley of Tajiwas, which is drained by an icy torrent, and has some fine glaciers above its southern side. Several small springs bubble up in different places in the meadow. The pleasantest spots for encamping are at the foot of the spur on the south side, or in the fringe of forest which bounds its western extremity.\n\nSupplies and coolies are obtained with very great difficulty, owing to the sparseness of the population, the only habitations in the neighbourhood, besides those already mentioned, being four houses in a wretched hamlet called Shutter Karri, situated just above the Mair bridge on the left bank of the Sind, below the western extremity of the marg, and three houses at a place called Lashiputhur, lying some little distance up the course of the Nichinai stream. The air is always fresh and cool. 13th July ... Ther. 6 a.m. 55°; 6 p.m. 65°. 14th \" ... 5-30 a.m. 56°; 7-30 p.m. 65°.\n\nThe Drās road traverses the plain, crossing to the right bank of the river by a kádal bridge at its eastern extremity, below the village of Sonamarg. The Tilail valley may be reached by a footpath from the west end of the marg; the distance is five marches: there is also said to be a path from the Ibrahim Khán Ghari, near the village of Sonamarg, which crosses the range by the Nilignar and Nilinai valleys, joining the road between Tilail and Drās.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=6687222289108697909", "source_latitude": 34.3, "source_longitude": 75.35, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 18'. Long. 75° 21'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJYYDXl-E04jgRNQNm1D3JzVw", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village", "mountain", "forest", "spring", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A small village in the Sind valley" }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "The marg...is encompassed by lofty mountains" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "in the fringe of forest which bounds its western extremity" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "Several small springs bubble up in different places in the meadow" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "The Drās road traverses the plain, crossing to the right bank of the river by a kádal bridge at its eastern extremity, below the village of Sonamarg" } ], "feature_notes": "Sonamarg is a small village with mountains, forest fringe, springs, and a named bridge crossing at the village.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sonamula", "historical_name": "SONAMULA", "modern_name": "Sonamula", "pdf_page": 351, "pdf_viewer_page": 365, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village containing four houses inhabited by zemindars, situated at the edge of the forest, about 3 miles south-east of Shalúra, to the west of the road leading towards Sopúr.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.466667, "source_longitude": 74.2, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 28'. Long. 74° 12'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Srinagar to Sonamarg", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "s south-east of Shalúra, to the west of the road leading towards Sopúr." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "son-s-r-nag", "historical_name": "SONÁSÁR NAG", "modern_name": "Sonásár Nag", "pdf_page": 351, "pdf_viewer_page": 365, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small lake situated amid the mountains at the north-eastern extremity of Dachinpára, about 2 miles south-west of the Shísha Nág. It lies midway between Palgam and the village of Suknis, in the Maru Wardwan valley, the path traversing its western bank. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.066667, "source_longitude": 75.516667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 4'. Long. 75° 31'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "spring", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "SONÁSÁR NAG. Sonásár Nag. Village. A small lake situated amid the mountains a" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "SONÁSÁR NAG. Sonásár Nag. Village. A small lake situated amid the mountains a" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "of Suknis, in the Maru Wardwan valley, the path traversing its western bank. (Montgomerie.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sonbai", "historical_name": "SONBAI", "modern_name": "Sonbai", "pdf_page": 351, "pdf_viewer_page": 365, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a lofty mountain in the range forming the boundary between the province of Badrawár and the hill state of Chamba; it lies between the Chatardhar and Padri passes, and its summit is usually covered with snow. The natives have a legend that in by-gone ages a stream flowed from this mountain, in which gold was found, but that another mountain fell on the top of it, and though the source may still be traced, it yields no gold.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 32.883333, "source_longitude": 75.816667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 32° 53'. Long. 75° 49'. Elev. 12,418 feet.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "pass" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "course. The name of a lofty mountain in the range forming the boundary between the province of Badrawár and the hil" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "songgu", "historical_name": "SONGGU", "modern_name": "Songgu", "pdf_page": 351, "pdf_viewer_page": 365, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the Shahabad valley, situated on the stream which flows from the Vetaritár springs, about 8 miles north-west of Vernág.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.516667, "source_longitude": 75.316667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 31'. Long. 75° 19'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Srinagar to Sonamarg", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "u. Village. A small village in the Shahabad valley, situated on the stream which flows from the Vetaritár springs, a" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "n the stream which flows from the Vetaritár springs, about 8 miles north-west of Vernág." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sopur", "historical_name": "SOPUR", "modern_name": "Sopore", "pdf_page": 351, "pdf_viewer_page": 365, "latitude": 34.3, "longitude": 74.47, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopore", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=34.3,74.47", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web-researched strong candidate: Sopore. Wikipedia gives Sopore at 34.30, 74.47; source describes Sopur as the ancient Surapura on both banks of the Jhelam below Wular Lake.", "blurb": "A large town built upon both banks of the Jhelam, a few miles below the spot where it leaves the Wular lake. It is the ancient Surápúra founded in the reign of Avanti Varmma by his minister Sura, on the site of the still more ancient Kámbuva. It is connected with Srinagar by the Norú canal, which was constructed in very early time to avoid the necessity of crossing the dangerous Wular lake through which the main stream of the Jhelam flows. The journey by boat from Sopúr to Srinagar occupies about 14 hours, and to Baramúla about 3 1/2 hours, the return passage taking nearly twice as long.\n\nThe Karnao valley may be reached from Sopúr by a path through the Tútmari Galli, or by way of Shalúra and the Nattisabnnar Galli, which is the route usually adopted. The distance by land from Sopúr to Bandipúr is about 10 miles, and the road is mostly smooth and level, following the northern shores of the Wular lake. There is likewise an excellent road to the Gulmarg, which lies on the slopes of the mountains about 17 miles to the south-west; it is considered two stages. Sopúr contains about 1,500 houses in all, and a large bázár; among the population are a few shál-báfs and numerous artisans and traders.\n\nWith the exception of thirty families of Pandits and other government servants, the inhabitants are all Mohamedans. The houses are much dilapidated, and the streets narrow and crooked. Sopúr is the tehsil station of the Telgam pargana, and likewise contains a thána; the residence of the thanadar is in the fort. That portion of the town lying on the left bank of the river is built on the narrow strip of high ground by the water's edge, and is surrounded by a morass.\n\nThe two portions of the town are united by the bridge, about 200 yards long, which has lately been rebuilt; it is supported by three wooden piers, and is approached on the north side by a masonry causeway, and the abutments are of the same material. Dr. Ince states that the average depth of water beneath is 28 feet.\n\nThe entrance of the bridge on the south side is through a large brick building, the upper stories of which are occupied as government offices; the fort lies at the other end; it is of the usual quadrangular form, with a bastion at each corner and one in the middle of the west face; the walls, which are loopholed, are about 25 feet high; on the sides towards the town it is surrounded with a shallow belt of water communicating with the river. Mahter Sher Sing is the present killadar, and the garrison is said to number about 30 men; the tehsildar and his establishment likewise reside in the fort.\n\nBelow the bridge, on the right bank, there is a Hindu temple, with a large lingam outside it, and nearly opposite on the other side of the river there is a pretty mosque with gilded spires. Sopur contains a custom house; and there are numerous and extensive government granaries, especially on the right bank of the river. The baradari is situated about half a mile north-east of the town, in the suburb of Chinkipur, on the right bank of the river; and to the south-west of the same side of the town there is a government garden called Hari Singh Bagh, which contains a well; but the water is said to be bad.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=34.3,74.47", "source_latitude": 34.283333, "source_longitude": 74.516667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 17'. Long. 74° 31'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "town", "fort", "bridge_or_ferry", "garden", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "A large town built upon both banks of the Jhelam" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "the residence of the thanadar is in the fort... it is of the usual quadrangular form, with bastions" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "The two portions of the town are united by the bridge, about 200 yards long" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "there is a government garden called Hari Singh Bagh" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "there is a Hindu temple... and nearly opposite... a pretty mosque" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "built upon both banks of the Jhelam" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "The distance by land from Sopúr to Bandipúr is about 10 miles, and the road is mostly smooth and level" } ], "feature_notes": "Sopur is a large town with a fort residence, a bridge crossing, a government garden, religious buildings, on the river banks, and connected by roads.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sortung", "historical_name": "SORTUNG", "modern_name": "Sortung", "pdf_page": 352, "pdf_viewer_page": 366, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, a few miles south-east of Srinagar. There are some fine chunar trees by the edge of the stream, shading the shrine of Zair Maj-i-Hind.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.05, "source_longitude": 74.866667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 3'. Long. 74° 52'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "SinthanTop Daksum Kashmir", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "rees by the edge of the stream, shading the shrine of Zair Maj-i-Hind." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ng. Village. A village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, a few miles south-east of Srinagar. There are some" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sowand", "historical_name": "SOWAND", "modern_name": "Sowand", "pdf_page": 352, "pdf_viewer_page": 366, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in Badrawar, containing about six houses, situated on the right bank of the Chandra Bhaga, just above the junction of the Neri; it lies near the foot of the spur in the angle formed between the two streams. The Neri is bridged below the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.133333, "source_longitude": 75.616667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 8'. Long. 75° 37'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ing about six houses, situated on the right bank of the Chandra Bhaga, just above the junction of the Neri; it lie" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "srinagar", "historical_name": "SRINAGAR", "modern_name": "Srinagar", "pdf_page": 352, "pdf_viewer_page": 366, "latitude": 34.0836708, "longitude": 74.7972825, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srinagar", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=7360090690231141830&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research confirmed prior Google candidate: source describes the capital city on the Jhelam; mapped to modern Srinagar. Existing Google pin kept for precision. Review before marking final.", "blurb": "The capital of Kashmir, is situated on the river Jhelam, about midway from either end of the valley, to the west of a spur which juts down from the chain of mountains forming its northern boundary. Forcer records that when he visited the city it was known by the name of the province at large; its present appellation is generally supposed to signify \"the town of Surya, or the sun,\" or it may be derived from Sri, or Shri, a title of Lakshmi, the wife of Vishnu, and goddess of prosperity, and mean the \"fortunate city.\" The town is built on a strip of dry ground, which stretches north and south, and is intersected by the Jhelam; on the other sides it is environed by shallow lakes and swamps. The banks of the river are low, and the ground on which the city stands is level. The Jhelam makes a long bend through the town, and it is likewise intersected by numerous canals and water-courses. The Hari Parbat hill, which is crowned with a fort, dominates the city from its north-east corner, and it is likewise commanded from the south-east at a distance of about 2 miles by a rocky eminence called the Takbt-i-Sulaiman. The town extends for about 3 miles along both sides of the Jhelam, being little more than a mile across at its broadest point; the greater portion is situated on the right bank of the river.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=7360090690231141830&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.083333, "source_longitude": 74.833333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 5'. Long. 74° 50'. Elev. 5,250 feet.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "The first descriptive paragraph of the entry for SRINAGAR continues onto the next page. Continuation not found in next page top_continuation.", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ78XjhlaF4TgRxgXjwXxLJGY", "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "city", "fort", "mountain", "river_or_lake", "garden" ], "primary_feature": "city", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "city", "quote": "The capital of Kashmir" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "The Hari Parbat hill, which is crowned with a fort" }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "a spur which juts down from the chain of mountains" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "is situated on the river Jhelam... it is intersected by the Jhelam" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "it is environed by shallow lakes and swamps" } ], "feature_notes": "Srinagar is the capital city located on river Jhelam with a fort on Hari Parbat hill, surrounded by mountains and water bodies.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "srinagar-2", "historical_name": "Srinagar", "modern_name": "Srinagar", "pdf_page": 355, "pdf_viewer_page": 369, "latitude": 34.09, "longitude": 74.79, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srinagar", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=7360090690231141830&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research confirmed prior Google candidate: continuation/source excerpt describes Srinagar city; mapped to modern Srinagar. Existing Google pin kept for precision. Review before marking final.", "blurb": "The town of Srinagar has been likened to an eastern Venice, the place being intersected with canals in every direction, and the houses built out of the water. They are chiefly constructed of unburnt brick-work, built up in frames of wood; the walls seldom exceed a single brick in thickness, so that, but for the wooden frame-work, these habitations would not be very safe; they are generally two or three stories high, and are mostly in a neglected and ruinous condition with broken doors or no doors at all, with shattered lattices, windows stopped up with boards, paper, or rags, walls out of the perpendicular, and pitched roofs threatening to fall.\n\nThe roofs are formed of layers of birch-bark covered with a coating of earth, in which seeds dropped by birds, or wafted by the wind, have vegetated, and they are constantly overrun with grass and flowers. The houses of the better class are commonly detached and surrounded by a wall and gardens, which latter often communicate with a canal. The condition of the gardens is no better than that of the building, and the whole presents a striking picture of wretchedness and decay.\n\nThe general character of the city of Srinagar is that of a confused mass of ill-favoured buildings, forming a complicated labyrinth of narrow and dirty lanes badly paved, and having a small gutter in the centre full of filth, banked up on each side by a border of mire. There are several market places and bázárs in the city; that called the Maharáj Gunj has lately been constructed; it is a large quadrangle situated near the right bank of the river above the Húli Kadal, or fifth bridge, and contains the shops of the jewellers, silversmiths, and other tradesmen with whom European visitors usually deal.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=7360090690231141830", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ78XjhlaF4TgRxgXjwXxLJGY", "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "city", "garden", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "city", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "city", "quote": "The general character of the city of Srinagar is that of a confused mass of ill-favoured buildings" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "houses of the better class are... surrounded by a wall and gardens" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "Maharáj Gunj... near the right bank of the river above the Húli Kadal, or fifth bridge" } ], "feature_notes": "Srinagar as a city with gardens in better houses and several bridges including ‘Húli Kadal’ in the city.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "srinagar-3", "historical_name": "Srinagar", "modern_name": "Srinagar", "pdf_page": 357, "pdf_viewer_page": 371, "latitude": 34.0836708, "longitude": 74.7972825, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srinagar", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=7360090690231141830&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research confirmed prior Google candidate: continuation/source excerpt describes Srinagar city; mapped to modern Srinagar. Existing Google pin kept for precision. Review before marking final.", "blurb": "The town of Srinagar has been likened to an eastern Venice, the place being intersected with canals in every direction, and the houses built out of the water. They are chiefly constructed of unburnt brick-work, built up in frames of wood; the walls seldom exceed a single brick in thickness, so that, but for the wooden frame-work, these habitations would not be very safe; they are generally two or three stories high, and are mostly in a neglected and ruinous condition with broken doors or no doors at all, with shattered lattices, windows stopped up with boards, paper, or rags, walls out of the perpendicular, and pitched roofs threatening to fall.\n\nThe roofs are formed of layers of birch-bark covered with a coating of earth, in which seeds dropped by birds, or wafted by the wind, have vegetated, and they are constantly overrun with grass and flowers. The houses of the better class are commonly detached and surrounded by a wall and gardens, which latter often communicate with a canal. The condition of the gardens is no better than that of the building, and the whole presents a striking picture of wretchedness and decay.\n\nThe general character of the city of Srinagar is that of a confused mass of ill-favoured buildings, forming a complicated labyrinth of narrow and dirty lanes badly paved, and having a small gutter in the centre full of filth, banked up on each side by a border of mire. There are several market places and bázárs in the city; that called the Maharáj Gunj has lately been constructed; it is a large quadrangle situated near the right bank of the river above the Haili Kadal, or fifth bridge, and contains the shops of the jewellers, silversmiths, and other tradesmen with whom European visitors usually deal.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=7360090690231141830&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ78XjhlaF4TgRxgXjwXxLJGY", "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "city", "garden", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "city", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "city", "quote": "The general character of the city of Srinagar" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "houses... surrounded by a wall and gardens" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "near the right bank of the river above the Haili Kadal, or fifth bridge" } ], "feature_notes": "Another description of Srinagar city with gardens and multiple bridges.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sri", "historical_name": "SRI", "modern_name": "Sri", "pdf_page": 358, "pdf_viewer_page": 372, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The poplar avenues form a remarkable feature in the environs of Srinagar; that known par excellence as the poplar avenue is on the right bank of the Jhelam, between the south-east corner of the city near the Amiri Kadal and the canal at the foot of the Takht-i-Sulaiman hill. It was planted by the Sikhs, and is rather more than a mile long. Dr. Ince gives its average width as 56 feet, and states that it contains in all 1,714 trees, of which 1,699 are poplars and 15 chunars. There is another celebrated avenue on the left bank of the Jhelam, from near the west end of the Amiri Kadal to the village of Wahtor on the road to Shupian; it is about 7 miles long and 12 yards wide, lined with trees on both sides all the way; these are chiefly poplars, and most of them were planted by the Wazir Paniu in the year 1864. An avenue of poplar trees likewise connects the open space to the south of the Sher Garhi with the bridge which crosses the Dudh Ganga below the suburb of Batmalu. There are numerous gardens on the outskirts of the city, more especially on the banks of the Jhelam. The Dilawar Khan Bagh, which was laid out originally by a Pathan of that name, is on the Mar canal, near the Brari Nambal, in the northern portion of the town; it contains two small summer houses, which used to be appropriated to European visitors: here Baron Hügel, Dr. Henderson, and Mr. Vigne lived during their stay in Srinagar in the winter of 1835. Opposite the Sher Garhi, on the right bank of the river, is a small square enclosure, containing three or four fine chunar trees, called the Basant Bagh; it is approached from the river by a broad flight of limestone steps, the materials of which are said to have been brought from Hasanabad, one of the three mosques of hewn and polished stone which were erected at Srinagar in the time of the emperors. An inscription on the takht-post at the top of the flight of steps records that the ghat and garden were made by order of Colonel Mian Sing, the humane governor of Kashmir, A.D. 1835. Divisions.—In the time of the Pathans the city of Srinagar was divided into 16 zillahs or parishes, each being under the care and management of a kotwal and other officials; these have now been reduced to 12, each zillah being again sub-divided into a number of mahallas or districts. To each zillah there is a zillakhdar and a kotwal or police officer, and in like manner the affairs of each mahalla are administered through a mahalladar. The zillahdar has but little real authority, his chief duty being to keep a strict watch over all bad characters, and to report any unusual occurrence to the kotwal and the city judge. The following is a list of the zillahs:— 1. Drogjun includes 23 mahallas, and comprises that part of the city west of the Takht-i-Sulaiman and south of the Tsont-i-Kol canal. 2. Ahleingur includes 8 mahallas on the right bank of the Jhelam, north of the Tsont-i-Kol canal. 3. Kaniyar includes 15 mahallas, north-east of Brari Nambal, and the Mar canal. 4. Rainenwor includes 15 mahallas west of the Dal and south-east of the Hari Parbat. 5. Nawatteer includes 21 mahallas between the Mar canal and the Hari Parbat. 6. Sangin Darwaza includes 13 mahallas north and north-west of Hari Parbat. 7. Zaina Kadal includes 14 mahallas in the middle of the town, on both sides of the Jhelam. 8. Buldmur includes 27 mahallas on the right bank of the Jhelam, at the north-west end of the town. 9. Chutsabul includes 10 mahallas on the left bank of the Jhelam, at the south-west end of the town. 10. Tashwun includes 9 mahallas on left bank of the Jhelam. 11. Nursingud includes 5 mahallas by the Kuc-i-Kol canal, north of Sher Garhi. 12. Sher Gud includes 4 mahallas in the vicinity of the palace.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Shah Kashmir Arts Emporium", "no_match_score": -3, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "town", "city", "village", "fort", "garden", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "city", "quote": "helam, between the south-east corner of the city near the Amiri Kadal and the canal at the foot of the Takht-i-Sul" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "near the west end of the Amiri Kadal to the village of Wahtor on the road to Shupian; it is about 7 miles long and 12" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "cts the open space to the south of the Sher Garhi with the bridge which crosses the Dudh Ganga below the suburb of" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "w the suburb of Batmalu. There are numerous gardens on the outskirts of the city, more especially on the banks of the" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "llence as the poplar avenue is on the right bank of the Jhelam, between the south-east corner of the city near the" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "population", "historical_name": "Population.", "modern_name": "Population.", "pdf_page": 359, "pdf_viewer_page": 373, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "Moorcroft, who visited Srinagar in 1823, estimated the population at 210,000: the judicious and cautious Elphinstone, in the early part of the present century, at \"from 150,000 to 200,000.\" By Baron Hügel the population of Srinagar was subsequently computed not to exceed 40,000. Vigne as well as Cunningham estimated it at 80,000—a diminution which the former attributed to the oppressive character of the Sikh rule, to which the valley had then been subject for 16 years, aggravated by the successive calamities of earthquake, pestilence, and famine. There appear to be good grounds for estimating the population in the present day at about 150,000, as the census which was taken by the Maharajah's government in the year 1869 gave a total of 135,000; and allowing for the difficulty which always exists in a Mohamedan community of obtaining an accurate return of the number of females, the estimated total of 150,000 would appear to be little if anything exaggerated. This gives evidence of an increasing population, when compared with the results of the previous census taken in 1866, which were as follow:— Number of zillahs or divisions of the city ... 12 Ditto mahallas or sub-divisions ... 277 Ditto houses ... 20,304 Ditto shops ... 1,037 Population. Mohamedans { Men ... 44,356 { Women ... 43,414 87,770 Hindús { Men ... 13,292 { Women ... 11,565 24,857 112,627", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Jammu and Kashmir", "no_match_score": -3, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "city", "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "city", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "city", "quote": "low:— Number of zillahs or divisions of the city ... 12 Ditto mahallas or sub-divisions ... 277 Ditto houses ... 2" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "tto mahallas or sub-divisions ... 277 Ditto houses ... 20,304 Ditto shops ... 1,037 Population. Mohamedans { Men ..." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ve character of the Sikh rule, to which the valley had then been subject for 16 years, aggravated by the successive" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "trade", "historical_name": "Trade.", "modern_name": "Trade.", "pdf_page": 359, "pdf_viewer_page": 373, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The trade of Srinagar is very limited, though it is the chief centre of the shawl industry, for which the valley of Kashmir is so widely famous. The people are ingenious, industrious, and persevering, and display much taste as silversmiths, and in the production of papier-mâché articles; but the more important manufactures of paper, leather, fire-arms, and otto of rose, for which the place was formerly much celebrated, have in great measure died out. These subjects are treated of at greater length elsewhere.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Trade linkers", "no_match_score": 48, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "centre of the shawl industry, for which the valley of Kashmir is so widely famous. The people are ingenious, industr" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "river", "historical_name": "River.", "modern_name": "River.", "pdf_page": 359, "pdf_viewer_page": 373, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The river Jhelam makes one long bend through the city, and in its passage has been narrowed to a width of little more than 80 yards; an immoveable barrier is thereby opposed to expansion, and its stream is consequently more rapid and deeper than in any other part of the valley; its depth is ever varying, but the average during the season of floods is about 18 feet, and it rushes under the bridges with considerable force. The embankment formerly extended from the first to the last bridge, and some portions of it are still perfect, but in places it has been entirely washed away or otherwise removed; it was chiefly composed of long and regular blocks of limestones, many of which were of very large dimensions, and among them may be seen many blocks of carved stones, evidently portions of ancient Hindú temples, ruins of which are scattered all over the valley. Along the banks of the river there are also numerous remains of stone gháts or landing-stairs. After continued heavy rains, aided by the melting of the snows on the surrounding mountains—floods are not uncommon—the waters rise very rapidly, and occasionally cause much damage. The river is not fordable, but boats of all sizes, up to 400 and 500 maunds burthen, ply up and down it; the smaller description are propelled with paddles and the larger by poles. The clusters of bathing-boxes moored along the margin of the stream, and which are met with in almost all the villages and towns throughout the valley, are a noteworthy feature in the scene.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "town", "city", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "city", "quote": "iver Jhelam makes one long bend through the city, and in its passage has been narrowed to a width of little more t" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "River.. River.. Town. The river Jhelam makes one long bend through the" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "ormerly extended from the first to the last bridge, and some portions of it are still perfect, but in places it has" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "cks of carved stones, evidently portions of ancient Hindú temples, ruins of which are scattered all over the valley." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bridges", "historical_name": "Bridges.", "modern_name": "Bridges.", "pdf_page": 360, "pdf_viewer_page": 374, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The bridges which cross the Jhelam in its passage through the city of Srinagar are all of the same material and picturesque form of construction; they are traditionally ascribed to the period of independent Mohamedan rule, i.e., from A.D. 1326 to 1587. Their construction may be thus described: Piles are first driven to make a foundation, undressed deodar logs of about 25 feet in length and 2 1/2 or 3 feet in girth are laid about 2 feet apart, in a horizontal position, layer on layer, each alternate layer being at right angles with that above and beneath it. In this way the piers are raised to the height of 25 or 30 feet. They are about 90 feet apart, and are spanned by long undressed timbers of the same wood, placed side by side; above, a little earth is laid on to make a roadway, or a double row of small timbers closely packed is laid transversely across the bridge, sloping from the middle towards either edge. The piers are usually protected on their upper sides from the violence of floods by abutments formed of stones and piles, which present sharp angles to the current. The deodar piles in many of the bridges have remained uninjured by the water for several centuries.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Pass / route", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Zero Bridge", "no_match_score": 18, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "pass", "city", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "admin_status: Pass / route" }, { "feature": "city", "quote": "cross the Jhelam in its passage through the city of Srinagar are all of the same material and picturesque form of" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": ". Pass / route. The bridges which cross the Jhelam in its passage through the city of Srinagar are all of the same m" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "sely packed is laid transversely across the bridge, sloping from the middle towards either edge. The piers are usual" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "Bridges.. Bridges.. Pass / route. The bridges which cross the Jhelam in its passage through the ci" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "canals", "historical_name": "Canals.", "modern_name": "Canals.", "pdf_page": 361, "pdf_viewer_page": 375, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "While the Jhelam forms the main artery of communication through the city of Srinagar, it is supplemented by a net-work of canals, vis., the Kuth-i-kol on the left bank, and the Tsont-i-kol, the Mar, and the Rainawari, with their branches, on the right bank. The Kuth-i-kol leaves the left bank of the Jhelam just north of and below the walls of the Sher Garhi, and flowing beneath the Tainki bridge, a kadal of two spans passes the Golab Bagh to the west, the bank on this side being retained by a wall. At the north end of this garden some masses of masonry in the channel indicate the remains of the Ded Kadal. A branch or loop to the west embraces the Dewan Kirpa Ram garden, and just above the ziárat of Syud Mansur the canal bifurcates. The western branch, known as the Sonnah-kol, is the smaller and shallower; it skirts the town in a north-westerly direction, flowing under a bridge close to the Syud Mansur ziárat, and, passing on the left bank the Colonel Beja Sing Bagh, at the north end of which a road is carried across the canal by a rickety kadal bridge, it then passes under the Deresh Kadal, and eventually empties itself into the Dudli Ganga river just above the Chutsa Kadal bridge, which crosses that stream about 50 yards from its junction with the Jhelam. Returning to the main branch of the Kuth-i-kol canal, it passes under the Kunyah Kadal in the vicinity of the Dewan Kirpa Ram Bagh, and flowing beneath the Haj-rat-rin Sum bridge passes the garden-house of Mirza Maihidhín on the right bank, just below which a shallow branch makes a loop to the north, passing under the Sali-Gulwan, an old masonry arch. The main branch, which has hitherto taken a northerly direction, now turns to the west, passing under the Bozhager Kadal; the banks of the canal are now high and supported by a stone embankment, which is in a dilapidated condition; it then passes the Malik Sahib ziárat on the right bank; on the left the ground is open and laid out in vegetable gardens; the canal then flows under the Watal Kadal, about 70 yards beyond which it empties itself into the Jhelam, just above the Suffa Kadal, the last bridge. The Kuth-i-kol canal is only navigable for about four months (April to July), when the Jhelam is in flood; for the rest of the year it consists for the most part of a succession of dirty puddles of stagnant water. When full, this canal is traversed by boats of the largest description. That portion of the town lying on the right bank of the Jhelam is intersected by a labyrinth of water channels, whose only communication with the river is by the way of the Dal lake and the Tsont-i-kol canal, a propté to which Baron Hügel remarks that when living in the Dilawar Khán Bágh on the Mar canal, it took an hour and a half by water to reach the Sháh Hamedán mosque on the bank of the Jhelam, the distance by land being only a few hundred yards. The Tsont-i-kol or apple-tree canal leaves the right bank of the Jhelam opposite the Sher Ghari, just below the Bassant Bágh ; at its lower end it is about 30 yards wide, and varies in depth from 3 to 15 feet, according to the height of the river. At the upper end its waters communicate with the Dal lake through flood-gates, which remain open when the current sets from the lake towards the river. During inundations of the Jhelam the flood-gates are closed on the first rush of water towards the lake, which is thus prevented from overflowing the lower part of the city. The Gao Kadal crosses the canal near the Sher Ghari end, and it is embanked on both sides and lined with magnificent trees; the water is very clear, and numerous fish play amongst the long reeds that wave upon its edges; its surface is often covered with numbers of tame ducks and geese, which are the property of the Maharajah. One of the Pathán governors had it in contemplation to unite the trees on either bank by a kind of suspended trellis-work, and then to have planted vines whose fruit and branches would have been thus supported over the midst of the stream, but his recall prevented him from carrying his intentions into effect. The length of the canal from the Jhelam to the Drogjun or water-gate at the entrance of the Dal lake is about 1½ mile, and the time occupied in traversing it in a small boat is a little more than half an hour. A branch of the Tsont-i-kol canal leads from the water-gate in a southerly direction between the foot of the Takhti-i-Sulaimán and the end of the poplar avenue, and communicates with the Jhelam; its mouth is closed by an embankment, over which, however, the river rises in seasons of high floods ; this branch is known as the Songawar canal; it frequently dries, and is crossed by a kadal bridge at the end of the poplar avenue.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Ranbir canal", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "town", "city", "fort", "religious_site", "garden", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "city", "quote": "he main artery of communication through the city of Srinagar, it is supplemented by a net-work of canals, vis., th" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "st north of and below the walls of the Sher Garhi, and flowing beneath the Tainki bridge, a kadal of two spans pass" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "Dewan Kirpa Ram garden, and just above the ziárat of Syud Mansur the canal bifurcates. The western branch, known as" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "idge, a kadal of two spans passes the Golab Bagh to the west, the bank on this side being retained by a wall. At t" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Canals.. Canals.. Town. While the Jhelam forms the main artery of communication through the city of Srinag" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "rainawari-canal", "historical_name": "Rainawari canal", "modern_name": "Rainawari Canal", "pdf_page": 362, "pdf_viewer_page": 376, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The Rainawari canal, or rather the net-work of water channels which fringes the western side of the Dal lake, is sometimes known by other names, such as the Kraliyar, Dal Kotwal, &c., from the localities through which it passes. The general direction of the canal from the water-gate at the south-west corner of the Dal is due north, passing through the Rainawar and suburbs lying at the foot of the Hari Parbat. Vigne describes this canal as sometimes shaded by a stately chunar, sometimes bounded by a wall, sometimes by a meadow sloping imperceptibly to the water's edge, its surface covered with closely-growing lotus-leaves, through which the boats make their way with difficulty.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Lake / spring / water site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Ranbir canal", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: Lake / spring / water site" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "Rainawari canal. Rainawari Canal. Lake / spring / water site. The Rainawari canal, or rather the net-work of wate" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "rainawar-canal", "historical_name": "Rainawar canal", "modern_name": "Rainawar Canal", "pdf_page": 362, "pdf_viewer_page": 376, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "Moorcroft says that the Rainawar canal receives at its commencement—where it is called also the water of Khaja-yar-bal—a small supply from the northward. The contents of the canal by which it is brought are furnished by the Sind near the village of Kanji; passing over a platform it skirts the base of the hills past Gandarbal, and sends off a main branch into the city to fulfil one of the chief objects of its construction, the provision of a supply of water to the Jama Masjid, to which it was led in as direct a line as the surface permitted. It is called the Lakhi canal, having cost a lakh of rupees, and was the work of Zein-ul-abidin; it was last repaired by Aurangzeb.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "Second entry with similar heading but a distinct descriptive paragraph, presented as a new entry for clarity.", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Ranbir canal", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "city", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "city", "quote": "arbal, and sends off a main branch into the city to fulfil one of the chief objects of its construction, the provi" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "provision of a supply of water to the Jama Masjid, to which it was led in as direct a line as the surface permitted" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Rainawar canal. Rainawar Canal. Village. Moorcroft says that the Rainawar canal" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "public-buildings", "historical_name": "Public Buildings.", "modern_name": "Public Buildings.", "pdf_page": 364, "pdf_viewer_page": 378, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The public buildings in the city of Srinagar are but few, and none of them are entitled to notice for either their architectural or antiquarian merits. The Jamna Masjid, or great mosque, is situated on the north side of the town, a short distance from the right bank of the Jhelam, between the bend of the river and the Hari Parbat hill. It is a very large square and saracenic building, with an open square or pateo in the centre, and a wooden steeple at each angle. The foundations are of stone, but the roof of the surrounding cloister, or interior, is supported by two rows of pillars, three hundred and ninety-two in all, on plain stone bases, each pillar being formed of a single deodar tree, about 30 feet in height, and the bases, it is said, were once part of a flight of steps leading to the top of the Takht-i-Suliman, though this may be doubted on account of their shape. A large gothic arch opens from the pateo to the principal altar, over which the roof is much higher than elsewhere. The length of a side of the square in the interior is 126 yards, the width 21 yards. The gloomy silence and general aspect of the place are cathedral-like and imposing; over the gate is an inscription in Persian, from which we learn that the mosque was built by the emperor Shah Jehan. The floor is paved throughout with bricks, which are placed edgeways; nearly opposite to the entrance to this mosque, there is a raised stone platform covered with graves, and close to it a small ruined enclosure, the remains of a stone temple. A little further on there is a very large, deep, and square tank or reservoir, having a long and broad flight of steps leading down to the water. Outside the western wall of this mosque there are several Chakh tombs, amongst which there is a small miniature temple with four sides, each of which is about 12 inches wide and 18 inches high, and it is supported upon a fluted stone column, 2½ feet high, and 3 feet 8 inches in circumference. The Sháh Hamadán masjid is situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, just below the Fathi Kadal, or third bridge. The shrine is constructed chiefly of the wood of the deodar pine, and is equipped with a pyramidal steeple of timber capped with brass, the prototype of every mosque in Kashmír. The famous Syud Ali Hamadáni fled into Kashmír in the reign of Shabab-ú-dín (A. D. 1360 to 1386), and founded an ascetic order of monks; his story, as believed by the Mohammedans, is as follows:—Timur Lung was one night wandering in disguise about the streets of his capital (Samarkand), and overheard an old man and his wife talking over their prospects of starvation, upon which he took off an armlet, threw it to them, and departed unseen. A pretended Syud, or descendant of the prophet, asked them how they came by the armlet, and accused them of having stolen it. The matter was made known to Timur, who very sagaciously decreed that the owner must be the person who could produce the fellow-armlet. He then displayed it in his own possession, and ordered the accuser to undergo the ordeal of hot iron, which he refused, and was put to death in consequence. Timur, moreover, put to death all the other pretended Syuds in the country. One named Syud Ali, or Sháh Hamadán, who really was a descendant of the prophet, accused Timur of impiety, and told him that he would not remain in his country, and by virtue of his sanctity was able to transport himself through the air to Kashmír. He descended where the masjid now stands, and told the Hindú fakír to depart. He refused, upon which Sháh Hamadán said that, if he would bring him news from heaven, he would then believe that he was a great man. The fakír, who had the care of numerous idols, immediately despatched one of them towards heaven, upon which Sháh Hamadán kicked his slipper after it with such force, that the image fell to the ground. He then asked the fakír how he became so great a man; he replied, by doing charitable actions, upon which Sháh Hamadán thought him worthy of being made a convert to Islam; and in a few days so many more followed his example, that two and a half kharwárs of juncos, or sacred strings worn by the Brahmins, were delivered up by the Hindú proselytes. The converted fakír himself was called Shyk Baba Wuli, and a penance of forty days performed at his shrine, is considered the ne plus ultra of the meritorious.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "Entry continues onto the next page.", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "J&K Public Works Department", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "fort", "city", "town", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "city", "quote": "historic site. The public buildings in the city of Srinagar are but few, and none of them are entitled to notice" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "osque, is situated on the north side of the town, a short distance from the right bank of the Jhelam, between the" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "hitectural or antiquarian merits. The Jamna Masjid, or great mosque, is situated on the north side of the town, a sh" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "f the town, a short distance from the right bank of the Jhelam, between the bend of the river and the Hari Parbat" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "ht bank of the Jhelam, just below the Fathi Kadal, or third bridge. The shrine is constructed chiefly of the wood o" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ali-masjid", "historical_name": "Ali Masjid", "modern_name": "Aali Masjid", "pdf_page": 365, "pdf_viewer_page": 379, "latitude": 34.1049, "longitude": 74.7942, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aali_Mosque", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=954821443181291802&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research confirmed prior Google candidate: source's Ali Masjid at the Idgah matches modern Aali Mosque/Aali Masjid. Existing Google pin kept for precision; review before finalizing.", "blurb": "The Ali Masjid is situated at the north end of the Idgah, an open, flat green or common on the bank of the Mar canal, close to the right bank of the Jhelam. The mosque is a fine old building, half concealed by some of the largest chunars in Kashmír. The interior is about 64 yards long and 22 wide; the roof is flat, and supported by four rows of polygonal wooden pillars, each pillar resting upon a plain, triangular stone pedestal, about 18 inches high. Upon the floor, near the western wall, there is a stone slab, 3 feet long and 15 inches high, bearing an Arabic inscription, which states that this Ali Masjid was built in the time of Sultán Hassain Badsháh, by Kaji Husti, Sonár, about A. D. 1471.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=954821443181291802", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Shrine / sacred site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJdefM7U-F4TgRGim_MAs1QA0", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "religious_site", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "The Ali Masjid is... The mosque is a fine old building" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "close to the right bank of the Jhelam" } ], "feature_notes": "Ali Masjid is a mosque religious site located near the Jhelam river bank.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kohi-mar-n-or-hari-parbat", "historical_name": "Kohi Marán, or Hari Parbat", "modern_name": "Hari Parbat", "pdf_page": 365, "pdf_viewer_page": 379, "latitude": 34.10528, "longitude": 74.81611, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hari_Parbat", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=34.10528,74.81611", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research: source explicitly says Kohi Maran, or Hari Parbat; mapped to modern Hari Parbat. Coordinates from Wikipedia; review before marking final.", "blurb": "On the southern side of the Kohi Marán, or Hari Parbat hill, is a fine old ruin of a beautiful mosque built by Akhún Mullah Sháh, the tutor or spiritual guide of the emperor Jehángír, who founded several other edifices in Kashmír. Baron Hügel says that it deserves notice on account of the finely-wrought black marble and stone lavished upon it. The gates are made of one single stone, and polished like a mirror; but the wanton love of destruction has torn some out of their places, and others lie perishing on the earth. To the west of this ruin is the shrine of Shah Hamzeh or Makadam Sahib, a large wooden-roofed building of great sanctity among the Mohammedans.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hari_Parbat", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Shrine / sacred site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "fort", "mountain", "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "mountain", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "The hill, which is called also Koh-i-Marán, or Hari Parbat" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "The hill and fortress of the Hari Parbat" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "is a fine old ruin of a beautiful mosque built by Akhún Mullah Sháh" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "the shrine of Shah Hamzeh or Makadam Sahib, a large wooden-roofed building of great sanctity" } ], "feature_notes": "Hari Parbat is a hill (mountain) with a fort, mosque ruins, and a Muslim shrine on its slopes.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "no-masjid-or-pathar-masjid", "historical_name": "No Masjid, or Pathar Masjid", "modern_name": "No Masjid, Or Pathar Masjid", "pdf_page": 366, "pdf_viewer_page": 380, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "is one of the three mosques that were erected at Srinagar in the time of the emperors. It is situated on the left bank of the river, nearly opposite the Shah Hamadan, and is perhaps the most massive and substantial building in the city. It was founded in the reign of Jehangir, by his famous queen, Nur Jahan (the light of the world), the Nur Mahal (the light of the palace) of Lalla Rookh. It consists of three aisles, about 180 feet long, divided by piers of the simplest possible design. Beyond a little shallow panelling on the walls, and the foliations of the Saracenic arches, there is a total absence of decoration. In consequence of a prejudice against the sex of the founder, it has always been appropriated to secular purposes, and is now used as a barn. Adjoining the fine old ghat leading to this mosque, there is a burial ground, where three or four massive fluted limestone columns are lying about, and near them is an old ziarat, called the Haji Amedi Khari.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Pather Masjid", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "city", "fort", "religious_site", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "city", "quote": "ost massive and substantial building in the city. It was founded in the reign of Jehangir, by his famous queen, Nu" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "the world), the Nur Mahal (the light of the palace) of Lalla Rookh. It consists of three aisles, about 180 feet long" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "No Masjid, or Pathar Masjid. No Masjid, Or Pathar Masjid. River / watercour" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "now used as a barn. Adjoining the fine old ghat leading to this mosque, there is a burial ground, where three or" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "thugri-baha-ki-ziarat", "historical_name": "Thugri Baha-ki-Ziarat", "modern_name": "Thugri Baha-Ki-Ziarat", "pdf_page": 366, "pdf_viewer_page": 380, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "is situated on the left bank of the river, immediately above the junction of the Kut-i-Kol canal; it is said to be worthy of a visit, being composed of white marble, beautifully inlaid with black. The very elegant fretwork in the window is made of composition that might be taken for stone.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "Thugri Baha-ki-Ziarat. Thugri Baha-Ki-Ziarat. River / watercourse. is situated on the l" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bulbul-lankar", "historical_name": "Bulbul Lankar", "modern_name": "Bulbul Lanker", "pdf_page": 366, "pdf_viewer_page": 380, "latitude": 34.0970708, "longitude": 74.8013611, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2939990982445501845&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Bulbul Lanker, Srinagar 190002. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "is a small and decayed wooden building on the right bank of the Jhelam, about 200 yards below the Haili Kadal, the fifth bridge; it is said to be the first mosque erected in Kashmir, and to contain the ashes of the fakir named Bulbul Shah, by whom, according to tradition, Mohammedanism was first introduced into the country. Trees are growing through the roof of the building, which is now in a very ruinous and neglected state.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2939990982445501845&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Shrine / sacred site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJVVnv1EKF4TgRlQ2ExzjyzCg", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "religious_site", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "admin_status: Shrine / sacred site" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ll and decayed wooden building on the right bank of the Jhelam, about 200 yards below the Haili Kadal, the fifth b" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "the Jhelam, about 200 yards below the Haili Kadal, the fifth bridge; it is said to be the first mosque erected in K" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "haili-kadal", "historical_name": "Haili Kadal", "modern_name": "Haili Kadal", "pdf_page": 366, "pdf_viewer_page": 380, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "Immediately below the Haili Kadal, on the right bank of the river, is the Raintun Shah ki Masjid, an old stone building; on the western wall is a stone bearing a peculiar inscription in the Nagri character, supposed to be Buddhist. The Vyzi Sahib-ki-Ziarat is just below this building.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Aiwa Kadal bridge", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "religious_site", "bridge_or_ferry", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "t bank of the river, is the Raintun Shah ki Masjid, an old stone building; on the western wall is a stone bearing a" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "Haili Kadal. Haili Kadal. River / watercourse. Immediately below the Haili Ka" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "western wall is a stone bearing a peculiar inscription in the Nagri character, supposed to be Buddhist. The Vyzi Sahib-k" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "mongri-masjid", "historical_name": "Mongri Masjid", "modern_name": "Mongri Masjid", "pdf_page": 366, "pdf_viewer_page": 380, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "in the northern portion of the town, on the canal south-east of the Dilawar Khan Bagh, is worthy of notice, being in better preservation than any other building of the kind.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Jamia Masjid Srinagar", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "town", "religious_site", "garden", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "Mongri Masjid. Mongri Masjid. Town. in the northern portion of the town, on the" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "on the canal south-east of the Dilawar Khan Bagh, is worthy of notice, being in better preservation than any other" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "in the northern portion of the town, on the canal south-east of the Dilawar Khan Bagh, is worthy of notice, being i" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "fortresses", "historical_name": "Fortresses", "modern_name": "Fortresses", "pdf_page": 366, "pdf_viewer_page": 380, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "Srinagar is most open to attack from the south by the line of the Dud Ganga and high road from Shopian; it is not defended by wall or ditch, and the only strong places are the forts of the Sher Garhi and Hari Parbat.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Hari Parbat", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "fort", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "the south by the line of the Dud Ganga and high road from Shopian; it is not defended by wall or ditch, and the only s" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sher-garhi", "historical_name": "Sher Garhi", "modern_name": "Sher Garhi", "pdf_page": 366, "pdf_viewer_page": 380, "latitude": 34.0729764, "longitude": 74.8034696, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sher_Garhi_Palace", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/SherGarhi+Palace/@34.0729764,74.8034696,783m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m10!1m2!2m1!1sshergarhi+palace!3m6!1s0x38e18f75dd177a7d:0x285b59464f4bc722!8m2!3d34.073284!4d74.8061576!15sChBzaGVyZ2FyaGkgcGFsYWNlkgETaGlzdG9yaWNhbF9sYW5kbWFya-ABAA!16s%2Fg%2F11g22336pt?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMi4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research: source describes Sher Garhi palace/fort in Srinagar; mapped to Sher Garhi Palace. Prior Google pin may be displaced from Srinagar, so kept weak pending coordinate review.", "blurb": "which is situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, at the south end of the town, contains the royal palace, and is the city residence of the Maharajah and of the Wazir Pannu, the governor of Kashmir. As a fortress, it does not possess any great strength, the outer walls being old and dilapidated; and from the amount of pine timber and other inflammable substances, of which the interior buildings are constructed, it could not long withstand artillery fire. One or two batteries of field artillery are accommodated in the gun sheds within the fort, but apparently there are no guns mounted on the walls. The fort is a rectangular enclosure, about 400 yards long and 200 yards wide, lying due north and south on the river bank, just below the Amiri Kadal, the first bridge. The southern face is separated from the bázár and suburb at the end of the bridge by a raised causeway and narrow glacis, about 150 yards long. At the north end flows the Kuth-i-Kol canal, and the houses on its left bank approach close to the walls; on the west side the ground is for the most part open, a raised road and avenue of poplar trees leading to the bridge crossing the Dúdí Ganga and to the parade-ground; on the east side the Jhelam flows beneath. On the three land sides, north, south, and west, the walls, which are throughout of stone, and loop-holed, are double; on the river front they are surmounted by numerous buildings and dwellings, the residences and offices of government officials, which project over the water; both inner and outer walls are connected by bastion towers at close intervals; the outer wall on the land sides is probably about 15 feet high, and is in a somewhat ruinous condition. On the west side it is protected by a wet ditch about 30 feet in width and of proportionate depth; this ditch overlaps and protects the north-west and south-west corners, and part of the north and south fronts. On the river face the wall is about 22 feet high. Round the inner side of the outer wall is a row of barracks, and a covered way about 30 feet wide separates the outer and the inner wall. The inner walls are in much better repair, and much more substantial than the outer, being about 30 feet high; they are likewise protected by low bastion towers at the corners and intervals. The main entrance is from the causeway at the south-east corner; the road turning to the west enters the inner enclosure in the middle of the south face, and leads through a long bázár; the houses are of brick, and the road, which is roughly paved, is about 30 feet wide; on either side of this bázár are scattered dwellings, and the garrison store-houses, &c. From the bázár the path lies through a quadrangle called the Arm Khás, which contains the government offices; to the east of the Arm Khás, with which it communicates on the river front, is another and smaller enclosure, the Rang-i-Mahal, containing the hall of audience, reception chambers, and the office of the governor; it is approached by a ghát and stair-case from the river. South of the Rang-i-Mahal, and leading from it, is a small enclosure, the toshakhana or store-rooms for shawls and other valuable government property. The whole of the north end of the fort is occupied by the royal residence and private dwellings, having on the river front the royal temple called the Maharaj-ka-Mandar, a very ugly structure, the roof of which is covered with thin plates of metal said to be gold. Passing through the Arm Khás the road emerges from the inner fort, and passes by the covered way along the west front, turning round the north front, in the middle of which is situated the main exit through the outer wall. The Sher Garhi was, it is said, built by Amir Khán Jehan; it was called Narsing-ghar by the Sikhs.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/SherGarhi+Palace/@34.0729764,74.8034696,783m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m10!1m2!2m1!1sshergarhi+palace!3m6!1s0x38e18f75dd177a7d:0x285b59464f4bc722!8m2!3d34.073284!4d74.8061576!15sChBzaGVyZ2FyaGkgcGFsYWNlkgETaGlzdG9yaWNhbF9sYW5kbWFya-ABAA!16s%2Fg%2F11g22336pt?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMi4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJOYHDp3oaHjkR-XOALw6ri2Q", "finalized": true, "match_status": "weak", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "features": [ "fort", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "The fort... contains the royal palace" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "the royal temple called the Maharaj-ka-Mandar" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "On the east side the Jhelam flows beneath" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "a bridge crossing the Dúdí Ganga" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "a raised road and avenue of poplar trees leading to the bridge" } ], "feature_notes": "Sher Garhi is a fort including a royal temple, located on the river Jhelam bank, adjacent to a bridge and road access.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hari-parbat", "historical_name": "Hari Parbat", "modern_name": "Hari Parbat", "pdf_page": 367, "pdf_viewer_page": 381, "latitude": 34.1058062, "longitude": 74.8165049, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hari_Parbat", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=4229251062344974262&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research confirmed prior Google candidate: source explicitly describes Hari Parbat/Koh-i-Maran hill and fort. Existing Google pin kept for precision. Review before marking final.", "blurb": "The hill and fortress of the Hari Parbat occupies a most dominant position on the northern outskirts of the city. It seems obvious that it derives its name from the Hindú god Hari or Vishnu, of whom there is a rock-cut sculpture on one side of the slope. The hill, which is called also Koh-i-Marán, lies between the Dal and Anchar lakes, and rises about 250 feet above the level of the plain; it is of trap formation, and though now almost bare of vegetation, is mentioned by Forster as being covered with gardens and orchards.\n\nThe hill is surrounded by a stone wall, a portion of which has fallen into ruins; it was built by Akbar and enclosed the royal city of Nagar Nagar; its length is about 3 miles; it is 28 feet high and 13 thick, and is strengthened at intervals of about 50 yards by bastions which are about 34 feet high, and loop-holed like the upper part of the wall.\n\nAt present there are but three gateways, the Káti Durwázá on the south-east, the Bachi on the west, and the Sanghín on the north-west; over one of them is an inscription in Persian: \"The chief of the kings of the world, Sháh Akbar; may his dominion extend.\" On another is an inscription, also in Persian, which says that this Kila of Nag-i-Nagar is built by order of the great king, Akbar, at the expense of one crore and ten lakhs of rupees from Hindustan (£1,100,000); that 200 master-builders were employed; and that no injustice was done to any one who assisted them, but that all were paid; that there never was a king like this king of kings, nor ever will be; that it was built in the year of the Hejira 1006 (A.D.\n\n1597), and that the superintendent's name was Kohja Mohamed Husyn, a slave of Akbar.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=4229251062344974262&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJvS1hb3KF4TgRtv8DBW9RsTo", "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "fort", "mountain", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "mountain", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "The hill and fortress of the Hari Parbat" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "The hill is surrounded by a stone wall... bastions... fortifications" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "a portion of which has fallen into ruins" } ], "feature_notes": "Hari Parbat is a mountain hill with fortifications and some ruined walls.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "the-fort", "historical_name": "The fort", "modern_name": "Hari Parbat Fort", "pdf_page": 368, "pdf_viewer_page": 382, "latitude": 34.10528, "longitude": 74.81611, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hari_Parbat", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=34.10528,74.81611", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research: this is the fort continuation immediately after the Hari Parbat entry; mapped to Hari Parbat Fort. Coordinates from Wikipedia; review before marking final.", "blurb": "The fort, which occupies the summit of the hill, may be reached by two roads, one beginning at the north side of the hill, and which is broad, of an easy gradient, and fit for horses, the other commencing at the foot of the south face, which is steep and rugged. The fort, which is built of stone, consists of two wings placed at an obtuse angle to each other, following the outline of the crest, and also of a separate square building with a bastion at each end, situated just below the western wing. The walls are of stone, about 30 feet in height and 3 feet in thickness. The south face only is pierced for musketry.\n\nBarracks for a small garrison are built inside against the main walls; on their roof is a thick coating of earth, which would afford shelter to the soldiers firing through the loopholes. The fort only mounts a few honeycombed guns, and, to judge from its appearance, it would not stand the concussion occasioned by the firing of heavy ordnance. Its flanking fire is slight. Inside there are three masonry tanks, which are replenished daily, and hold sufficient water for the wants of the garrison during a protracted siege. The space within is very limited, and the garrison would suffer very severely from shelling. The fort has no ditch. There is one gateway on the east side.\n\nThe north side is weak, but is protected by the proximity of the lake. On the east side marshy ground extends to within 400 yards of the base of the hill on which the fort is built. On the west side there are thinly scattered suburbs and small walled enclosures; there is also marshy land, but at a greater distance than on the east side. It appears to be the weakest side; and the fort was attacked in this place when the country was wrested from Shaikh Emám-ú-Dín. The southern or city side of the fort is most easily approached, and on that account it is made stronger. The town extends nearly to the base of the hill.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hari_Parbat", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "fort" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "The fort... consists of two wings... walls are of stone, about 30 feet in height" } ], "feature_notes": "Descriptions of fort structures on top of the Hari Parbat hill.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hari-parbat-2", "historical_name": "Hari Parbat", "modern_name": "Hari Parbat", "pdf_page": 368, "pdf_viewer_page": 382, "latitude": 34.1058062, "longitude": 74.8165049, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hari_Parbat", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=4229251062344974262&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research confirmed prior Google candidate: source continues the Hari Parbat fort description. Existing Google pin kept for precision. Review before marking final.", "blurb": "The Hari Parbat is naturally a strong position, as it is protected more or less on every side by marshy lands and lakes; but the fortifications on it could make no great resistance to an attacking force furnished with artillery.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=4229251062344974262&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJvS1hb3KF4TgRtv8DBW9RsTo", "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "fort", "mountain" ], "primary_feature": "mountain", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "The Hari Parbat is naturally a strong position" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "the fortifications on it could make no great resistance" } ], "feature_notes": "Hari Parbat as a mountain with fortifications.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "water-supply", "historical_name": "Water-supply", "modern_name": "Water-Supply", "pdf_page": 368, "pdf_viewer_page": 382, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The inhabitants of Srinagar obtain their supplies of drinking water almost exclusively from the river and canals, or from the lakes, that from the Gogribal, at the south-eastern corner of the Dal, being considered the best. There are a few wells in the city in gardens, and attached to the masjids, and hammáms; but well water is only used for purposes of irrigation and ablution. The water of the Jhelam must necessarily be very foul, being charged with the impurities, not only of the capital, but also of the towns and villages situated on its banks; it is, however, highly esteemed by those who use it. There are but few springs in the neighbourhood of Srinagar, and, with the exception of the Chashma Shahi, they yield only a scanty and uncertain supply of water. The Chashma Shahi is situated at the south end of a small garden and pleasure-house on the slopes of the mountain about a mile from the south-east margin of the Dal; its waters are very pure and most abundant. There is also a small spring in the village of Thúd, below the Kutlun or Pari Mahal, a short distance to the west of Chashma Shahi. A spring known as the Droguin Poker is situated under some chunar trees near the garden of a gosain, at the south-west foot of the Takht-i-Sulaimán, east of the Sonawar branch of the Tsont-i-Khol canal; in seasons of drought this spring sometimes dries. Close to the Ali Masjid, on the Idgah, is a small tank which is fed by a spring; and in the suburb of Naoshera, north of the city, are two springs, the Vetsar Nag and Wantebown, both of which are appropriated by the Hindús. Antiquities. — The entire absence of any ancient buildings or antiquities in the city of Srinagar is remarkable, and the fact may be explained by the intolerant zeal of the Mahomedan conquerors, who maintained the city as the principal seat of the government. The destruction was mainly accomplished during the first few years of the fifteenth century by Sikandar, the fifth in succession of the line of sovereigns, who himself adopted, and is uniformly known to posterity by the distinctive title of Bhut-Shikan, i.e., the Iconoclast. It was his boast to have demolished every temple in Kashmír — a boast which the still-existing remains clearly convict of falsehood, if by Kashmír is intended the whole country of that name, but possibly true enough if applied only to the city of Srinagar, or Kashmír Khás, as it is frequently designated. The stone embankments, which line the river on either side in its course through the city, are very largely composed of sculptured masses, plinths, cornices, pediments, and friezes; the tomb of Sikandar's queen is constructed on a base, and with materials of Hindú architecture; and in the suburb of Naushahra are some gracefully designed columns, and the walls of one square temple partially standing. But beyond these mere fragments, there is not a vestige of any ancient building within the city bounds.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "JS-PHE Rural Water Supply Sub-Division Nowshera Srinagar", "no_match_score": 18, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "town", "city", "village", "religious_site", "garden", "river_or_lake", "spring", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "city", "quote": "ered the best. There are a few wells in the city in gardens, and attached to the masjids, and hammáms; but well wa" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "Water-supply. Water-Supply. Town. The inhabitants of Srinagar obtain their supplies of drinking water almost exclus" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "is spring sometimes dries. Close to the Ali Masjid, on the Idgah, is a small tank which is fed by a spring; and in t" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "best. There are a few wells in the city in gardens, and attached to the masjids, and hammáms; but well water is only" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "drinking water almost exclusively from the river and canals, or from the lakes, that from the Gogribal, at the sou" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "kashmir", "historical_name": "Kashmir", "modern_name": "Kashmir", "pdf_page": 369, "pdf_viewer_page": 383, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "Probably the most ancient building now remaining is the tomb of king Badshah or Zein-úl-Abídin, situated just below the Zaina Kadal, the fourth bridge. He lived in 1422, and was the eighth and most renowned of the Mahomedan monarchs of Kashmir. The tomb, which probably occupies the site of an ancient Hindú temple, is of brick, in form octagonal, ornamented with Saracenic arches, and surmounted by a single dome surrounded by four smaller ones. It appears to be the earliest specimen of the style that had escaped from its place of refuge at Byzantium during the dark ages. Vigne records that the dome reminded him of that on Justinian's church of St. Sophia at Trebizond. The tomb is surrounded by a burial-ground, which is enclosed by a massive stone wall, having an arched entrance on the south-east side. It contains an inscription to the memory of Mirza Hyder of Auratipa (Orattipa), who invaded Kashmir with 4,000 cavalry in the reign of the emperor Humáún, and after several adventures made himself master of the valley, and reigned there ten years.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Shrine / sacred site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "This entry starts with the section on the tomb of king Badshah or Zein-úl-Abídin, identified as a discrete new topic within the flowing city description.", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Jammu and Kashmir", "no_match_score": 62, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "religious_site", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "admin_status: Shrine / sacred site" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "veral adventures made himself master of the valley, and reigned there ten years." }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "in-úl-Abídin, situated just below the Zaina Kadal, the fourth bridge. He lived in 1422, and was the eighth and most" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "ir. Shrine / sacred site. Probably the most ancient building now remaining is the tomb of king Badshah or Zein-úl-Abí" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "takht-i-sulam-n-throne-of-solomon", "historical_name": "Takht-i-Sulamān (Throne of Solomon)", "modern_name": "Shankaracharya Temple", "pdf_page": 370, "pdf_viewer_page": 384, "latitude": 34.0788182, "longitude": 74.841916, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shankaracharya_Temple", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Shri+Shankaracharya+Temple+Srinagar/@34.0788182,74.841916,685m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e18f6f3f8716df:0x778e120d6489acda!8m2!3d34.0789218!4d74.8437241!16s%2Fm%2F0261sdv?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research: Takht-i-Sulaman/Throne of Solomon corresponds to Shankaracharya Temple/Hill in Srinagar. Coordinates from Wikipedia; review before marking final.", "blurb": "The rocky eminence called the Takht-i-Sulamān (Throne of Solomon) is situated rather more than a mile south-east of the town, between the right bank of the Jhelam and the Dal lake, of which the traveller Forster calls it one of the portals; in this fancy he is followed by Moore. It forms the end of a spur from the Zebanwan mountain, but is separated from the main range by a depression or gully.\n\nThe hill rises to the height of 6,240 feet, 1,000 feet above the level of the surrounding plain, and overlooks the town of Srinagar, which spreads away to the foot of the opposite but lower eminence of the Hari Parbat, in contradistinction to which it is sometimes called by the Hindūs Siri-i-Shur, or Siva's head. It is also known by the name Sankara Chār, or Shankarātsāri, a pious Hindu who was supposed to be an incarnation of Siva, and is said to have lived some 400 years ago, and to have taken up his abode for a time on this mountain; or it may have been so named from Sankara and Chacra, two kings who reigned in Kashmīr, A.D. 954-6.\n\nThe formation of the hill is of trap rock, and a beautiful amygdaloid is found on its summit, which juts out in every direction through the grass and wild rose bushes. The temple crowning the Takht-i-Sulamān is stated to be the earliest of all the temples in Kashmīr. Baron Hügel records that its erection is ascribed to Gopaditya, of the Gonerdaya dynasty, 370 B.C., but later authorities seem to agree that the first religious edifice on this commanding site was built by Jaloka, the son of the great Buddhist convert Asoka, about 200 B.C. In all probability there is not a fragment of this now remaining.\n\nThe temple was subsequently re-built and dedicated to Jyestheswara, a title of Mahādeva, by Rajah Gopaditya, who reigned from A.D. 238 to 253. To this date may be ascribed the low enclosing wall and the plinth of the existing temple, but all the superstructure is evidently modern or greatly modernised. Its summit has been damaged, but its general figure has been that of a cone, with four sides formed by the rectangular adjustment of eight gable-shaped slabs of masonry, the surface of the outer slab being much less than that of the inner one.\n\nThe cone, which is about 25 feet in height, with proportionate base, rests upon an octagonal raised platform, whose wall is about 10 or 12 feet above the rock on which it is built, and whose circumference may be about 100 feet. A handsome flight of steps, formed, as the whole building is, of limestone, leads from the ground to the door of the temple. At a little distance below the latter building, which rises on the very summit of the Takht, are some ruins that indicate the existence of another edifice of the same materials.\n\nThe interior is circular, and 14 feet in diameter; the roof is flat and 11 feet high; the walls, which are 8 feet thick, are covered with white plaster composed of gypsum, and the roof is supported by four octagonal limestone pillars. In the centre of the floor there is a quadrangular stone platform; it supports a lingam of black stone, around which is carved a coiled serpent.\n\nUpon the hinder of the two pillars on the left there are two Persian inscriptions; that upon the front of it states that this bût or idol was made by Haji Hushti, a Sonār, in the year 54 of the Samat or Hindū era, or about 1,870 years ago, while that at the foot of the back part of the same pillar states that “he who raised up this idol was Kwājāh Rukm, son of Mirjān, in the year—” The remainder of the inscription is below the pavement, and cannot be made out. The Takht-i-Sulaiman may be ascended by two roads; the easier is that upon the west side, which commences behind the village of Drojdan, a few hundred yards from the sluice gate.\n\nThis path was made by Golab Singh a short time before his death, and is composed of wide stone steps extending nearly all the way up; the ascent occupies rather more than half an hour, and is practicable for ponies. The other road is on the east side of the hill, and is very rough, although not very steep; it is only fit for walking. The view from the top is exceedingly fine, embracing nearly the whole length and breadth of the valley.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Shri+Shankaracharya+Temple+Srinagar/@34.0788182,74.841916,685m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e18f6f3f8716df:0x778e120d6489acda!8m2!3d34.0789218!4d74.8437241!16s%2Fm%2F0261sdv?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "mountain", "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "mountain", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "The rocky eminence called the Takht-i-Sulamān... is a hill rising to the height of 6,240 feet" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "The temple crowning the Takht-i-Sulamān is stated to be the earliest of all the temples in Kashmīr" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "a lingam of black stone, around which is carved a coiled serpent" } ], "feature_notes": "Takht-i-Sulamān is a hill (mountain) crowned by a historic Hindu temple religious site.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "history", "historical_name": "History.", "modern_name": "History.", "pdf_page": 371, "pdf_viewer_page": 385, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The present city of Srinagar was built by King Pravara sena II in the beginning of the 6th century of the Christian era, but at the time of the visit of the famous Chinese pilgrim Hwen Thsang, A.D. 631, and indeed nearly three centuries later, the ancient capital of the same name was also standing on the spot now known as Pāndrathan. From the year A.D. 960 the site of the capital was fixed permanently at the present town of Srinagar.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "town", "city", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "city", "quote": "History.. History.. Town. The present city of Srinagar was built by King Pravara sena II in the beginning of" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "nd indeed nearly three centuries later, the ancient capital of the same name was also standing on the spot now known" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "european-quarter", "historical_name": "European quarter.", "modern_name": "European Quarter.", "pdf_page": 371, "pdf_viewer_page": 385, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The European quarter is situated on the right bank of the Jhelam, between the Takht-i Sulaimān and the south-east corner of the city. It is an open grassy plain, nearly a mile and a half long, by about half a mile broad, containing numerous gardens and enclosures, and is bisected from south-west to north-east by the poplar avenue. It may be considered an island, being bounded by the Jhelam on south and west, the Tsont-i-Kol canal on the north, and by the Sonawar branch of that canal on the east. The liberality of His Highness the Maharajah has provided a row of double-storied bungalows on the banks of the Jhelam for the accommodation of European visitors; those in the Munshi Bāgh, at the upper end of the reach, are of a superior description, and are usually reserved for married families; the lower range stands in three orchards, viz., the Hari Singh Bāgh to the east, Gurmak Singh Bāgh and the Tara Singh Bāgh to the west. Many of these houses have of late years been appropriated by the vendors of European commodities, and one has been devoted to the purposes of a post office. It is to be regretted that these lower houses should not have been built rather further from the edge of the stream, so as to permit of a level promenade being carried uninterruptedly along the river bank. The residence of the British Agent occupies a central position, just east of the island, between the upper and lower range of bungalows; it is surrounded by a large garden enclosed with an embankment fringed with poplars. The most convenient encamping grounds are those of the Chunar Bāgh, on the left bank of the Tsont-i-Kol canal; under the trees around the Hari Singh Bāgh, near the poplar avenue at the back of the lower range of bungalows; and in the Munshi Bāgh, behind the upper range. The island in Jhelam near the Agent’s residence, about midway between the upper and lower range of bungalows, is thickly shaded with trees, and affords a certain amount of accommodation. The Rām Munshi Bāgh, a large orchard on the right bank of the Jhelam, is a very quiet spot for encamping, but possesses the disadvantage of lying a mile and a half above the upper range of bungalows.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "city", "village", "garden", "pass" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "city", "quote": "i Sulaimān and the south-east corner of the city. It is an open grassy plain, nearly a mile and a half long, by ab" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "ption, and are usually reserved for married families; the lower range stands in three orchards, viz., the Hari Singh B" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "bout half a mile broad, containing numerous gardens and enclosures, and is bisected from south-west to north-east by" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ly reserved for married families; the lower range stands in three orchards, viz., the Hari Singh Bāgh to the east," } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "lakes", "historical_name": "Lakes.", "modern_name": "Lakes.", "pdf_page": 374, "pdf_viewer_page": 388, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The city of Srinagar may be said to be surrounded with lakes and morasses, but only those to the north approach the actual limits of the city. On the south, close to the left bank of the Jhelam, with which it communicates by a canal, the Vetnar stretches for some miles parallel with the belt of dry land which is traversed by the high road to Shupian; near to it is the Nagat Nambal, and to the west of the road on the left bank of the Dudh Ganga lies the head of the Bimman, one of the series of morasses lying between the slopes on the south-west side of the valley and the Jhelam, which extend the entire distance to the Wular lake. East and north-east of the town, on the right bank of the Jhelam, is the Dal or city lake. Dal signifies in the Kashmiri language \"a lake,\" and it is also a Tibetan word meaning \"still.\" It is said to have been at one time an extensive plain called Vitalamarg, and to have been converted into a lake by a Hindu Rajah. This lake is a source of large revenue to the government, who let it to the highest bidder. It was let in 1869 for 30,000 chilkis a year. The farmers of it are said to make out of it 40,000 chilki rupees annually. It extends from 5 to 6 miles from north to south, and is 2 to 3 miles from east to west at its broadest point. The mountains rise abruptly along its eastern edge. The average depth of this lake is not more than 7 to 10 feet, though in one place it reaches 26 feet; the water being very clear, the bottom, covered with weeds, is almost constantly visible. On its surface the lotus (nelumbum speciosum), with its noble pink and white flower, is very common, and in fact the leaves are so numerous that in some places they form a verdant carpet, over which the water hens, and others of the same genus, securely run without risk of being immersed. That extraordinary plant, the \"Annesleya Horrida\"—there called the Juwar—is also common in some parts of the lake. Its broad round leaf lies on the water like that of the lotus, its upper surface being in no way remarkable, whilst below it is covered with numerous hard, sharp, and hooked spicula, the use of which, no doubt, will some day be ascertained. The other plants on the lake are a white lily, another called til, and the singára (from singa, horn), or horned water-nut, and a numerous variety of reeds and rushes: of one kind is constructed the frame-sieve used by the paper-makers; with another the roofs of the boats are matted; and the flower of another, which resembles cotton in texture, is mixed up with the mortar that is plastered on the side of a bath, in order to prevent its being too much softened by the steam. During the autumn and winter the lake is covered with innumerable wild fowl, but the grebes, moor hens, and bald-coots are constantly to be found there; numerous herons may be distinguished at their favourite fishing stations, and the common king-fisher is seen at every corner of the lake, breasting the sun for an instant and then dropping into the water like a falling emerald. Many of the ducks are destroyed by eagles, who take up their residence in the neighbouring mountains for the purpose of preying upon them. The Arrah stream, which is the largest feeder of the lake, flows into it at its northern extremity in a deep dark channel, which is known as the Tel-bul, or the river of oil. It also contains numerous springs. At the southern extremity of the lake is the Dróguin sluice-gate, through which it communicates with the Jhelam by the Tsont-i-Kol canal. This gate, as well as the embankment, which is continued from it towards the city, was, it is said, originally built by Pravarasena, A.D. 59. The ruins of the old flood-gate are still to be seen. The present one was constructed by the Patháns, and obviously in a better situation, as one side of it is formed of solid trap rock. A short distance from the Dróguin is a pillar in the canal, by which the height of the water is ascertained. When the surface of the lake, as is usually the case, is higher than that of the river, the flood-gates remain open, and when the river becomes full, they close themselves, so as to prevent the lake from being overflowed, and its waters from spreading themselves over the adjoining country. There is a bridge over the flood-gates, and a pathway along the causeway leading from it.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Dal Lake", "no_match_score": 52, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "town", "city", "river_or_lake", "spring", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "city", "quote": "Lakes.. Lakes.. Town. The city of Srinagar may be said to be surrounded with lakes and morasses," }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "f the city. On the south, close to the left bank of the Jhelam, with which it communicates by a canal, the Vetnar" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "the river of oil. It also contains numerous springs. At the southern extremity of the lake is the Dróguin sluice-gate" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "lves over the adjoining country. There is a bridge over the flood-gates, and a pathway along the causeway leading fr" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "belt of dry land which is traversed by the high road to Shupian; near to it is the Nagat Nambal, and to the west of th" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "dal-3", "historical_name": "Dal", "modern_name": "Dal", "pdf_page": 375, "pdf_viewer_page": 389, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The Dal is divided into several distinct parts; Gogribal, the first and least division to the south-east, is separated from the Bód Dal by a narrow tongue of land. The Bód Dal, or large lake, on the east side contains the little island of the Sona Lank. Towards the north end of the lake is Astawhol, the largest sheet of water in the middle of which is the Rúpa Lank, or Island of Chunars, and north of it the Tel Bal morass. South of Astawhol is the Dal Kotwal division, and to the west of the Dal Kotwal the Soderkoo or Suderkal, while the habitations and gardens surrounded by sedge and weeds in the middle and at the lower end of the lake are known by the Hindú appellation of the Dúder Pok Kar. The lake is crossed by a narrow path running along a raised causeway called the Sûttu or Suti-Chodri, said to have been constructed by a wealthy Hindú Pandit. This causeway starts from near the end of the Naid Yár bridge in Kraliyár, and crossing the lake in a north-easterly direction terminates on the south side of the village of Ishburi, close to the north end of the Nishát Bágh. It is about 3½ miles long, and its average width is 12 feet; there are nine bridges along its course, of which two are of stone and seven of wood. It is said to be in bad repair, and only fit for pedestrians. Entering Gogribal at the south-east end, and making a circuit of the lake from east to west, the Sák Suflá Bágh, a garden containing two brick bungalows belonging to a Pandit, is seen near the village of Zít Hair, and at the slope of the spur to the east of the village, at a distance of about a mile from the margin of the lake, is the Kutlun or Pari Mahal, which may be reached by a footpath from Zit Hair, which passes the Gosain Bagh, containing a small spring called the Dewi Chashma; the ascent occupies about twenty-five minutes. From Thid, a village lying at the north end of the spur, there is a better path fit for ponies, by which the ascent may be made in rather less time. The Kutlun is a collection of ruined terraces that were originally constructed by order of Akhun Mullah Shah, the tutor of the emperor Jehangir, for the purposes of a collegiate institution. A series of arched recesses are let into the facades of the terraces, and vaulted passages traverse the walls. It must have been a very large building, but is now ruined and forsaken, except by a few pigeons, or when used as a sheep-pen. From its elevation on the mountain bank it commands a fine view of the lake and surrounding country. A small stream flows at the foot of the spur on the side of the Pari Mahal, and in the gorge is the famous spring of the Chashma Shahi, which is contained in a small pleasure garden situated about a mile from the south-eastern margin of the lake. Shaikh Gulam Maihidin, the chief munshi of Nao Nehal Sing, is credited with having first built a summer-house at the Chashma Shahi; the present building was erected by the Maharajah. The grounds are arranged on the same plan as the Shalimar and Nishat Bagh; there are three terraces, a central canal, tanks, water-falls, and fountains, which are all supplied from the spring, which is situated at the southern end of the garden, and is justly esteemed for its coolness and great purity. A wooden pavilion or baradari occupies the lower end of the middle storey; it is a double-storied building with a verandah, which is enclosed by beautiful lattice-work. The canal passes under the basement story, and falls to the lower terrace in a fine cascade. The village of Thid, which lies to the north of the Kutlun spur, at some little distance from the margin of the lake, is shaded by fine trees, and contains a small spring, which rises in a basin. North-west of the village of Thid, at the end of the promontory which juts out into the lake, dividing Gogribal from the Bud Dal, is a small village called Haisthel, hid in a clump of poplar trees; it is the place where dues are levied on all the produce of the lake.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Dal Lake", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "garden", "river_or_lake", "spring", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "rkoo or Suderkal, while the habitations and gardens surrounded by sedge and weeds in the middle and at the lower end" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "arrow tongue of land. The Bód Dal, or large lake, on the east side contains the little island of the Sona Lank. To" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "passes the Gosain Bagh, containing a small spring called the Dewi Chashma; the ascent occupies about twenty-five mi" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "ay starts from near the end of the Naid Yár bridge in Kraliyár, and crossing the lake in a north-easterly direction" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "er Pok Kar. The lake is crossed by a narrow path running along a raised causeway called the Sûttu or Suti-Chodri," } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sona-lank", "historical_name": "Sona Lank", "modern_name": "Sona Lank", "pdf_page": 376, "pdf_viewer_page": 390, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The Sona Lank or golden island, is situated in the middle of the Bud Dal. It is an artificial mass of masonry, originally built by one of the Moghul emperors, in imitation, it is said, of the island which was formed in the Wular lake by Zein-ul-Abdin. It is about 40 yards square, and its sides are green, and slope gently down to the edge of the water. The centre is occupied by the foundations and part of the walls of an old square building, which, until lately, was used as the jail; it was a very secure place for this purpose, escape by swimming being impossible, owing to the reeds and other plants growing in the bed of the lake. The ruins are half concealed by mulberry trees and blackberry bushes, and the ground is completely undermined by a colony of rats.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Lake / spring / water site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Sone Lank", "no_match_score": 36, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "spring", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: Lake / spring / water site" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "Sona Lank. Sona Lank. Lake / spring / water site. The Sona Lank or golden island, is situated in the" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "plants growing in the bed of the lake. The ruins are half concealed by mulberry trees and blackberry bushes, and t" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bryn", "historical_name": "Bryn", "modern_name": "Bryn", "pdf_page": 376, "pdf_viewer_page": 390, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "Bryn is the name of the pretty village situated on the margin of the lake, at the north-east end of the Bud Dal; it belongs to the family of Khoja Mohand Shah Nakshbandi, to whose hospitalities the earlier European visitors to the valley of Kashmír were so much indebted. Vigne records that in the year 1835 there were two chunars at the village of Bryn, 170 years old; one was 5 yards 1 foot 10 inches, and the other 6 yards 2 feet 10 inches, in circumference. From this village there is a footpath over the mountains to the town of Pampûr; the journey occupies a day.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "town", "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "Bryn. Town. Bryn is the name of the pretty village situated on the margin of the lake, at the north-east end of the" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "retty village situated on the margin of the lake, at the north-east end of the Bud Dal; it belongs to the family o" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "the-nish-t-b-gh", "historical_name": "The Nishât Bâgh", "modern_name": "Nishat Bagh", "pdf_page": 377, "pdf_viewer_page": 391, "latitude": 34.125, "longitude": 74.881, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nishat_Bagh", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=34.125,74.881", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research: source describes Nishat Bagh, the garden of bliss, on the Dal Lake side; mapped to modern Nishat Bagh. Coordinates from Wikipedia; review before finalizing.", "blurb": "or garden of bliss, is a fine old pleasure garden, situated on the south-east side of Astawho!; it is generally supposed to have been made by the emperor Jehangîr after his first visit to Kashmîr. The fine poplars growing all round it, and the red and white pavilion at the edge of its lower terrace, render it very conspicuous at a great distance. It is about 600 yards long and 350 yards wide, and is surrounded by a stone and brick wall, which on the front side is 18 feet high. The garden is arranged in ten terraces, the upper three of which are much higher than the others, being from 16 to 18 feet one above the other.\n\nThere is a line of tanks along the centre of the whole garden, which are connected by a shallow channel. The tanks and canal are lined with polished stone, and contain numerous fountains, and on each side of the canal there is a grassy path about 12 feet wide, and the avenue is so contrived as to appear much larger than it really is. The water is derived from the Arrah stream; it enters the upper end of the garden, and flows down the successive terraces in cascades, formed by inclined walls of masonry, which are covered with stone slabs, and beautifully scalloped to vary the appearance of the water. Some of these cascades are very fine, being from 12 to 18 feet high.\n\nThere are two principal pavilions, one at the lower and the other at the upper end of the garden. The chunars are very numerous and very fine, and the garden produces a great quantity of the finest quinces. Ishiburi or Ishabar is the name of the village situated to the north of the Nishât Bâgh, near the end of the causeway which crosses the lake. Near it is a spring called Gufta Ganga, where a Hindû festival is held in the month of April.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nishat_Bagh", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "garden", "spring", "village" ], "primary_feature": "garden", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "garden", "quote": "The Nishât Bâgh... is a fine old pleasure garden" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "Near it is a spring called Gufta Ganga" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "Ishiburi or Ishabar is the name of the village situated to the north of the Nishât Bâgh" } ], "feature_notes": "Nishât Bâgh is a garden with a nearby spring and a village close by but not part of the garden itself.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "the-r-pa-lank-or-silver-island", "historical_name": "The Rûpa Lank or Silver Island", "modern_name": "Char Chinar / Rupa Lank", "pdf_page": 377, "pdf_viewer_page": 391, "latitude": 34.098809, "longitude": 74.8646116, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Char_Chinar", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Char+Chinar+Dal+lake/@34.098809,74.8646116,1844m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m12!1m5!3m4!2zMzTCsDA2JzAxLjQiTiA3NMKwNTEnNTguNyJF!8m2!3d34.1004!4d74.8663!3m5!1s0x38e185fb136ce6a3:0xa4ab9d7d23305918!8m2!3d34.1031694!4d74.8667037!16s%2Fg%2F124t4w7sg?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research: source says Rupa Lank/Silver Island is also Char Chunar; mapped to modern Char Chinar/Rupa Lank in Dal Lake. Coordinates from Wikipedia; review before marking final.", "blurb": "called also the Char Chunar, is situated in the middle of the Astawol division of the lake. It was likewise constructed by the Moghul emperors, and is a mass of masonry about 50 yards square, rising about 3 feet above the water; there was originally a chunar tree at each corner, hence its name, 'the Four Chunars;' but only two of these now remain. In the centre of the island is a stone platform covered with ruined blocks of masonry. Vigne records that when he visited the island there was a small square temple with marble pillars, whose roof was originally covered with silver, but which had then been long replaced by one of wood and plaster. Around it was a little garden filled with roses, stocks, marigolds, and vines. The black marble tablet which he raised in the Isle of Chunars by permission of Ranjit Singh has also disappeared. It bore the following inscription:— Three Travellers, BARON CARL VON HÜGEL, from Jamu, JOHN HENDERSON, from Ladak, GODFREY THOMAS VIGNE, from Iskardo, Who met in Srinagar on the 18th November 1835, Have caused the names of those European travellers who had previously visited the vale of Kashmîr, to be hereunder engraved.— BERNIER, 1663, FORSTER, 1786, MOORCROFT, TREBECK, and GUTHRIE, 1823, JAQUEMONT, 1831, WOLFF, 1832; Of these, three only lived to return to their native country.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Char+Chinar+Dal+lake/@34.098809,74.8646116,1844m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m12!1m5!3m4!2zMzTCsDA2JzAxLjQiTiA3NMKwNTEnNTguNyJF!8m2!3d34.1004!4d74.8663!3m5!1s0x38e185fb136ce6a3:0xa4ab9d7d23305918!8m2!3d34.1031694!4d74.8667037!16s%2Fg%2F124t4w7sg?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Lake / spring / water site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "religious_site", "garden" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "is situated in the middle of the Astawol division of the lake" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "there was a small square temple" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "Around it was a little garden filled with roses..." } ], "feature_notes": "The Silver Island is within a lake, containing a temple and a garden on it.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sh-lim-r", "historical_name": "Shálimár", "modern_name": "Shalimar", "pdf_page": 378, "pdf_viewer_page": 392, "latitude": 34.1493172, "longitude": 74.8760641, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalimar_Bagh,_Srinagar", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Shalimar+Bagh+Kashmir/@34.1493172,74.8760641,1564m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m15!1m8!3m7!1s0x38e1869c5c8f3c35:0xbcd9832b0edcf691!2sShalimar,+Srinagar!3b1!8m2!3d34.1516846!4d74.8762972!16s%2Fg%2F1vv2qmbx!3m5!1s0x38e187ce5c693ea7:0x93b67f9d3165cee4!8m2!3d34.1503641!4d74.8744474!16s%2Fg%2F11s7vl7lyz?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMi4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research confirmed prior Google candidate: source describes Shalimar garden by Dal Lake; mapped to Shalimar Bagh, Srinagar. Existing Google pin kept for precision; review before finalizing.", "blurb": "The fine old pleasure-garden called Shálimár, made by the emperor Jehangir, is situated at some little distance from the north-east side of the Astawhol division of the lake. Dr. Elmslie conjectures that the name is derived from Márat-i-Sháh Alam, which has been first shortened into Már Shála, and this inverted according to the genius of the Kashmiri language reads Shála Már, 'the habitation of the king of the world.' It is connected with the lake by an artificial canal 12 yards wide and about a mile long; on each side of this canal there are broad and green paths overshadowed by large trees; and where it joins the lake, there are blocks of masonry on both sides, which indicate the site of the old gateway; there are also the remains of a stone embankment which formerly lined the canal throughout. The Shálimár garden is about 600 yards long and 200 yards wide at the lower end, increasing to a width of about 270 yards at the upper end; it is surrounded by a brick and stone wall about 10 feet high, and is arranged in four terraces of nearly equal dimensions, lying one above another. There is a line of tanks or reservoirs along the middle of the whole length of the garden, and they are connected by a shallow canal from 9 to 14 yards wide. The tanks and the canal are lined with polished limestone resembling black marble, and they are filled with large fountains. The water is derived from a branch of the Arrah stream, which flows down from the mountains behind the garden; it enters at its upper end, and flows from each successive terrace in beautiful cascades, which are received into the reservoirs below, which likewise contain numerous fountains; after leaving the garden, it falls into the outer canal, by which it is conducted to the lake. The uppermost or fourth terrace was the private portion of the garden, where the ladies of the zenana resided, and where they disported themselves in its palmy days. It is much higher than the others, and is enclosed all round by a wall, in the lower portion of which are two gateways, reached by a lofty flight of steps on each side of the central canal. It contains in its centre a pavilion, which is raised upon a platform a little more than 3 feet high and 65 feet square; the roof is flat; it may originally have been pointed, like the Tuscan roof, but as it is now covered with thatch, its original shape cannot be determined; it is about 20 feet high, and is supported on each side by a row of six elaborately carved black marble pillars which are of polygonal shape and fluted. Judging from the comparative meanness of the building, it may be inferred that they were the spoils of some Hindú temple. It is indeed distinctly so stated by the traveller Bernier writing in the reign of Aurangzeb. Either they were brought from the neighbouring city of Srinagar, or, it may be, were floated down the Jhelam from Awantipúr. The capitals and bases appear to have been the work of a Mohamedan architect; the latter in particular are most beautifully scalloped and polished. Many of these pillars have been greatly disfigured within the last few years by the inscription of certain visitors who have adopted this easy but barbarous mode of immortalising their names. On two sides of the pavilion there is an open corridor; and in the centre a passage, on the right and left of which is a closed apartment. The pavilion is surrounded by a fine reservoir, lined with stone, which contains numerous fountains. Upon each side of the terrace, built against the wall, there is a lodge; these formed the private dwellings of the royal family. On the edge of each of the three lower terraces, there is also a small pavilion which overlooks the fountains in the tank below; each of them consists of two apartments, one on either side of the canal, over which is a covered archway uniting the two, and that of the lowest is supported by 16 black pillars, which are fluted and of polygonal shape. Numerous chunar and fruit trees are planted around, and with their shade, combined with the freshness produced by the fountains, the air is as cool as could be wished even in the hottest day. Behind the garden there is a heronry, the property of the government.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Shalimar+Bagh+Kashmir/@34.1493172,74.8760641,1564m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m15!1m8!3m7!1s0x38e1869c5c8f3c35:0xbcd9832b0edcf691!2sShalimar,+Srinagar!3b1!8m2!3d34.1516846!4d74.8762972!16s%2Fg%2F1vv2qmbx!3m5!1s0x38e187ce5c693ea7:0x93b67f9d3165cee4!8m2!3d34.1503641!4d74.8744474!16s%2Fg%2F11s7vl7lyz?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMi4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJNTyPXJyG4TgRkfbcDiuD2bw", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "garden", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "garden", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "garden", "quote": "The fine old pleasure-garden called Shálimár" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "It is connected with the lake by an artificial canal" } ], "feature_notes": "Shálimár is a garden with water features connecting it to a lake.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "arrah-river", "historical_name": "Arrah river", "modern_name": "Arrah River", "pdf_page": 379, "pdf_viewer_page": 393, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The Arrah river, which forms the principal feeder of the lake, flows in at its northern extremity through a dark and deep channel called the Tel Bal or river of oil. A small village of the same name is situated on the banks of the stream.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Arrah-Chhapra Bridge", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Arrah river. Arrah River. Village. The Arrah river, which forms the principal" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hubbak-or-rognatfpur", "historical_name": "Hubbak or Rognatfpur", "modern_name": "Hubbak Or Rognatfpur", "pdf_page": 379, "pdf_viewer_page": 393, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The village of Hubbak or Rognátpúr is situated at the north-west corner of the lake; near it are the ruins of a once splendid pleasure-ground called Saif Khán Bágh. Vigue suggests that the walled terraces rising one above the other might easily be converted into a botanical garden, for which its extent and aspect seems admirably calculated. It is now used as a jail; the huts or barracks are built upon the lower terrace, which is open all round, but protected by a guard of sepoys. A few hundred yards to the south of Hubbak, on the west side of Astawhol, lies the noble grove of chunars, planted by the emperor Akbar, and called Nasím Bágh, or 'the garden of gentle zephyrs.' There were originally 1,200 trees, but that number is considerably reduced. Those that remain, however, are in fine condition, though somewhat past their prime, and throw a most grateful shade over a fine space of greensward, extending for 800 yards by 400, on the banks of the water. The remains of surrounding walls, and a platform which appears to have been made on purpose for the reception of the trees, are everywhere to be seen. The natives say that the Nasím Bágh should be visited in the morning and the Nishát in the evening. To the south again of the Nasím Bágh, on the west side of the lake, is the village of Hazrat Bal, or 'the prophet’s hair,' so called because a single hair of Mohamed’s beard is preserved there and exhibited on every fête-day to the people. Numerous boats of various sizes are at that time ranged along the stone quay on the border of the open space intervening between the lake and the sacred edifice in which the relic is preserved. Sikhs, Hindús, and Kashmírís of both sexes, and of all ranks and ages, are there for the purpose of seeing and being seen; the Mohamedans crowd around the door from which the sacred relic is exhibited, and breathe forth their aspirations, whilst they touch the glass and press their lips and forehead against it with looks of the most extreme awe and veneration. There is also a tree near the Hazrat Bal, which is said to have been brought as a cutting from Mecca.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Poshnaar", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "fort", "village", "garden", "river_or_lake", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "ak Or Rognatfpur. Fort / historic site. The village of Hubbak or Rognátpúr is situated at the north-west corner of th" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "e splendid pleasure-ground called Saif Khán Bágh. Vigue suggests that the walled terraces rising one above the oth" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "is situated at the north-west corner of the lake; near it are the ruins of a once splendid pleasure-ground called" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "th-west corner of the lake; near it are the ruins of a once splendid pleasure-ground called Saif Khán Bágh. Vigue s" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "hazrat-bal-fairs", "historical_name": "[Hazrat Bal] fairs", "modern_name": "Hazratbal Shrine", "pdf_page": 379, "pdf_viewer_page": 393, "latitude": 34.1287754, "longitude": 74.8421604, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazratbal_Shrine", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Dargah+Hazratbal+Shrine/@34.1287754,74.8421604,1265m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e185bc7a3fbbd9:0x9b6cf66822475e36!8m2!3d34.1288866!4d74.8424915!16zL20vMGM2bnpz?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research: source section describes fairs at Hazrat Bal; mapped to Hazratbal Shrine. Coordinates from Wikipedia; review before marking final.", "blurb": "Five or six fairs are held at the Hazrat Bal in the course of the year; the principal one is on the Mairaj, or the day on which Mohamed rode to heaven upon the mule Al Borak (the thunderer). Another great fair, held about the last of August, is called the Watul Myla, or fair of the Watuls, because that tribe intermarry on that day. Every one that has time comes to the lake, the poorer classes on foot, and a succession of feasting, singing, and making is kept up for forty-eight hours, and the entertainments are enlivened by the performances of itinerant bards.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Dargah+Hazratbal+Shrine/@34.1287754,74.8421604,1265m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e185bc7a3fbbd9:0x9b6cf66822475e36!8m2!3d34.1288866!4d74.8424915!16zL20vMGM2bnpz?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "Section describes fairs at Hazrat Bal; heading reconstructed for clarity.", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "religious_site", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "Five or six fairs are held at the Hazrat Bal in the course of the year" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Every one that has time comes to the lake" } ], "feature_notes": "Hazrat Bal is a shrine where fairs occur, located by a lake.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "bat-mazar", "historical_name": "Bat-mazar", "modern_name": "Bat-Mazar", "pdf_page": 379, "pdf_viewer_page": 393, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The place where the canal enters Astawhol, the principal division of the lake, is known by the name of the Bat-mazar, which is said to signify the place, literally the shrine, where rice is eaten. The boatmen going to and coming from the lake often stop there and cook their dinners. It is remarkable in the distance from its single chunar tree, and commands a good general view of the lake and the mountains around it. The Ashi Bagh Kadal is a substantial bridge of two piers, crossing the Miphul channel, which enters the south-west corner of the Astawhol division of the lake, below the village of Hazrat Bal. Hasanabad is a fine old ruined mosque situated near the bank of the canal, at the edge of the lake to the east of the Hari Parbat. It is said to have been built by the Shiahs during the reign of Akbar, and is one of the three mosques of hewn and polished stone which were erected at Srinagar in the time of the emperors. It was demolished by the Sikh Governor Mian Singh, and the blocks of limestone carried away to form the ghat at the Basant Bagh, opposite the Sher Garhi. An interesting cemetery is attached to it, and near it, on the south, is a pretty little wooden mosque recently built by the Sunis. Further on to the south the channel is crossed by the elegant stone bridge of Naid Yar, of three Saracenic arches, built by one of the Moguls; there is a small marble slab on each side of the middle arch, bearing an inscription in Persian. Kraliyár is the name of the large village about half a mile further on; there are several ruins, and some very fine old ghats near it, and fish are said to be plentiful above the wooden bridge, which here crosses the channel. At the Dewan Kirpa Ram-ka-Bagh, near the small village of Badmarg, on the west side of the lake, about a quarter of an hour's journey from the Drogin, shawl-washing is carried on. The shawls are beaten upon large blocks of limestone, of which there are about twenty, and which are the ruins of an old building which formerly existed near the spot. The Anchar lake is situated to the north-west of the suburb of Naoshera, and stretches as far south as the Idgah, where it is called the Kashal Sar; the portion midway near the village of Atsan is known as the Atsan Nambal; the Mar canal passes through it. The Anchar can scarcely be called a lake; it is caused by the waters of the Sind overflowing the low ground to the north of the city.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "city", "fort", "religious_site", "garden", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "city", "quote": "rflowing the low ground to the north of the city." }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "ghat at the Basant Bagh, opposite the Sher Garhi. An interesting cemetery is attached to it, and near it, on the s" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "is said to signify the place, literally the shrine, where rice is eaten. The boatmen going to and coming from the la" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "lake and the mountains around it. The Ashi Bagh Kadal is a substantial bridge of two piers, crossing the Miphul c" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ar. Bat-Mazar. Village. The place where the canal enters Astawhol, the principal division of the lake, is known by" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "suchi", "historical_name": "SUCHI", "modern_name": "Suchi", "pdf_page": 380, "pdf_viewer_page": 394, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the Mozafarabad district, containing four houses shaded by trees, situated on the right bank of the Kishen Gangra, about 2 miles west of Palla.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.45, "source_longitude": 73.616667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 27'. Long. 73° 37. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "uses shaded by trees, situated on the right bank of the Kishen Gangra, about 2 miles west of Palla." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "suddi-thulli", "historical_name": "SUDDI THULLI", "modern_name": "Suddi Thulli", "pdf_page": 380, "pdf_viewer_page": 394, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A hamlet in the Tilail valley, which was so called after the founder; it is now usually known by the name of its present proprietor, 'Kuthrodi'.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.55, "source_longitude": 75.133333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 33'. Long. 75° 8'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "DI THULLI. Suddi Thulli. Gazetteer entry. A hamlet in the Tilail valley, which was so called after the founder; it i" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "li. Gazetteer entry. A hamlet in the Tilail valley, which was so called after the founder; it is now usually known b" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "suderakut", "historical_name": "SUDERAKUT", "modern_name": "Suderakut", "pdf_page": 380, "pdf_viewer_page": 394, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a migratory village, situated on the eastern shore of the Wular lake; it is only inhabited during the season of the singára, an aquatic plant, which grows in immense quantities in the Wular lake, and forms a staple article of consumption, contributing largely to the Maharajah's revenue. The natives call this village Chota Suderakút.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.35, "source_longitude": 74.7, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 21'. Long. 74° 42'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "situated on the eastern shore of the Wular lake; it is only inhabited during the season of the singára, an aquati" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "suedramman", "historical_name": "SUEDRAMMAN", "modern_name": "Suedramman", "pdf_page": 380, "pdf_viewer_page": 394, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Maru Wardwan valley, containing seven houses, situated above the right bank of the river, which is bridged between it and the village Afith, on the opposite bank. Kashmír may be reached from Suedramman by sundry footpaths lying over the intervening range of mountains, but they are described as being very rough, and only practicable at certain seasons of the year. A considerable torrent, which is crossed by a small kadal bridge, flows a few hundred yards to the north of the village, and there is also a spring.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.85, "source_longitude": 75.583333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 51'. Long. 75° 35'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "spring", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "sundry footpaths lying over the intervening range of mountains, but they are described as being very rough, and onl" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "man. Village. A village in the Maru Wardwan valley, containing seven houses, situated above the right bank of the ri" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "e north of the village, and there is also a spring." }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "erable torrent, which is crossed by a small kadal bridge, flows a few hundred yards to the north of the village, an" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sukkai", "historical_name": "SUKKAI", "modern_name": "Sukkai", "pdf_page": 381, "pdf_viewer_page": 395, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a torrent which rises in the mountains on the north side of the Gûrais valley, and flows into the Bûrzii stream, lat. 34° 39', long. 74° 56', opposite the village of Tsenial. It is fordable, and is crossed by the high road to Skardo.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.65, "source_longitude": 74.933333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 39'; long. 74° 56'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "SUKKAI. Sukkai. Village. The name of a torrent which rises in the mountains on the north side of the Gûrais vall" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "56', opposite the village of Tsenial. It is fordable, and is crossed by the high road to Skardo." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "nial. It is fordable, and is crossed by the high road to Skardo." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "suknag", "historical_name": "SUKNAG", "modern_name": "Sukhnag River", "pdf_page": 381, "pdf_viewer_page": 395, "latitude": 34.0184509, "longitude": 74.5942903, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2557112081655744348&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 candidate batch: Historical Suknag is the stream flowing from lakes east of the Pansal range between Tosa Maidan and Nurpur passes; modern Sukhnag/Sukhnag River is the same hydrological feature. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "The name of a considerable stream which flows from the numerous small lakes lying on the east side of the Pansál range, between the Tosha Maidan and Nûrpur passes. After debouching into the plain, it flows in a northerly and north-easterly direction through the Birwa and Machiháma parganas, leaving which it bends to the north-west, and is joined by the Magham stream at the village of Bailhârân, and by the Khor at Trekolabal in the Pambesar, soon after which it loses itself in the extensive morass communicating with the Wular lake. The Suknág is said to be navigable as high up as Butpûra for large boats, both bahats and dûngas, for a space of three months, during the height of the floods; small boats called shikaris can ascend the stream at almost any season. During the upper part of its course through the plain, it flows through a wide stony channel, which is usually fordable, and is crossed by numerous rough bridges; latterly it contracts between high banks, and the stream is not usually fordable when in flood. The road between Srinagar and Baramûla crosses it by a substantial kadal bridge at the village of Haritrat. The current is generally moderate. Vigne remarks that, like all the other rivers of the valley that are considered pre-eminently good on account of their freshness and power of creating an appetite, the honour of having filled the drinking-cups of the old kings of Kashmir is claimed for this stream.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2557112081655744348&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ_0b42CqW4TgRXEfz3eOvfCM", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "s small lakes lying on the east side of the Pansál range, between the Tosha Maidan and Nûrpur passes. After debouchi" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "SUKNAG. Sukhnag River. Village. The name of a considerable stream which flows from the" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "ough a wide stony channel, which is usually fordable, and is crossed by numerous rough bridges; latterly it contracts" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "is not usually fordable when in flood. The road between Srinagar and Baramûla crosses it by a substantial kadal b" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "suknis", "historical_name": "SUKNIS", "modern_name": "Suknis", "pdf_page": 381, "pdf_viewer_page": 395, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated towards the northern extremity of the Maru Wardwan valley, on the right bank of the river; it lies about 7 miles north of Basman, and is entirely surrounded by mountains, some of which are bare and snowy, others wooded with fir and birch. The village consists of a few log-huts and a masjid; all the houses are very dirty. About half a mile north of the village there is a bridge across the river; here a rapid and violent torrent, and on the other bank are a few fields in which scanty crops of the coarser grains are produced; but supplies are not obtainable. Palgâm, in the Lidar valley, may be reached from Suknis in two marches; the path lies across the mountains, and the half-way place is Sonásur Nág. (Hervey.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.983333, "source_longitude": 75.566667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 59'.\tLong. 75° 34'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "he village consists of a few log-huts and a masjid; all the houses are very dirty. About half a mile north of the vi" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the northern extremity of the Maru Wardwan valley, on the right bank of the river; it lies about 7 miles north of B" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "half a mile north of the village there is a bridge across the river; here a rapid and violent torrent, and on the ot" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "be reached from Suknis in two marches; the path lies across the mountains, and the half-way place is Sonásur Nág." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sullas", "historical_name": "SULLAS", "modern_name": "Sullas", "pdf_page": 381, "pdf_viewer_page": 395, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Kishtiwar, containing 14 houses, inhabited by Hindús, situated on the mountain top above the left bank of the Lidar Khol stream. It may be reached by a path following the course of the stream which crosses the road between Doda and the Brari-Bal pass, just north of the village of Karoti.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.216667, "source_longitude": 75.516667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 13'.\tLong. 75° 31'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ses the road between Doda and the Brari-Bal pass, just north of the village of Karoti." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "situated on the mountain top above the left bank of the Lidar Khol stream. It may be reached by a path following t" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "e Lidar Khol stream. It may be reached by a path following the course of the stream which crosses the road between" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sumbal", "historical_name": "SUMBAL", "modern_name": "Sumbal", "pdf_page": 382, "pdf_viewer_page": 396, "latitude": 34.2307049, "longitude": 74.647311, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=18371831476055953049&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Sumbal 193504. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "This village, which is the tehsil station of the Saremozapáin pargana, lies on both banks of the Jhelam abreast of the Aha Tung mountain; it is connected by a fine wooden bridge, 340 feet long and 16 feet broad, with five openings; the average depth of the water beneath being about 14 feet; on the left bank of the river there are two fine groves of chunars, one above and the other below the bridge. The mouth of the canal leading to the Manas Bal lake is on the right bank of the river, about a quarter of a mile below the village. Sumbal is identified with the ancient Jayapúra, founded by Lalitáditya’s grandson Jayapida, though all traces of the city have disappeared.\n\nIt is recorded in the Rájáh Tarangini that immediately after the transfer of the capital the god Krishna appeared in a dream to the king and admonished him to raise in the lake, near the town, a fort which should bear the name of Sridwáravati, in remembrance of the place where Krishna himself had once reigned on earth. The fort was built and the name given; but in this case the vox populi was stronger than the vox dei.\n\nThe chronicler notes that in his time every one called it the inner fort, “Abhyantara kotla”, and strangely enough, to this very day, after the lapse of 1,100 years, the village on the south-west side of Sumbal, which marks the site of this citadel, bears the name of Antar-kot. The town had not been in existence a single century when it was destroyed by Sankara Varmma (A.D. 883-901), who employed the materials in the construction of his new capital Sankarapúra, better known as Patan, or the Pass. The natives say that a fine city is buried under the river at Sumbal, the summits of temples and other buildings having been often distinctly seen.\n\nIt is narrated that this city was called Narápúr from its founder, Buz Nára, a Hindí Rajah, who lived 1,000 years before Christ, and being on the Jhelam, and near the beautiful lake, it soon became the favourite abode of the chief Brahmins, one of whom, Chandrabhána, so pleased Karkota, the serpent-god, that he gave him his sister Nila Bánu to wife. Her greatest pleasure, however, was to visit her brother, and linger for hours beneath the clear waters. It chanced that one day, the king Buz, who often visited Narápúr, beheld the charming Nila Bánu on the shore, and became desperately enamoured of her.\n\nFailing in every attempt to obtain a return of this passion, the king determined to carry her away by force, and accordingly followed her steps with two of his trusty attendants. They were just about to seize her, when her brother Karkota appeared; he hurled a huge wave on the head of the king’s servants, drew them into the lake, and stifled them.\n\nFinding that even this did not put an end to the king’s presumptuous hopes, Karkota’s rage became unbounded; he raised a storm so terrific that the king and all his subjects dwelling in Narápúr were carried away, and he and his sister, even still unsatisfied, took huge masses of rock from the Romanya mountains and hurled them on the city, causing it to fall in ruins into the Jhelam. When all was still as death, Karkota began to be rather ashamed of his anger, and gave the country to his sister and her husband Chandrabhána, after he had turned the lake where he dwelt into milk; hence the Manas Bal is also called Jamarti Saras.\n\nThe place where the serpent-god dwelt is still to be seen; it is called Amantri, and the milk-white colour distinguishes it from other points. (Moorcroft—Hügel—Vigne—Cunningham—Growse—Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=18371831476055953049&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.233333, "source_longitude": 74.683333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 14'. Long. 74° 41'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJNXukbrSf4TgRmc6nq2Pb9f4", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village", "bridge_or_ferry", "forest", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "This village, which is the tehsil station of the Saremozapáin pargana" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "it is connected by a fine wooden bridge, 340 feet long and 16 feet broad" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "there are two fine groves of chunars, one above and the other below the bridge" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "lies on both banks of the Jhelam abreast of the Aha Tung mountain" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "The mouth of the canal leading to the Manas Bal lake is on the right bank of the river" } ], "feature_notes": "Village of Sumbal on river Jhelam, with a wooden bridge and nearby lake and groves.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sunawain", "historical_name": "SUNAWAIN", "modern_name": "Sunawain", "pdf_page": 383, "pdf_viewer_page": 397, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Zainagir pargana, situated on the left bank of the Pohru, about 8 miles north-west of Sopúr. It lies to the west of the road, leading towards Shalúra. The river is usually navigable by ordinary sized boats as high as this village at all seasons of the year. Sunawain contains the ziárat of Syud Sahib and seven houses, and boasts a clump of magnificent chunar trees.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.35, "source_longitude": 74.433333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 21'.\tLong. 74° 26'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Warsun", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "seasons of the year. Sunawain contains the ziárat of Syud Sahib and seven houses, and boasts a clump of magnificent" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the Zainagir pargana, situated on the left bank of the Pohru, about 8 miles north-west of Sopúr. It lies to the w" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "h-west of Sopúr. It lies to the west of the road, leading towards Shalúra. The river is usually navigable by ordin" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sundrar", "historical_name": "SUNDRAR", "modern_name": "Sundrar", "pdf_page": 383, "pdf_viewer_page": 397, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "An ebbing and flowing spring, situated about 2 miles up the right side of a narrow defile which opens into the Bring valley towards its southern extremity; the whole country around is covered with forest. The spring is in a small basin, 8 feet deep, and about 3 or 4 yards in width; and on one side of it are some stone steps to enable the devotees to descend to the water. After the No Roz, or the new day, as the vernal equinox is termed, a little more water than usual is observable in the basin, but this again subsides. About two months after, the water ebbs and flows rapidly for a quarter of an hour three times a day—morning, noon, and evening. The great day of the Hindús is the 15th of Har (13th of June), when several thousand people of both sexes are assembled, nearly naked, around this Bethesda of the valley, and wait for the rising of the water, praying it to appear; and those who are nearest to it shaking peacock's feathers over it, as an act of enticement and veneration. When the basin perceptibly begins to fill, the immense multitude exclaim \"Sondt! e Sondt!\" (\"It appears!\" \"It appears!\") and they then fill their brazen water-vessels, drink, and perform their ablutions, and return towards their houses. Bernier, who visited this spring, gives what he supposes to be a reason for the phenomenon, and remarks upon the rounded and isolated shape of the hill. There seems little doubt that he is generally right, and that the ebbing and flowing are caused by the different degrees of heat under which the snow on the Pansál is melted at different times of the day. The Brahmins call the spring Trisandia. (Bernier—Vigne.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.533333, "source_longitude": 75.366667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 32'.\tLong. 75° 22'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Lake / spring / water site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "village", "pass", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: Lake / spring / water site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "m their ablutions, and return towards their houses. Bernier, who visited this spring, gives what he supposes to be a" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "degrees of heat under which the snow on the Pansál is melted at different times of the day. The Brahmins call the sp" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "SUNDRAR. Sundrar. Lake / spring / water site. An ebbing and flowing spring, situated about 2 mile" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sunkuja", "historical_name": "SUNKUJA", "modern_name": "Sunkuja", "pdf_page": 383, "pdf_viewer_page": 397, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Naoshera, about 8 miles south of Mirpúr, by the road to the Gatiala ferry; it is situated on the slopes above the left bank of the Jhelam. This village is held in jagir by Moza Khán, and contains about 100 houses, divided into nine mahallas or districts.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.1, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 6'.\tLong. 73 46'.\tElev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "it is situated on the slopes above the left bank of the Jhelam. This village is held in jagir by Moza Khán, and co" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "south of Mirpúr, by the road to the Gatiala ferry; it is situated on the slopes above the left bank of the Jhelam." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "hera, about 8 miles south of Mirpúr, by the road to the Gatiala ferry; it is situated on the slopes above the left" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "supersumun", "historical_name": "SUPERSUMUN", "modern_name": "Supersumun", "pdf_page": 383, "pdf_viewer_page": 397, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a pargana in the Shupian zillah of the Miráj division of Kashmir. It comprises a district lying at the foot of the hills on the left bank of the Rembiára river. The tehsíl business is transacted at Shupian, which, however, lies without its limits. The Supersumun pargana was one of the four which were added, during the Sikh occupancy of Kashmir, to those originally constituted.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "SinthanTop Daksum Kashmir", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "suran", "historical_name": "SU'RAN", "modern_name": "Suran", "pdf_page": 383, "pdf_viewer_page": 397, "latitude": 33.7338264, "longitude": 74.2105955, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poonch_River", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=12337686643874874663&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 6: Historical Suran is described as the headwater/source course of the Punch Toi/Palasta river; modern Poonch River references identify the upstream part as the Suran river. Wikipedia link added to Poonch River.", "blurb": "The name of the principal source of the Pánch Toi, or Palasta river; it takes its rise, as the Chitta-pani stream, on the western slopes of the Pansál range, between the Chitta-pani and Pir Panjál passes, and flows in a westerly and northerly direction to the Púnch valley, at the head of which it is joined by the Mandi stream, and near the town of Púnch by the Bitarh river, besides which it receives numerous other tributaries during its course.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=12337686643874874663&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ00ngG3nS4TgRJ0U-fqJEOKs", "finalized": false, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 94, "features": [ "town", "religious_site", "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "e Pansál range, between the Chitta-pani and Pir Panjál passes, and flows in a westerly and northerly direction to" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "a-pani stream, on the western slopes of the Pansál range, between the Chitta-pani and Pir Panjál passes, and flows i" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "incipal source of the Pánch Toi, or Palasta river; it takes its rise, as the Chitta-pani stream, on the western slo" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "suran-2", "historical_name": "SURAN", "modern_name": "Surankot", "pdf_page": 384, "pdf_viewer_page": 398, "latitude": 33.6397394, "longitude": 74.252783, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surankote_(town)", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Surankot+185121/@33.6397394,74.252783,3146m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e1d2f6418cd433:0x949a627ff9c58acf!8m2!3d33.6398695!4d74.2634159!16s%2Fg%2F1wn320qc?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Suran. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small village lying on the road between Bhimber and Púnch, situated on the left bank of the river of the same name, about 13 miles south-east of Púnch, and 14 miles north-west of Thanna Mandi. It contains a thanna in which a small military force is usually quartered. There is a bungalow for travellers, containing one room, situated a few hundred yards north of the village. From Súran there is a path to Gulmarg by way of Mandi; the journey is usually accomplished in four marches. Supplies are procurable. (Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Surankot+185121/@33.6397394,74.252783,3146m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e1d2f6418cd433:0x949a627ff9c58acf!8m2!3d33.6398695!4d74.2634159!16s%2Fg%2F1wn320qc?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.666667, "source_longitude": 74.283333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 40'. Long. 74° 17'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ00ngG3nS4TgRJ0U-fqJEOKs", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A small village lying on the road between Bhimber and Púnch" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "situated on the left bank of the river of the same name" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "It contains a thanna in which a small military force is usually quartered." } ], "feature_notes": "Small village on the river Suran with a police outpost; no explicit bridge named.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "surna-nala", "historical_name": "SURNA NALA", "modern_name": "Surna Nala", "pdf_page": 384, "pdf_viewer_page": 398, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a stream in the Machhipúra pargana, which joins the Dangerwari, lat. 34° 27', long. 74° 18'. The table-land between these two streams is covered with ponds, some of considerable size, and is altogether very swampy, and at the same time clothed with a dense jungle of deodar, chir, a few yews, and hawthorns. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Khooni naala", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "surphrar", "historical_name": "SURPHRAR", "modern_name": "Surphrar", "pdf_page": 384, "pdf_viewer_page": 398, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Sind valley, situated at some little distance from the left bank of the river, just below the junction of the Kishegrar, an unfordable stream which is crossed by a bridge. It is possible to reach the Tar Sar and Mar Sar lakes by following the course of this stream, but it is a matter of difficulty, as there is no regular path. Súrphrar contains the ziárat of Syud Jafir Sahib, and 15 houses inhabited by zemindars, a dúm, a múlla, and a cowherd. Near the masjid is a spring called Baba Abdúlla's spring. The staple cultivation is rice; a little corn is also grown. The Sind is usually bridged at some little distance to the west of the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.216667, "source_longitude": 75.083333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 13'. Long. 75° 5'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Yousmarg", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "spring", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "e is no regular path. Súrphrar contains the ziárat of Syud Jafir Sahib, and 15 houses inhabited by zemindars, a dúm," }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "R. Surphrar. Village. A village in the Sind valley, situated at some little distance from the left bank of the river" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "múlla, and a cowherd. Near the masjid is a spring called Baba Abdúlla's spring. The staple cultivation is rice; a l" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "an unfordable stream which is crossed by a bridge. It is possible to reach the Tar Sar and Mar Sar lakes by followi" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "atter of difficulty, as there is no regular path. Súrphrar contains the ziárat of Syud Jafir Sahib, and 15 houses" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "surs-or-tsorus", "historical_name": "SURSÚ or TSORUS", "modern_name": "Sursú Or Tsorus", "pdf_page": 384, "pdf_viewer_page": 398, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village in the Wúllar pargana, situated on the right bank of the Jhelam; including the hamlet Taki Bal, which lies at the foot of the Awanpúr Wudar, about a mile to the south-east, the total population amounts to nearly 100 families. There are some orchards and fine shady trees in the village, and much rice cultivation about it. Trál lies about 6 miles to the north-east, by an excellent path.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.883333, "source_longitude": 75.083333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 53'. Long. 75° 5'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "garden", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "unts to nearly 100 families. There are some orchards and fine shady trees in the village, and much rice cultivation ab" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "n the Wúllar pargana, situated on the right bank of the Jhelam; including the hamlet Taki Bal, which lies at the f" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "6 miles to the north-east, by an excellent path." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "suru", "historical_name": "SURU", "modern_name": "Suru", "pdf_page": 384, "pdf_viewer_page": 398, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the right bank of the Púnch Toi river, about 8 miles north of Chowmuk. It contains 16 houses, half of the inhabitants being Pahari Jats, and half Turrúnd Mohamedans; there are no Hindús. During the winter months, the river may be forded between this village and Pota on the left bank, but the water is deep.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.35, "source_longitude": 73.8, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 21'. Long. 73° 48'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Suru Valley", "no_match_score": 38, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "u. Village. A village situated on the right bank of the Púnch Toi river, about 8 miles north of Chowmuk. It contai" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "surud-b", "historical_name": "SURUDÁB", "modern_name": "Surudáb", "pdf_page": 384, "pdf_viewer_page": 398, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Tilai valley, consisting of a cluster of seven or eight houses, situated on the bare side of the hill above the right bank of the Kishe Ganga, on the road leading towards Drás. The inhabitants are zemindar including a potter.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.583333, "source_longitude": 75.116667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 35'. Long. 75° 7'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Suru Valley", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "B. Surudáb. Village. A village in the Tilai valley, consisting of a cluster of seven or eight houses, situated on th" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "e the right bank of the Kishe Ganga, on the road leading towards Drás. The inhabitants are zemindar including a po" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "sybug", "historical_name": "SYBUG", "modern_name": "Sybug", "pdf_page": 385, "pdf_viewer_page": 399, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village in the Machiháma pargana, of which it is the tehsíl station; it is divided into three mahallas, viz., Bunpúr, Malikpúr, and Astanpúr, which stand on high dry ground in the middle of the Hokarsar morass, about 6 miles west of Srinagar, on the road towards Makaháma. The village is shaded by splendid trees, and possesses some of the finest chunars in the valley; the best specimens are at the west end of the village, near the zíárat of Syad Mohamed Bokhári. The bulk of the inhabitants are shál-báfs; these now number about 150 families; formerly, it is said, there were many more. The rest of the population consists of 70 families of zemindars, 2 mullahs, 3 dums, 3 cowherds, 2 potters, 12 Pir Zadas, 5 horse-keepers, a kázi, a blacksmith, a carpenter, and 3 bunnias, of whom two are Pandits. Rice is extensively cultivated on the edges of the morass around the village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.083333, "source_longitude": 74.75, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 5'. Long. 74° 45'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "town", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "n the Machiháma pargana, of which it is the tehsíl station; it is divided into three mahallas, viz., Bunpúr, Malikpúr, and A" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "mullahs, 3 dums, 3 cowherds, 2 potters, 12 Pir Zadas, 5 horse-keepers, a kázi, a blacksmith, a carpenter, and 3" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "gh dry ground in the middle of the Hokarsar morass, about 6 miles west of Srinagar, on the road towards Makaháma. Th" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ass, about 6 miles west of Srinagar, on the road towards Makaháma. The village is shaded by splendid trees, and po" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "tai", "historical_name": "TAI", "modern_name": "Tai", "pdf_page": 385, "pdf_viewer_page": 399, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Púnch, on the slopes of the hill above the right bank of the Púnch Toi. It contains about 100 houses.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.633333, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 38'. Long. 74°. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": ", on the slopes of the hill above the right bank of the Púnch Toi. It contains about 100 houses." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "taintri", "historical_name": "TAINTRI", "modern_name": "Taintri", "pdf_page": 385, "pdf_viewer_page": 399, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A considerable village in Púnch, lying on the north side of the valley above the path, and the right bank of the Dálí Nar stream, about 20 miles north-east of Púnch. It contains 40 families, Mahomedan zemindars of the Kutwal caste. Dry crops only are grown.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.85, "source_longitude": 74.366667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 51'. Long. 74° 22'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "town", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "TAINTRI. Taintri. Village. A considerable village in Púnch, lying on the north side of the valley above the path, a" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ge in Púnch, lying on the north side of the valley above the path, and the right bank of the Dálí Nar stream, about" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "g on the north side of the valley above the path, and the right bank of the Dálí Nar stream, about 20 miles north-" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "taintrip-r", "historical_name": "TAINTRIPÚR", "modern_name": "Taintripúr", "pdf_page": 385, "pdf_viewer_page": 399, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the Bangil pargana, situated above the left bank of the torrent which flows between it and the village of Khipúr. It contains a masjid, the zíárat of Syud Arab Sahib, and three houses inhabited by zemindars. There are some shady trees in the village, and a little rice cultivation about it.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.116667, "source_longitude": 74.5, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 7'. Long. 74° 30'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Aru Valley", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "it and the village of Khipúr. It contains a masjid, the zíárat of Syud Arab Sahib, and three houses inhabited by zem" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the Bangil pargana, situated above the left bank of the torrent which flows between it and the village of Khipúr." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "taitri", "historical_name": "TAITRI", "modern_name": "Taitri", "pdf_page": 385, "pdf_viewer_page": 399, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This hamlet is situated on the slopes of the hills above the road from Púnch towards Paral, at some little distance from the right bank of the Púnch Toi river, about 4 miles west of Púnch. There are about 20 houses in the village, all the inhabitants being Mahomedans.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.75, "source_longitude": 74.133333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 45'. Long. 74° 8'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Thalori", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ral, at some little distance from the right bank of the Púnch Toi river, about 4 miles west of Púnch. There are ab" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "tuated on the slopes of the hills above the road from Púnch towards Paral, at some little distance from the right" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "takia", "historical_name": "TAKIA", "modern_name": "Takia", "pdf_page": 385, "pdf_viewer_page": 399, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This village lies on the road between Mírpúr and Kotli. It is situated in a well cultivated valley, some distance from the left bank of the Púnch Toi river. There are about 60 houses in the village, which contains two baolis and some shady trees. The inhabitants are Mahomedan zemindars.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.4, "source_longitude": 73.85, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 24'. Long. 73° 51'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Rajdhani", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Kotli. It is situated in a well cultivated valley, some distance from the left bank of the Púnch Toi river. There a" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "A. Takia. Village. This village lies on the road between Mírpúr and Kotli. It is situated in a well cultivated val" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "takia-mia-shah", "historical_name": "TAKIA MIA SHAH", "modern_name": "Takia Mia Shah", "pdf_page": 386, "pdf_viewer_page": 400, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Birwa pargana, situated on the side of the spur above the left bank of Suksnág, opposite Kanyagûnd. It is inhabited by two Pir Zadas, two zemindars, and a potter, and is considered to form part of the village of Lalpûr, which lies on the table-land above it.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": 74.6, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34°. Long. 74° 36'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "opposite Kanyagûnd. It is inhabited by two Pir Zadas, two zemindars, and a potter, and is considered to form par" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ated on the side of the spur above the left bank of Suksnág, opposite Kanyagûnd. It is inhabited by two Pir Zadas," } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "takibai", "historical_name": "TAKIBAI", "modern_name": "Takibai", "pdf_page": 386, "pdf_viewer_page": 400, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village containing nine houses, situated at the foot of the Kurala Puthur wudar, about a mile to the east of Bij Behára. There is said to be a small spring in the village, which is shaded by fine trees and surrounded by rice-fields.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.8, "source_longitude": 75.166667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 48'. Long. 75° 10'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "of Bij Behára. There is said to be a small spring in the village, which is shaded by fine trees and surrounded by r" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "takrachak", "historical_name": "TAKRACHAK", "modern_name": "Takrachak", "pdf_page": 386, "pdf_viewer_page": 400, "latitude": 33.088511, "longitude": 73.7606563, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Chak+Takhar/@33.088511,73.7606563,1617m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m15!1m8!3m7!1s0x391feb4f1ecdcb03:0xdea94eef1fe3e181!2sChak+Takhar!3b1!8m2!3d33.0869941!4d73.7632304!16s%2Fg%2F1tlw7gg5!3m5!1s0x391feb4f1ecdcb03:0xdea94eef1fe3e181!8m2!3d33.0869941!4d73.7632304!16s%2Fg%2F1tlw7gg5?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMi4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Naoshera, about 9 miles south of Mirpûr, on the eastern side of the road to the Gatiala ferry. It contains 50 families, four being fakîrs and the rest zemindars; all the inhabitants are Mohamedans. There is a masjid in the village, and the ziárat of Peri Sháh.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Chak+Takhar/@33.088511,73.7606563,1617m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m15!1m8!3m7!1s0x391feb4f1ecdcb03:0xdea94eef1fe3e181!2sChak+Takhar!3b1!8m2!3d33.0869941!4d73.7632304!16s%2Fg%2F1tlw7gg5!3m5!1s0x391feb4f1ecdcb03:0xdea94eef1fe3e181!8m2!3d33.0869941!4d73.7632304!16s%2Fg%2F1tlw7gg5?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMi4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.083333, "source_longitude": 73.8, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 5'. Long. 73° 48'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in Naoshera, about 9 miles south of Mirpûr" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "There is a masjid in the village, and the ziárat of Peri Sháh" } ], "feature_notes": "Village with mosque and ziarat shrine.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "talawari", "historical_name": "TALAWARI", "modern_name": "Talawari", "pdf_page": 386, "pdf_viewer_page": 400, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the Sháh Kakuta stream, about 5½ miles north of Hidrabad, on the road towards Uri. (Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.033333, "source_longitude": 74.116667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 2'. Long. 74° 7'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ri. Village. A village situated on the left bank of the Sháh Kakuta stream, about 5½ miles north of Hidrabad, on t" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "m, about 5½ miles north of Hidrabad, on the road towards Uri. (Ince.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "tamial", "historical_name": "TAMIAL", "modern_name": "Tamial", "pdf_page": 386, "pdf_viewer_page": 400, "latitude": 33.2605039, "longitude": 73.7615479, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Dhamyal+Masjid/@33.2605039,73.7615479,356m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x391fe700536ebfe3:0x38c77f8bffd171af!8m2!3d33.2598123!4d73.7632507!16s%2Fg%2F11mzhk16jl?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Naoshera, situated on the arid plain about 6 miles north of Mirpûr, on the road towards Chowmuk. It contains 32 houses inhabited by Mohamedan zemindars of the Jat caste. Water is very scarce in the neighbourhood of this village.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Dhamyal+Masjid/@33.2605039,73.7615479,356m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x391fe700536ebfe3:0x38c77f8bffd171af!8m2!3d33.2598123!4d73.7632507!16s%2Fg%2F11mzhk16jl?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.25, "source_longitude": 73.816667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 15'. Long. 73° 49'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in Naoshera, situated on the arid plain about 6 miles north of Mirpûr" } ], "feature_notes": "Village only; no other physical features described.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "tamman", "historical_name": "TAMMAN", "modern_name": "Tamman", "pdf_page": 386, "pdf_viewer_page": 400, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the Shahabad valley, situated above the left bank of the Sándan river, which is bridged between it and the village of Kút on the opposite bank. It lies about 4 miles south-east of Vernág, and contains 5 houses inhabited by zemindars.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.5, "source_longitude": 75.35, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 30'. Long. 75° 21'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "n. Village. A small village in the Shahabad valley, situated above the left bank of the Sándan river, which is bridg" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "tanda-pani", "historical_name": "TANDA PANI", "modern_name": "Thanda Pani", "pdf_page": 386, "pdf_viewer_page": 400, "latitude": 33.051944, "longitude": 74.4467007, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=17826264155825683532&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Thanda Pani. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village in Naoshera, situated midway on the path between Aknúr and Rajouri. Vigne remarks that he found no 'cold water,' but a green and open valley with low grassy hillocks rising in different parts of it.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=17826264155825683532&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.066667, "source_longitude": 74.533333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 4'. Long. 74° 32'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJl5kb7ktEHjkRTLxEWM2cY_c", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "found no 'cold water,' but a green and open valley with low grassy hillocks rising in different parts of it." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "village in Naoshera, situated midway on the path between Aknúr and Rajouri. Vigne remarks that he found no 'cold w" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "tanda-pani-2", "historical_name": "TANDA PANI", "modern_name": "Thanda Pani", "pdf_page": 386, "pdf_viewer_page": 400, "latitude": 33.051944, "longitude": 74.4467007, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=17826264155825683532&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Thanda Pani. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "The name of a village situated about 12 miles north of Jamú, on the road towards Riassi. The road between Jamú and Tanda Pani consists of stony water-courses and great defiles. From Tanda Pani to Riassi is a distance of 18 miles. The path is, on the whole, rugged, hilly, and in some places very steep. (Hercey.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=17826264155825683532&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.9, "source_longitude": 74.916667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 54'. Long. 74° 55'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJl5kb7ktEHjkRTLxEWM2cY_c", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "The name of a village situated about 12 miles north of Jamú" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "The road between Jamú and Tanda Pani consists of stony water-courses and great defiles" } ], "feature_notes": "Village by a road known for its defiles.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "tando", "historical_name": "TANDO", "modern_name": "Tando", "pdf_page": 386, "pdf_viewer_page": 400, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated a few miles south-east of Mozafarabad. Baron Hügel observed near this place granite in large blocks, hurled, as it were, over the trap rock.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.35, "source_longitude": 73.55, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 21'. Long. 73° 33'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "tangwara", "historical_name": "TANGWARA", "modern_name": "Tangwara", "pdf_page": 386, "pdf_viewer_page": 400, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated about a mile north of Kountra, above the road leading towards Sopûr. It is divided into two mahallas, the upper of which is inhabited by four families of Patháns and the lower by four Pandits.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.133333, "source_longitude": 74.45, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 8'. Long. 74° 27'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Tangdhar", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ed about a mile north of Kountra, above the road leading towards Sopûr. It is divided into two mahallas, the upper" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "tansa", "historical_name": "TANSA", "modern_name": "Tansa", "pdf_page": 386, "pdf_viewer_page": 400, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of the river which rises at the southern extremity of the Bring pargana; it joins the Nowbug stream, lat. 33° 35', long. 75° 24', near the village of Wyl, the united waters forming the Bring river. The road between Kashmír and Kishtwár by the Marbal pass crosses it by a bridge, just above the junction, which is thrown over a narrow channel in the rock, hollowed out apparently by the rushing waters. The stone piers on which the old bridge was built are still remaining. The masjid of Haji Daud Sahib is prettily and conspicuously situated on the hill above, and it is a place of considerable strength, which is said to have been the scene of many a battle, in the mountain feuds between the inhabitants of Kishtwár and the Kashmírís in the olden time, as being the key to the possession of the Bring pargana.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Tansa Wildlife Sanctuary", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "d bridge was built are still remaining. The masjid of Haji Daud Sahib is prettily and conspicuously situated on the" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "between Kashmír and Kishtwár by the Marbal pass crosses it by a bridge, just above the junction, which is thrown" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "TANSA. Tansa. Village. The name of the river which rises at the southern extremity of the Bring pargana; it jo" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "Kishtwár by the Marbal pass crosses it by a bridge, just above the junction, which is thrown over a narrow channel i" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "united waters forming the Bring river. The road between Kashmír and Kishtwár by the Marbal pass crosses it by a b" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "tar-sar", "historical_name": "TAR SAR", "modern_name": "Tarsar Lake", "pdf_page": 387, "pdf_viewer_page": 401, "latitude": 34.1384846, "longitude": 75.1472414, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarsar_Lake", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=4083606858349509317&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research confirmed prior Google candidate: source describes Tar Sar lake between Sind valley and Kashmir; mapped to Tarsar Lake. Existing Google pin kept for precision; review before finalizing.", "blurb": "A lake situated amid the lofty mountains lying between the Sind valley and Kashmir. It may be reached by a path from the northern end of the Trál valley, and there is also said to be a road from the Lidarwat, at the northern extremity of the Dachinpára pargana.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=4083606858349509317&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.133333, "source_longitude": 75.2, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 8'. Long. 75° 12'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Lake / spring / water site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJSZqVTfsv4jgRxXpFQs3iqzg", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 72, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "mountain", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "A lake situated amid the lofty mountains" }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "amid the lofty mountains lying between the Sind valley and Kashmir" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "there is also said to be a road from the Lidarwat, at the northern extremity of the Dachinpára pargana" } ], "feature_notes": "Lake surrounded by mountains; a road leads near it but not through a named route feature.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "tatamoula", "historical_name": "TATAMOULA", "modern_name": "Tatamoula", "pdf_page": 387, "pdf_viewer_page": 401, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated above the right bank of the Jhelam, about 16 miles south-west of Baramúla. The rocky cliffs here rise almost perpendicularly from the river to a height of 300 and 400 feet. General Cunningham remarks that, as the height of the Jhelam near Tatamoula is about 5,000 feet above the sea, the whole of Kashmir must have been submerged by the waters of the river before the wearing down of these cliffs. As Tatnamoula (Sanskrit, Tapta-mula), the \"hot spring,\" may indicate volcanic action, the immediate cause of the bursting of the lake may have been the sudden rending of the rock by an earthquake.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.15, "source_longitude": 74.2, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 9'. Long. 74° 12'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Village. A village situated above the right bank of the Jhelam, about 16 miles south-west of Baramúla. The rocky c" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "Tatnamoula (Sanskrit, Tapta-mula), the \"hot spring,\" may indicate volcanic action, the immediate cause of the bursti" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "tatapani", "historical_name": "TATAPANI", "modern_name": "Tata Pani", "pdf_page": 387, "pdf_viewer_page": 401, "latitude": 33.6109932, "longitude": 73.9410028, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatta_Pani,_Azad_Kashmir", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Tata+Pani/@33.6109932,73.9410028,1574m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e024906d1c4677:0xf60046779ffe4f6b!8m2!3d33.6118551!4d73.9462689!16s%2Fg%2F1pxy1h1qt?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Tata Pani. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village in the province of Naoshera, situated amid the hills, a few miles north-east of the town of Rajouri. Vigne states that at Tatapani, about one day's march to the eastward of Rajauri, there is a hot spring, the temperature of whose waters, in the absence of a thermometer, he estimated at 140°. It gushed from beneath a marly rock, and had a sulphurous taste, and deposited sulphur as it ran. There was another hot spring about 45 yards from it, and a cold spring between them. The natives were aware of the cleansing and purifying properties of the water, and came from far and near to bathe in it. They said that the hot water was colder in the hot weather. In a hollow, amongst the jungle-clad hills and low precipices, within a short distance of the spring, he discovered a coal bed jutting out in three different places from the bank on the path-side. The specimens of the surface coal which he brought to England were not considered very promising.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Tata+Pani/@33.6109932,73.9410028,1574m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e024906d1c4677:0xf60046779ffe4f6b!8m2!3d33.6118551!4d73.9462689!16s%2Fg%2F1pxy1h1qt?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.4, "source_longitude": 74.4, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 24'. Long. 74° 24'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJd0YcbZAk4DgRa0_-n3dGAPY", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village", "spring", "mountain", "forest" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in the province of Naoshera" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "at Tatapani... there is a hot spring" }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "In a hollow, amongst the jungle-clad hills and low precipices" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "In a hollow, amongst the jungle-clad hills" } ], "feature_notes": "Village with hot spring and nearby hills with jungle.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "tati", "historical_name": "TATI", "modern_name": "Tati", "pdf_page": 387, "pdf_viewer_page": 401, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small hamlet in the Banihál district, containing one or two huts and a baoli, situated on the hill side, high above the right bank of the stream, on the road between Banihál and Ramsú.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.366667, "source_longitude": 75.233333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 22'. Long. 75° 14'. Elev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Tati kooti", "no_match_score": 38, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "TATI. Tati. River / watercourse. A small hamlet in the Banihál district, containing one or two huts and a baoli," }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "above the right bank of the stream, on the road between Banihál and Ramsú." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "telgam", "historical_name": "TELGAM", "modern_name": "Telgam", "pdf_page": 387, "pdf_viewer_page": 401, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a very small pargana in the Kamráj division of Kashmír. The tehsil business is transacted at Sopúr.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kulgam", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "Defaulted to village because no explicit feature evidence was found." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ten-la", "historical_name": "TENÁLA", "modern_name": "Tenála", "pdf_page": 387, "pdf_viewer_page": 401, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a village in Badrawár, situated on the northern slope of the Padri pass, near where there are said to be extensive iron mines. It is inhabited by twelve families of Mohamedan blacksmiths.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.933333, "source_longitude": 75.816667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 56'. Long. 75° 49'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "situated on the northern slope of the Padri pass, near where there are said to be extensive iron mines. It is inha" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "thajan", "historical_name": "THAJAN", "modern_name": "Thajan", "pdf_page": 388, "pdf_viewer_page": 402, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Upper Drawar, situated on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, just above the junction of a considerable stream which has formed a delta and an island in the bed of the river. There are three houses in the village, one of which has a pent roof. A zampa bridge spans the Kishen Ganga between this village and Dúdniál, which lies some distance below it, on the opposite bank.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.733333, "source_longitude": 74.183333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 44'. Long. 74° 11'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "llage in Upper Drawar, situated on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, just above the junction of a considerable st" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "lage, one of which has a pent roof. A zampa bridge spans the Kishen Ganga between this village and Dúdniál, which li" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "thallar", "historical_name": "THALLAR", "modern_name": "Thallar", "pdf_page": 388, "pdf_viewer_page": 402, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A hamlet situated on the right bank of the Arpat, towards the northern extremity of the Kuthár pargana. It contains seven houses inhabited by Gújars, and is surrounded with rice cultivation. The river, which is fordable, is also crossed by a kámal bridge between this village and Tugenpúra, which lies opposite to it at the mouth of the Bud Nai valley, and is inhabited by seven families of Gújars.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.8, "source_longitude": 75.416667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 48'. Long. 75° 25'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Thalsara", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ar. Village. A hamlet situated on the right bank of the Arpat, towards the northern extremity of the Kuthár pargan" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "with rice cultivation. The river, which is fordable, is also crossed by a kámal bridge between this village and Tugen" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "thanna", "historical_name": "THANNA", "modern_name": "Thanamandi", "pdf_page": 388, "pdf_viewer_page": 402, "latitude": 33.5385814, "longitude": 74.3303172, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanamandi", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Thanamandi+185212/@33.5385814,74.3303172,6300m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e1d7b039fb9fd1:0xecbd1d100db02449!8m2!3d33.538588!4d74.3692859!16zL20vMGY2Zms4?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research: source names Thanna Mandi north of Rajouri on the route; mapped to modern Thanamandi. Coordinates from Wikipedia; review before marking final.", "blurb": "Thanna Mandi or bázár is situated about 14 miles north of Rajaoir, on the bank of the Tohi, at the mouth of the valley in which that river rises, and up which the path leads to the Rattan Pir pass; it is a square compact town, containing a large red brick serai, and forms a depot for the salt and other commodities which are brought from the Panjáb. The village of Thanna is situated on the side of another small valley, about a mile to the east. Its houses are singularly crowded together in tiers on every available spot, on the precipice which overhangs the river, and are prettily shaded by numerous walnut and mulberry trees.\n\nVigne estimated the population at 300 or 400; they were mostly Kashmiris who gained a subsistence by weaving and spinning. He observed a chinar tree which is probably no where found nearer to the plains. At 7 o'clock on the morning, on the 13th July, the mercury stood at 74° in the shade. Argillaceous slate and mica slate are very common in the intervening ranges between the primary ridges of the Himalaya that connects them and the sandstone with the plains. The abrupt precipices of the latter are here succeeded by schistose formation, and they sink into insignificance when compared with the lofty ranges at the foot of which Thanna is situated.\n\nThe dwarfish jungle disappears in favour of the lofty pine forest, and the mountains, which form the third and last ridre that intervenes between the plains and the Pir Panjál, rise directly from behind the village with an almost alpine height, and a verdure resembling that of the Pyrenees. Thanna contains a double-storied bungalow for travellers, situated on the hill-side above the right bank of the stream, overlooking the Mandi, and there is ample space for encamping in and about the place. Supplies are plentiful at ordinary times, and forage is abundant, except during the summer months, when grass in scarce.\n\nThe road leading into Kashmír by way of Púnch branches off about a mile to the north of Thanna, and bears away towards the north-west. It is generally open all the year round, and must be adopted at the beginning and end of the season, when the Pir Panjál pass is closed with snow. (Vigne—Allgood—Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Thanamandi+185212/@33.5385814,74.3303172,6300m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e1d7b039fb9fd1:0xecbd1d100db02449!8m2!3d33.538588!4d74.3692859!16zL20vMGY2Zms4?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.55, "source_longitude": 74.416667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 33'. Long. 74° 25'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Serai / rest house", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "town", "serai", "river_or_lake", "forest", "mountain", "road_or_route", "garden" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "Thanna Mandi or bázár is... a square compact town" }, { "feature": "serai", "quote": "containing a large red brick serai" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "on the bank of the Tohi" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "The dwarfish jungle disappears in favour of the lofty pine forest" }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "the mountains... rise directly from behind the village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "The road leading into Kashmír by way of Púnch branches off" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "houses... prettily shaded by numerous walnut and mulberry trees" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "He observed a chinar tree which is probably no where found nearer to the plains" } ], "feature_notes": "Town with serai, near river Tohi, forest and mountains, shaded by different trees, with a road branching nearby.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "thanot", "historical_name": "THANOT", "modern_name": "Thanot", "pdf_page": 388, "pdf_viewer_page": 402, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Kishtwár, situated on the slopes of the mountains above the left bank of the Lider Khol stream and the road between Bagú and Gay. It contains six houses inhabited by Hindús.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.216667, "source_longitude": 75.516667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 13'. Long. 75° 31'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "SinthanTop Daksum Kashmir", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the slopes of the mountains above the left bank of the Lider Khol stream and the road between Bagú and Gay. It co" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "left bank of the Lider Khol stream and the road between Bagú and Gay. It contains six houses inhabited by Hindús." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "thaobut", "historical_name": "THAOBUT", "modern_name": "Thaobut", "pdf_page": 389, "pdf_viewer_page": 403, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Gúrais, situated near the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, just below the junction of the Gagai stream, about 10 miles north of Kanzalwan. It contains a masjid, and is inhabited by four families of Mohamedan zemindars, a múlla, and a shepherd. The most convenient spot for encamping is to the north of the village, on the banks of the rivulet which supplies it with water.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.733333, "source_longitude": 74.733333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 44'. Long. 74° 44'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Taobat", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "10 miles north of Kanzalwan. It contains a masjid, and is inhabited by four families of Mohamedan zemindars, a múll" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "village in Gúrais, situated near the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, just below the junction of the Gagai stream," } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "tharra", "historical_name": "THARRA", "modern_name": "Tharra", "pdf_page": 389, "pdf_viewer_page": 403, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in Púnch, containing about 12 houses, situated on the hill-side west of Toi, at some distance from the right bank of the Púnch Toi.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.633333, "source_longitude": 73.966667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 38'. Long. 73° 58'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Garatapar Waterfall Trarkhel", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "est of Toi, at some distance from the right bank of the Púnch Toi." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "tikp-ra", "historical_name": "TIKPÚRA", "modern_name": "Tikpúra", "pdf_page": 389, "pdf_viewer_page": 403, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village containing about one hundred houses, situated on a stream at the foot of the spur at the south end of the Loláb valley. From this village there is a path, which crosses the range of hills to the south, descending upon the village of Zohlar at the north end of the Zainagir pargana; it is a very picturesque walk, occupying the whole day; a warm chalybeate spring is passed about half a mile from Tikpúra. There is also a path over the same range of mountains, leading directly to Imbersilal, which after the least rain becomes impassable for laden ponies, though the villagers state they can and do go by it. At Tikpúra the thermometer (December 5th) stood at 26° at sunrise. (Vigne—Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.466667, "source_longitude": 74.466667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 28'. Long. 74° 28'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "spring", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "village there is a path, which crosses the range of hills to the south, descending upon the village of Zohlar at t" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ing about one hundred houses, situated on a stream at the foot of the spur at the south end of the Loláb valley. Fro" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "occupying the whole day; a warm chalybeate spring is passed about half a mile from Tikpúra. There is also a path ov" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "Loláb valley. From this village there is a path, which crosses the range of hills to the south, descending upon t" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "tilail", "historical_name": "TILAIL", "modern_name": "Tilail", "pdf_page": 389, "pdf_viewer_page": 403, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a long and narrow valley lying to the north-east of Kashmir, which is traversed by the incipient Kishen Ganga. It is nowhere more than a mile in width, and is encompassed by lofty mountains which exhibit a like peculiarity to those in Kashmir, inasmuch as the slopes having a southern aspect are uniformly bare of forest, and are here clothed with grass or masses of prunus, while on the south side there is no want of timber, except towards the west end of the valley between the villages of Purana Tilail and Zergay, where the mountains are too precipitous to give footing to any vegetation, excepting here and there a few pine trees which cling to the bare face of the rock. The general appearance of the valley presents a great contrast to Kashmir, as the sylvan beauty of the 'earthly paradise' is entirely wanting, and the mountains that enclose it are not bold enough in outline to compensate by the wild grandeur of their scenery. In the upper portion of the valley the fall is considerable, and the Kishen Ganga flows a turbid and impetuous torrent which finds an exit at the western extremity through a narrow gorge which only gives passage to the river; and the main path traversing the valley, which has hitherto followed the right bank of the stream, crosses the range of mountains to the north-west into Gúrais. This path forms the high road between Gúrais and Drás, and is that by which the Tilail valley is usually entered. It may, however, be reached more directly from Kashmir by a path which ascends from Wangat to Gangabal; there are also two roads from Sonamarg in the Sind valley, the one known as the Nikka Nai road lies by the Krishan Sar and Vishun Sar lakes, the other called Barra Nai follows the course of the Raman stream. From the Tilail valley, the Shingo river and Deosai plains, and Skardo, may, it is said, be reached at certain seasons of the year by a path which ascends the Grati Nar.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.5, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 30' and 34° 35'. Long. 75° and 75° 20'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Tulail Valley", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "d the right bank of the stream, crosses the range of mountains to the north-west into Gúrais. This path forms the h" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ail. Village. The name of a long and narrow valley lying to the north-east of Kashmir, which is traversed by the inc" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ly gives passage to the river; and the main path traversing the valley, which has hitherto followed the right bank" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "til", "historical_name": "TIL", "modern_name": "Til", "pdf_page": 390, "pdf_viewer_page": 404, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The inhabitants of this valley differ somewhat in appearance from those of Kashmír, their features approaching the Mongolian type. Their dress is much the same, except that the women wear an exaggerated copy of the common red head-dress. The Dard language is universally spoken. The valley is but sparsely populated; the houses are all huddled together in the villages or ranged in a square enclosing a court-yard, in which the cattle are herded; this disposition is adopted for the sake of warmth and communication during the long and rigorous winter. The dwellings, which are frequently double-storied, are constructed of unhewn timbers dovetailed at the corners, and having the interstices plastered with mud. They have no chimneys, and are all very dirty. The villages with scarcely an exception are entirely bare of trees, and have but little vegetation of any description about them; barley, peas, tráumba, and pinga are the only products of the valley; rice is of course unknown at this elevation. The harvests are not abundant, and are scarcely in excess of the absolute requirements of the inhabitants. It is the custom to bury the grain in caches; this appears to be a remnant of the precautions which were taken during the old marauding days, but the habit is still adhered to owing to the want of proper vessels to contain the grain, and of space in the houses in which to store it. The holes are usually constructed in some dry spot near the village; they are called dis in the Dard language and nás in Kashmír. The grain is carefully wrapped in birch bark before being consigned to these receptacles; the hole is then filled in with stones, above which a layer of earth is spread. When well dried and securely packed, the grain is said to keep good for six months, but it is not usually preserved so long. The inhabitants of Tilail seem to be extremely fond of fruit, of which the only indigenous varieties are the strawberry and a few wild pears, but a great deal is imported from Skardo, principally dried mulberries of a very inferior description, and a small apricot called but sair by the Kashmírís; for these luxuries the people barter the woollen stuffs they have manufactured during the winter. The wild flowers and grasses common to the British Isles are found throughout the valley, and roses in Tilail are scarcely less abundant than those of Kashmír, exhibiting, if anything, more beautiful tints. Though extremely poor, the Tilalis pay 60 rupees (chilki) at their marriages; this sum is paid by the bridegroom to the bride's family either before or on the day of marriage. Flocks of sheep constitute their most valuable possessions; the Kashmírí butchers buy much of their meat in this valley, paying for the animals at the rate of 14 or 15 rupees (chilki) a kharwá taken at an estimation. The government tax is calculated at half the produce of the lands, which is paid either in money or in kind. Vigne states that when Tilail was subject to Ahmed Shah, the Gylfo or Rajah of Skardo, he, instead of taking a tribute of money, contented himself with receiving annually a present of a sheep and a coil of rope from each house. The government likewise levies a duty of an anna in the rupee on all articles exported from Tilail to Kashmír. The administration of justice is provided for in the following manner: Small cases are decided by the village mokaddams; more important matters are referred to the thanadar, who resides in Badgam, from whom appeal lies to the governor of Kashmir. It is said that on all suits having a pecuniary value the government levies a duty equal to one-fourth of the value in dispute.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "TIL. Til. Village. The inhabitants of this valley differ somewhat in appearance from those of Kashmír, their featur" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "timbra", "historical_name": "TIMBRA", "modern_name": "Timbra", "pdf_page": 391, "pdf_viewer_page": 405, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village on the path from Púnch to Mandi, about 8 miles east of Púnch. The houses are disposed in clusters, and there are many shady trees about the place, which is watered by a small stream. The inhabitants are all Mohamedans.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.766667, "source_longitude": 74.233333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 46'. Long. 74° 14'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "bout the place, which is watered by a small stream. The inhabitants are all Mohamedans." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "TIMBRA. Timbra. Village. A village on the path from Púnch to Mandi, about 8 miles east of Púnch. The houses are" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "timmeran", "historical_name": "TIMMERAN", "modern_name": "Timmeran", "pdf_page": 391, "pdf_viewer_page": 405, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village situated in the Bud Nai valley, which opens into the north-eastern extremity of the Kuthár pargana. It is distant about 16 miles north-east of Achibal, and lies at the foot of the ascent of the Rial Pawas pass, which is crossed by a shepherd's path leading into the Maru Wardwan valley. This village, which is held in jagír by Russúl Sháh, the harkára of the pargana, contains a masjid and four large houses, and is irrigated by a branch of the Zamkateh stream. The elevation being considerable, there is but one harvest annually, which is confined to scanty crops of Indian-corn, trumba and gunhár.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.783333, "source_longitude": 75.45, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 47'. Long. 75° 27'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "háh, the harkára of the pargana, contains a masjid and four large houses, and is irrigated by a branch of the Zamkat" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "at the foot of the ascent of the Rial Pawas pass, which is crossed by a shepherd's path leading into the Maru Ward" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ge. A small village situated in the Bud Nai valley, which opens into the north-eastern extremity of the Kuthár parga" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "awas pass, which is crossed by a shepherd's path leading into the Maru Wardwan valley. This village, which is held" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "tindali", "historical_name": "TINDALI", "modern_name": "Tindali", "pdf_page": 391, "pdf_viewer_page": 405, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, 24 koss north of Kohála, from which place it forms the third stage on the new road to Kashmír. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.3, "source_longitude": 73.583333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 18'. Long. 73° 35'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "li. Village. A village situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, 24 koss north of Kohála, from which place it forms" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "Kohála, from which place it forms the third stage on the new road to Kashmír. (Montgomerie.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "tingmol", "historical_name": "TINGMOL", "modern_name": "Tingmol", "pdf_page": 391, "pdf_viewer_page": 405, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village containing four houses, situated at the mouth of the Saogam valley, on the east side of the Kuthár pargana, just above Midepora, a large village containing fifteen houses. The inhabitants are zemindars, and rear silkworms. This latter village is surrounded by green turf and shaded by some splendid trees. It contains a spring, and the poppy is cultivated in the neighbourhood.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.75, "source_longitude": 75.383333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 45'. Long. 75° 23'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "houses, situated at the mouth of the Saogam valley, on the east side of the Kuthár pargana, just above Midepora, a l" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "haded by some splendid trees. It contains a spring, and the poppy is cultivated in the neighbourhood." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "tirbal", "historical_name": "TIRBAL", "modern_name": "Tirbal", "pdf_page": 391, "pdf_viewer_page": 405, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small hamlet in the district of Rámband, surrounded by a patch of cultivation, situated on the right bank of the Chandra Bhágá, about 5 miles west of the village of Rámband, on the high road towards Kashmír.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.25, "source_longitude": 75.233333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 15'. Long. 75° 14'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "patch of cultivation, situated on the right bank of the Chandra Bhágá, about 5 miles west of the village of Rámban" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "iles west of the village of Rámband, on the high road towards Kashmír." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "titwal-2", "historical_name": "TITWAL", "modern_name": "Teetwal", "pdf_page": 391, "pdf_viewer_page": 405, "latitude": 34.39, "longitude": 73.77, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teetwal", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=5077864974698922023&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 candidate batch: Historical Titwal village is on the Kishen Ganga near the Kazi Nag junction and Karnah road; modern Teetwal/Titwal preserves the name and border-valley setting. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, just above the junction of the Kázi Nág stream, up which lies the road leading into the Karnao valley. It is situated about midway between Mozafarabad and Shalára; to the former place the journey is rough and difficult, and impassable for laden cattle; to the latter there is an excellent path crossing the Nattishannar galli. Titwal contains a thana and a custom-house, and is inhabited by about 10 families. The rocky channel in which the Kishen Ganga flows is now spanned by a substantial kadal bridge just above the village, which is a great improvement on the scamp, which it replaced; a small toll is levied on each passenger. Below the village the river bends to the west, flowing through a narrow chasm in the precipitous mountains. The Kázi Nág stream, on the west side of the village, is not fordable, but is crossed by two bridges, one a little higher up than the other.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=5077864974698922023&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.383333, "source_longitude": 73.816667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 23'. Long. 73° 49'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJNflMA3OU4DgRJ8BTckozeEY", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 66, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "bridge_or_ferry", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village situated on the left bank of the Kishen Ganga" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "rocky channel ... is now spanned by a substantial kadal bridge just above the village" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "Kázi Nág stream ... is crossed by two bridges" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "left bank of the Kishen Ganga" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "the road leading into the Karnao valley" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "an excellent path crossing the Nattishannar galli" } ], "feature_notes": "Village with multiple bridges, rivers, and named roads/paths central to place.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "tohi", "historical_name": "TOHI", "modern_name": "Tohi", "pdf_page": 392, "pdf_viewer_page": 406, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "There are two rivers of this name, one in the province of Jamú and the other in Naoshera; both are tributaries of the Chenáb. The Jamú river rises in the high mountains forming the boundary between the north-east end of the province and Badrawár, immediately above the Hindú place of pilgrimage called Súdhi-Mahadev, 32 koss from Jamú, to the north-east of Ramnagar. It flows by Badumpúr and Chinení, the former 18 koss from Jamú, and the latter 7 koss further on, or the same distance from Súdhi-Mahadev. Its course takes it immediately below the town of Jamú, and after that, it has a further course of some 10 or 12 koss, when it empties itself into the Chenáb, lat. 32° 41', long. 74° 42', about 6 koss from Siálkot, below the village of Tuhút or Tûb, north-east of Siálkot. The Naoshera river rises in the Rattan Pansál mountains on the road from Tannah to Baramgala, about 12 koss north of Rajorí. It flows by Naoshera, and then turning off to the south-south-east passes within half a koss of the fortified town of Minaor, and 2 or 3 koss beyond, falls into the Chenáb near Kúrí, a village on the banks of the river. Some of the natives call this stream the 'Malkani Tohi,' to distinguish it from the Jamú river. Vigne says that the word 'Tohi' means 'a torrent,' which will account for so many streams being so named. (Vigne—Hervey).", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "fort", "town", "village", "religious_site", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": ". Its course takes it immediately below the town of Jamú, and after that, it has a further course of some 10 or 12" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "° 42', about 6 koss from Siálkot, below the village of Tuhút or Tûb, north-east of Siálkot. The Naoshera river rises" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "rawár, immediately above the Hindú place of pilgrimage called Súdhi-Mahadev, 32 koss from Jamú, to the north-east of Ram" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "kot. The Naoshera river rises in the Rattan Pansál mountains on the road from Tannah to Baramgala, about 12 koss nor" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "er in Naoshera; both are tributaries of the Chenáb. The Jamú river rises in the high mountains forming the boundary" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "torgalli", "historical_name": "TORGALLI", "modern_name": "Torgalli", "pdf_page": 392, "pdf_viewer_page": 406, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a pass over the range of mountains forming the water-shed between the valley of the Kishen Ganga and Khágán. It is crossed by the path between the village of Durrol, in Lower Drawar, and Batta kúnd, in Khágán, and is said to be practicable during the four summer months.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.783333, "source_longitude": 73.833333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 47'. Long. 73° 50'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "TORGALLI. Torgalli. Village. The name of a pass over the range of mountains forming the water-shed between the va" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ountains forming the water-shed between the valley of the Kishen Ganga and Khágán. It is crossed by the path between" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "shen Ganga and Khágán. It is crossed by the path between the village of Durrol, in Lower Drawar, and Batta kúnd, i" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "tosha-maid-n", "historical_name": "TOSHA MAIDÁN", "modern_name": "Tosa Maidan", "pdf_page": 392, "pdf_viewer_page": 406, "latitude": 33.91777778, "longitude": 74.49916667, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tosa_Maidan", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8657404577665133295&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 candidate batch: Historical Tosha Maidan is a grassy valley and pass on the Pansal range crossed by the Srinagar-Punch route; modern Tosa Maidan is the same meadow/pass landscape. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "A grassy valley lying on the east side of the Pansál range; it gives its name to a pass situated lat. 33° 53', long. 74° 27', which is crossed by the most direct path between Srinagar and Púnch. As its name implies, the Tosha Maidán is almost a plain, for the hills on all sides slope gently down to it, and the numerous streams which water it are divided by undulating ridges covered with luxuriant grass and wild flowers; at the lower end of the Maidán on its eastern edge are two small masonry towers of sexagonal shape, about 25 feet high, and having four tiers of loopholes. That called after Sirdár Utter Mohamed Khán, a younger brother of Dost Mohamed, crowns a knoll just above the spot where the main path from Drang emerges on to the plain; the other, known as the Kucheri Damdamma, is situated on a hillock near the other side of the valley, about a mile to the south-east; it commands the footpath which descends on the village of Tsal. The passage of the Tosha Maidán pass commences on the Kashmir side by a somewhat steep ascent of about 3 miles from the village of Drang; on reaching the plain the path is a gradual slope. The lower part of the valley is called Wattadar, and contains a few shepherds' huts, and an abundant supply of fuel within easy distance. The Tsenimarg, near the upper end of the Maidán, lies mostly above the limit of forest; the summit of the pass is called Neza; the descent on the west side is steep, lying through a narrow valley or gorge between rocky spurs. With the exception of one or two solitary huts at some distance from the top, no habitations are met with until reaching the Sultán Puthri dok, a Gujār settlement above the village of Arigam. The manifest advantages offered by the Tosha Maidan pass to an army invading Kashmír were appreciated by the Maharajah Ranjit Singh, who in 1814 attempted to carry the pass, but was defeated by Mohamed Azím Khán, the then governor of Kashmír, in person; the other column, consisting of 10,000 Sikhs, which had proceeded by the way of Nandan Sar, was likewise routed by the Patháns. The Tosha Maidan pass, lying at a great elevation, is closed by the first falls of snow, and is said not again to be practicable until the month of June; it is, however, much frequented during the summer, and the plain affords unlimited pasturage to herds of cattle and large flock of sheep.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=8657404577665133295&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.933333, "source_longitude": 74.533333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 56'. Long. 74° 32'. Elev. 10,500 feet.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJ20UUohm_4TgR7yqSMJhHJXg", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "mountain", "forest" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "a few shepherds' huts" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "gives its name to a pass" }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "on the east side of the Pansál range" }, { "feature": "forest", "quote": "fuel within easy distance" } ], "feature_notes": "Village located in valley by a mountain pass with surrounding woods.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "tragbal", "historical_name": "TRAGBAL", "modern_name": "Tragbal", "pdf_page": 393, "pdf_viewer_page": 407, "latitude": 34.2748484, "longitude": 74.7397806, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=11006823295044334708&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 5: Historical Tragbal is the tank/choki on the Bandipora-Gurez road south of the Rajdiangan/Razdan ridge; existing coordinate lies on that Bandipora-Gurez approach and is retained, with modern name normalized to Tragbal.", "blurb": "A tank and choki lying on the south side of the Rajdiangan ridge, about 10 miles north of Bandipúr, on the high road towards Gúrais and Skardo. There is said to be a footpath from this place leading directly to the village of Wampúr, in Gúrais, by the Vijji Maidan.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=11006823295044334708&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.5, "source_longitude": 74.683333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 30'. Long. 74° 41'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJNfiZrCd34TgRdLScXngXwJg", "finalized": false, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 91, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "i lying on the south side of the Rajdiangan ridge, about 10 miles north of Bandipúr, on the high road towards Gúrai" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "TRAGBAL. Tragbal. Village. A tank and choki lying on the south side of the Rajdiangan ridge, about" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "e, about 10 miles north of Bandipúr, on the high road towards Gúrais and Skardo. There is said to be a footpath from th" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "tral", "historical_name": "TRAL", "modern_name": "Tral", "pdf_page": 393, "pdf_viewer_page": 407, "latitude": 33.934218, "longitude": 75.1136721, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=5308846837105087730&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Tral 192123. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small town prettily situated on the sloping plateau at the foot of the mountains near the east side of the Wúlar pargana, of which it is the tehsil station. It lies about 6 miles north-east of the village of Tsuru, on the Jhelam, by an excellent road; and about the same distance east of Awantípúr; the first part of this road, in the neighbourhood of Awantípúr, is good, but the latter part, where it crosses the valley, lies amid the rice-fields, and is usually wet and swampy. The Bhúgmur road, communicating with the Dachinpára pargana, lies over the range of mountains to the east of the town; it is said to be a fair path, the distance to the village of Suípára being 6 koss. Trál is built at the edge of the plateau, and is divided into an upper and lower mahalla; the houses, which are ranged at different levels on the slope, are constructed of sun-dried bricks, with thatched roofs. It is shaded by fine trees, and possesses no less than 12 springs. The plateau land on the east side of the town is dry and bare, but the slopes to the west and the valley beneath is a mass of rice cultivation. The Mohamedan population is said to comprise 194 families of zemindars, including— 6 Shál-báfs. 10 Bunnias. 1 Baker. 3 Butchers. 1 Blacksmith. 4 Carpenters. 1 Múlla. 5 Syuds. 12 Attendants at the Ziárats. 6 Cowherds. 4 Sweepers. 12 Weavers. 4 Oil-sellers. 4 Gardeners. 4 Goldsmiths. 2 Washermen. 5 Potters. 2 Dyers. 5 Fakírs. 3 Dúms. 5 Surgeons and physicians.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=5308846837105087730&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.933333, "source_longitude": 75.166667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 56'. Long. 75° 10'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJOzfXGPcY4jgR8tSaJBLQrEk", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "town", "spring", "road_or_route", "garden" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "A small town" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "possesses no less than 12 springs" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "an excellent road" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "It is shaded by fine trees" } ], "feature_notes": "Small town on a plateau with many springs, roads, and shaded areas.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "trapai", "historical_name": "TRAPAI", "modern_name": "Trapai", "pdf_page": 394, "pdf_viewer_page": 408, "latitude": 33.9751792, "longitude": 74.4979866, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2205348526688086196&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 6: Historical Trapai is at the foot of Poshkar hill, north-west of Khag on the road toward Firozpur; existing Trapai candidate in the Khag/Tangmarg side of Budgam-Baramulla retained.", "blurb": "A village containing about 10 houses, situated at the foot of the Poshkar hill, about 1½ mile north-west of Kág, by the road towards Firozpúr.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=2205348526688086196&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.016667, "source_longitude": 74.566667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 1'. Long. 74° 34'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJn3yJB_a74TgRtKgs88z4mh4", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 91, "features": [ "village", "mountain" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village containing about 10 houses" }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "situated at the foot of the Poshkar hill" } ], "feature_notes": "Village at foot of a hill.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "tran", "historical_name": "TRAN", "modern_name": "Tran", "pdf_page": 394, "pdf_viewer_page": 408, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Bangil pargana, situated in the bed of the stream, rather more than a mile north-east of Firozpúr. It contains 12 houses, which are double-storied buildings, constructed of rough barked timbers, dovetailed at the corners, and having pent thatched roofs.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.066667, "source_longitude": 74.483333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 4'. Long. 74° 29'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Srinagar Kashmir", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Bangil pargana, situated in the bed of the stream, rather more than a mile north-east of Firozpúr. It contains 12 h" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "trekolabal", "historical_name": "TREKOLABAL", "modern_name": "Trekolabal", "pdf_page": 394, "pdf_viewer_page": 408, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated in the midst of the Pambarsar morass, on the left bank of the Sukánag river, to the north-east of Patan. It contains three houses, inhabited by manjus; in Gúnd Ibráhim, on the opposite bank, there are five houses.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.166667, "source_longitude": 74.633333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 10'. Long. 74° 38'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kashmir Great Lakes Trek", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "lage situated in the midst of the Pambarsar morass, on the left bank of the Sukánag river, to the north-east of Pat" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "barsar morass, on the left bank of the Sukánag river, to the north-east of Patan. It contains three houses, inha" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "tribonian", "historical_name": "TRIBONIAN", "modern_name": "Tribonian", "pdf_page": 394, "pdf_viewer_page": 408, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Karnao valley, situated on the left bank of the Shamashabari stream, which is crossed by a kánal bridge below the village. It contains six houses inhabited by Sikh Zemindars, and is shaded by fine trees.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.383333, "source_longitude": 75.866667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 23'. Long. 75° 52'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Tribonian. Village. A village in the Karnao valley, situated on the left bank of the Shamashabari stream, which is c" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "shabari stream, which is crossed by a kánal bridge below the village. It contains six houses inhabited by Sikh Zemin" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "trikota-devi", "historical_name": "TRIKOTA DEVI", "modern_name": "Trikuta", "pdf_page": 394, "pdf_viewer_page": 408, "latitude": 33.0518537, "longitude": 74.9847192, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trikuta", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Trikut+Parvat/@33.0518537,74.9847192,17743m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x391e798485925445:0xe769aa2bbd5e56ee!8m2!3d33.053971!4d74.958359!16s%2Fg%2F11vd5xhjdq?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web-researched strong candidate: Trikuta / Vaishno Devi Hills. Wikipedia identifies Trikuta as the Vaishno Devi Hills in Reasi district; source describes Trikota Devi east of Riassi with a famous pilgrimage place on its northern side.", "blurb": "A noble mountain which rises in stately grandeur, a few miles to the east of the town of Riassi, in Jamú; it is visible from a great distance from the south, divided, as its name would imply, into three peaks, which rise directly from the edge of the plain with an elevation far exceeding what is usual amongst the lower hills on the border. Baron Hügel states that a place of pilgrimage lies about half-way up its northern side, with a temple much celebrated for its beauty and sanctity. It has also a spring from which the water rises in jerks and falls into a basin; for nine months of the year this water is cold, but during December, January, and part of February it is too hot to bear touching without pain. This phenomenon may, perhaps, be explained by the fact that, so long as the snow lies on the Trikota, no water can penetrate the protected spring, which, therefore, keeps its own naturally high temperature. Trikota Devi lies 18 koss or 27 miles north of Jamú. (Vigne—Hügel.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Trikut+Parvat/@33.0518537,74.9847192,17743m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x391e798485925445:0xe769aa2bbd5e56ee!8m2!3d33.053971!4d74.958359!16s%2Fg%2F11vd5xhjdq?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUzMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.033333, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 2'. Long. 75°. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "Paragraph cuts off at bottom of page.", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "mountain", "religious_site", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "mountain", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "A noble mountain which rises in stately grandeur" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "a place of pilgrimage lies about half-way up its northern side, with a temple" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "It has also a spring from which the water rises in jerks" } ], "feature_notes": "Mountain with pilgrim temple and a spring on its side.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "troach", "historical_name": "TROACH", "modern_name": "Troach", "pdf_page": 395, "pdf_viewer_page": 409, "latitude": 33.428729, "longitude": 73.8745233, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throchi_Fort", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Throchi+Fort/@33.428729,73.8745233,789m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x391fdf909d400001:0x655928476ec2806e!8m2!3d33.428729!4d73.8770982!16s%2Fg%2F11sqj6pmxv?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village and fort in the province of Naoshera, situated about 10 miles south of Kolti, at the point of separation of the roads from that place leading towards Mirpúr and Naoshera. The fort is a large oblong structure, apparently in good preservation, having a flanking tower at each corner, and bastions at intervals along the sides. Viewed from below, it seems to be most favorably situated, commanding both the roads within rifle shot. It occupies the crest of a spur which does not seem to be entirely commanded from any point, and which rises from the valley in three tiers or shelves, having naturally scarped sides. It is said that the present garrison consists of 30 men, and that the only water-supply comes from tanks constructed within the walls. The village consists of a few houses situated on the lowermost shelf of the spur.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Throchi+Fort/@33.428729,73.8745233,789m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x391fdf909d400001:0x655928476ec2806e!8m2!3d33.428729!4d73.8770982!16s%2Fg%2F11sqj6pmxv?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.433333, "source_longitude": 73.916667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 26'. Long. 73° 55'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review", "features": [ "village", "fort" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "a small village and fort... The fort is a large oblong structure... in good preservation" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "The village consists of a few houses" } ], "feature_notes": "Fort occupying a spur with a small village at its base.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "tsanabai", "historical_name": "TSANABAI", "modern_name": "Tsanabai", "pdf_page": 395, "pdf_viewer_page": 409, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the left bank of the Suknág, about 9 miles north-west of Srinagar. It is surrounded with rice cultivation, and contains eight houses inhabited by Mahomedan zemindars of the Shíah sect.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.133333, "source_longitude": 74.683333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 8'. Long. 74° 41'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ai. Village. A village situated on the left bank of the Suknág, about 9 miles north-west of Srinagar. It is surrou" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "tsenial", "historical_name": "TSENIAL", "modern_name": "Tsenial", "pdf_page": 395, "pdf_viewer_page": 409, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Gúrias, situated at the mouth of the Pultun Nar valley, which is traversed by the high road between Gúrias and Tilai; it lies on either bank of the Lorloway stream. Some few of the houses are built on the right bank of the stream, but the greater portion of the village is situated at some little distance from the left bank. The fields descend from the village to the Búrzil, which flows beneath, and ascend the opposite bank. The river is usually bridged; but during the floods caused by the melting of the snows, the bridge is frequently carried away, in which case a detour must be made to the Kutúbat bridge, which is thrown across the rocky channel about a mile and a half above the village. Throughout the winter the river is said to be fordable. The Kashmiri name for this village is Tsuruwoon; it contains altogether 13 houses. There is ample space for encamping on the river bank below the village. On the 22nd July, at 5-30 A. M., the thermometer registered 52° in the air, and 44° immersed in the Búrzil.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.65, "source_longitude": 74.933333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 39'. Long. 74° 56'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Vale of Kashmir", "no_match_score": -3, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "as, situated at the mouth of the Pultun Nar valley, which is traversed by the high road between Gúrias and Tilai; it" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "ods caused by the melting of the snows, the bridge is frequently carried away, in which case a detour must be made t" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ultun Nar valley, which is traversed by the high road between Gúrias and Tilai; it lies on either bank of the Lorloway" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "tserpura", "historical_name": "TSERPURA", "modern_name": "Tserpura", "pdf_page": 395, "pdf_viewer_page": 409, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the east side of the Kuthár pargana, about 8 miles north-east of Achibal. It contains a masjid and the zíarat of Syud Sahib, a bunnia's shop, and seven houses inhabited by zemindars. There is a small spring in the village, and extensive rice cultivation around it. Both coolies and supplies are procurable.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.733333, "source_longitude": 75.383333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 44'. Long. 75° 23'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kashmir Weather", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "miles north-east of Achibal. It contains a masjid and the zíarat of Syud Sahib, a bunnia's shop, and seven houses i" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "es inhabited by zemindars. There is a small spring in the village, and extensive rice cultivation around it. Both co" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "tsu", "historical_name": "TSU", "modern_name": "Tsu", "pdf_page": 396, "pdf_viewer_page": 410, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the Machiháma pargana, lying about 3 miles west of Sybûg, on the south of the road from Srinagar to Makháma. It contains about six houses, and is surrounded with rice cultivation.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.083333, "source_longitude": 74.7, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 5'. Long. 74° 42'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "3 miles west of Sybûg, on the south of the road from Srinagar to Makháma. It contains about six houses, and is su" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "tujjar", "historical_name": "TUJJAR", "modern_name": "Tujjar", "pdf_page": 396, "pdf_viewer_page": 410, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village containing about 100 houses, situated at the foot of the hills on the north side of the Zainagir pargana. Three springs rise in the neighbourhood of this village, which is almost the only place throughout the pargana where rice cultivation is possible.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.383333, "source_longitude": 74.45, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 23'. Long. 74° 27'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Tujar Shareef", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "e north side of the Zainagir pargana. Three springs rise in the neighbourhood of this village, which is almost the on" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "t-lum-la-or-tulamul", "historical_name": "TÚLUMÚLA or TULAMUL", "modern_name": "Túlumúla Or Tulamul", "pdf_page": 396, "pdf_viewer_page": 410, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village and a small lake situated near the right bank of the Sind river, about 10 miles north-west of Srinagar. There is also a small island called Ráginya, where a Hindú festival is held in the month of May. (Elmúlie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.216667, "source_longitude": 74.766667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 13'. Long. 74° 46'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Tulian Valley", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Or Tulamul. Village. A village and a small lake situated near the right bank of the Sind river, about 10 miles no" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "tungdar", "historical_name": "TUNGDAR", "modern_name": "Tungdar", "pdf_page": 396, "pdf_viewer_page": 410, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Karnao valley, situated about 8 miles east of Itwal, on the road towards Kashmir. It lies on the north side of the valley, about a quarter of a mile to the north of the fort. The village is well shaded by trees, and contains two masjids and 16 houses inhabited by zemindars of the Tsak clan, two blacksmiths, and a carpenter. The ziárat of Sháh Hamadán is situated on the south side of the village, close to a large clump of young chunar trees, by the banks of a branch from the Shamsbari stream, which is crossed by a bridge. Between the village and the fort there is a line of barracks occupied by troops forming part of the garrison, who are employed in the collection of revenue.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.4, "source_longitude": 73.9, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 24'. Long. 73° 54'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Tangdhar", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "fort", "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "TUNGDAR. Tungdar. Fort / historic site. A village in the Karnao valley, situated about 8 miles east of Itwal, on th" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "clan, two blacksmiths, and a carpenter. The ziárat of Sháh Hamadán is situated on the south side of the village, clo" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "rt / historic site. A village in the Karnao valley, situated about 8 miles east of Itwal, on the road towards Kashmi" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "the Shamsbari stream, which is crossed by a bridge. Between the village and the fort there is a line of barracks occ" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ituated about 8 miles east of Itwal, on the road towards Kashmir. It lies on the north side of the valley, about a" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "tuss", "historical_name": "TUSS", "modern_name": "Tuss", "pdf_page": 396, "pdf_viewer_page": 410, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Kol Narawa valley, situated about 3 miles south-east of Hanjiúpúr; it contains 8 houses and the ziárat of Baba Nûris Sahib.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.6, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 36'. Long. 75°. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "of Hanjiúpúr; it contains 8 houses and the ziárat of Baba Nûris Sahib." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Tuss. Village. A village in the Kol Narawa valley, situated about 3 miles south-east of Hanjiúpúr; it contains 8 ho" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "tutmari-galli", "historical_name": "TUTMARI GALLI", "modern_name": "Tutmari Gali", "pdf_page": 396, "pdf_viewer_page": 410, "latitude": 34.3130556, "longitude": 73.9797222, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=12407545117279116762&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-05 candidate batch: Historical Tutmari Galli is the pass forming the south-east boundary of Karnao/Karnah and crossed by the Sopore-Karnah road; modern Tutmari Gali preserves the pass name and route setting. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "The name of the pass over the range of mountains forming the boundary of the Karnao valley to the south-east. It is crossed by the most direct road between Sopúr and Karnao, but which is much less used than the northern route by Shaldra and the Natishanar Galli; it is, however, described as being a level path, but obstructed in places by fallen trees. It is closed for four months in the year. The slopes on the Kashmir side of the Tútmarí Galli afford excellent pasturage, and are a favourite resort of the Gújars inhabiting the Karnao valley. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=12407545117279116762&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.316667, "source_longitude": 74.016667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 19'. Long. 74° 1'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Pass / route", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJ__BRqc3x4DgR2t0N0ot0MKw", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "pass", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "pass", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "pass", "quote": "The name of the pass over the range of mountains... forming the boundary of the Karnao valley" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "It is crossed by the most direct road between Sopúr and Karnao" } ], "feature_notes": "Mountain pass crossed by a direct road.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "udrana", "historical_name": "UDRANA", "modern_name": "Udrana", "pdf_page": 396, "pdf_viewer_page": 410, "latitude": 33.0513071, "longitude": 75.6403618, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Udrana+182221/@33.0513071,75.6403618,3168m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x391dabd872b2e05d:0xe07f4915d2a497e5!8m2!3d33.051308!4d75.6506615!16s%2Fg%2F12hppffy9?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 4: Historical Udrana is about 1.5 miles north-west of Badrawar/Bhaderwah; existing Udrana candidate immediately in the Bhaderwah area retained.", "blurb": "A large village situated about a mile and a half north-west of Badrawár.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Udrana+182221/@33.0513071,75.6403618,3168m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x391dabd872b2e05d:0xe07f4915d2a497e5!8m2!3d33.051308!4d75.6506615!16s%2Fg%2F12hppffy9?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": 75.75, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33°. Long. 75° 45'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJXeCyctirHTkR5Zek0hVJf-A", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 92, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A large village situated about a mile and a half north-west of Badrawár" } ], "feature_notes": "Village only, no other features described.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ulari", "historical_name": "ULARI", "modern_name": "Ulari", "pdf_page": 397, "pdf_viewer_page": 411, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a pasturage in Upper Drawar, which is watered by a stream which flows into the Kishen Ganga, at the village of Tali Lohát. It is traversed by the path between Lohát and the village of Burrowai, in Khágán.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.75, "source_longitude": 73.966667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 45' Long. 73° 58' Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "rage in Upper Drawar, which is watered by a stream which flows into the Kishen Ganga, at the village of Tali Lohát." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "llage of Tali Lohát. It is traversed by the path between Lohát and the village of Burrowai, in Khágán." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "umlar", "historical_name": "UMLAR", "modern_name": "Umlar", "pdf_page": 397, "pdf_viewer_page": 411, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village in the Wúlar pargana, situated on the north side of the Awampúr Wudar, about 4 miles south-west of Trál. It contains a masjid and 30 houses inhabited by zemindars, and is surrounded by rice cultivation. The ziarát of Syud Fakrúdín Sahib, situated on the edge of the table-land above the east side of the village, forms a conspicuous object in the landscape.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.883333, "source_longitude": 75.116667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 53' Long. 75° 7' Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "t 4 miles south-west of Trál. It contains a masjid and 30 houses inhabited by zemindars, and is surrounded by rice c" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "r", "historical_name": "ÚR", "modern_name": "Úr", "pdf_page": 397, "pdf_viewer_page": 411, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A hamlet in Upper Drawar, containing two houses inhabited by Syuds; it is situated on the hill-side, above the right bank of the stream opposite the village of Lohát. There is a path between the two villages, which crosses the stream by a bridge.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.7, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 42' Long. 74° Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "situated on the hill-side, above the right bank of the stream opposite the village of Lohát. There is a path betw" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "two villages, which crosses the stream by a bridge." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "m opposite the village of Lohát. There is a path between the two villages, which crosses the stream by a bridge." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ri", "historical_name": "ÚRI", "modern_name": "Uri", "pdf_page": 397, "pdf_viewer_page": 411, "latitude": 34.08611, "longitude": 74.03333, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uri,_Jammu_and_Kashmir", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=34.08611,74.03333", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research: source describes Uri on the left bank of the Jhelum and the Haji Pir route; mapped to modern Uri. Coordinates from Wikipedia; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A considerable village, situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, about 23 miles south-west of Baramúla, on the road towards Mari. It overlooks a beautiful amphitheatre, about one and a half mile in diameter, bounded on every side by magnificent mountains. The river Jhelam flows along its northern side, rushing tumultuously through a deep and rocky gorge, and with a roaring and hissing sound that may be heard from a long distance; east and west of the village mountain torrents empty themselves into the Jhelam. There is a small fort on the high bank of the river, and below it a suspension-bridge, communicating with the road to Mozafarabad by the right bank of the river.\n\nThis bridge is composed of four twig ropes as a footway, and two sets of three ropes on either side, to hold on by, connected with the foot-ropes by forked sticks about 3 feet long; it forms a strong suspension-bridge, and swings but little with the wind. It is renewed every year, everything belonging to the old bridge being cut adrift. Above Uri the remains of an old stone bridge across the river are visible. The road from Púnch by the Haji Pir pass debouches into the valley of the Jhelam at Uri. About half way between the village and the fort, there is a double-storied traveller's bungalow. Supplies are procurable, and there is ample space for encamping, but shade is wanting.\n\nThe district of Uri was formerly governed by a Rajah, and before the Sikh conquest of Kashmir there were three claimants to the title, Gholám Ali Khán and Surfráz Khán, who were brothers, and Sirbalan Khán, a cousin. On the approach of the Sikh army the two brothers absconded, and Mozaffer Khán, the son of Sirbalan Khán, who was then an old man, led a force under the command of Hari Sing Nalwa along a bye-path to his uncle's lurking place, and succeeded in securing Gholám Ali Khán, who was sent a prisoner to Lahore; the other brother, however, effected his escape, and was never again heard of.\n\nAs a reward for his treachery, Mozaffer Khán received the raj-ship from the Sikhs, on consideration of an annual payment of Rs. 4,000, which left the Rajah about Rs. 3,000 for himself. He had three sons, Atta Mohamed Khán, Nawáb Khán, and Jowahir Khán; the two last by the same mother, who at one time exerted her influence over the old man for the benefit of her own offspring, at the expense of Atta Mohamed Khán, who, in order to countermine her machinations, intrigued with Shaikh Imámúdín for the removal of his father, and his own immediate elevation to the raj.\n\nThis plot being discovered led to a rupture in the family, and was one of the chief reasons which induced Mozaffer Khán to join the Shaikh's party. (Vigne—Cunningham—Hervey—Lumsden—Montgomerie—Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uri,_Jammu_and_Kashmir", "source_latitude": 34.083333, "source_longitude": 74.083333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 5' Long. 74° 5' Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "The paragraph is cut off at the page end and continues on the next page.", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "village", "fort", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A considerable village" }, { "feature": "fort", "quote": "There is a small fort on the high bank of the river" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "below it a suspension-bridge" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "The road from Púnch by the Haji Pir pass debouches into the valley of the Jhelam at Uri" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "The river Jhelam flows along its northern side" } ], "feature_notes": "Village on river Jhelam with a fort and suspension bridge; road passes through.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ushkara", "historical_name": "USHKARA", "modern_name": "Ushkara", "pdf_page": 398, "pdf_viewer_page": 412, "latitude": 34.1963188, "longitude": 74.3602136, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ushkur", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=3377693966679362904&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 3: Historical Ushkara is opposite Baramulla on the Jhelum and tied to the ancient site usually rendered Ushkur/Ushkura; existing Baramulla-side candidate retained. Wikipedia link added.", "blurb": "This tiny hamlet, which is situated on the left bank of the Jhelam, immediately opposite Baramúla, marks the site of one of the earliest capitals of Kashmir, which was founded by Huviskha, one of the two great Indo-Scythian princes and brothers. The remains of a Buddhist stupa, erected at a much later period by king Lalitaditya, may still be seen here. (Growse.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=3377693966679362904&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.2, "source_longitude": 74.4, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 12'. Long. 74° 24.", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJMW3_iiyo4TgRWE3nU8T63y4", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 96, "features": [ "village", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "This tiny hamlet" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "The remains of a Buddhist stupa ... may still be seen here" } ], "feature_notes": "The entry is a small settlement (hamlet), so classified as village; presence of remains (stupa) confirms ruin/archaeological site.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "uttar", "historical_name": "UTTAR", "modern_name": "Uttar", "pdf_page": 398, "pdf_viewer_page": 412, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a pargana in the Kamráj division of Kashmír. It comprises a district lying at the foot of the mountains at the north-western extremity of the valley. The tehsil station is at Shaldrá. The Uttar pargana is much intersected with nallahs, and the surrounding hills are not wooded with such large trees as in the Loláb valley. When surveyed between the years 1856 and 1860 it contained 31 villages with 266 houses, and an estimated population of 2,660 souls. The upper part of the valley is well cultivated, the chief products being rice and barley; cucumbers are to be met with in almost every village. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Jammu and Kashmir", "no_match_score": -3, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "town", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "north-western extremity of the valley. The tehsil station is at Shaldrá. The Uttar pargana is much intersected with nallahs" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "tains at the north-western extremity of the valley. The tehsil station is at Shaldrá. The Uttar pargana is much inte" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "vedasta", "historical_name": "VEDASTA", "modern_name": "Vedasta", "pdf_page": 398, "pdf_viewer_page": 412, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name given by the Hindú priests to the Veth, Vyét, or Jhelam, the ancient Hydaspes, in its course through Kashmír. According to the Hindús of the valley, the Vedasta has four sources, or streams that go to form it, viz., the Veshnáf, the Rimiyára or Rembiára, the Lidár, and the Arapoth, which flows from the Achibal spring. (See JHELAM) (Elmslie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "spring", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "d the Arapoth, which flows from the Achibal spring. (See JHELAM) (Elmslie.)" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "ú priests to the Veth, Vyét, or Jhelam, the ancient Hydaspes, in its course through Kashmír. According to the Hindús" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "vernag", "historical_name": "VERNAG", "modern_name": "Verinag", "pdf_page": 398, "pdf_viewer_page": 412, "latitude": 33.55, "longitude": 75.25, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verinag", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=16556610924795891495&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Verinag 192212. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "The village and celebrated spring of Vernág are situated in the Shahabad pargana, at the western extremity of a jungle-covered spur which juts down into the south side of the valley, from the direction of the Banihál pass. It is distant about 3 miles from the summit of the pass, and 17 miles south-east of Islamabad. The valley has here a gentle slope, and rises sufficiently for this spot to command an extensive prospect of the whole plain of Kashmír, watered by the Jhelam, and bounded by the blue mountains beyond the Wular lake. The village covers a considerable extent of ground, and is shaded by numerous walnut trees, chunars, and poplars. The houses are of the usual form, the basements being principally constructed of rough masonry, and the upper stories almost entirely of timber; they have pent and thatched roofs. The following nine mahallas are considered to form part of Vernág: Kokgúnd, Malikpúr, Baghwanpúr, Rishpír, Gotligúnd, Kralawahr, Bunagúnd, Tsantípúra, and Gúmrán, on the right bank of the Sándran. The population is said to number about 100 families, of whom 16 are Hindús; among the inhabitants are two bakers, a milkman, a mason, two carpenters, and a blacksmith.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=16556610924795891495", "source_latitude": 33.533333, "source_longitude": 75.3, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 32' Long. 75° 18'", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJW3ZAxKn2HTkRJ4_PWOrlxOU", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "The village ... are situated in the Shahabad pargana" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "the village and celebrated spring of Vernág" } ], "feature_notes": "The entry is a village explicitly named as such plus a famous spring within it.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "ver", "historical_name": "VER", "modern_name": "Verinag", "pdf_page": 399, "pdf_viewer_page": 413, "latitude": 33.55, "longitude": 75.25, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verinag", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=33.55,75.25", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Manual web research: source text repeatedly identifies Vernag spring/village; mapped to modern Verinag. Coordinates from Wikipedia; review before marking final.", "blurb": "There are no less than seven masjids in the village, and two zíarats, both of which are dedicated to Fakír Kalandar Gofúr Sháh. With the exception of grapes, which are scarce, all the fruits which are produced in Kashmír may be obtained in Vernág in abundance. The cereals grown in the neighbourhood include rice, Indian-corn, trámbu, gunshár, kangní, chenua, and lobía (a kind of bean). Sung-i-áúlim, or fuller's earth, is found in the neighborhood. The Hakkar Nadi, the stream which descends from the Banihál pass, flows through the village, where it is joined by the stream from the famous springs.\n\nThese streams are crossed by two ancient stone bridges, of which the upper consists of a number of small pointed arches, and the lower of three rough stone piers connected by large slabs, and approached from either end by stepping stones. The Sándran, which flows at some little distance to the north-east of Vernág, is usually spanned by a temporary bridge at the Bunagúnd mahalla, but when the river is in flood, it is not unfrequently carried away. The Vernág spring rises in an octagonal stone reservoir, situated at the foot of the spur, which is covered with herbage and low brushwood.\n\nIt is one of the reputed sources of the Jhelam, and is thus referred to by the emperor Jehangír in his journal: \"The source of the river Bhat (Jhelam) lies in a fountain in Kashmír named Tírnagh, which, in the language of Hindustan signifies a snake—probably some large snake had been seen there. During the lifetime of my father (Akbar) I went twice to this fountain, which is about 20 koss from the city of Kashmír. Its form is octagonal, and the sides of it are about 20 yards in length.\" This basin, which is about 50 feet deep in the centre and 10 feet at the sides, was constructed, by order of the emperor, between the years A.D. 1619 and 1633.\n\nOf this we are informed by Persian inscriptions on the surrounding walls, though no two travellers have agreed as to their literal translation. Vigne states that over the entrance is written— \"This fountain has come from the springs of paradise;\" and on the interior wall— \"This place of unequalled beauty was raised to the skies by Jehangír Sháh Akbar Sháh; consider well.\" Its date is found in the sentence \"Palace of the fountain of Vernág.\" The concluding sentence, or 'abjat' as it denominated by the Persians, gives the date 1029 A. H.\n\nAround the basin is a causeway or walk, 6 feet broad, having a circumference of about 130 yards, on the outer edge of which are 24 small arched alcoves, about 12 feet wide and 6 deep, and sufficiently high for a tall man to stand upright in them. Above them appears a mass of substantial brick-work, now overgrown with grass, so that they no doubt formed the basement story of some edifice. The whole was formerly faced with stone, but the slabs have been removed. As a summer residence, the site was well chosen. The surrounding mountains are low, verdant, and well wooded, and are neither tame nor rugged.\n\nThe baradari, a large barn-like building, having numerous chambers, overlooks the north end of the pool, and on the west side there is an open pavilion or summer-house. The water is very cold, of a deep bluish-green tint, and swarms with sacred fish; it leaves the basin by a stone-lined channel, which passes through an archway under the baradari. This water-course, now much dilapidated, is about 11 feet wide and 3 feet deep; near its edges are the foundation and bases of arches on which it is said were the apartments of the celebrated Nur Jehan.\n\nShortly after leaving the basin, the water divides into two streams, one which, after passing under the ground, and then gushing out in two places in the form of fountains or mounds of water, re-unites with the other, forming a stream about 10 yards wide, which ultimately flows into the Sandran. The water of Vernag is not very good for drinking. On the 27th of July its temperature on the surface was 49 1/2 Fahr. at noon. The thermometer registered in the shade 75° at 5 P.M., on the 3rd June, and 55° at 6 A.M. on the 4th and 6th June, and 64° at 9 A.M. on the 12th August.\n\nThe meaning of the name Vernág is probably the fountain of the pargana of Wer, which is the old name of Shahabad, the latter being a name given after its palace was built by Nur Jehan Begum. (Moorcroft—Vigne.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verinag", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_status": "strong", "features": [ "village", "spring", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "seven masjids in the village" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "The Vernág spring rises in an octagonal stone reservoir" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "two ancient stone bridges ... of which the upper consists of a number of small pointed arches, and the lower of three rough stone piers" } ], "feature_notes": "Village with sacred spring and two stone bridges physically within the village.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "eshau", "historical_name": "ESHAU", "modern_name": "Eshau", "pdf_page": 400, "pdf_viewer_page": 414, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "This river, which is one of the sources of the Jhelam, rises in the Konsa Nag, at the foot of the Pansál range on the south-west side of Kashmír. Its tall strong torrent is suddenly seen gushing out from the foot of the last and lofty eminence that forms the dam on the western end of the lake, whose waters thus find an exit, not over, but through the rocky barrier with which it is surrounded. The river at first flows in a northerly direction, and is joined by the Chitti Nadi by its right bank, about a mile north of the shepherd's settlement of Kangwattan; and a few miles further on the Vesini flows in from the direction of the Búbíl pass. Near this place is situated the cataract of Arabal, where the Veshau has worn for itself a deep and picturesque channel in the bare rock, and its stream dashes into the plains of Kashmír in a style and with a grandeur befitting the head-waters of the \"fabulous Hydaspes,\" or its still more ancient, sacred, and modern appellation of Veshau, the river of Vishnu. Upon leaving Arabal, the waters pursue a south-easterly direction, washing for a mile or two the hills at the southern end of the valley; thence turning to the north with a generally straight course, sometimes forming a deep hollow beneath a cliff of alluvium, and in other places rattling over its shingly bed with a wide-spreading and fordable stream, which, however, in its passage through the rich loam of the plains of Kashmír, is transformed into a dull and dirty, but unfordable river, about 60 yards wide. The Veshau joins the Remibára at the village of Nowana, and the united waters find their way into the Jhelam through the Sadraniji Nala, lat. 33° 50', long. 75° 7'", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Kashmir Online", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "spring", "bridge_or_ferry", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "rises in the Konsa Nag, at the foot of the Pansál range on the south-west side of Kashmír. Its tall strong torrent" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ESHAU. Eshau. Village. This river, which is one of the sources of the Jhelam, rises in the Konsa Na" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "e sources of the Jhelam, rises in the Konsa Nag, at the foot of the Pansál range on the south-west side of Kashmí" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "r its shingly bed with a wide-spreading and fordable stream, which, however, in its passage through the rich loam of t" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "the \"fabulous Hydaspes,\" or its still more ancient, sacred, and modern appellation of Veshau, the river of Vishnu. U" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "vetarittar", "historical_name": "VETARITTAR", "modern_name": "Vetarittar", "pdf_page": 401, "pdf_viewer_page": 415, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a collection of springs in the Shahabad valley, which are considered by the natives the true source of the Jhelam. They are situated just below the road, about 200 yards beyond the village of Gūtaļgūnd, which is about a mile north-west of Vernág. The springs rise in some large pools, which are shaded by willow trees and lie close to each other; the water issuing from these pools forms a considerable stream, which flows into the Veshau, lat. 33° 41', long. 75° 9'. (Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.55, "source_longitude": 75.283333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 33'. Long. 75° 17'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "spring", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "of a collection of springs in the Shahabad valley, which are considered by the natives the true source of the Jhela" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "ittar. Village. The name of a collection of springs in the Shahabad valley, which are considered by the natives the t" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "he Jhelam. They are situated just below the road, about 200 yards beyond the village of Gūtaļgūnd, which is about" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "vethnar", "historical_name": "VETHNAR", "modern_name": "Vethnar", "pdf_page": 401, "pdf_viewer_page": 415, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a shallow lake of considerable extent, lying on the left bank of the Jhelam, about 5 miles south-east of the city of Srinagar. It communicates with the Jhelam through a narrow nala, which flows in nearly opposite the village of Shupūr. This lake is frequently called the Nāgat Nambal, from a sheet of water lying on its north-west side.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.05, "source_longitude": 74.866667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 3'. Long. 74° 52'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Jammu and Kashmir", "no_match_score": -3, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "city", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "city", "quote": "the Jhelam, about 5 miles south-east of the city of Srinagar. It communicates with the Jhelam through a narrow nal" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "AR. Vethnar. Village. The name of a shallow lake of considerable extent, lying on the left bank of the Jhelam, abo" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "vishan-sar", "historical_name": "VISHAN SAR", "modern_name": "Vishansar Lake", "pdf_page": 401, "pdf_viewer_page": 415, "latitude": 34.388119, "longitude": 75.11875, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishansar_Lake", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1771068831443434056&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-04 candidate batch: Historical Vishan Sar is the mountain lake between Tilail and the Sind valley; modern Vishansar Lake preserves the name and location. Candidate remains unfinalized for human review.", "blurb": "The name of a lake situated amid the mountains between Tilail and the Sind valley. It is a pear-shaped sheet of water lying east and west, the smaller end being towards the west. Its length is about three quarters of a mile, its maximum breadth about half a mile, and it has apparently considerable depth. It is fed by a huge glacier on the rocky mountains which descend precipitously to the water's edge on the south side of the lake. Its northern shore is formed of low grassy hills, which are strewn with grey rocks. The overflow from the Kishen Sar, which lies about half a mile to the north-west, at a higher elevation, enters the lake at its western extremity, and the stream which issues from it forms one of the principal head waters of the Raman, a tributary of the Kishen Ganga. The foot-path leading from Sonamarg, in the Sind valley, into Tilail, passes along the northern shore of the lake.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1771068831443434056", "source_latitude": 34.4, "source_longitude": 75.15, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 24'. Long. 75° 9'. Elev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJNQnDuIfR4zgRSLrz-rcZlBg", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_researched_candidate", "match_score": 72, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "mountain" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "The name of a lake ... a pear-shaped sheet of water" }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "amid the mountains ... glacier on the rocky mountains ... northern shore is formed of low grassy hills" } ], "feature_notes": "The entry is a lake with mountain terrain directly surrounding it.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "wadpura", "historical_name": "WADPU'RA", "modern_name": "Wadpura", "pdf_page": 401, "pdf_viewer_page": 415, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Machhīpīra pargana, situated on both banks of the Pohru river, just below the junction of the Dangerwari stream. It has lately been deserted by many of its inhabitants, and now contains only two houses situated on the right bank of the river, and about three on the left. The road between Sopūr and Shaldrā crosses the Pohru at this point. There is no bridge, but the river is fordable, except during floods, which are usually confined to the months of May and June, at which season a ferry boat is always available. At other times, though a broad stream, the depth does not exceed 2 feet. The current is very gentle, flowing over a gravelly bottom. On the right bank of the river there are patches of tree jungle, amid which are some chunars. This locality seems the most eligible for an encampment. On the left bank the land is open, and partly cultivated. To the north-east of the village the Pohru emerges from the Uttar valley through a narrow gap in the range of low hills, which are covered with houses, and slope gradually down to give it passage.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.433333, "source_longitude": 74.316667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 26'. Long. 74° 19'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Wadoora", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "he Uttar valley through a narrow gap in the range of low hills, which are covered with houses, and slope gradually" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "argana, situated on both banks of the Pohru river, just below the junction of the Dangerwari stream. It has lately" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "rosses the Pohru at this point. There is no bridge, but the river is fordable, except during floods, which are usual" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "the river, and about three on the left. The road between Sopūr and Shaldrā crosses the Pohru at this point. There" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "wagil", "historical_name": "WAGIL", "modern_name": "Wagil", "pdf_page": 402, "pdf_viewer_page": 416, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village in the Kruhin pargana, situated at the foot of the table-land on the left bank of the Ningil stream, about 3 miles north-east of Kountra, on the road towards Shaldira. It contains a masjid, and 10 houses inhabited by zemindars, and is surrounded with a little cultivation. On the north side of the village, by the bank of the stream, there is a strip of smooth turf with shady trees.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.15, "source_longitude": 74.45, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 9'. Long. 74° 27'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Waterfall Ganderbal", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "on the road towards Shaldira. It contains a masjid, and 10 houses inhabited by zemindars, and is surrounded with a l" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "d at the foot of the table-land on the left bank of the Ningil stream, about 3 miles north-east of Kountra, on the" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "about 3 miles north-east of Kountra, on the road towards Shaldira. It contains a masjid, and 10 houses inhabited b" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "wagor", "historical_name": "WAGOR", "modern_name": "Wagor", "pdf_page": 402, "pdf_viewer_page": 416, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Kruhin pargana, situated on the right bank of the Ningil stream, about 4 miles north-east of Kountra, on the road towards Sopūr. The village, which contains a masjid and the ziárat of Syud Ahmad Sahib Kirmani, and about 25 houses, is situated on the slope of the [unclear] just above the path. On the south side of the village there are some shady trees and smooth turf. Among the inhabitants are a blacksmith, a carpenter, a dūm, a mūlla, and a Pandit, who is the patwari.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.166667, "source_longitude": 74.466667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 10'. Long. 74° 28'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "[unclear] is uncertain due to OCR/scan quality.", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "owards Sopūr. The village, which contains a masjid and the ziárat of Syud Ahmad Sahib Kirmani, and about 25 houses," }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "n the Kruhin pargana, situated on the right bank of the Ningil stream, about 4 miles north-east of Kountra, on the" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "about 4 miles north-east of Kountra, on the road towards Sopūr. The village, which contains a masjid and the ziára" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "waghuri", "historical_name": "WAGHURI", "modern_name": "Waghuri", "pdf_page": 402, "pdf_viewer_page": 416, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Wūllar pargana, situated on high ground, on the east side of the valley, about 5 miles north of Trāl, just above the path leading towards Arphal. It contains a masjid, and is inhabited by eight families of Mohamedan zemindars, a Pirzada, and a barber. The stream which flows down through the valley is bridged between this village and Pastūni.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": 75.116667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34°. Long. 75° 7'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "path leading towards Arphal. It contains a masjid, and is inhabited by eight families of Mohamedan zemindars, a Pir" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ted on high ground, on the east side of the valley, about 5 miles north of Trāl, just above the path leading towards" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "about 5 miles north of Trāl, just above the path leading towards Arphal. It contains a masjid, and is inhabited by" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "wahtor", "historical_name": "WAHTOR", "modern_name": "Wahtor", "pdf_page": 402, "pdf_viewer_page": 416, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village situated about 7 miles south of Srinagar, on the high road towards Shupian. It is connected with the capital by a hard and level road, which is lined with trees on both sides all the way; these are chiefly poplars, and most of them were planted a few years ago by Wazir Pannu, the governor of Kashmir. There are several small streams near the village, and also some very fine chunars. Coloured woollen socks and gloves of a very superior kind are manufactured at Wahtor. (Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.966667, "source_longitude": 74.85, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 58'. Long. 74° 51'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Jammu and Kashmir", "no_match_score": -3, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "city", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "city", "quote": "d towards Shupian. It is connected with the capital by a hard and level road, which is lined with trees on both sides" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ted about 7 miles south of Srinagar, on the high road towards Shupian. It is connected with the capital by a hard and l" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "waiophra", "historical_name": "WAIOPHRA", "modern_name": "Waiophra", "pdf_page": 402, "pdf_viewer_page": 416, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the right bank of the Pohru river, about 9 miles north-west of Sopūr. It contains a masjid, and about eight houses inhabited by zemindars; among the inhabitants are two cowherds and a carpenter.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.383333, "source_longitude": 74.4, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 23'. Long. 74° 24'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Wasoora", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "9 miles north-west of Sopūr. It contains a masjid, and about eight houses inhabited by zemindars; among the inhabit" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "a. Village. A village situated on the right bank of the Pohru river, about 9 miles north-west of Sopūr. It contain" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "wangam", "historical_name": "WANGAM", "modern_name": "Wangam", "pdf_page": 403, "pdf_viewer_page": 417, "latitude": 33.7122118, "longitude": 75.2768183, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Wangam+192201/@33.7122118,75.2768183,786m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e20c76effa2645:0xb0c00e90764ce93c!8m2!3d33.712195!4d75.2792593!16s%2Fg%2F11gzrtxky?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 4: Historical Wangam is in Bring pargana east of Shahabad and south-east of Sof; existing Wangam candidate in the Achabal/Shahabad side of Anantnag retained.", "blurb": "A village in the Bring pargana, situated on high ground, in the middle of the valley, at some distance from the left bank of the river. It is distant 8 miles east of Shahabad, by the path crossing the range of hills lying between the Bring and Shahabad parganas; and 5 miles south-east of Sof. Supplies are procurable. (Allgood.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Wangam+192201/@33.7122118,75.2768183,786m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x38e20c76effa2645:0xb0c00e90764ce93c!8m2!3d33.712195!4d75.2792593!16s%2Fg%2F11gzrtxky?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDYwMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_latitude": 33.583333, "source_longitude": 75.466667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 35'. Long. 75° 28'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJRSb673YM4jgRPOlMdpAOwLA", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 92, "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village in the Bring pargana" } ], "feature_notes": "Classified as village from direct description.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "wangat", "historical_name": "WANGAT", "modern_name": "Wangat", "pdf_page": 403, "pdf_viewer_page": 417, "latitude": 34.3245676, "longitude": 74.9462061, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1221511456466026218&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "2026-06-03 manual disambiguation batch 3: Historical Wangat is the narrow glen opening into the Sind valley and associated with the Wangath/Naranag temple route; existing Wangat candidate in the Kangan/Ganderbal area retained.", "blurb": "A small hamlet in the Lar pargana, situated at the upper end of a narrow glen, which opens into the Sind valley on its north-west side, and is about 5 or 6 miles long, and not more than 500 yards wide; it is enclosed by very high mountains, and is bounded at its upper extremity by a conical snowy mountain, on each side of which is a narrow defile, traversed by a stream; by the union of these the Kanknai is formed, which passes down the valley to join the Sind. Space for encamping is available near the village, and a few supplies may be obtained. About 3 miles north of Wangat, at the head of the glen, far from all human habitations, are some ruined temples. They are situated high up on the precipitous mountain side, in the midst of dense jungle and towering pine-trees, which lend a more than religious gloom to their crumbling walls. In antiquity these ruins are supposed to rank next after those on the Takt-i-Sulaimán, at Bhaumajo, and at Pá Yech. They are in two groups, situated at a distance of a few hundred yards from each other, and consisting respectively of 6 and 11 distinct buildings. The luxuriant forest growth has overthrown and buried almost completely several of the smaller temples; on the summit of the largest a tall pine has taken root, and rises straight from the centre, in rivalry of the original finial. The architecture is of a slightly more advanced type than at Pá Yech, the most striking feature being the bold projection and lofty trefoiled arches of the lateral porches. In close proximity is a sacred spring called Nág-bal, and by it the foot-path leads up the heights of Haramúk to the mountain lake of Ganga-bal, a celebrated place of pilgrimage, where a great festival is held annually about the 20th August, which is attended by thousands of Hindús from all parts of Kashmír. By this foot-path the Tilail valley may also be reached. It is probable that the Wangat temples were erected at different times by returning pilgrims as votive offerings after successful accomplishment of the hazardous ascent. Venomous serpents are said to be numerous in this neighbourhood. (Growse—Ince—Elmslie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1221511456466026218&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.333333, "source_longitude": 74.916667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 20. Long 74° 55'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJXfgA8jV-4TgR6j66ozKu8xA", "finalized": false, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_strong", "match_score": 94, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "spring", "road_or_route", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "in lake of Ganga-bal, a celebrated place of pilgrimage, where a great festival is held annually about the 20th August, w" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "of a narrow glen, which opens into the Sind valley on its north-west side, and is about 5 or 6 miles long, and not m" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "ral porches. In close proximity is a sacred spring called Nág-bal, and by it the foot-path leads up the heights of H" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "d spring called Nág-bal, and by it the foot-path leads up the heights of Haramúk to the mountain lake of Ganga-bal" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "o their crumbling walls. In antiquity these ruins are supposed to rank next after those on the Takt-i-Sulaimán, at" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "wanpura", "historical_name": "WANPURA", "modern_name": "Wanpora", "pdf_page": 403, "pdf_viewer_page": 417, "latitude": 33.960135, "longitude": 74.8726426, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=10770332529648556738&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Wanpora 191113. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A large village in the Guráis valley, situated about 2 miles west of the fort, near the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, which is crossed by a substantial kadal bridge below the village. It is surrounded by cultivation, and is irrigated by a channel from the Gugan stream, which flows a little distance to the east of it. There is also a small spring which rises near the masjid. The population numbers about 40 families of Mohammedan zemindars. The plain called Bur Das, which stretches on the right bank of the river, to the north-west of the village, is cultivated by the inhabitants of Wanpura, and on the same bank to the north-east there is a spring called Sharim, and a few shepherds' huts, where the flocks are pastured early in spring.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=10770332529648556738&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.633333, "source_longitude": 74.85, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 38'. Long. 74° 51'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJpeI0T4CM4TgRwlqJPl_od5U", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "fort", "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "spring", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "URA. Wanpora. Fort / historic site. A large village in the Guráis valley, situated about 2 miles west of the fort, ne" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "is also a small spring which rises near the masjid. The population numbers about 40 families of Mohammedan zemindars" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "istoric site. A large village in the Guráis valley, situated about 2 miles west of the fort, near the left bank of t" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "ce to the east of it. There is also a small spring which rises near the masjid. The population numbers about 40 fami" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "en Ganga, which is crossed by a substantial kadal bridge below the village. It is surrounded by cultivation, and is" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "wardwan", "historical_name": "WARDWAN", "modern_name": "Warwan", "pdf_page": 404, "pdf_viewer_page": 418, "latitude": 33.3282004, "longitude": 75.7635336, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9451335135730519752&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Sheikhpora, inshan, 8QH7+7CM, Lower Kuleed, Kuleed, Kishtwar, 182205. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village in Maru Wardwan, situated on the east side of the valley, above the left bank of the river, about ¾ mile south of Inshin. The loftiest ridges partially covered with a fir-forest rise around it, and immediately opposite it begins the ascent of the Margan pass, leading into the Nowbug Nai and Kashmir. The narrow defile, which is traversed by the river to the south of the village, is extended for two days' march to the village of Maru, its sides are very steep, and covered with a jungle, chiefly of fir-trees. The geological formation is of gneiss and mica slate and a silicious grit. This defile is known by the names of Maru Wardwan by the Kashmīris, and Wurun-Mundi by the Lādākis. The village of Wardwan contains a masjid and five log-houses. In the neighbourhood it is usually called Mollah Wardwan, mollah in the Kashmīri language signifying the root, and this village being supposed to be the first settlement formed in the valley. (Vigne.) See also Maru Wardwan.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9451335135730519752&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 33.8, "source_longitude": 75.616667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 48'. Long. 75° 37'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ8-VEZJV1HTkRyM5iCjvjKYM", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "Lādākis. The village of Wardwan contains a masjid and five log-houses. In the neighbourhood it is usually called Mo" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "opposite it begins the ascent of the Margan pass, leading into the Nowbug Nai and Kashmir. The narrow defile, whic" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "u Wardwan, situated on the east side of the valley, above the left bank of the river, about ¾ mile south of Inshin." }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "h of the village, is extended for two days' march to the village of Maru, its sides are very steep, and covered wit" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "wardwan-2", "historical_name": "WARDWAN", "modern_name": "Warwan", "pdf_page": 404, "pdf_viewer_page": 418, "latitude": 33.3282004, "longitude": 75.7635336, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9451335135730519752&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Sheikhpora, inshan, 8QH7+7CM, Lower Kuleed, Kuleed, Kishtwar, 182205. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A large village in the Machihāma pargana, situated about 7 miles west of Srinagar, on the road towards Makahāma. It lies near the edge of the Hokar Sar moras, and is surrounded with rice cultivation; a little cotton is also grown on the high lands. There are some fine trees in the village, which contains the ziārat of Nūr Shāh Sahib, and 25 houses inhabited by zemindars, 5 shāl-bāfis, 4 Pandits, a mūlla, a Pirzada, a fakīr, a mochi, and a bunnia.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9451335135730519752&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.083333, "source_longitude": 74.733333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 5'. Long. 74° 44'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJ8-VEZJV1HTkRyM5iCjvjKYM", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "akahāma. It lies near the edge of the Hokar Sar moras, and is surrounded with rice cultivation; a little cotton i" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ated about 7 miles west of Srinagar, on the road towards Makahāma. It lies near the edge of the Hokar Sar moras, a" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "wargat", "historical_name": "WARGAT", "modern_name": "Wargat", "pdf_page": 404, "pdf_viewer_page": 418, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated in a narrow valley about 3 miles west of Magham, on the north side of the road between Shālura and Sopūr. It contains a masjid, and about six houses.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.416667, "source_longitude": 74.233333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 25'. Long. 74° 14'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "ad between Shālura and Sopūr. It contains a masjid, and about six houses." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "at. Village. A village situated in a narrow valley about 3 miles west of Magham, on the north side of the road betwe" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "es west of Magham, on the north side of the road between Shālura and Sopūr. It contains a masjid, and about six ho" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "warigam", "historical_name": "WARIGAM", "modern_name": "Warigam", "pdf_page": 404, "pdf_viewer_page": 418, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large scattered village containing about 40 houses, situated just north of the Poskhār hill, on the road between Käg and Firozpūr.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.05, "source_longitude": 74.533333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 3'. Long. 74° 32'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Warahgam", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ated just north of the Poskhār hill, on the road between Käg and Firozpūr." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "warpur", "historical_name": "WARPUR", "modern_name": "Warpur", "pdf_page": 404, "pdf_viewer_page": 418, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the sloping table-land about 2 miles south-west of Patan, by the side of the path leading towards Khipir. Including Sir it contains seven houses, and has much rice cultivation about it. On the road side just north of the village there is a clump of very fine chunar trees.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.133333, "source_longitude": 74.566667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 8'. Long. 74° 34'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Warpora", "no_match_score": 36, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "les south-west of Patan, by the side of the path leading towards Khipir. Including Sir it contains seven houses, a" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "warp-ra", "historical_name": "WARPŪRA", "modern_name": "Waripora", "pdf_page": 404, "pdf_viewer_page": 418, "latitude": 34.4223408, "longitude": 74.273961, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1313233568156235978&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Waripora 193221. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village situated near the right bank of the Pohru river, towards the south-east end of the Uttar pargana. It originally consisted of 12 houses, of which only three are standing, and these uninhabited; the people having removed to the neighbouring village of Hatmalū. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1313233568156235978&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.483333, "source_longitude": 74.316667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 29'. Long. 74° 19'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJL5ILa1Ic4TgRyjgS8fiKORI", "match_status": "review", "enrichment_status": "candidate_found", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "Village. A village situated near the right bank of the Pohru river, towards the south-east end of the Uttar parga" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "warp-ra-2", "historical_name": "WARPŪRA", "modern_name": "Waripora", "pdf_page": 404, "pdf_viewer_page": 418, "latitude": 34.4223408, "longitude": 74.273961, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1313233568156235978&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Waripora 193221. Score 70; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small village in the Machhipūra pargana, containing five houses surrounded by rice cultivation, situated in a long narrow valley just below the road between Shālūra and Sopūr. It lies about 5 miles south-east of Shālūra, and 8 miles west of Magham.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=1313233568156235978&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.45, "source_longitude": 74.233333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 27'. Long. 74° 14'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJL5ILa1Ic4TgRyjgS8fiKORI", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review_promoted", "match_score": 70, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "rice cultivation, situated in a long narrow valley just below the road between Shālūra and Sopūr. It lies about 5 mi" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ated in a long narrow valley just below the road between Shālūra and Sopūr. It lies about 5 miles south-east of Sh" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "wastarwan", "historical_name": "WASTARWAN", "modern_name": "Wastarwan", "pdf_page": 404, "pdf_viewer_page": 418, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of the highest mountain in the range which juts into the plain on the north side of the Jhelam, between the Trál valley and the Bihu pargana. It is almost entirely bare of forest, and on the south side, where it approaches the Jhelam, it is rocky and very steep. The northern spur is crossed by a path between the village of Pastúni and Pampír; that which treads to the south-east is called Multrag.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.966667, "source_longitude": 75.083333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 58'. Long. 75° 5'. Elev. 9,721 feet.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Wasturwan", "no_match_score": 36, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ge. The name of the highest mountain in the range which juts into the plain on the north side of the Jhelam, betwee" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "uts into the plain on the north side of the Jhelam, between the Trál valley and the Bihu pargana. It is almost entir" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ry steep. The northern spur is crossed by a path between the village of Pastúni and Pampír; that which treads to t" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "watlab", "historical_name": "WATLAB", "modern_name": "Watlab", "pdf_page": 405, "pdf_viewer_page": 419, "latitude": 34.3681088, "longitude": 74.5161284, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9158611335780343545&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Watlab. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A small village, situated on the bridle path which circles the northern portion of the Wular lake. It lies on the south side of the Shukarúdín hill, which may be ascended by a path from the village. Watlab is distant about 5 miles north-east of Sopúr, but the journey by boat occupies about 4 hours. (Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=9158611335780343545&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.366667, "source_longitude": 74.566667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 22'. Long. 74° 34'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJQQA-xcUN4TgR-Z4NSXzsGX8", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review_promoted", "features": [ "village", "mountain" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A small village ..." }, { "feature": "mountain", "quote": "It lies on the south side of the Shukarúdín hill" } ], "feature_notes": "Village situated on the side of a hill (mountain feature physically present).", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "watnar", "historical_name": "WATNAR", "modern_name": "Watnar", "pdf_page": 405, "pdf_viewer_page": 419, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated in a grassy valley in the range of hills between the Shahabad and Bring parganas, which is traversed by the path between Vernág and Sof. The Dumatabal spring rises by an old Hindú temple near the village; its waters join the rivulet which drains the valley.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.566667, "source_longitude": 75.316667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 34'. Long. 75° 19'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Drung Waterfall", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "pass", "river_or_lake", "spring", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "The Dumatabal spring rises by an old Hindú temple near the village; its waters join the rivulet which drains the va" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "village situated in a grassy valley in the range of hills between the Shahabad and Bring parganas, which is traver" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "ar. Village. A village situated in a grassy valley in the range of hills between the Shahabad and Bring parganas, wh" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "path between Vernág and Sof. The Dumatabal spring rises by an old Hindú temple near the village; its waters join th" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "d Bring parganas, which is traversed by the path between Vernág and Sof. The Dumatabal spring rises by an old Hind" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "watrehel", "historical_name": "WATREHEL", "modern_name": "Watrehel", "pdf_page": 405, "pdf_viewer_page": 419, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A good village, situated at the foot of some low hills, which run down to it, about 12 miles south-west of Srinagar, on the direct road towards Drang and the Tosha Maídán pass. Supplies are procurable from the adjacent villages, and water and fuel from the low hills. (Allgood.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.983333, "source_longitude": 74.7, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 59'. Long. 74° 42'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Jammu and Kashmir", "no_match_score": -3, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "ect road towards Drang and the Tosha Maídán pass. Supplies are procurable from the adjacent villages, and water an" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "out 12 miles south-west of Srinagar, on the direct road towards Drang and the Tosha Maídán pass. Supplies are procurable" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "watrus", "historical_name": "WATRUS", "modern_name": "Watrus", "pdf_page": 405, "pdf_viewer_page": 419, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A large village in the Kuthár pargana, situated about 6 miles north-east of Achibal, at the point of departure of the path leading into the Nowbág valley by the Halkar galli. Watrus extends over a considerable area, and is disposed in three clusters, that at the apex of the triangle towards the east is called Kana Maihal, or Hairi Watrus, the upper village; the southern division Raipúra, or Manzer Wutrús, the middle village; and the western division, Tsandarwaran or Bun Watrus, the lower village, and the three divisions collectively, simply Wutrús. A branch of the Arpat flows between Raipúra and Tsandarwaran. There are altogether 82 houses in the village, which are thus disposed, in Kana Maihal there is a masjid, and 7 houses inhabited by Mohamedan zemindars, 3 krimkush; in Raipúra 12 Pandits and 2 Mohamedan families; in Tsandarwaran a masjid and 7 families of Mohamedan zemindars. Rice cultivation abounds in the neighbourhood of this village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.716667, "source_longitude": 75.35, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 43'. Long. 75° 21'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Wasturwan", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "pass", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "re thus disposed, in Kana Maihal there is a masjid, and 7 houses inhabited by Mohamedan zemindars, 3 krimkush; in Ra" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "eading into the Nowbág valley by the Halkar galli. Watrus extends over a considerable area, and is disposed in thre" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "parture of the path leading into the Nowbág valley by the Halkar galli. Watrus extends over a considerable area, and" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "f Achibal, at the point of departure of the path leading into the Nowbág valley by the Halkar galli. Watrus extend" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "wazri-thal", "historical_name": "WAZRI THAL", "modern_name": "Wazri Thal", "pdf_page": 405, "pdf_viewer_page": 419, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated at the edge of the forest, on the south side of the Tilail valley, about a mile above the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, which is spanned by a kadál bridge between this village and Badagám. It is the point of departure of the paths leading from the Tilail valley into Kashmir by Wangat and by Sonamarg, in the Sind valley. A rill, said to flow from the Laihnu Nág, on the mountains to the south-west, furnishes a supply of water. Wazri Thal, or as it is frequently pronounced Wazír Thal, now contains a masjid and about eight houses, one of which is inhabited by a blacksmith. It was formerly a place of more importance, and is said to have been founded 100 years ago by Wazír Morád, a Thibetan. The houses are all built of small trunks of trees, and have shingle roofs, which are either quite flat or have a very slight slope; above the shingles is a layer of mud.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": 75.1, "source_coordinate_text": "34° 38'. Long. 75° 6'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "ently pronounced Wazír Thal, now contains a masjid and about eight houses, one of which is inhabited by a blacksmith" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "the forest, on the south side of the Tilail valley, about a mile above the left bank of the Kishen Ganga, which is s" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "e Kishen Ganga, which is spanned by a kadál bridge between this village and Badagám. It is the point of departure of" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "wyan", "historical_name": "WYAN", "modern_name": "Wyan", "pdf_page": 406, "pdf_viewer_page": 420, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Bibu pargana, situated at the foot of the south and west sides of a rocky spur about 4 miles east of Pampúr. The village is divided into two parts, and the total population amounts to 45 families of zemin­dars, 15 shál-báfs, a krimkush, a Pandit, mochi, potter, blacksmith, dúm, two bakers, two cowherds, a shepherd, a dyer, and a bunnia. A small stream flows through the village, which also contains some wells and three mineral springs, and one of fresh water. The mineral springs are called Phúk Nág, and the strong sulphurous odour serves as a guide to their situation, which is behind the village. The water issues from the base of the southern side of the spur in three places, which are within a few feet of each other; it flows into a small canal which is lined with stone, and contains small fishes. The canal conveys it into the enclosure of the zíárat of Syud Mahmúd, an old wooden building, which is about 30 yards distant. The fresh spring is called the Kálish Nág, and it issues from the western side of the same spur, about 60 yards beyond the uppermost of the three mineral springs. The water is received into a stone reservoir, which also contains fish. The stream from this reservoir flows southwards, receiving that of the mineral springs as it issues from beneath the western wall of the old zíárat. The mineral springs are highly impregnated with iron and sulphur, which are derived from the iron pyrites which abounds in the adjoining moun­tains. Their medicinal virtues are doubtless very great, and they may be strongly recommended both for drinking and bathing, especially in cases of chronic rheumatism, obstinate skin diseases, and general debility from fevers, bowel complaints, and affections of the liver. An orchard in the vicinity of the springs offers a convenient situation for encamping. (Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.016667, "source_longitude": 75.016667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 1'. Long. 75° 1'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "garden", "river_or_lake", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "garden", "quote": "complaints, and affections of the liver. An orchard in the vicinity of the springs offers a convenient situation for" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": ", a shepherd, a dyer, and a bunnia. A small stream flows through the village, which also contains some wells and thr" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "also contains some wells and three mineral springs, and one of fresh water. The mineral springs are called Phúk Nág," } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "wishni-wuj", "historical_name": "WISHNI WUJ", "modern_name": "Wishni Wuj", "pdf_page": 406, "pdf_viewer_page": 420, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name given to part of the valley traversed by the Bhat Khol stream to the north-east of Maru Wardwan, on the path towards Súri. It lies opposite the confluence of the Drobagá stream, a little to the west of the ruins of an old fort called Hunpet. The name of Wishni Wúj, which means the 'warm fields,' is said to have been given to this place on account of its having once been cultivated.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.066667, "source_longitude": 75.666667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 4'. Long. 75° 40'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Fort / historic site", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "fort", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "fort", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "fort", "quote": "admin_status: Fort / historic site" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "istoric site. The name given to part of the valley traversed by the Bhat Khol stream to the north-east of Maru Wardw" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "m to the north-east of Maru Wardwan, on the path towards Súri. It lies opposite the confluence of the Drobagá stre" }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": "Drobagá stream, a little to the west of the ruins of an old fort called Hunpet. The name of Wishni Wúj, which means" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "wottu", "historical_name": "WOTTU", "modern_name": "Wottu", "pdf_page": 406, "pdf_viewer_page": 420, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated about 5 miles south-east of Sedau; it is to be remarked only as having given its name to a way over the Pansal, which commences from it and joins the Sedau path. (Vigne.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.65, "source_longitude": 74.866667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 39'. Long. 74° 52'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Watan-e-Kashmir Holidays - Best Tour & Travel deals in Kashmir, Family & Budget Trips", "no_match_score": -47, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "as having given its name to a way over the Pansal, which commences from it and joins the Sedau path. (Vigne.)" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "which commences from it and joins the Sedau path. (Vigne.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "wuj", "historical_name": "WUJ", "modern_name": "Wuj", "pdf_page": 406, "pdf_viewer_page": 420, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a river in the province of Jamú, which rises in the mountains north of Belaor, and flowing in a southerly direction through the district of Jasrota, empties itself into the Rávi. (Vigne.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Jammu and Kashmir", "no_match_score": -3, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "wular", "historical_name": "WULAR", "modern_name": "Wular Lake", "pdf_page": 406, "pdf_viewer_page": 420, "latitude": 34.36955556, "longitude": 74.55926111, "wikipedia_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wular_Lake", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=12964731175847651281&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Wular Lake. Score 72; review before marking final.", "blurb": "This lake being the largest in Kashmir has received the name of rájah, or prince, by way of pre-eminence. It is situated towards the north end of the valley of Kashmir, at a distance of about 21 miles north-west of the city of Srinagar, the journey by boat occupying about 10 hours. It is of an elliptical form. Its extreme breadth north and south is 1½ mile; this does not include the marshes on the south side, and which continue past the parallel of the city. The extreme breadth, a little north of the island of Lanka, is 10 miles, and the circumference nearly 30 miles.\n\nIts average depth is 12 feet, the deepest part being on its western side, opposite the hill of Shukarúdín, where it is about 16 feet. The Kashmiris have very exaggerated ideas of the extent of the lake, some of them supposing it to be as large as the sea. The bed is composed of soft mud, and where it is shallow, the surface is covered with water-plants. The shores are verdant, but comparatively bare of trees. They slope gently down to the water's edge from the lofty range of mountains which surround it on the north-east, but they are flat and marshy towards the plain. The outline of the lake is very regular, and its general appearance is picturesque and pleasing.\n\nThe space between the foot of the mountains and the edge of the lake varies from a few hundred yards to a mile or more, according to the height of the water, but it is always greater on the northern than on the eastern side. There is a good bridle road all round its northern half, from Manas Bal and Arjus on the east to Watlab and Sopúr on the west. Its shores are studded, with numerous villages, of which Bandípúr, which lies about a mile and a half from the water's edge, at the mouth of a fine valley, is the largest. Lanka, or 'the island', the only one in the lake, was raised and shaped by Zein-ul-Abidín; it is situated near the east side of the lake.\n\nThe view of this island at a little distance on the lake, with the amphitheatre and mountains in the background, is exceedingly picturesque. The promontory on which the shrine of Baba Shukarúdín is situated projects boldly into the lake on its west side, and is the most conspicuous of the interior eminences by which this noble sheet of water is surrounded. Its formation is a beautifully spotted amygdaloid, and the shrine on its conical summit commands a splendid prospect.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=12964731175847651281", "source_latitude": 34.266667, "source_longitude": 74.633333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 16' and 34° 26'. Long. 74° 38' and 74° 42'. Elev. 5,180 feet.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": true, "google_place_id": "ChIJ7ThkGn0L4TgR0efUeFD667M", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review_promoted", "match_score": 72, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "village", "religious_site" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "This lake being the largest in Kashmir ... It is of an elliptical form" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "Its shores are studded with numerous villages ... Bandípúr ... is the largest" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "the shrine of Baba Shukarúdín is situated [on a] promontory ... the shrine on its conical summit" } ], "feature_notes": "Primary feature is the lake; villages lie on its shores; a notable shrine is located on a promontory projecting into the lake.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "wul", "historical_name": "WUL", "modern_name": "Wul", "pdf_page": 407, "pdf_viewer_page": 421, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The Jhelam flows into the Wular on its east side, near the middle of the lake, leaving it at its south-west corner in a fine open stream about 200 yards wide. The Wular is a lake, simply because its bottom is lower than the bed of the Jhelam; it will disappear by degrees as the bed of the pass at Baramúla becomes more worn away by the river; its extent is perceptibly becoming more circumscribed by the deposition of soil and detritus on its margin in the vicinity of Bandípúr where two considerable streams, the Badkhol and the Erin Nala, flow in, and where the water is shallow. Land springs, however, are occasionally seen bubbling up to the surface. The water is clear, and in the centre of the lake, for some distance, of a deep green colour. The surface of the Wular, like every other lake surrounded by mountains, is liable to the action of sudden and furious hurricanes that sweep over it with such extraordinary violence that no boatman can be induced to face it. The [unclear] led to the construction, in very early times, of the Nurú canal, whereby, when the waters are high, the passage of the lake may be avoided. Fishing is carried on to a great extent by the inhabitants of the surrounding villages, who preserve a great deal of the produce of their nets for sale, by simply cutting the fish open and drying it in the sun, using very little or no salt.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "will disappear by degrees as the bed of the pass at Baramúla becomes more worn away by the river; its extent is pe" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "WUL. Wul. Village. The Jhelam flows into the Wular on its east side, near the middle of the lak" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "ow in, and where the water is shallow. Land springs, however, are occasionally seen bubbling up to the surface. The w" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "wul-2", "historical_name": "WUL", "modern_name": "Wul", "pdf_page": 408, "pdf_viewer_page": 422, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "When fishing, two moderately heavy boats and two light skiffs usually act together; in each of the former are two men, one rowing, the other managing the net; the latter is paddled by one man seated at the head. The net is of the shape of a cone, but of a considerable size; the mouth is stretched on a wooden frame, in the form of a parabola of nearly a fathom area, a pole extending from the base to the summit, intended both to give support to a rod which reaches to the end of the bag, keeping it stretched, and to be of use in raising the net, which is too heavy to be wholly managed by a single person. When all is ready, the stems of the two larger boats are brought so near together that the space between them may be wholly occupied by the nets lowered on their sides; the skiffs then go ahead, and wheeling round, make between the two larger boats, striking the water smartly; the net is drawn as they approach, and each man in the skiff assists the one in the large boat to raise it. A single jerk empties the net of its contents, and it is again lowered; the skiffs then proceed, and turning round their companions, again row ahead and the operation is repeated. The rapidity and regularity with which these manoeuvres are repeated, render the fishing on the Wular lake an amusing and interesting spectacle. The varieties of fish met with in this lake are said to be the Satat Gad and Charri Gad, which are taken both by net and hook; the Pikut Gad, with net only; and the Chash Gad and Hari, with hook. The fishermen frequently use spears for striking the larger fish. The fish are said to retire to the Wular lake in the depth of winter, when the rivers are at their lowest. The lotus and other water-plants are found on the lake in great abundance, and in the autumn the water-fowl appear to be innumerable; swans, geese, and a species of sea-gull are very common; the latter breeds there, depositing its egg on the thickly-matted leaves of the aquatic plants, with nothing that can be called a nest around it. In shooting water-fowl the Kashmír sportsman uses a matchlock of extraordinary length. When rowed near to the game, he and the single boatman who accompanies him lie down in the boat, so as to be seen as little as possible by the birds, and then with small paddles and their hands over the sides, gently push the boat onwards, until within range; two or three birds generally fall at each discharge. Upon the breaking up of the frost, the wild fowl take their departure to the northward, topping in their flight the most elevated ridges of the Himalaya, and descend on the plains of Yárkand and Mogulistán, whence they came on the approach of winter. The natives aver that being somewhat out of condition for a long voyage, they rest for the first evening on the summits of the mountains around the lake, and that being instinctively aware of the difficulty they would have in finding a supply of food in the sedgeless steams of Tibet, they carry with them in their bills from the lake a supply of singhára and their resting places for the night are denoted by the ground being covered with the shells. They also assert that the wild fowl, in the first rising, skim the summits of the mountains so closely, that in one gauti in particular people frequently conceal themselves, and knock them down by throwing sticks at them as they pass. The singhára or water-nut is produced in such abundance on the lake as to contribute very considerably to the revenue. For five months in the year it forms the main support of thousands of the poorer classes living in the neighbourhood of the lake. In the month of December dozens of boats, containing several men in each, may be seen collecting the plants. The roots are loosened by means of ropes fastened between two boats, and iron prongs are used in collecting them. When first dragged up from the bottom, they are much entangled by their long fibrous stems, but they are unravelled by suspension for some time in the water. Moorcroft states that when he visited Kashmír the government was said to receive annually 96,000 kharwás or ass-loads of the nut. (Forster—Moorcroft—Vigne—Herveey—Montgomerie—Ince—Eliuslie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "pass" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "gently push the boat onwards, until within range; two or three birds generally fall at each discharge. Upon the br" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "wullar", "historical_name": "WULLAR", "modern_name": "Wullar", "pdf_page": 409, "pdf_viewer_page": 423, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of one of the nine parganas in the Shahír-i-khas zillah of the Míraj division. It comprises a long and narrow valley, which stretches from the north side of the Jhelam, between Awantipúr and Bij-Behára. The tehsíl is at the small town of Trál, and the district is very frequently called the Trál pargana. It is said to contain 95 villages, paying a revenue of two lakhs of rupees (chikli), one in money, the other in kind. A considerable amount of silk is produced in the district. The valley is traversed by some considerable streams, which seem, however, to possess no distinctive names.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Wular Lake", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "town", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "aj division. It comprises a long and narrow valley, which stretches from the north side of the Jhelam, between Awant" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "wum", "historical_name": "WUMÚ", "modern_name": "Wumú", "pdf_page": 409, "pdf_viewer_page": 423, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Shahabád pargana, containing a custom-house, situated about 1 mile south-west of Vernág, at the foot of the ascent leading to the Banihál pass. The houses in this village, which are somewhat scattered, are double-storied wooden buildings, with pent roofs, and many of them are shaded by fine walnut trees. The small stream which flows down from the pass furnishes an abundant supply of water.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.533333, "source_longitude": 75.266667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 32'. Long. 75° 16'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "e foot of the ascent leading to the Banihál pass. The houses in this village, which are somewhat scattered, are do" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "are shaded by fine walnut trees. The small stream which flows down from the pass furnishes an abundant supply of wa" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "wuperszwoin", "historical_name": "WUPERSZWOIN", "modern_name": "Wuperszwoin", "pdf_page": 409, "pdf_viewer_page": 423, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated on the east side of a fir-clad slope, about 4 miles south of Shalúra, on the road towards Sopúr. Both rice and corn are cultivated in the neighbourhood of this village, which contains a masjid, and the ziárat of Mir Siráj Dín Bokharawala. The inhabitants number about 8 families of zemindars, a mulla, and a dum.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.45, "source_longitude": 74.216667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 27'. Long. 74° 13'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "SUSHEEL ENTERPRISES", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "hbourhood of this village, which contains a masjid, and the ziárat of Mir Siráj Dín Bokharawala. The inhabitants num" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "ope, about 4 miles south of Shalúra, on the road towards Sopúr. Both rice and corn are cultivated in the neighbour" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "wygund", "historical_name": "WYGUND", "modern_name": "Wygund", "pdf_page": 409, "pdf_viewer_page": 423, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A hamlet in the Bangil pargana, inhabited by two families; it is situated in a clump of trees on the right bank of the bed of the stream, lying between it and Khipúr.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.133333, "source_longitude": 74.5, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 8'. Long. 74° 30'. Elev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Gund", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "river_or_lake", "village" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "WYGUND. Wygund. River / watercourse. A hamlet in the Bangil pargana, inhabited by two families; it is situated" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "wyl", "historical_name": "WYL", "modern_name": "Wyl", "pdf_page": 409, "pdf_viewer_page": 423, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Bring valley, situated on the left bank of the stream, close to the Tansan bridge and the junction of the Nowbûg river.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.566667, "source_longitude": 75.4, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 34'. Long. 75° 24'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "WYL. Wyl. Village. A village in the Bring valley, situated on the left bank of the stream, close to the Tansan bri" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "eft bank of the stream, close to the Tansan bridge and the junction of the Nowbûg river." } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "yech", "historical_name": "YECH", "modern_name": "Yech", "pdf_page": 409, "pdf_viewer_page": 423, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of one of the nine parganas in the Shahír-i-khas zillah of the Míraj division of Kashmír. It comprises district lying in the centre of the valley to the south of the city of Srinagar. The tehsil station is at Kralapura.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Gazetteer entry", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "Entry paragraph is cut off at the bottom of the page; continues onto next page.", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "city", "town", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "city", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "city", "quote": "he centre of the valley to the south of the city of Srinagar. The tehsil station is at Kralapura." }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "y to the south of the city of Srinagar. The tehsil station is at Kralapura." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "mprises district lying in the centre of the valley to the south of the city of Srinagar. The tehsil station is at Kr" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "yechabur", "historical_name": "YECHABUR", "modern_name": "Yechabur", "pdf_page": 410, "pdf_viewer_page": 424, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village inhabited by four families, situated on the north side of the Shahabad valley, about 8 miles south-east of Vernag, above the right bank of the Sandran river, which is spanned by a good bridge. The houses, which are of timber embellished with rude carvings, have pent shingle roofs, and are built on the rising ground at the foot of the mountains.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.483333, "source_longitude": 75.383333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 29'. Long. 75° 23'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "bridge_or_ferry", "ruin_or_archaeological_site" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "situated on the north side of the Shahabad valley, about 8 miles south-east of Vernag, above the right bank of the" }, { "feature": "bridge_or_ferry", "quote": "e Sandran river, which is spanned by a good bridge. The houses, which are of timber embellished with rude carvings," }, { "feature": "ruin_or_archaeological_site", "quote": ", which are of timber embellished with rude carvings, have pent shingle roofs, and are built on the rising ground at t" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "yechara", "historical_name": "YECHARA", "modern_name": "Yechara", "pdf_page": 410, "pdf_viewer_page": 424, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a considerable stream which rises on the northern slopes of the lofty Tatta-kuti peak, in the Pansal range; it flows in a north-easterly direction, and empties itself into the Dud Ganga, lat. 33° 58', long. 74° 51', near the large village of Wahtor.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Char Chinar Dal lake", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "pass", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "pass", "quote": "slopes of the lofty Tatta-kuti peak, in the Pansal range; it flows in a north-easterly direction, and empties itself" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "echara. Village. The name of a considerable stream which rises on the northern slopes of the lofty Tatta-kuti peak," } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "yor", "historical_name": "YOR", "modern_name": "Yor", "pdf_page": 410, "pdf_viewer_page": 424, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the Shahabad pargana, situated at the north end of a narrow defile, which is about 2 miles long, and is traversed by the path leading into the Khund valley. (Ince.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.6, "source_longitude": 75.183333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 36'. Long. 75° 11'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "raversed by the path leading into the Khund valley. (Ince.)" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "about 2 miles long, and is traversed by the path leading into the Khund valley. (Ince.)" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "zaban", "historical_name": "ZABAN", "modern_name": "Zaban", "pdf_page": 410, "pdf_viewer_page": 424, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small village, situated on the right bank of the Farriabadi river, about 7 miles east of Maru, lying midway on the stage between that place and Metwan. There are some hot springs near the village. Supplies are not obtainable. (Robinson.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.666667, "source_longitude": 75.833333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 40'. Long. 75° 50'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Zeban", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake", "spring", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "age. A small village, situated on the right bank of the Farriabadi river, about 7 miles east of Maru, lying midway" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "n that place and Metwan. There are some hot springs near the village. Supplies are not obtainable. (Robinson.)" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "t 7 miles east of Maru, lying midway on the stage between that place and Metwan. There are some hot springs near th" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "zainagir", "historical_name": "ZAINAGIR", "modern_name": "Zainagir Minor", "pdf_page": 410, "pdf_viewer_page": 424, "latitude": 34.3097222, "longitude": 74.4666667, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13038074246518345771&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Automated google_places review match: Zainagir Minor, 193201. Score 72; review before marking final.", "blurb": "The name of a pargana in the Kamraj division of Kashmir. It comprises a district lying to the north and north-west of Sopur, between the Pohru river and the Wular lake. The want of water renders the appearance of this pargana different to any other part of the valley; no stream irrigates it, and the only way that water is procurable is by digging holes in the made water-channels when rain falls. Various attempts have been made to bring water into the district by means of irrigation canals, but they have been permitted to fall into disrepair, probably on account of the expense attending their maintenance. Barley is now the staple product of the pargana. Rice is only cultivated to a limited extent at the foot of the hills near Shuwa, which is the tehsil station, and around the neighbouring village of Tajar. When surveyed between the years 1856 and 1860, the Zainagir pargana contained 31 villages. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=13038074246518345771&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJy_XVes4O4TgRKxDl0nKL8LQ", "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review_promoted", "match_score": 72, "match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "town", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "foot of the hills near Shuwa, which is the tehsil station, and around the neighbouring village of Tajar. When surveyed betw" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "and north-west of Sopur, between the Pohru river and the Wular lake. The want of water renders the appearance of t" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "zainakut", "historical_name": "ZAINAKUT", "modern_name": "Zainakut", "pdf_page": 410, "pdf_viewer_page": 424, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village situated at the foot of the Kushpur-wudar, on its north side, about 4 miles west of Srinagar, near the road towards Patan. It contains a masjid and 17 houses. The inhabitants of this village are said to be engaged in the manufacture of saltpetre for the government powder factories.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.1, "source_longitude": 74.766667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 6'. Long. 74° 46'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Zainakote", "no_match_score": 36, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "religious_site", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "religious_site", "quote": "near the road towards Patan. It contains a masjid and 17 houses. The inhabitants of this village are said to be eng" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "e, about 4 miles west of Srinagar, near the road towards Patan. It contains a masjid and 17 houses. The inhabitant" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "zainpur", "historical_name": "ZAINPUR", "modern_name": "Zainpur", "pdf_page": 411, "pdf_viewer_page": 425, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a pargana in the Shopian zillah of the Míráj division of Kashmír. It is one of the four parganas which were added during the Sikh occupancy of the valley to the 34 originally constituted by the Moghuls. The Zainpur pargana comprehends the table-land lying to the north-east of Shopian. The tehsil station is at the village of Safanagar.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": null, "source_longitude": null, "source_coordinate_text": "", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Zanipora", "no_match_score": 56, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "town", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "town", "quote": "and lying to the north-east of Shopian. The tehsil station is at the village of Safanagar." }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "were added during the Sikh occupancy of the valley to the 34 originally constituted by the Moghuls. The Zainpur parg" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "zamti-nag", "historical_name": "ZAMTI NAG", "modern_name": "Zamti Nag", "pdf_page": 411, "pdf_viewer_page": 425, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "The name of a small lake situated in the lofty mountains at the north-eastern extremity of the Dachinpára district. It is connected with the Shísha Nág, and is fed by an enormous glacier situated under three remarkable peaks. The Lidar river is supposed to derive its peculiar white colour from the waters of this lake. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.083333, "source_longitude": 75.55, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 5' Long. 75° 33'. Elev.", "admin_status": "River / watercourse", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "river_or_lake", "spring" ], "primary_feature": "river_or_lake", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "admin_status: River / watercourse" }, { "feature": "spring", "quote": "ZAMTI NAG. Zamti Nag. River / watercourse. The name of a small lake situate" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "zangam", "historical_name": "ZANGAM", "modern_name": "Zangam", "pdf_page": 411, "pdf_viewer_page": 425, "latitude": 34.1445159, "longitude": 74.5682972, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=10267400005400095986&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "modern_equivalent_found": true, "review_notes": "Automated google_places strong match: Zangam, Nihal Pora 193121. Score 92; review before marking final.", "blurb": "A village situated at the foot of the table-land, about 2 miles to the south of Patan, by the side of the road leading towards Srinagar. It is inhabited by seven families of zemindars and six of shál-báís.", "coordinate_source_url": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=10267400005400095986&g_mp=Cidnb29nbGUubWFwcy5wbGFjZXMudjEuUGxhY2VzLlNlYXJjaFRleHQQAhgEIAA", "source_latitude": 34.15, "source_longitude": 74.616667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 9'. Long. 74° 37'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "google_place_id": "ChIJHSoqAouh4TgR8my36OchfY4", "finalized": true, "match_status": "strong", "enrichment_status": "manual_review_promoted", "features": [ "village" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "A village situated at the foot of the table-land" } ], "feature_notes": "Directly described as village.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "llm_structured", "model": "gpt-4.1-mini", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "prompt_version": "gazetteer_place_features_v2_identity_only", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "zanglewar", "historical_name": "ZANGLEWAR", "modern_name": "Zanglewar", "pdf_page": 411, "pdf_viewer_page": 425, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in Badrawár, situated on the left bank of the Chandra Bhága, a few miles west of Doda. On the west side of the village is a deep ravine forming the bed of a torrent. The population numbers eight families of Hindús and two of Mohammedans. There is a good deal of cultivation about this village.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.15, "source_longitude": 75.566667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 9'. Long. 75° 34'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Zangli Kasheera", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "A village in Badrawár, situated on the left bank of the Chandra Bhága, a few miles west of Doda. On the west side" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "zara", "historical_name": "ZARA", "modern_name": "Zara", "pdf_page": 411, "pdf_viewer_page": 425, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "One of a cluster of small villages in the Síráz district of Kishtwár, situated high up on the mountain side, above the right bank of the Liderkhol stream. It contains 45 houses inhabited by Hindús.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.2, "source_longitude": 75.5, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 12'. Long. 75° 30'.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "ZARA", "no_match_score": -1000, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "gh up on the mountain side, above the right bank of the Liderkhol stream. It contains 45 houses inhabited by Hindú" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "zehilpura", "historical_name": "ZEHILPURA", "modern_name": "Zehilpura", "pdf_page": 411, "pdf_viewer_page": 425, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village lying amid the rice-fields, about 1 mile south of Bij-Behára, on the road towards Shopian. It contains about 20 houses, and is shaded by fine trees.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.783333, "source_longitude": 75.133333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 47'. Long. 75° 8'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "Zeashta Devi Shrine, Zaethyar", "no_match_score": -13, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "village", "road_or_route" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "road_or_route", "quote": "s, about 1 mile south of Bij-Behára, on the road towards Shopian. It contains about 20 houses, and is shaded by fi" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "zergay", "historical_name": "ZERGAY", "modern_name": "Zergay", "pdf_page": 411, "pdf_viewer_page": 425, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A small dirty village in the Tilail valley, containing four houses situated on the right bank of the Kishen Ganga, about 1 mile north-west of Purana Tilail.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.6, "source_longitude": 75.033333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 36'. Long. 75° 2'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "illage. A small dirty village in the Tilail valley, containing four houses situated on the right bank of the Kishen" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "zewar", "historical_name": "ZEWAR", "modern_name": "Zewar", "pdf_page": 411, "pdf_viewer_page": 425, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village lying on the north-east side of the town of Kishtwár; it was once a large place, but now contains only a few houses. (Montgomerie.)", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 33.316667, "source_longitude": 75.816667, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 33° 19'. Long. 75° 49'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Town", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "no_match_candidate": "ZEWAR - The Jewellery Shop", "no_match_score": -160, "no_match_distance_km": null, "features": [ "town", "village" ], "primary_feature": "town", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "town", "quote": "admin_status: Town" }, { "feature": "village", "quote": "ZEWAR. Zewar. Town. A village lying on the north-east side of the town of Kishtwár; it was once" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } }, { "id": "zingay", "historical_name": "ZINGAY", "modern_name": "Zingay", "pdf_page": 411, "pdf_viewer_page": 425, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "wikipedia_url": "", "google_maps_url": "", "modern_equivalent_found": false, "review_notes": "Structured LLM extraction from the source page image; modern match pending.", "blurb": "A village in the north-eastern portion of the Gúrás valley, situated on the right bank of the Búrzi stream. It is said to contain 10 houses.", "coordinate_source_url": "", "source_latitude": 34.7, "source_longitude": 75.983333, "source_coordinate_text": "Lat. 34° 42'. Long. 75° 59'. Elev.", "admin_status": "Village", "excerpt_kind": "verbatim_llm_structured", "transcription_notes": "", "reviewed": false, "finalized": false, "enrichment_status": "searched_no_match", "match_status": "none", "features": [ "village", "river_or_lake" ], "primary_feature": "village", "feature_evidence": [ { "feature": "village", "quote": "admin_status: Village" }, { "feature": "river_or_lake", "quote": "e in the north-eastern portion of the Gúrás valley, situated on the right bank of the Búrzi stream. It is said to co" } ], "feature_notes": "Feature attributes inferred from the gazetteer category and exact excerpt cues; review before treating as final taxonomy.", "feature_extraction": { "method": "structured_rules_from_excerpt", "schema": "gazetteer_place_features_v1", "enriched_at": "2026-06-05" } } ] }