Jammu & Kashmir

This project maps places from Charles Ellison Bates’s 1873 Gazetteer of Kashmír, a colonial reference work covering Kashmir and adjacent districts including Kishtwar, Badrawar, Jammu, Naoshera, Poonch, and the Kishenganga valley. The gazetteer was compiled for political and military reference, and its accompanying map drew on the Great Trigonometrical Survey of India under Colonel J. T. Walker.

Each point on this map begins as a historical place-name from the gazetteer. The original excerpt is preserved, while the modern pin reflects a reviewed present-day equivalent.

The source was processed with LLM-assisted OCR and parsing to turn scanned gazetteer entries into structured location data. Candidate modern equivalents were enriched with the Google Places API and supporting references.

Because spellings, boundaries, and administrative names have changed, locations are published only after human review checks whether the modern site matches the historical description.